Ukuvakala kwetyala le-Congress kuye kwaba yinkqubo echazayo yokubumba ubuchule bokwenziwa (AI) kunye nemigaqo yobugcisa eUnited States. Njengoko iinkqubo ze-II zizala icandelo elichaphazelekayo lokuxilonga okunzima .Iinkqubo zokuhlola ulwaphulo-mthetho, imigaqo-mthetho yolwaphulo-mthetho, i-algorithm, izithuthi ezizimeleyo, kunye nokwenza izigqibo zemali , kunye nokulungisa iinkqubo zezemali.

Indaleko Yolawulo Lwezibonelelo Zobuxhakaxhaka

Ulawulo lobuchule bokwenziwa kombutho asinto intsha. Ukusukela kwiintsuku zokuqala zikanomathotholo nomabonwakude ukuya kunyuko lwe-Internet kunye nolwazi-mathematika, ukuva kwemithetho kuye kwaxhathisa iziphumo zotshintsho. Noko ke, ixesha langoku lobuchule obungeyoyamvelo linika imiqobo engaqhelekanga: Iinkqubo ze-IA ayiyonto ezidityanisiweyo kodwa zize zijijike kakhulu, kwaye zisoloko zingaqondakali. Isantya sokukhula kwe-Al /aced projectivesss types, i-generativerative FII, kunye nenkqubo ye-auto-ithomouse igqitham yomjikelo womthetho wesithethe. Ngenxa yoko, iindlebe ziye zaba sisixhobo esibalulekileyo ekufumaneni iBhunga lomthetho, ukufundisa ngokwayo, nokulungisa intengo.

I-profile yokuqala ephezulu ye-IA kwi-AI yonyaka wama-2010 ijolise kakhulu kwimpembelelo yezoqoqosho yokuhamba nokushenxiswa komsebenzi. Ngasekupheleni kowama-202020, intetho yanda yaquka utyekelo lwe-algorithm, ulwaluko lobukhokhongozeli bobuso, kunye nohlolo lwendlela yokuhlola. Uthothotho lweendlebe, ingakumbi ezo zibandakanya iinkampani ezikhokelayo ze-AIAI ezifana ne-OLAI, u-Google, neMicrosoft, zaphawula incopho yokujika. Ezi ntlanganiso zatsala ingqalelo kawonke wonke umntu kwaye zabalaselisa ungxamiseko lokumisela iinkqubo zendlela zobucukusebenza phambi kokuba namandla e-Alcurecure.

Imimandla Engundoqo Yokugxila Kwiindlebe Eziyi-Al

Iindlebe zale mihla zengqungquthela kwi-Al nemilinganiselo yobugcisa zijikeleza rhoqo zijikeleze imixholo emininzi engundoqo. Ummandla ngamnye ubonisa inkalo eyahlukileyo yocelomngeni olubanzi lwemilinganiselo yokuziphatha nomthetho.

Ukhuseleko logcino-lwazi lwezobucala

Iinkqubo ze-AIIP zingabantu abanolwazi oluninzi. Iindlebe zithetha ngokuphindaphindiweyo ngendlela iinkampani eziqokelela ngayo, ezigcina, kunye nokusebenzisa ulwazi lobuqu kwimizekelo eqeqeshiweyo. AmaNgqina asoloko engqina ukuphulwa kogcino-lwazi, ukusetyenziswa kwendlela yesibini yokusetyenziswa kogcino-lwazi, nokungakufanelekeli kwendlela yokuvuma abathengi. Abenzi bomthetho bahlolisisa umlinganiselo wokuba imithetho ye-mfihlo ekhoyo ye-Healmendial Inshorence Portability kunye nomthetho we-Accomperability Act (HIPAA) kunye ne-Onnnn Commution Protection Act (CPR) kodwa basebenzisa iimfuno ezikhethekileyo ze-AP.

Ububele Nobulungisa

Ucalucalulo lwemithetho-mthetho luyinkxalabo engundoqo yemilinganiselo yokuziphatha. Iimeko zokuchophela iindlebe ze-Congregation ziye zahlola apho iinkqubo ze-Al zacalucalulwa ngokusekelwe kuhlanga, ubufanasini, okanye kwimeko yentlalo yentlalo ekuqeshweni, ekubolekeni, nasekugwetyweni kwezaphuli-mthetho. Umzekelo, ukuva ngemithetho-algorithm exeliweyo yabonisa indlela enokuba i-data ingaluqhubekisa ngayo ucalucalucalulo. Abenzi bomthetho babuza amangqina ngendlela ezisetyenziswayo ukuvavanya ucalucalucalulo, ukwahluka kogcino-lwazi, kunye neendlela zokuphendula xa kuvela iziphumo ezigqwetha.

Ukucaca nokucacisa

Iinkqubo ezininzi ze-Al, ingakumbi iinethwekhi ezinzulu zemithambo-luvo, zisebenza njenge "iibhokisi ezimnyama" ``inkqubo zazo zangaphakathi zokwenza izigqibo azinakubonwa kwanabaphuhlisi bazo. Ukuva kuhlola imfuneko yokucacisa, ingakumbi kumodeli yezigqibo ezichaphazeleka ngqo kumalungelo abantu ngabanye, njengokuxilonga okanye ukuxilonga ngetyala lezamayeza. AmaNgqina aphikisana ngokungabinakwa kwemifanekiso eqingqiweyo ecacileyo ngokuchasene norhwebo lwemifanekiso entsonkothileyo. Abenzi bomthetho batyhala ngemilinganiselo yokubhala, njengemizekelo okanye amakhadi ogcino-lwazi, ukuphucula ukubonakala. Uxinezeleko phakathi kolwazi olukhoyo kunye nokuphendula koluntu kukuchasana okuphindwa ngokuphindaphindiweyo.

Ukuphendula nokuthembeka

Xa inkqubo ye-Al ibangela umonakalo / i-academia ebangela ukungqubana kwemoto, ukubanjwa okuphosakeleyo ngenxa yempazamo yolwamkelo lobuso, okanye ukukhanyelwa kwemithetho-siseko yeengenelo `ubunindi okanye ngubani onoxanduva? Ukuva kwemithetho-siseko kuzama ukumelana nemithetho efuna iimeko ezinjalo. AmaNgqina asuka kwii-academia, amashishini e-inshorensi, kunye neenkampani zobugcisa zinikela iimbono ezichaseneyo. Abanye baphikisa iimbono ezingqongqo kubaphuhlisi; abanye bacebisa umsebenzi wendlela yokunyamekela; ukanti, abanye bakhuthaza ityala elisikelwelo elisikelweyo ukukhuthaza ukuqulungela ingxelo. Ingqiqo ye "algothrithricricric comment" ice ice ice umthetho wesizwe, kuquka nomthetho we-Accodecialcial Accom, oya kufuna ukuhlolwa kwemicineze

Ukhuseleko nokhuseleko

Ukhuseleko lweenkqubo ezihambele phambili ze-Al, ingakumbi ezo zinokusetyenziswa kakubi okanye zibangela intlekele, iye yaba ngumxholo ophambili wokuva. Iingcali zingqina ubungozi bohlaselo lweziphene oluzinzileyo, izixhobo ezizimeleyo, kunye nokungabi nabuchule "bokuphumelela kwenkqubo ye-IAI" apho abenzi bomthetho bahlola imfuneko yokusetyenziswa komgangatho obomvu ophezulu, ukhuseleko oluzimeleyo, kunye nokhupho lwe-motrayium kwinkqubela ethile ephezulu. Ingxubusho ezidla ngokuba ziinkqubo ezifana neSizwe seZiko leMigangatho kunye nobugcisa (NIS) nemisebenzi engaphandle yokulawula iMiqatha yemiqathango yoLawulo lweMngcipheko kunye nolawulo lwezizwe ngezizwe njengeBlechley Demotementmentment kwi-AIS.

Impembelelo Kumsebenzi Nakumsebenzi

Ixhala lokuzihambela liye laba yinto ephambili ekuvinyweni kwe-Al ukususela ekuqaleni. Intetho iguqulele ngaphaya kokuxela kwangaphambili ukulahleka komsebenzi, ukuquka utshintsho lomsebenzi, imfuneko yokubulala iinkqubo, kunye nokukwazi kwe-Al ukunyusa umsebenzi womntu. Ukuphulaphula kuhlola iimpembelelo zecandelo/inkonzo yabathengi, uphando lwasemthethweni, uphando olungoonondaba, ukudityaniswa kweminatha ekhoyo yokhuseleko loluntu. Abenzi bomthetho badla ngokumema abameli kunye nophuhliso lwenkqubela-misebenzi ukuze banike ingeniso esisiseko yehlabathi (UBI) iziphumo zexesha elide, nangona ihlala iphikisana.

Ukhuphiswano loKhuseleko lweSizwe nolwezopolitiko

I-AI iyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yeqhinga lokhuseleko lwesizwe. Ukuphulaphula phambi kweNdlu yeeNkonzo zeNdlu neHouse Homeland Security Committee ithetha ngeenkqubo zomkhosi zomkhosi we-Al, ukusuka kwi-drone liqulu ukuya kuhlalutya ubuntlola. Abenzi bomthetho bakwaqwalasela amandla okukhuphisana neTshayina namanye amazwe asebenzisa i-Al. Ubungqina obuvela kumagosa okhuselo kunye neenkokeli zoluntu ezikrelekrelekrele bugxininisa imfuneko yokulondoloza ubungangamsha bezobugcisa ngelixanduva lokuziphatha kwimfazwe. Ingxoxo emalunga nezixhobo ezizimele ukubulawa kwezixhobo ezizimeleyo (LAWS) ihlala ingundaba ephambili, kunye namalungelo abantu abamele ukuphenjelelwa umlomo.

Impembelelo kwimisebenzi yesakhelo somgaqo-nkqubo nesolawulo

Ukuva okuqulunqiweyo kobuKhomishinare asiyoncoko nje; ziyakwazisa ngqo umbhobho wemithetho-siseko. IiBhili eziveliswe emva kokuchongwa okukhulu zisoloko ziquka inkxalabo kunye nokunconywa okuphakanyiswayo ngexesha lobungqina. Umzekelo, uMthetho we-algorialm'Accondation, osungulwe okokuqala kwiintlanganiso ezilandelayo, wakha ngokucacileyo ngokuva ubungqina obumalunga nobuqhetseba. I-AI Bill of Rights, ekhutshwe yi-White House Office of Science and Technology Policy, ngokufanayo yancelwa kwingxoxo engokuva malunga nokukhusela amalungelo abantu.

Ukuphulaphula kukwakhawulezisa ukusetyenziswa kolawulo kumgangatho wombutho. Emva kokuva ngobuchule bobuso, iKhomishini yeFederal Trade (FTC) yandisa ukunyanzeliswa komthetho nxamnye nezenzo ze-III ezikhohlisayo. ISebe lezorhwebo laseka iZiko loKhuseleko loKhuseleko emva kokuva ubungqina ngemfuneko yovavanyo olusemgangathweni. Ngoxa iBhunga liqhubeka lisenza ngabom umthetho we-Al obanzi, iindlebe zisebenza njengomsebenzi onyanzela ukunyanzelisa ukunyanzelisa imilinganiselo ye-IIIIM kunye nozikokelo zoshishino. Iinkampani ezininzi zobugcisa zavakalisa izibophelelo zokuzithandela kwi-Al nokukhanya komvalo lwemiqatha yemiqathango, zinika uphawu lokuba isisongelo somthetho sisonko sokuziphatha kwezentengonyaka phambi kokuba kudlule imithetho.

Ngaphandle kwale mpembelelo, abagxeki baphawula ukuba iindlebe zinokukhokelela ekuveleleni ngaphandle kokulandela ngokuqinisekisiweyo. Umthetho usoloko uvala ukungavisisani ngenxa yokuphelisa ukungavisisani ngobungakanani bomthetho, ukukhutshwa kwemithetho karhulumente, okanye amalungiselelo oxanduva. Nangona kunjalo, iziphumo eziphindaphindiweyo zokuva ngomxholo zibangela ukuba kubekho ingxelo abayila inkqubo ezayo abanokuyisebenzisa.

Indima Yobungqina Bobungcaphephe Nolwazi Oluvela Kuwonke - wonke

Ukuphumelela kokuchongwa kwamatyala okuququzelelwa kobuzwe kuxhomekeke kumgangatho kunye nomahluko wamangqina. IiKomiti zidla ngokumema ukudibana kwabameli abasuka kwiinkampani ezinkulu zobugcisa, abaphandi, imibutho yezemfundo, kunye namaqumrhu karhulumente. Ubukho bezenkcubeko kunye nabaphengululi abasemthethweni baqinisekisa ukuba imilinganiselo yokuziphatha nentanda-bulumko ifumana ixesha lokuhamba emoyeni. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, kuye kwanyanzeleka ukuba kuquke amazwi abantu abachaphazeleke ngqo kwiingozi ze-Al, njengabantu abachatshazelwa yimpatho ejongelwa phantsi kwemithetho okanye abasebenzi abafudusiweyo.

Ukuthabatha inxaxheba kuwonke wonke kudlulela ngaphaya kobungqina obungqinelanayo. Iindlebe ziyasasazwa, zivelisa intshumayelo yamajelo eendaba nentetho yesidlangalala. Amaqela oonozakuzaku asebenzisa ukuva ukuze anyanzelise abaququzeleli bomthetho ngokuququzelela abasebenzi babo. Ingxelo evulekileyo yentetho nevidiyo iba ngumthombo wabaphandi, iintatheli, nabafundisi. Ezinye iikomiti ziye zazama ubungqina obupheleleyo namagqabaza abhaliweyo esidlangalaleni ukuze zandise ukubamba.

Noko ke, ucwangciso lunemiqathango. Amangqina asoloko enemizuzu embalwa yokuthetha, elandelwa yimibuzo ekhawulezileyo. Abaququzeleli bomthetho bangadida ingxubusho ecacileyo. Ngamanye amaxesha abenzi bomthetho basebenzisa imibuzo ukwenza iingongoma zezobupolitika kunokuba baqokelele ulwazi. Phezu kwazo nje ezi mpawu, iindlebe zihlala zingenye yezona ndlela zibonakalayo zeBhunga elibandakanyeka neengxaki zeteknoloji ezintsonkothileyo.

Ucelomngeni Nokugxekwa Kwenkqubo Yokuva

Ngeli xesha ukuva okucetyiswayo kombutho kubalulekile, bajamelana nogxeko olubalulekileyo. Okokuqala isantya esithe ngqo: i-II iguquka kwiinyanga, ngelixesha iBhunga lihambayo kwiminyaka. Ngexesha ukuva nokubekwa komthetho kusenokuba kusele kudlule imigaqo ecetyiweyo. Okwesibini, ukuntsonkotha kobugcisa be-Al kusoloko kugqitha ubuchule bomenzi womthetho. Amalungu amaninzi axhomekeke kakhulu kwiminye iinkalo ezifutshane kunye neendawo zeqela, nto leyo ekhokelela ekubeni kunciphekelise iqonga. Okwesithathu, ukuva kusenokuba kusenokuba kudlule iziganeko apho amangqina kunye nabaquququzeli bomthetho bathetha iingo zokwenyaniso. Okwesine, ukujikeleza okudla ngokugqithisa kobuchule bomcimbi wemithetho- mhlaba.

Olunye ucelomngeni kukuthotywa kwemithetho. I-Al ichaphazela phantse zonke iikomiti: iVudiary, intengiselwano, iManeracy, iiNkonzo zeNdlu, iMpilo, Imfundo, nezinye izinto ezininzi. Oku kwahlukana kungakhokelela ekudibaniseni imiyalezo egqwethekileyo kunye nezithuba ezidityanisiweyo. Imigudu yokwenza i-application enikezelweyo kwi-Al iye yacetywa kodwa ayikaqinisekiswa. Ngaphezu koko, ucango olujikelezayo phakathi korhulumente noshishino luphakamisa imibuzo emalunga nokubanjwa kolawulo, njengoko amangqina aphulaphula ngokufuthi ebamba iingxubeno zenzala.

Ukuthelekiswa Kwamazwe Ngamazwe: Ukufunda Kwezinye Iimodeli Zolawulo

Ukuvakala kwentlanganiso kukwasebenza njengefestile kulawulo lothelekiso. Umzekelo, i-European Union, iqhubele phambili uMthetho we-Al-a ummiselo osekelwe kumngcipheko odibanisa iinkqubo ze-Al ngomonakalo kwaye umisela iimfanelo ezihambelanayo. AmaNgqina asoloko ekhankanya indlela ye-EU njengemodeli, nangona ephawula ukwahluka kwenkcubeko yasemthethweni kunye nobuchule bokunyanzelisa. I-United Kingdom's AI Office Institute ne-China's sisazulu solawulo solawulo solawulo lwezixokelelwano zemithetho-algorithm inika imizekelo ephikisanayo ye-edictived systress.

Maxa wambi ukuvakala kobungqina obuvela kwiingcaphephe zamazwe angaphandle okanye abameli beentlangano zezizwe ngezizwe ezifana neManyano yezeMbali yeCo-operation kunye noPhuhliso (OECD), epapashe imigaqo ye-II). Oku kutshintshisana kunceda abalathisi-mthetho base-U.

Ukukhangela Phambili: Icebiso Ngolawulo Oluphumelelayo

Njengoko i-Al iqhubeka iqhubela phambili, indlela eqhuba ngayo iiNgqungquthela kufuneka itshintshe. Iinguqu eziliqela zicetyiswe ngabaqwalaseli. Okokuqala, iikomiti kufuneka zifakelele ubuchule obuthile . "ngoomatshini bokusebenza) ngokusuka kwiiofisi ezingezozo iparali, ii-ofisi, okanye iinkcukacha ezidibeneyo, okanye iinkcukacha ezidityanisiweyo ngezantsi-----ukulola. Okwesibini, iindlebe kufuneka zilungelelaniswe unyuso olunzulu, mhlawumbi kwintlanganiso ezininzi okanye amaqela asebenzayo. Okwesithathu, ingqungquthela mayilinganise ukufakwa koluntu kunye nooogqirha abaphambili, hayi abaphambili nezifundiswa. Okwesine, iindlebe kufuneka zicace ngokucacileyo iingozi zexesha elide ecaleni komonakalo, kuquka nokuqwalalw'ucomela-khuseleko.

Kwinkqubo, ukuva kunokwenzeka ukuba kwazise umthetho wexesha elizayo obanzi we-Al. Iziqalelo ezisenokuba ziquka uhlolo lomngcipheko olunyanzelekileyo kwiinkqubo ezisetyenziswayo eziphezulu, imvume yangaphambi komthengisi yezicelo ezithile (umz., i-Al yezamayeza), imithetho yetyala yeenkqubo ezizimeleyo, ukukhutshwa kwemithetho yephondo ye-II, kunye nenkxaso exhasweyo yophando lokhuseleko lwe-AI. Iindlebe zoongqungquthela ziza kuqhubeka zilulo apho ezi ngcamango zivavanywa zize zicocelwe khona.

Ekugqibeleni, ikamva lobuchule obungeyoyamvelo kunye nemilinganiselo yokuziphatha yobugcisa liya kuxonxwa kungekuphela nje ngoononjineli kunye noosomashishini kodwa yinkqubo yedemokhrasi emele ukuviwa yi-odoli. Ziyi-fomum ngenxa yesizathu sikawonke-wonke, ukuxilonga amandla equmrhu, kunye nesikhumbuzi sokuba ubugcisa bumele buncede amaxabiso abantu. Njengokuba iBhunga le-19 leMibutho lizimanyanisayo kunye nempumelelo entsha ye-Al iphuma, igumbi lokuva lihlala lilelinye lawona mazwe abalulekileyo apho imilinganiselo yokuziphatha yekamva lethu elizilungelelawuli.

[[UMTL] izibonelelo ze-Extel ukuze zifundwe ngokubhekele phaya:[[UMTL:1]