Ukhokelo Lommi Lokuqwalasela Izenzo Zikarhulumente

oorhulumente bendawo."Kuquka ubalo, izixeko, iidolophu, kunye nemimandla ekhethekileyo] ulawulo lweenkonzo ezichaphazela ubomi bemihla ngemihla ngqo: amapolisa kunye nomlilo, izikolo zasekuhlaleni, usetyenziso lweendawo, amanzi kunye nenkunkuma, kunye neendlela zasekuhlaleni. Ngenxa yezigqibo zikarhulumente wasekuhlaleni zichaphazela ngqo abamelwane kunye noluntu, olu mgangatho lusoloko lunika amathuba afikelelekayo nawokuba neziphumo ezifanelekileyo kumanyano lwabemi.

Ingxamiseko karhulumente oPhakathi kunye nemisebenzi Yazo

Isebe ngalinye linemisebenzi ekhethekileyo, igunya elikhethekileyo, ulawulo kunye neenkqubo ezisebenzayo.

Kumgangatho karhulumente, amasebe asuka kwiSebe elikhulu loKhuselo ukuya kumaqumrhu azimeleyo amancinane njengeKhomishini yeFederal Evolution. Amasebe esizwe ahlola amasebe amaninzi karhulumente ngeli xesha esingatha imisebenzi ecacileyo karhulumente.

Inkoliso yamasebe apapasha iitshati zentlangano, iingxelo zemisebenzi, kunye neencwadi ezibhalelwe oovimba bezinto ezikhoyo kwii-website zawo. Ezi zinto zikunceda ukuba ufumane iofisi ethile okanye i-ofisi esemthethweni ejongene nezigqibo ezithile okanye iinkqubo ezithile. Ukuqonda isakhiwo sesebe kukwatyhila uthotho lwemiyalelo kunye neenkqubo zokwenza izigqibo, eziyimfuneko ukuze kuphumelele ukuphatha nokuvelela.

Amalungelo Akho Njengommi Ogadayo

Inkululeko Yolwazi

Esinye sezixhobo ezinamandla ezifumaneka kubemi abahlola urhulumente lilungelo elisemthethweni lokufikelela kwiirekhodi zikarhulumente. EUnited States, iFreedom of Information Act (FOIA) kumgangatho wesizwe kunye nemithetho efanayo evulekileyo kwiphondo ngalinye imisela umgaqo wokuba iirekhodi zikarhulumente zibe zezasekuhlaleni kwaye zifanele zifikeleleke ngaphandle kweemeko ezikhethekileyo nezilinganiselweyo.

I-FOIA ivumela nawuphi na umntu ukuba acele ukufikelela kwiirekhodi zombutho wesizwe. Iinkonzo kufuneka ziphendule ngaphakathi kwezakhelo zexesha ezicacisiweyo kwaye zingayinqanda kuphela inkcazelo ebekwe phantsi kwentelekelelo ekhethekileyo, enjengenkcazelo yokhuseleko yesizwe eyahlulelweyo, imicimbi yobuqu, okanye uphando oluqhubekayo lomthetho onyanzelekileyo. Imithetho evula iirekhodi iyahluka kwiinkcazo zazo kodwa ilandela imigaqo efanayo.

Xa unikezela ngeFOIA okanye isicelo esivulekileyo, yiba ngongqale kangangoko kunokwenzeka malunga namaxwebhu ofunayo. Quka nemihla, amagama, izihloko, kunye neentlobo zoxwebhu. Ngoku abameli abaninzi bamkela izicelo nge-intanethi, benza inkqubo ifikeleleke ngakumbi kunangaphambili. Ukuba isicelo sakho asivunywanga, unelungelo lokubhenela kwisigqibo, kwaye, ukuba kuyimfuneko, funa uhlolo lwenkundla.

Vula Imithetho Yentlanganiso

Ukubonisa gca kwisigqibo sikarhulumente kufuna kungekuphela nje ufikelelo kwiirekhodi kodwa kwanobuchule bokuqwalasela ucwangciso kunye neevoti. Ukuvula imithetho yentlanganiso, maxa wambi ebizwa ngokuba yi "imithetho ekhazimlayo," kufuna ukuba amaqumrhu karhulumente aqhube ishishini elisemthethweni ezintlanganisweni avulekileyo kuwonke-wonke.

Le mithetho ifuna isaziso sangaphambili seentlanganiso, iincwadi ezipapashiweyo namathuba okugqabaza esidlangalaleni. Nangona iimfuno ezithile zingafani ngokwamagunya, umgaqo osisiseko uhlala uhleli: uluntu lunelungelo lokubona indlela abameli balo abazenzela ngayo izigqibo.

Iimvume zokuvula iimfuno zentlanganiso zidla ngokuquka imicimbi yabasebenzi, ubuchule bokukhupha ityala, kunye nemiba ethile yokhuseleko. Kodwa, kwanaxa iziqu zidibana kwintlanganiso evaliweyo ngenxa yezizathu ezivunyelweyo, kufuneka zivakalise ekuhleni ukuba zikwenza oko kwaye zicaphula ukukhululeka okukhethekileyo okusemthethweni okusebenzayo.

Ukugqabaza Kubantu Bonke Nokuthabatha Inxaxheba Kumalungelo

Ngaphandle kokuqwalasela nje imicimbi karhulumente, abemi banelungelo elisemthethweni lokuthatha inxaxheba kwiinkqubo ezininzi zokwenza izigqibo. Amaxesha okugqabaza kukawonke-wonke avumela abemi ukuba banikele igalelo kwimigaqo, imigaqo, kunye neeprojekthi ngaphambi kokuba bagqibe.

Kumgangatho karhulumente, uMthendeleko woLawulo ufuna ukuba abameli bapapashe imithetho ecetyiweyo baze bamkele amagqabaza kawonke-wonke ngaphambi kokuba bayigqibe. Ii-ofisi kufuneka zihlole zize ziqwalasele la magqabaza, kwaye amagqabaza angaphantsi anokukhokelela kwiinguqu eziphawulekayo kwimimiselo ecetyisiweyo. Iinkqubo ezifanayo zikho kurhulumente nakumazwe asekuhlaleni ukwenzela iindidi ezahlukeneyo zezenzo zikarhulumente.

Amaqumrhu amaninzi karhulumente asekuhlaleni anika amagqabaza esidlangalaleni kwiintlanganiso ezithe rhoqo, evumela abemi ukuba bathethe namagosa ngemibandela exhalabisayo. Ukuqonda imithetho elawula amagqabaza kawonke-wonke (iquka imiqathango yexesha, iimfuno zokubhalisa, kunye nemiqathango ephantsi kwemibandela) kukunceda ukuba uwasebenzise kakuhle la mathuba.

Ukufumana nokufikelela ulwazi lukarhulumente

IiWebhsayithi neMazibuko kaRhulumente oMmandla

Iminyaka yezobugcisa iye yaguqula indlela yokufumana ulwazi lukarhulumente. Inkoliso yamaqumrhu karhulumente agcina iiwebhsayithi ezisebenza njengendawo ephakathi yokufumana amaxwebhu, ugcino-lwazi, kunye nezibhengezo. Ukufunda ukusebenzisa ezi zinto kakuhle kubalulekile ukuze ujonge kakuhle.

Kumgangatho wesizwe, USA.gov isebenza njengendawo yokhupho kulwazi lukarhulumente neenkonzo. Amasebe ngamanye agcina iiwebhsayithi zawo ngemigangatho eyahlukeneyo yobuhlobo bomsebenzisi kunye nokuzalana. Jonga amacandelo abhalwe "Mayela," "Iingxelo," "Indawo ye-Data" okanye "Ulwazi Lolwazi Lobukholikelele" ukufumana izinto ezingaphantsi kwento.

Iiwebhsayithi zikarhulumente nezoluntu ziyahluka-hluka kakhulu kumgangatho kunye nokulungelelana. Amaziko amakhulu anika ubuncwane obuntsonkothileyo kwi-intanethi, kuquka ii-database ezisemgangathweni, iinkcitho, kunye nemvume. Oomasipala abancinane basenokuba neewebhsayithi ezisisiseko, kodwa ezi zidla ngokunikezela ngemimiselo yeentlanganiso, imizuzu, kunye nolwazi lokuqhagamshelana kwamagosa.

Oorhulumente abaninzi ngoku bapapasha iingxelo zedata ezinika ugcino-lwazi olufundeka ngomatshini kuzo zonke izinto, ukususela kumanani olwaphulo-mthetho ukuya kumgangatho wogcino-lwazi lwezibonelelo.

Amaxwebhu ohlahlo-lwabiwo-mali

Ukulandela le mali yenye yezona ndlela zityhilayo zokuqonda izinto eziza kuqala kurhulumente kunye nemisebenzi. Uqingqo-mali lukarhulumente ngamaxwebhu kawonke-wonke achaza indlela eqokelelwa ngayo irhafu nesetyenziswa ngayo. Ngoxa amaxwebhu oqingqo-mali esenokuba maninzi kwaye asebenzise ubuchule, anika ingqiqo exabisekileyo ngoko urhulumente akwenzayo ngokwenene kuphikisana noko ayithethayo.

Urhulumente omninzi upapasha uqingqo-mali olucetyisiweyo ngaphambi kokuba lumkelwe, ukuvumela abemi ukuba bahlole baze bagqabaze ngokusebenzisa izinto eziza kuqala. Uqingqo-mali olungeniswayo luye luba yinkqubo esemthethweni yokusebenzisa imali karhulumente kulo nyaka wemali. Imithetho emininzi ipapashe iingxelo zoqingqo-mali zombini kunye neengxelo zemali zonyaka ezibonisa iingeniso zokwenene nenkcitho eqingqiweyo.

Jonga ngaphaya kwephepha lesishwankathelo ukufumana uqingqo-mali lwento yomgca olubonisa ukuchithwa kwemali kwisebe nakumgangatho wenkqubo. Ezinkcukacha zityhila ukuba zingakanani ezichithwa kwiinkonzo ezithile, kwizivumelwano, nakumsebenzi. Ukuthelekisa uqingqo-mali kwiminyaka emininzi kunceda ukuchaza intsingiselo kunye notshintsho kwizinto eziza kuqala.

Uphicotho-zincwadi lwemali, oludla ngokuqhutywa ngabaphicothi-zincwadi abazimeleyo okanye ii-ofisi zikarhulumente, lunika omnye umthombo obalulekileyo wenkcazelo. Imiphicotho-zincwadi ihlolisisa enoba imali isetyenziswe ngokusemthethweni nangokufanelekileyo, kwaye ngokufuthi ichaza inkunkuma, ubuqhetseba, okanye ukungaphathwa kakuhle.

Ukuhamba Ngeminyaka Kweentlanganiso, Kwemizuzu Noovimba Bevidiyo

Amaqumrhu karhulumente aqhuba ishishini lawo elininzi kwiintlanganiso zasesidlangalaleni, kwaye iingxelo zezi ntlanganiso zinikela ingxelo eneenkcukacha yokwenza izigqibo zikarhulumente. Iingxubusho zentlanganiso, ezipapashwa kusengaphambili, zichaza imixholo eza kuxutyushwa kunye nezenzo ezinokuthathwa. Uhlolo lukunceda ukuba uqonde iintlanganiso ezifanelekileyo okanye ukujongwa.

Imizuzu yentlanganiso inikela ingxelo esemthethweni yoko kwenzekayo, kuquka ukuthabatha iintshukumo, ukuvota, neengongoma ezingundoqo zengxoxo. Ngoxa imizuzu ingafani, isebenza njengengxelo esisigxina yezenzo zikarhulumente yaye inokuba luncedo ekulandeleni indlela izigqibo ezaguquka ngayo ekuhambeni kwexesha.

Ngokuya kusanda, iirekhodi zequmrhu likarhulumente nevidiyo egciniweyo yeentlanganiso zalo, nto leyo eyenza kube lula ukubukela iingcebiso ezikude okanye ukuzihlola emva kwesibakala. Oovimba bevidiyo bakuvumela ukuba uqwalasele kungekuphela nje oko kugqitywe kodwa indlela amagosa axubusha ngayo imibandela, abathetha ngokuxhasa okanye ngokuchasa, kwanombandela oye waphakanyiswa.

Iinkqubo zokufumana umgaqo-nkqubo

Ukujonga umthetho ocetyisiweyo kufuna izixhobo ezikunceda ulandelela iindleko njengoko zihamba kwinkqubo yowiso-mthetho. Kumgangatho wesizwe, .Gov unika iinkcukacha ezibanzi kuwo onke amagunya esizwe, kuquka umbhalo wesibhengezo, imeko, abaxhasi, izabelo zeekomiti, neerekhodi zokuvota.

Inkoliso yezindlu zowiso-mthetho zikarhulumente zigcina iinkqubo ezifanayo kwi Internet ukwenzela ukulandelela umthetho wezwe. Ezi nkqubo zikuvumela ukuba uphengulule amatyala ngenani, igama eliyintloko, isixhasi, okanye umcimbi wetyala. Ezininzi zinika izilumkiso ze email ezazisa wena xa ufumana ityala elilandelayo zicwangciselwe ukuva okanye ukuvota.

Ukuqonda inkqubo yowiso-mthetho kuyakunceda ukutolika inkcazelo yokufumana irekhodi. IiBhili kufuneka zidlule ngohlolo lwekomiti, iivoti zomgangatho kumagumbi omabini, kunye nemvume yegunya. Iqonga ngalinye linika amathuba okungeniswa nokuphembelela abemi. Iinkqubo zokukhangela zikubonisa apho amatyala akwinkqubo naziphi na izenzo ezilindeleyo.

IiDatabase zoLawulo kunye neBhayisho yoManyano

Ngoxa umthetho umisela isiseko senyathelo likarhulumente, imimiselo izalisa iinkcukacha zendlela ekwenziwa ngayo imithetho. Amasebe omanyano apapasha imimiselo ecetyisiweyo neyokugqibela kwiFederal Register, impapasho esemthethweni yemihla ngemihla yezenzo zikarhulumente. IFederal Register ayiquki nje imimiselo kodwa ikwaquka imiyalelo yegunya, izibhengezo zoorhulumente, namanye amaxwebhu asemthethweni.

I-website inika umimiselo.gov ujongano lomsebenzisi wokufumana nokugqabaza kwimimiselo karhulumente ecetyiweyo. Ungaphengulula ngombutho, isihloko, okanye igama eliyintloko, uze unikezele amagqabaza ngqo nge-website. Le ndawo ikwabonisa amagqabaza abekwe ngabanye, ikuvumela ukubona inkxalabo yabanye abemi nemibutho ephakanyiswayo.

Urhulumente kunye noorhulumente basekuhlaleni baneenkqubo zabo zokuyila imimiselo, nangona ezi zisenokuba zingekho zinzibeni kunenkqubo karhulumente. Khangela abameli abathile okanye ikhowudi yolawulo karhulumente wakho ukuze ufumane imimiselo enxulumene nemithetho kunye neenkqubo zokwenza imithetho.

Ukuya Nokuba Nenxaxheba Kwiintlanganiso Zesidlangalala

Ukufumana Iicwangciso Zeentlanganiso Nezakudala

Iintlanganiso zikawonke-wonke zilapho ushishino lukarhulumente luqhubeka khona ngexesha lokwenene, yaye ukuya kuzo kunika ingqiqo engenakudluliselwa ngamaxwebhu kuphela. Inyathelo lokuqala kukuchaza ukuba ziziphi iintlanganiso ezinxulumene nezilangazelelo zakho nexesha ezibakho ngalo.

Amaqumrhu amaninzi karhulumente agcina iintlanganiso ezithe rhoqo zentlanganiso zebhunga lesixeko ngenyanga, iintlanganiso zokucwangcisa iintlanganiso zeveki ngeeveki. Ezi cwangciso zidla ngokupapashwa kwii-website zikarhulumente, ngokufuthi zineempawu zekhalenda ezikuvumela ukuba uvume ukuhlaziya.

Ii-generances zidla ngokubekwa iintsuku eziliqela ngaphambi kwentlanganiso, njengoko kufuneka yimithetho evulekileyo. Amaxesha okukhula achaza imixholo ezakuxutyushwa kunye nezenzo eziza kuqwalaselwa. Iingxubusho zobulumko zokwazi izinto ezinomdla. Udweliso lwezicwangciso luquka amaxwebhu axhasayo --staff, iingxelo zemithetho ecetyisiweyo, ii-actal, okanye izifundo ezinika ulwazi lwemvelaphi kwizinto ezicwangcisiweyo.

Iintlanganiso ezikhethekileyo okanye iintlanganiso zongxamiseko zingabizwa ngamaxesha amafutshane esaziso. Silela ukulumkisa nge-imeyili okanye landela iingxelo zentlalo-ntle yoluntu zikarhulumente ukuqinisekisa ukuba awuphoswa ziintlanganiso ezibalulekileyo.

Ukulungiselela Ukuba Nenxaxheba Ngokuphumelelayo

Kubalulekile ukuya kwintlanganiso, kodwa igalelo elinempumelelo lifuna ukulungiselela. Qala ngokuqwalasela ngenyameko ucwangciso kwakunye naziphi na izinto zokuxhasa. Hlola imvelaphi yemibandela ekubangela umdla, kuquka izenzo zangaphambili ezithathiweyo, imithetho okanye imigaqo-nkqubo enxulumeneyo, kunye nezikhundla ezigcinwe ngabagcini-matyala abahlukeneyo.

Ukuba uceba ukuthetha ngexesha lokugqabaza, lungiselela iintetho zakho kusengaphambili. Amaxesha amaninzi okugqabaza kukawonke-wonke abeka imida yexesha, eqheleke ukusuka kwimizuzu emibini ukuya kwemihlanu kwisithethi ngasinye. Bhala iingongoma zakho ezingundoqo kwaye ziqhelise ukuzinika ngexesha elimisiweyo. Gxininisa kwinkxalabo ezicacileyo okanye iingcebiso kunezikhalazo nje.

Zisa iikopi zamaxwebhu ofuna ukubhekisa okanye ukusasaza kumagosa. Ukuba unika ugcino-lwazi okanye ubungqina, yicwangcise ngokucacileyo kwaye ucaphule imvelaphi yakho. Qwalasela ukudibanisa nabanye abathetha ngenkxalabo yakho ukunikela umyalezo odityanisiweyo ngaphandle kokuphinda-phinda.

Imithetho ne-Etiquette yeNkcazelo yoLuntu

Amaxesha okuphendula kukawonke-wonke alawulwa yimithetho eyenzelwe ukuqinisekisa imicimbi ecwangcisiweyo ngoxa ikhusela ukuthetha ngokukhululekileyo. Ukuqonda nokulandela le mithetho kwenza ukuba uthabathe inxaxheba kwakho kube luncedo ngakumbi kwaye kubonisa intlonelo ngenkqubo.

Imithetho eqhelekileyo iquka imida yexesha kwisikhulumi ngasinye, iimfuno zokuchaza igama lakho nedilesi, kunye nemiqathango ethetha namanye amalungu abaphulaphuli kunokuba anikwe amagosa. Ezinye iziqu zifuna imiqondiso ephambili ukuze zithethe, ngelixesha ezinye zivuma izithethi kwingeniso yokuqala, ezibekwe kuqala ngethuba lentlanganiso.

Ukuhlaselana, ukuthuka okanye ukuziphatha okubi kunokukubangela ukuba ungabikho kwiintlanganiso yaye kusenokusiphazamisa isigidimi sakho.

Khumbula ukuba uthetha esidlangalaleni ngethuba lokuxelela amagosa uze uchaze imbilini yakho.

Ukuqwalasela Nokubhala

Nokuba awuthethi, ukuya kwiintlanganiso njengomqwalaseli kufeza iinjongo ezibalulekileyo. Ubukho bakho kumagosa ukuba abemi banikel ’ ingqalelo. Ukuqwalasela iintlanganiso kwixesha elidlulileyo kukunceda uqonde amandla phakathi kwamagosa, uchonge imilinganiselo yokwenza izigqibo, kwaye uqonde xa izenzo ziphambuka kwiinkqubo eziqhelekileyo.

Phawula ukuba ngubani othetha ngokuxhasa okanye ngokuchasa amanyathelo ahlukahlukeneyo kunye neempikiswano abazenzayo. Ukuba amagosa athembisa ukwenza izenzo ezithile okanye ukunikela inkcazelo, bhala phantsi ezi zivumelwano ukuze ulandele.

Inkoliso yamazwe avumela abemi ukuba babhale iintlanganiso zikawonke-wonke besebenzisa isandi okanye izixhobo zevidiyo, nangona ezinye zimisela imiqathango esengqiqweni ekufakweni kwezixhobo ukuze ziphephe ukuphazamisa imicimbi. Khangela imithetho yasekuhlaleni ngaphambi kokuzisa izixhobo zokushicilela. Nokuba awuzibhali ngokwakho iintlanganiso, iirekhodi ezisemthethweni okanye imizuzu inikela uxwebhu oza kuluchaza kamva.

Ukusebenzisana Ngokungqalileyo Namagosa Karhulumente

Ukubona Amagosa Afanelekileyo Okunxibelelana

Ukuganana okuphumelelayo kufuna ukuba ubonise inkxalabo yakho kumagosa anegunya nembopheleleko yokuthetha nawo.

Qalisa ngokugqiba ukuba yeliphi iqondo likarhulumente elinegunya kuwe. Ingaba ngumbandela worhulumente, wesizwe okanye wobulali? Kumgangatho ofanelekileyo, chaza umbutho othile, isebe, okanye iiwebhsayithi zikarhulumente ezisemthethweni.

Kumagosa anyuliweyo, gqiba ukuba ngubani omele wena ngokwedilesi yakho. Usenokuba nabameli abaninzi kumgangatho ngamnye karhulumente(8) abameli borhulumente, abalawuli bequmrhu lesizwe, amalungu ebhunga lesixeko, ookhomishinari bephondo. Gxila kumagosa amele isithili okanye igunya lakho.

Ukubhala Iileta Nee-imeyili

Uthungelwano olubhaliweyo namagosa ludala ingxelo ebhaliweyo yenkxalabo yakho kwaye lukuvumela ukuba unike inkcazelo nempikiswano ezineenkcukacha. Enoba uthumela ileta yesithethe okanye i-imeyili, imigaqo ethile yenza unxibelelwano lwakho lube nempumelelo ngakumbi.

Uqala ngokuchaza kakuhle injongo yakho kwisiqendu sokuqala. Ngaba ubonakalisa inkxaso okanye inkcaso kwimali ethile, inkqubo okanye inyathelo elithile? Ngaba ucela inkcazelo okanye uncedo? Ngaba unikela ingxelo yengxaki? Yenza okanye cela ngokungqalileyo ukususela ekuqaleni.

Nika iinkcukacha ezingqalileyo ezinceda umphathi-mikhosi aqonde kwaye enze kwinkxalabo yakho. Quka imihla enxulumene nemeko, iindawo, amagama, kunye namanani okubhekisa. Ukuba ubhala malunga nomthetho, shwankathela inani lemali. Ukuba uthetha kwinkupho yobulali, nikeza idilesi echanileyo okanye indawo.

Amabali obuqu nemizekelo ecacileyo idla ngokukholisa kuneengxoxo ezingekho ngqiqweni.

Gcina unxibelelwano lwakho lufutshane kwaye lugxininise. Abasemagunyeni nabasebenzi babo baphatha imiqulu emikhulu yeposi, ngoko ke imiyalezo efikelela kwinqanaba ngokukhawuleza ilula ukufumana ingqalelo. Iphepha elinye okanye ezimbini ziqhele ukuba zanele kwimibandela emininzi.

Nqakraza kwisicelo esicacileyo senyathelo okanye impendulo. Ingaba ufuna igosa livote indlela ethile? Lungisa ingxaki? Ukunika ulwazi? Ukwenza isiphumo osinqwenelayo kunceda umphathi akwazi ukuphendula.

Ukutsalelana Iminxeba Neeofisi

Iminxeba kunye nokutyelela inika unxibelelwano olukhawulezileyo nolusebenzisanayo kunezo zibhaliweyo. Iminxeba yefowuni isebenza kakhulu kwimiba e caphuka ngexesha okanye xa ufuna ukuvavanya indawo yegosa kumbandela othile.

Xa ubiza iofisi yegosa, uza kuthetha nelungu labasebenzi kunokuba uthethe negosa elisemthethweni ngqo. Musa ukudimazeka. /amalungu asebenzayo adlala iindima ezibalulekileyo ekuxeleleni amagosa ngemibandela edibeneyo kwaye ngokufuthi anempembelelo ephawulekayo kwizikhundla zomthetho. Phatha abasebenzi ngentlonelo enye nenkcubeko obuya kuyibonisa igosa.

Lungiselela umnxeba wakho ngokubhala phantsi iingongoma zakho ezingundoqo. Igama lakho liqinisekise ukuba ungumxhasi, kwaye uchaze inkxalabo yakho nendawo yakho. Buza ukuba igosa lithathe indawo kule mbambano kwaye, ukuba kufanelekile, licele ukuba lixhase ukuma kwakho. Gcina ubizo lwakho lufutshane/imizuzu embalwa iqhele ukuba yanele.

Kwintlanganiso eqhutywa ngamagosa okanye nabasebenzi babo banika ithuba elipheleleyo lokuganana. Amagosa amaninzi anyuliweyo ahlala ekwiyure ze-ofisi okanye iintlanganiso. Kucelwa ukuba amiselwe kusengaphambili, achaze umba ofuna ukuxubusha ngawo. Lungela intlanganiso ngendlela oya kuyilungiselela ngayo intlanganiso yezoshishino, uzise nawaphi na amaxwebhu okanye izixhobo eziyimfuneko.

Ukuya KwiiHolo Zedolophana Neziganeko Ezibangel ’ Iintloni

Iintlanganiso zeholo yedolophana kunye neziganeko ezifanayo zinika amathuba okuva amagosa nokubuza imibuzo kwindawo kawonke-wonke. Ezi ziganeko zahluka-hlukene ngendlela elungiselelwe ngayo `iintlanganiso zokuphulaphula ngokungacwangciswanga, ezinye zilungelelaniswe ngentetho elandelwa yi-Q&A, kwaye ezinye zivuleleke apho abaququzeleli banokuphakamisa nayiphi na imibandela.

Fika kwangoko ukuze utyikitye ukuze uthethe ukuba kukho uluhlu lwesithethi. Lungisa umbuzo ofutshane okanye gqabaza oluthetha ngomba othile. Iiholo zedolophana zidla ngokutsala abantu abaninzi, ngoko ke usenokuba nexesha elilinganiselweyo lokuthetha. Jolisa ekubuzeni imibuzo ecacileyo efuna iimpendulo ezincinci kunokuba wenze amanqaku amade.

Phulaphula ngenyameko indlela abaphendula ngayo abasemagunyeni kwimibuzo yakho nabanye. Iimpendulo zabo zityhila izikhundla zabo, izinto eziza kuqala, nokuqiqa. Phawula naziphi na izibopho abazenzayo okanye inkcazelo abathembisa ukuyenza, uze ulandele ukuba abanikeli.

Iiholo zedolophana zinika amathuba okunxibelelana nabanye abemi abathenjiweyo. Usenokufumana abamelwane abathetha ngeengxaki zakho okanye abafunda ngezinto obungaziqondiyo ngaphambili. Ukwakha ulwalamano nabanye abemi abakhutheleyo kungakhokelela kwisenzo esisebenzayo esisebenza ngakumbi.

Ukusebenzisa Ubuxhakaxhaka kunye nezixhobo zamanani

Izicwangciso zokubonisa ngaphaya korhulumente

Ubugcisa buye bandisa ngokuphawulekayo izixhobo ezikhoyo zokuhlola urhulumente. Iiqonga ezininzi zenze ukuba ifunyanwe kwaye ingakwazi ukuphengululwa. Ezi zixhobo zinokukusindisa kwiiyure ezininzi zophando kwaye zityhile imilinganiselo enokuba nzima ukuyifumana ngesandla.

Ukuchithwa kwemiqonga ecace gca kwemali egciniweyo yezivumelwano zikarhulumente, iinkcitho, kunye neminikelo. Kumgangatho wengingqi, unyuse.gov unika iinkcukacha ezineenkcukacha ngendlela imali echithwa ngayo, kuquka izivumelwano, intlawulo, iimali-mboleko, kunye nentlawulo ezithe ngqo. Ungaphendla ngombutho, umnikeli, indawo, okanye uhlobo lwemali echithwayo.

Amaphondo amaninzi nezixeko ezinkulu ziye zayila iqonga elifanayo lokulandelela urhulumente kunye nenkcitho yasekuhlaleni. Ezi zixhobo zikuvumela ukuba ubone ukuba ngubani ofumana izivumelwano zikarhulumente, zihlawulelwa kangakanani, ziziphi iinkonzo ezizinikelayo. Oku kunceda ukuba kubonakale inkcaso enokwenzeka yomdla, inkcitho echitha imali okanye imodeli yocalulo.

Ii-ccut zogcino-lwazi lomthetho ludlulela ngaphaya kweewebhsayithi zikarhulumente ezisemthethweni ukunikezela ngemisebenzi ephuculiweyo yokuphendla, uhlalutyo, kunye nezilumkiso. Ezinye iinqanaba zisebenzisa ubukrelekrele obungeyoyamvelo ukushwankathela amatyala, ukuchonga umthetho ofanayo, okanye ukuxela kwangaphambili ukuba kunokwenzeka ukuba kudlule. Ngoxa ezinye iimpawu eziphambili zifuna imirhumo, izixhobo ezininzi ezisisiseko zokulandelela zikhona ukuze zifumaneke ngesisa.

Ukujongwa kwenkqubo yoncedo

Amagosa karhulumente kunye namaqumrhu asebenzisa ijelo leeNkcubeko ngokuqhubekayo ukunxibelelana noluntu. Ukulandela iingxelo ezifanelekileyo kwiqonga ezifana neTwitter, iFacebook, neInstagram kungenza uhlaziyo lwexesha lokwenene kwizenzo zikarhulumente, izibhengezo, kunye neziganeko.

Uninzi lwamagosa anyuliweyo asebenzisa amajelo eendaba, aphendule imibuzo namagqabaza. Kodwa ke, khumbula ukuba ukunxibelelana kwezentlalo yoluntu kunguwonke-wonke kwaye kuhlala kuhleli, ngoko ke kuhlala kufana nobugcisa obufanayo obuya kuba bukho kwezinye iindlela zonxibelelwano.

Sebenzisa uphando kunye nezixhobo zokuhlola imicimbi karhulumente okuxhalabisayo. Ii-hashtagne ezinxulumene neenkqubo ezithile, amatyala, okanye iingxoxo zingakunceda ufumane incoko efanelekileyo uze unxulumane nabanye abanxulumene nawe. Noko ke, yiba ngogxekayo inkcazelo exutyushwa kwimithombo yezentlalo uze uqinisekise izibhengezo ezithe zavela kwimithombo esemthethweni ngaphambi kokuba uthathe inyathelo kuyo.

Izilumkiso Ze-imeyili Nenkqubo Yokwazisa

Ukuhlala wazi ngezenzo zikarhulumente kufuna ukugada imithombo emininzi, enokuba kukuqwalasela ixesha. Izilumkiso ze-imeyili kunye neenkqubo zokwazisa ezizizo ezongezelelayo ezininzi zale ntlanganiso, zidlulisela ulwazi olunxulumeneyo ngqo kwibhokisi yakho engaphakathi.

Iiwebhsayithi ezininzi zikarhulumente zinikela iinkonzo zomrhumo we-imeyile ezithumela uhlaziyo malunga neempapasho ezintsha, ucwangciso lweentlanganiso, okanye imixholo ekhethekileyo. Zibophelele ukuba uzilumkise uvela kumasebe nakumagosa anxulumene neemfuno zakho. Iinkqubo zokwalathisa zinika izilumkiso xa iindleko ozilandelayo zicwangciselwe ukwenza okuthile okanye xa iindleko ezintsha zivezwe kwimibandela oyichazayo.

Iinkonzo zohlanganiso lwamaphephandaba kunye no-Google Alerts zingakwazisa xa kuvela amagosa karhulumente athile, abameli okanye iimbambano kwingxelo yeendaba. Beka izilumkiso ngamagama angundoqo anxulumene nemimandla yakho oxhalabisayo ukuqinisekisa ukuba awuphoswa zinkqubela-phambili.

Lungisa izilumkiso zakho ngocoselelo ukuze uphephe ukusetyenziswa kakhulu kwenkcazelo. Qala ngezilumkiso ezimbalwa ezijoliswe kulwazi oza kulwazi olufumanayo kwaye ulungelelanise ngokwesandi nokubaluleka kolwazi olufumanayo. Izilumkiso ezininzi zingakuxabisisa kwaye zikwenze uphoswe ulwazi olubalulekileyo kwingxolo.

Uhlalutyo logcino-lwazi kunye nezixhobo zokubona

Amanyathelo ogcino-lwazi oluvulekileyo karhulumente anika unikezelo kubuninzi bogcino-lwazi oludaliweyo, kodwa ukucacisa olugcino-lwazi kusoloko kufuna izixhobo ezithe ngqo. Iinkqubo zeprogram yesplithi njenge Microsoft Excel okanye iGoogle Amaphepha avumela ukuba uhlele, uhluze, kwaye uhlalutye ii-data zikarhulumente ukuchonga izicwangciso neepateni.

Izixhobo zokwenza ugcino-lwazi lubonelelo zikunceda ukhuphe izinto ngendlela enyanzelisayo, elula ukuyiqonda. Iitshati, iigrafu, kunye neemaphu zingabonisa iipateni ezingacacanga kugcino-lwazi olukrwada kwaye zenza ubuchule bakho bokusebenzisa i-advocace bukho. Izixhobo ezininzi ezikhululekileyo zikhona ukwenza uluvo, ukusuka kwitshati yomatshini okhawulezayo ukuya kuntsonkothileyo iplat.

Ukuba awunabo ubuchule bokwenza uphando ngogcino-lwazi, qwalasela ukuncedisana neeyunivesithi zasekuhlaleni, amaqela obugcisa obusasemzimbeni, okanye imibutho yogcino-lwazi. Uninzi lwala maqela luzimisele ukuncedisana nabemi abathembisileyo kwimisebenzi ekhuthaza ukuphendula kukarhulumente.

Ukusebenza nemibutho yabagadi nabezopolitiko

Amaqela Ajongwa Ngokuchanekileyo

Akuyomfuneko ukuba ujonge urhulumente wedwa. Iintlangano ezininzi ezingafumani ngeniso zijongene nokuvelela korhulumente nokuziphendulela. La maqela ajongileyo asoloko enobuchule, ubuncwane, nokufikelela koko kungena abemi ngabanye, ewenza abe ngamaqabane aluncedo kwimigudu yokuvelela.

Imibutho yesizwe egade iinja ijolise ingqalelo kwimiba karhulumente karhulumente wesizwe. Amaqela afana neprojekthi ye-On Government, Common Create, kunye ne-Sunight Foundation (nangona zingasasebenzi, ubuncwane bayo buhlala buxabisekile) iye yahlola imisebenzi karhulumente kamashumi eminyaka. Le mibutho ipapasha iingxelo, ifayile i-FOIA izicelo, i-ligigate ukunyazisa imithetho yokukhanya, kunye nokuxhasa utshintsho.

Amaqela karhulumente nawengingqi ajonge urhulumente kuloo migangatho. Amazwe amaninzi anamaqela awo ophando ngoluntu, amaqumrhu ahlawula irhafu, okanye imibutho elungileyo yorhulumente. La maqela ayayiqonda imithetho, iinkqubo, kunye neempembelelo zezobupolitika zegunya lawo yaye anokunikela uncedo olujoliswe kuko.

Xa uhlola imibutho egadekileyo, qwalasela ingxelo yayo, imithombo yemali, kunye nokubonakala kwayo ngemisebenzi yayo. Amaqela adumileyo achaza ngokucacileyo umsebenzi wawo, achaze inkxaso yawo, abonise nezinto azenzeleyo ekukhuthazeni ukuphendula kukarhulumente. Lumka ukuba amanye amaqela azichaza njengeenja ezigadileyo asenokuyiqhubela phambili imijelo yawo ejongene neenjongo zawo.

Ukunxibelelana Nabacholacholi - Njeliso

Intatheli eziphandayo zisebenza njengeentatheli zikarhulumente ezinobuchule, zisebenzisa ubuchule bazo kunye nobuncwane bazo ukutyhila ububi nokugcina amagosa ephendule. Ukwakha ulwalamano noondaba kungayikhulisa imigudu yakho yokuvelela kwaye kunikel ’ ingqalelo uluntu kwimibandela oyichazileyo.

Ukuba ufumene ulwazi olubonisa ukungalawuleki koburhulumente, ukulahlwa, okanye ukuxhatshazwa, cinga ngokuqhagamshelana neentatheli ezigquma urhulumente kummandla wakho. Imibutho emininzi yeendaba inika ulwazi lokuqhagamshelana neentatheli nabahleli. Iindawo ezinkulu zokukhupha izicelo zisenokuba zinikezele amaqela aphando okanye iincam.

Xa usondela kwiintatheli, kulungele ukunikela inkcazelo engqalileyo, ebhaliweyo kunokuba inikele izikhalazo eziqhelekileyo okanye ukuqiqa.

Yazi ukuba intatheli kufuneka ziyiqinisekise ngokwazo inkcazelo kwaye zisenokungafuni ncam ziyifumanayo. Zilungelelanisa iinkalo ezininzi ukugqiba ukuba ngawaphi amabali anokugubungela, kuquka ukufaneleka komsebenzi wendaba, ubungqina obukhoyo, kunye nezibonelelo. Ukuba enye intatheli ayinomdla, iqwalasele ukudibana nabanye, kodwa kuphephe ukwaziwa njengomntu okhala ingcuka ngenxa yemibandela emincinane.

Ukuthobela Amacebiso Nobungqina

Xa unobungqina bobubi bukarhulumente, ukwazi indlela yokubhala ngokufanelekileyo nokuyingenisa kubalulekile. Nokuba unika iintatheli, amaqela eenja, okanye amaqumrhu ajongene norhulumente, ukuphatha kakuhle ubungqina kuqinisekisa ukuba kungasetyenziswa ngokunempumelelo.

Uxwebhu lubhalwe kakuhle. Ukuba unikela ingxelo yeengcebiso ezivela kwiintlanganiso okanye kwiincoko, bhala iinothi ezineenkcukacha ngokukhawuleza kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Ukuba unamaphepha aphathekayo okanye awe-elektroniki, yenza imibhalo kwaye ugcine ezokuqala. Kwiirekhodi ze-elektroniki, gcina iifayile kwifomati ezininzi kunye neendawo ukunqanda ukulahleka.

Lungisa ngobuchule ubungqina bakho, wenze ingxelo ecacileyo echaza oko amaxwebhu akubonisayo nokuba kutheni kubalulekile. Beka umongo onceda abamkeli baqonde imvelaphi kunye nentsingiselo yolwazi.

Ukuba uxhalabele ukufihla imfihlo, thetha ngolu nxulumano nabamkeli. Abacholacholi bakhusela imvelaphi efihlakeleyo, kodwa baqonde imida yezi zikhuseli. Kwezinye iimeko, ungakwazi ukunikezela ulwazi olungaziwayo ngemijelo ekhuselekileyo, nangona iincam ezingachazwanga zidla ngokungathenjwanga kakhulu kunenkcazelo egunyaziswayo.

Ukuqonda Ulwalamano Lwamajelo eendaba

Ukuba ulawulo lwakho luvelisa umdla kumaziko eendaba, ukuqonda indlela yokusebenza ngokunempumelelo neentatheli kunceda ekuqinisekiseni ukuba intatheli ithetha kakuhle.

Lungiselela udliwano-ndlebe lwe media ngokuchaza imiyalezo yakho engundoqo +_iincopho ezimbini okanye ezintathu ezibalulekileyo ofuna ukunxibelelana nazo. Ziqhelise ukuchaza ezi ngongoma ngokucacileyo nangokufutshane. Iintatheli zingakuhlela oko ukukuthetha, ngoko yenza iingongoma zakho ezingundoqo ziphelele, zicatshulwe ngokuchanekileyo nokuba zithatyathwe ngaphandle komongo.

Nyaniseka koko ukwaziyo nokungaziyo. Ukuba awunalwazi lokuphendula umbuzo, yithi kunokuba uqagele. Cela ukufumana inkcazelo uze ulandele, kwenze oko ngokukhawuleza.

Khumbula ukuba xa uthetha nentatheli, ngokuqhelekileyo awunakuyilawula indlela osebenza ngayo amagqabaza akho. Masithi nantoni na oyifunayo isenokupapashwa okanye isasazwe. Ukuba ufuna ukunikezela ngenkcazelo engokwemvelaphi ngaphandle kokucatshulwa, xoxa nentatheli ngaphambi kokuba wabelane ngenkcazelo kwaye uvume ukuba ayiyivali.

Ukulungiselela Imigudu Yokunceda Uluntu

Ukwakha Inethwekhi yenja egadayo

Ukulungiselela ukuba umntu ngamnye ajonge urhulumente, kodwa ukulungiselela ilungiselelo elithile kudla ngokuphumelela ngakumbi.

Qalisa ngokuchonga abanye abakhathalelayo kwimiba ojonge kuyo. Ungadibana nabo kwiintlanganiso zikawonke-wonke, nge-media, okanye ngemibutho ekhoyo yasekuhlaleni. Zama ukuvavanya umdla wabo kwimigudu yolawulo engakumbi.

Lungisa iintlanganiso ezithe rhoqo apho iqela lakho linokwabelana ngolwazi, ulungelelaniso lwemisebenzi yokuhlola, kunye nokucwangcisa iindlela zokusebenzisa iziyobisi. Yahlula iimbopheleleko ezisekelwe kwiminqweno nakubuchule bamalungu, --okanye ungajolisa ingqalelo ekuyeni kwiintlanganiso, abanye ekuhlalutyeni uqingqo-mali, abanye kwimibutho yamajelo eendaba.

Ukuzama ukuqwalasela yonke into eyenziwa ngurhulumente ebangela ukuba udinwe engqondweni nasemzimbeni, ujonge izinto ezithile, imibutho okanye izigqibo onokuzikhetha ngendlela eluncedo.

Yenza iinkqubo zokwabelana ngolwazi kwiqela lakho. Oku kungaquka uluhlu lwe email, uxwebhu olwabelweneyo, okanye uxwebhu olushwankathela inkqubela phambili yakutshanje. Uthungelwano lwangaphakathi olulungileyo luqinisekisa onke amalungu ahlala esazi kakuhle kwaye anganikela ngokunempumelelo.

Ukuqhuba Imfundo Yasekuhlaleni

Ulawulo oluphumelelayo lufuna abemi abanolwazi.

Iziganeko zemfundo ezifundisa abemi indlela yokufumana ulwazi lukarhulumente, yokuya kwiintlanganiso, nokuqhagamshelana namagosa. Iindlu zomsebenzi ngemixholo efana nethi "Ukuqonda Uhlaziyo LwesiXeko Senu" okanye "Indlela Yokufaka Isicelo Se-FOIA" zinika abanye amandla okuqhuba ulawulo lwabo.

Yenza izinto zokufundisa ezifikelelekayo(_iphepha lesakhono, iisikhokelo, okanye iividiyo ) ezichaza iinkqubo zikarhulumente ezintsonkothileyo ngolwimi olucacileyo. Yenza ezi zinto zifumaneke kwi-intanethi nakwimimandla esekuhlaleni njengethala leencwadi, iindawo zoluntu, kunye neendawo zonqulo.

Sebenzisa amaphephandaba oluntu nawezentlalo ukuxelelana ngezigqibo zikarhulumente ezizayo, ucwangciso lweentlanganiso namathuba okufumana ulwazi lukawonke-wonke. Abemi abaninzi bafuna ukuthelekisa kodwa abayazi ukuba baza kuba nenxaxheba njani okanye nini.

Ukuzama Ukuxhasa Ulawulo

Xa uvelela kwakho kutyhila iingxaki ezifuna ukuba urhulumente alungise, amaphulo okuhlasela anokunyanzela amagosa ukuba aphendule.

Qalisa ngokuchaza ngokucacileyo usukelo lwakho. Liliphi inyathelo elikhethekileyo ofuna urhulumente alithabathe? Okukhona usukelo lwakho lunokufumaneka, kokukhona uphumelela. "Yehlisa ukuchitha inkcitho" ayicacanga kakhulu; "Fakela isivumelwano semali ezizigidi ezingama-$2 kwi-XYZ ngenxa yokungasebenzi kakuhle" sichaziwe kwaye sinokwenziwa.

Yazi abenzi besigqibo abanegunya lokukunika isicelo sakho kunye neengongoma zoxinzelelo ezinokubaphembelela. Ingaba baza kuphendula koonobumba abakhoyo? Ukhupho lomajelo? Ukuvuleka kwiintlanganiso zikawonke-wonke? Izakhelo zeqhinga lakho ziphumele iphulo ngokokuvumelana.

Yakha umanyano olubanzi lokuxhasa. Okukhona udibana ngamaqela ngamaqela — kuquka abantu abasuka kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo, iimvelaphi neembono ezahlukahlukeneyo zezobupolitika — kokukhona kunzima ngamagosa ukukubetha ngoyaba ukucinga ukuba unomdla okhethekileyo.

Lungisa imiyalezo ecacileyo nengaguquguqukiyo echaza ingxaki, isisombululo esicetyiweyo, nesizathu sokuba ibalulekile kuluntu. Abathathi-nxaxheba abaqeqeshi ukuhambisa ezi zigidimi ngempumelelo kwiintlanganiso ezahlukeneyo

Yenza amathuba okuba nenxaxheba kuwonke wonke. Asinguye wonke umntu okwazi ukuya kwiintlanganiso okanye ukubhala iileta, kodwa abantu abaninzi bazakutyikitya izibongozo, babelane ngemiboniso ye-intanethi, okanye babonise imiqondiso yeyadi. Yenza kube lula ngabaxhasi ukuba benze into nangawuphi na umkhamo abanokuyifaka kuwo.

Ukuxhasa Ubungqina Bexesha elide

Ulawulo lukarhulumente asilophulo lokugqibela kodwa luzibophelelelo oluqhubekayo. Ukuxhasa izibophelelo kudinga iindlela zokuthintela ukudinwa engqondweni nasemzimbeni xa inkqubela ibonakala ithe chu.

Xa imigudu yakho yokuvelela iphelise iinguqulelo ezifanelekileyo, inkqubo eguquliweyo, inkcazelo etyhiliweyo(ukuvuma nokuzibhengeza ezi mpumelelo. IiVictoris zinika abathathi-nxaxheba amandla zibonise ukuba ukuvelela kwenza umahluko.

Jikelezisa iimbopheleleko zokuthintela ukudinwa engqondweni nasemzimbeni. Ukuba bambalwa abantu abasoloko besenza unyuko olunzima, ekugqibeleni bazakuzidinisa ngokwabo. Zisungulele iinkokeli ezintsha kwaye zabele imisebenzi ebanzi kwiqela lakho.

Yenza inxaxheba ivuyise ngaphezu kokufikelela nje kwiinjongo zenkqubo. Unxulumano noluntu, amathuba okufunda, nolwaneliseko lokunikela ngoluntu konke kukhuthaza ukuganana okuqhubekayo. Yenza isithuba sokwakha ulwalamano uze uqaphele iminikelo yamalungu.

Hlala ujolise kumsebenzi wakho ongundoqo lo gama uhlala ubhetyebhetye malunga namaqhinga. Urhulumente kunye neemeko zobupolitika ziyatshintsha, zifuna uqhelaniso kwindlela ohamba ngayo. Ukujonga rhoqo oko kusebenzayo noko kungakuncedi ulungise iindlela zokwenza izinto ngoxa ugcina imbopheleleko yakho kusukelo lwakho olusisiseko.

Ukuqonda Nokuxela Ukuziphatha Okuphosakeleyo

Iindlela Eziqhelekileyo Zokuziphatha Okubi Kurhulumente

Ulwalathiso olunempumelelo lufuna ukuqonda oko umele ukukujonge. Ihambo engafanelekanga yorhulumente ibandakanya iintlobo ezininzi, ukusuka kurhwaphilizo olucacileyo ukuya kungquzulwano oluchuliweyo lomdla. Ukuqonda iiflegi ezibomvu kukunceda uqonde iimeko ezifuna ukuqwalaselwa ngokusondeleyo.

Ukuqhatha nokunyoba kubandakanya amagosa asebenzisa iindawo zawo ukuze afumane inzuzo yobuqu, mhlawumbi ngokwamkela izicengo, ngokurhwebelana ngemali, okanye ngokuqhuba izivumelwano kwiinkampani ezinika impepho. Imiqondiso yesilumkiso iquka amagosa aphila ngaphaya kwendlela yawo, imilinganiselo engaqhelekanga kwisivumelwano, okanye izigqibo ezibonakala zinceda abantu abathile okanye iinkampani ngaphandle kobulungisa obucacileyo.

[[FLT: 0] Ukuthumba kunye nokuphatha kakubi kubandakanya ukungasebenzi kakuhle okanye ukungancedi nto kubuncwane bukawonke-wonke. Oku kungaquka ukuhlawula amaxabiso aphezulu ngezinto okanye iinkonzo, ukugcina iinkqubo ezingeyomfuneko, okanye ukungaphumeleli ukugcina izinto zikawonke-wonke ngokufanelekileyo. Ngoxa inkunkuma idla ngokubangelwa kukungafezeki kunokuba nezono, isafanele ukuqwalaselwa nokulungiswa.

Ukusetyenziswa kwegunya kubandakanya amagosa asebenzisa amandla awo ngeendlela ezingaphaya kwegunya lawo elingokwasemthethweni okanye ezichasene namalungelo abemi. Oku kungaquka ukugcinwa ngokukhethekileyo kwemithetho, ukuziphindezelela nxamnye nabagxeki, okanye ukwaphulwa kwentlanganiso yasobala nemithetho kawonke-wonke.

Ukubhala Izinto Ezinokuphazamisa

Ukuba ukrokrela ukungalungi, uxwebhu olucokisekileyo luyimfuneko. Izityholo ze-Vague ngaphandle kobungqina obuxhasayo azikhokelele kwisenzo, ngexa inkxalabo ezibhalwe kakuhle zisenokubangela uphando notshintsho.

Lungisa amaxwebhu anxulumeneyo, kuquka iirekhodi zikarhulumente, izivumelwano, uqingqo-mali, imizuzu yeentlanganiso, kunye neposi. Sebenzisa izicelo zeFOIA ukufumana amaxwebhu angafumanekiyo ekuhleni. Lungisa amaxwebhu ngokobalo lwexesha okanye ngesihloko ukuze wenze ingxelo ecacileyo.

Bhala phantsi iingxelo zakho ngokukhawuleza emva kokuba iziganeko zenzekile. Quka imihla, amaxesha, iindawo, abantu abakhoyo, kunye neenkcazelo ezineenkcukacha zoko wakubonayo. Ukuba abanye bazibona izinto ezifanayo, bacele ukuba babhale iingxelo zabo ezibhaliweyo.

Gcina bonke ubungqina ngocoselelo. Yenza iikopi zamaxwebhu uze uwagcine kwiindawo ezininzi. Kwiirekhodi ze-elektroniki, gcina iifayile kwifomati ezigcina imetadata. Ukuba unobungqina obuphathekayo, bugcine ngokukhuselekileyo kwaye ugcine itsheyina elicacileyo le ntambo yokugcina umntwana.

Kuphephe ukutyhola umntu ongenabungqina. Jonga kwingxelo ebhaliweyo, obekutshiwo, okwenziwe, amaxwebhu abonisa ukuba `````awuthanda' okanye uphakamisile iintshukumisa okanye ugqibe izigqibo ezingomthetho. Bavumele abaphengululi nabasemagunyeni bagqibe ngokusekelwe kubungqina obanikelayo.

Ukunikela Ingxelo Kubasemagunyeni Abafanelekileyo

Xa ubhalile ukuba ungaziphethe kakuhle, yixele kumagunya anamandla okuphanda nokuthatha inyathelo lokulungisa. Iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zehambo engafanelekanga kufuneka zixelwe kwimibutho eyahlukeneyo.

Kulwaphulo-mthetho olufana nokunyoba, ukurhwebelana, okanye ubuqhetseba, kunxibelelwano namaqumrhu agunyazisa umthetho. Kulo rhulumente, oku kusenokuquka iFBI okanye umhloli jikelele wesebe elifanelekileyo. Amazwe anamaziko awo aphandayo, yaye umthetho wasekuhlaleni ulawula ukunganyaniseki kukamasipala.

Kukuphulwa kwemilinganiselo esenokuba ayisosaphuli-mthetho, qhagamshelana neeofisi zemigaqo-mthetho okanye iikomishini. Iingxelo ezininzi noorhulumente abaninzi basekuhlaleni banemigaqo ephanda ukungqubana komdla nezinye iimpazamo ezingokwemilinganiselo entle zamagosa.

Ngemithetho karhulumente evulekileyo, qhagamshelana negqwetha le-ofisi ye-onke-nkene okanye umtshutshisi wasekuhlaleni. Iingingqi ezininzi zinenkqubo ezikhethekileyo zokumisa imithetho yokumisa intlanganiso ekuhleni nemithetho kawonke-wonke.

Ukusetyenziswa kwenkunkuma nokungasetyenziswa kakuhle, nxibelelana neeofisi zophicotho-zincwadi okanye abahloli jikelele. Ezi ofisi ziqhuba uphando kunye nophicotho-zincwadi lwemisebenzi karhulumente kwaye zingancomela izenzo zokulungisa.

Xa ufaka isikhalazo, chaza isishwankathelo esicacileyo nesilungelelanisiweyo sokuziphatha okubi kunye nesiqinisekiso esixhasayo. Chaza isizathu sokuba ukholelwa ukuba oku kuchasene nemithetho ethile okanye imimiselo ethile. Quka inkcazelo yakho yefowuni ukuze abaphandi bafumane imibuzo.

Ukukhusela Abavuthuzi Beentaka

Ukuba ungumqeshwa karhulumente obona ukuziphatha okubi, ungakhuselwa ngemithetho yokudubula ethintela ukuziphindezelela ngokuxela ububi. Imithetho yokhuselo lombane nolokubetha umlozi iyahluka kwintengiso nenkqubo zabo, kodwa idla ngokukhusela abasebenzi abanikela ingxelo yokwaphulwa komthetho, ukusetyenziswa kakubi, inkunkuma, okanye iingozi kwimpilo yoluntu nokhuseleko.

Phambi kokuxela ukuziphatha okubi njengomqeshwa karhulumente, ziqhelanise nemithetho yokukhusela impempe nenkqubo ezisebenzayo. Iirejista ezininzi zifuna ukuba kwenziwe iingxelo ngemijelo ethile ukuze ufanelekele ukukhuselwa. Qwalasela igqwetha elinolwazi ngeemeko zokubetha impempe ukuze uqonde amalungelo akho kunye neengozi zakho.

Bhala nayiphi na impindezelo oyifumanayo emva kokuxela ukungalungi. Oku kungaquka uvavanyo olungalunganga lwesenzo, ukwenziwa kwakhona, uthotho, okanye ukupheliswa. Imithetho yokhuselo lwemitshini inika unyango kubaqeshwa abafumana impindezelo, kodwa kufuneka ukwazi ukungqina uqhagamshelwano phakathi kokhuselwa kwakho nesenzo esibi.

Ukuqonda Uqingqo - mali Noqoqosho Lwemali

Ukufundwa Nokuhlalutya Uhlahlo-lwabiwo-mali lukaRhulumente

Uqingqo-mali lukarhulumente luphakathi kwamaxwebhu abalulekileyo okujongana nolawulo kuba lubonisa izinto eziza kuqala nezizibophelelekileyo ngokwemali. Ukufunda ukufunda nokuhlolisisa uqingqo-mali kukunceda uqonde oko kwenziwa ngurhulumente ngokwenene kuphikisana noko athe ukwenze.

Iindleko zoqingqo-mali ziquka amaziko amaninzi: iiprojekthi zengeniso yengeniso elindelekileyo kwiirhafu nakweminye imithombo; iingxelo ezichaza ukuba lingakanani isebe ngalinye okanye inkqubo nganye enokulisebenzisa; kunye namacandelo achaza izinto eziza kuqala kunye neentelekelelo. Qala ngoshwankathelo oluphezulu kunye nemiyalezo yoqingqo-mali enika inkcazo, uze ugqobhoze kwimitya yemiba efuna umdla.

Thelekisa uqingqo-mali olucetyiweyo kuqingqo-mali lweminyaka edlulileyo lokuchonga intsingiselo. Ingaba iinkqubo ezithile ziyakhula okanye ziyancipha? Ngaba amanyathelo amatsha axhaswayo? Ngaba imithombo yengeniso iyatshintsha? Uthelekiso lweminyaka emininzi lubonisa iipateni eziphoswa kukuthatha umfanekiso weminyaka enye.

Jonga ngaphaya kwamanani ukuze uqonde oko bakumelayo. Umgca woqingqo-mali we "inkonzo zobuprojekthi" ungaxhasa nantoni na evela kubacebisi ababalulekileyo ukuya kwiisivumelwano ezithandabuzekayo ezinxulumene nezopolitiko. Amaxwebhu axhasayo kunye nokuva koqingqo-mali kusoloko kunika iinkcukacha malunga noko kuya kuqokelelwa.

Ukubeka ingqalelo kwiimeko zoqingqo-mali malunga nengeniso neendleko. Ukuzibekela iliso ingeniso eninzi okanye uqikelelo lwemali olungekho ngqiqweni lungafihla ukuswela kwezakhiwo okanye lubangele ukuba kuncitshiswe iinkonzo ezibalulekileyo. Thelekisa uqikelelo loqingqo-mali kwimikhwa yembali kunye neengxelo ezizimeleyo zezoqoqosho.

Ukufumana imali esetyenziswa ngurhulumente

Uqingqo-mali lugunyazisa ukusetyenziswa kwemali, kodwa iindleko ezizizo zisenokuhluka kumaxabiso oqingqo-mali. Ukukhangela iindleko zokwenene kutyhila enoba urhulumente ulandela uqingqo-mali lwakhe kusini na nokuba imali isetyenziswa njengoko kucetyiwe.

Oorhulumente abaninzi bapapasha iingxelo zemali ezithe rhoqo ezibonisa iingeniso zemali zexesha ngalinye kunye nenkcitho ethelekiswa nemali eqingqiweyo. Ezi ngxelo zikunceda uchonge amasebe axhotyiswe kakhulu okanye athe axhonywa phantsi koqingqo-mali lwawo, nto leyo esenokubonisa iingxaki ngokucwangcisa okanye ukuphunyezwa kocwangciso-mali okanye iinkqubo.

Iingxelo zenkcitho ezizinkcukacha, ezisoloko zifumaneka ngezicelo ze-portage okanye ze-FOIA, zibonisa ukuthengiselwana kwabantu ngabanye, intlawulo kubathengisi, imivuzo yabasebenzi, ukurhoxa. Uhlalutyo lwale ngxelo lungatyhila iipateni ezifana nemali ephindaphindiweyo kubathengisi abafanayo, iimali ezingaqhelekanga, okanye iindleko ezingahambelani neenjongo ezichaziweyo zenkqubo.

Khangela iiflegi ezibomvu xa usebenzisa imilinganiselo yokusebenzisa imali: iintlawulo ezingaphantsi nje kwemiqobo ezibangela ulwalathiso olongezelelekileyo, izivumelwano eziqhawulwe zibe zizivumelwano ezincinane ezininzi zokuphepha iimfuneko zokhuphiswano, okanye ukusetyenziswa rhoqo kweenkqubo zokufumana uncedo olugqithiseleyo.

Ukuhlola nokunyanga

Iimali ezigunyazisiweyo zikarhulumente zimela iindleko ezinkulu namathuba okulahlwa okanye okunganyaniseki. Ukuqonda iinkqubo zokufumana imali nokuhlola izivumelwano kunceda urhulumente afumane ixabiso elifanelekileyo yaye ukukhuphisana kufanelekile.

Urhulumente omninzi unemithetho efuna ukhuphiswano kwizivumelwano ngaphezulu kwemali ethile. Izicebisi zohlolo ukuqinisekisa ukuba zibhalwe kakuhle kwaye azinazo izicacisi ezixhasa abarhwebi abathile. Hlola iziphumo zokuqinisekisa ukuba izivumelwano zinikwa umfaki-mali ophantsi okanye ezinye iindidi ezithenjiswayo zisetyenziswa rhoqo.

Izivumelwano zesole ezinikwe intsalela, ezinikwa ngaphandle kokhuphiswano, zifanele ziqwalaselwe ngokukhethekileyo. Ngelixesha maxa wambi zigwetyelwe ziimeko ezithile, intsalela yesakhelo ezisemngciphekweni ingaba yizithuthi zokukhetha. Qinisekisa ukuba ulungiso lwendawo yesakhelo sinye luvumelekile kwaye ixabiso lisengqiqweni.

I-Profece i-active iqinisekisa ukuba abarhwebi bachaza oko bakuthembisile. Ukufumana iikopi zezivumelwano nokuthelekisa ii-actal noko kunikiweyo. Jonga enoba abathengisi bahlangabezana nemiqathango emiselwe ixesha kunye nemigangatho yomgangatho. Ukungafumani misebenzi ifanelekileyo kungabonisa ukuba abalawuli abafanelekileyo okanye abarhwebi abafumana iisivumelwano ngokunxibelelana kunokuba bafumane ubuchule.

Ukuqonda Amatyala Neembopheleleko Ezinde

Impilo yemali karhulumente ayixhomekekanga nje kuphela kuqingqo-mali lwaminyaka le kodwa kwanakwiimfuno zexesha elide ezifana namatyala, iimbopheleleko zomhlala-phantsi, kunye neemfuno zogcino-mali.

Hlola amatyala karhulumente kunye neendleko zeenkonzo zamatyala. Urhulumente unetyala elingakanani, kwaye lingakanani ixabiso loqingqo-mali eliya kwimali yamatyala? Ngaba amatyala ayanyuka okanye ancitshiswe? Ngaba amatyala asetyenziselwa ukuxhasa ingeniso yemali yemali efuna inzuzo kwizizukulwana ezizayo, okanye ukuhlawula iindleko zokusebenza, okanye ukuboleka ukuhlawula amatyala akhoyo?

Urhulumente omninzi ujamelana neemfanelo ezithe ngqo zezithembiso ezenziwa kwabasebenzi bangoku nabangaphambili. Ingxelo ye-Cendumasi eqikelela ukuba ezi mbopheleleko zithenjiswa zenziwe kwaye ihlola ukuba urhulumente wenza iminikelo eyaneleyo kusini na ukuze axhase abasebenzi.

Qwalasela ugcino-mali olukhawulezileyo kunye neemfuno zezibonelelo. Maxa wambi oorhulumente balinganisela uqingqo-mali ngokubeka ugcino-mali kweendlela, kwizakhiwo, nakwizixhobo, bedala iindleko ezinkulu eziphantsi kwendlela. Uhlolo lolawulo kunye namalungiselelo okuphuculwa kwemali abonisa ukuba urhulumente uyakwazi kusini na ukugcina izinto zikawonke-wonke ngokwaneleyo.

Ukujonga imimandla yomgaqo-nkqubo oCacileyo

Ukusetyenziswa nophuhliso lwelizwe

Umhlaba usebenzisa izigqibo zobume bomzimba woluntu kwaye ubandakanya ingeniso engundoqo, ukwenza lo mmandla ube ngobalulekileyo kubaphathi bommi.

Ikomishini yocwangciso lweliso kunye neentlanganiso zebhodi apho kuhlaziywa izindululo zophuhliso. Hlola izicelo zokulungisa, ukuguquguquka, okanye imvume eyodwa yokuqonda oko kucetyiswayo nendlela okuhambelana ngayo nezicwangciso nemimiselo ekhoyo. Inkqubela-phambili enkulu idla ngokufuna uhlalutyo lwemeko-bume olunika iinkcukacha ezineenkcukacha malunga neziphumo ezinokwenzeka.

Hlola izicwangciso ezibanzi kunye nemithetho yokulungisa ulwamkelo lokuqonda imithetho elawula ukuphuhliswa koluntu lwakho. Xa inkqubela-phambili ecetyisiweyo ifuna utshintsho kule mithetho, buza ukuba kutheni kwaye kutheni iinguqulelo zisebenza kwiinjongo zikawonke-wonke ezisemthethweni okanye ngokuyintloko abaphuhlisi.

Nikela ingqalelo kubaphi abangenelwayo kwizigqibo ezithathwa emhlabeni. Ngaba abaphuhlisi bafumana ukuphathwa kakuhle ngokuphindaphindiweyo? Ngaba amagosa avotayo kwizicelo zophuhliso afumana iminikelo yephulo elivela kubaphuhlisi? Ngoxa iminikelo yephulo ingafanelekanga, imizekelo yeminikelo elandelwa ngamavoti alungileyo ifanele iqwalaselwe.

Ukhuseleko Loluntu Nobulungisa Bezaphuli - mthetho

Amasebe amapolisa, iinkundla, kunye neenkqubo zokulungisa zinamandla aphawulekayo kubomi nenkululeko yabemi, ziwenza ajonge la maziko abaluleke ngokukhethekileyo. Iinkalo ezininzi zokhuseleko lukawonke-wonke zifanele ziqwalaselwe.

Imigaqo yesebe lamapolisa esetyenziswa ngegunya, ukumiswa kwezithuthi, nokukhalazelwa. Ngoku amasebe amaninzi apapasha le nkqubo kwi-intanethi. Thelekisa imigaqo-nkqubo nezona zinconyelwe yimibutho yobugcisa nangamalungelo abantu.

Uphando lwezibalo zolwaphulo-mthetho kunye nohlahlo-lwabiwo-mali lokuqinisekisa ukuba amapolisa ayasebenza. Ngaba ezinye iintlobo zolwaphulo-mthetho ziyanda? Ngaba amatyala ayaconjululwa? Ugcino-lwazi lolwaphulo-mthetho kufuneka lupheliswe ngummandla ukuchaza umahluko kukhuseleko loluntu nakungenelelo lwamapolisa.

Ukumiswa kwenkundla kubandakanya amaxesha okulungisa amatyala, uqheliselo lwebheyile, kunye nemigaqo yokugweba. Ukulibaziseka ixesha elide kwisigqibo esingengokuba kunokwenzeka ukuba amaxhoba kunye nabamangalelwa bangabi nabulungisa. Uqheliselo lwe-Bail olugcina abamangalelwa abangamahlwempu bevalelwe entolongweni ngeli lixa bevumela abamangalelwa abazizityebi ukuba bakhululeke amathandabuzo angekho semthethweni. Ukugwetywa kocalucalulo olusekelwe kwibala okanye kwezinye izinto kungabonisa ikhethe.

Ulungiso lohlaziyo lohlahlo-lwabiwo-mali neemeko ezisezintolongweni. Ukuxinana, ukungoneli kwezonyango nokusetyenziswa kakhulu kwentolongo kuqhelekile kwaye kuyinto eluncedo kubemi abanokunceda. Amaziko amaninzi aneebhodi zolawulo okanye abahloli abajonge izakhiwo zokulungisa nokushicilela iingxelo.

Imfundo

Imfundo kawonke-wonke imela enye yeendleko ezinkulu zikarhulumente yaye ichaphazela iintsapho ngokuthe ngqo, isenza sijoliswe phambili rhoqo kwiibhodi zesikolo ezithenjiswayo., ezidla ngokuzisebenzela ngokwazo kurhulumente jikelele, zisenza izigqibo malunga nezifundo, uqingqo-mali, abasebenzi, kunye nezakhiwo.

Ukuya kwiintlanganiso zequmrhu lesikolo ukuze kuqwalaselwe ukwenza izigqibo kwimiba ebalulekileyo. Iintlanganiso zohlolo kunye nezinto zokuxhasa, ezisoloko ziquka iingxelo ezineenkcukacha eziphathelele ukusebenza kwemfundo, imeko yemali, kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo ecetyiweyo. Uqingqo-mali lwezikolo lufanele luqwalaselwe ngocoselelo olufanayo njengolunye uqingqo-mali lukarhulumente, ngokw ingqalelo kwindlela oovimba ababelwe ngayo kwizikolo nakwiinkqubo.

Uphando lolwazi oluphumezekileyo lwabafundi ukuhlola ukuba izikolo zinceda abafundi bonke ngempumelelo. Amasuntswana aphumezekileyo phakathi kwamaqela amanani ahlukeneyo angabonisa ukuba imithombo ekhoyo ayinakulinganiswa okanye izenzo zokufundisa. Thelekisa umsebenzi wesithili sakho kwimimandla efanayo ukuchonga iindawo zokuphucula.

Imfundo itsala abathengisi abanokufumana ingeniso eninzi kuneemfuno zomfundi, nto leyo ebangela ukuba ukunyamekela umsebenzi wengqesho kubaluleke kakhulu ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba kuxabiseke okanye kusemgangathweni.

Ukhuseleko lokusingqongileyo

Izigqibo zokusingqongileyo zichaphazela impilo yoluntu nomgangatho wobomi, nangona zisoloko zibandakanya imibandela enzima yobugcisa. Ukujongana nabemi kunceda ukuqinisekisa ukuba ukukhuselwa kwemekobume akuthathi nxaxheba kwiingcinezelo zezoqoqosho nezezobupolitika.

Imvume yokuhlola imisebenzi echaphazela ukuma komhlaba, kuquka izakhiwo zoshishino, imisebenzi yokulahlwa kwenkunkuma, kunye neeprojekthi zokuphuhliswa kwiindawo ezichaphazelekayo. Imvume yokusingqongileyo ifuna isaziso kunye namagqabaza kawonke-wonke, nto leyo enika amathuba okungeniswa kwabemi.

Iinkampani ezininzi zipapasha le nkcazelo kwi - Internet.

Izenzo zokunyanzelisa ukuhlatyelwa komthetho nxamnye nabangcolisi kunye nabo baphula imithetho yemeko-bume. Ngaba abameli baqinisekisa ukuba imithetho yemekobume iyagcinwa, okanye ngaba ukuchaswa akunasohlwaywa? Ngaba izigwebo zanele ukuphelisa ukwaphulwa kwemithetho yemekobume?

Ibandakanya iinkqubo zokucwangcisa imeko-bume ukwenzela imiba efana nezenzo zemozulu, ulawulo olunyibilikisiweyo, okanye ulondolozo lwendawo. Ezi zicwangciso zibumba inkqubo yemo yendalo yexesha elide kwaye zingenelwa kwigalelo lommi ezahlukahlukeneyo.

Ukoyisa Iingxaki Eziqhelekileyo

Ukuqhubana Namagosa Angathobeliyo

Amagosa asekuhlaleni akawamkeli onke amagosa anokudibana namagosa angazikhathaleli iimfuno zawo, azityeshele izinto eziwaxhalabisayo okanye athintele imigudu yolwalathiso.

Ukuba amagosa akaphenduli kwimibuzo yokuqala, landelani nezicelo ezibhaliweyo ezibhaliweyo ezibonisa ukuba awazithembi. Thumela imibhalo kubaphathi okanye kwabanye amagosa abanokuba negunya kumagosa angenamdla. Iingxelo zikawonke-wonke zokungathobeli zinokuba neentloni kwaye zingakhawulezisa ukuthabatha amanyathelo.

Sebenzisa izixhobo ezisemthethweni xa amagosa ephula imithetho yokubonakala kwelinye icala. Ukuba izicelo zeFOIA azihoywa okanye azivunywanga ngokufanelekileyo, izibheno zefayili ngamajelo olawulo. Ukuba izibheno aziphumelelanga, qwalasela inyathelo elingokwasemthethweni. Imithetho emininzi ivumela abemi ukuba bafake ityala ukunyanzelisa imithetho evulekileyo karhulumente, kwaye iinkundla zingayalela ukutyhilwa nokubekwa kwesohlwayo xa kuphulwa.

Ukungapapashi okugqithiseleyo kusasazo lwejelo-nkqubo, ijelo leendaba, okanye iintlanganiso zikawonke-wonke. Abasemagunyeni abangahoyi abemi ngabanye banokusabela xa ukuziphatha kwabo kuthe kwayaziwa. Noko ke, londoloza intetho yengcali kwanaxa uphazamisekile.

Iindawo Ezihlala Abantu Abane - Complete Bureaucracy

Izikhulu zikarhulumente zinokuba ne-byrinthine, ezineembopheleleko ezahlulwe phakathi kwabameli namagosa amaninzi. Ukufumana umntu ofanelekileyo okanye isikhundla sokusingatha inkxalabo yakho kufuna umonde nokuzingisa.

Qalisa ngee-website zikarhulumente kunye noovimba beefayili ukuchonga abanokuchaphazeleka. Ukuba akuqinisekanga ukuba ngubani ophethe umba othile, biza inombolo yolwazi jikelele kwaye ucele ukhokelo. Abasebenzi bomgca ongaphambili bangasoloko benika ulwazi oluchanileyo, ngoko ke qinisekisa oko ukuxelileyo ngokukhangela imithombo esemthethweni.

Abasebenzi bomsebenzi womsebenzi basoloko benolwazi olunzulu ngendlela izinto ezisebenza ngayo kwaye banokuba ngamaqabane axabisekileyo ukuba ubaphatha ngentlonelo kwaye uyayivuma imiqathango abayenzayo.

Le ngxelo ikunceda uqonde imigudu oyenzayo ize inikele ubungqina ukuba ufuna ukunyusa inkxalabo ngokungekho mthethweni okanye ngenkcazelo ephosakeleyo.

Ukuphatha Ixesha Nokuphepha Ukudinwa

Ulawulo olunempumelelo lukarhulumente lufuna umgudu oqhubekayo, kodwa ukuzama ukuqwalasela yonke into kukhokelela ekudimazekeni nasekungasebenzini. Ukubeka imida nokuphatha ixesha lakho kukhusela impilo yakho ngeli lixa ulondoloza ubuchule bakho bokunikela kwixesha elide.

Jonga imigudu yakho kwimiba apho ungenza umahluko obalulekileyo. Awunakukwazi ukuqwalasela yonke imisebenzi karhulumente, ngoko khetha iindawo ezihambelana nolwazi lwakho, izilangazelelo, kunye nexesha elikhoyo. Kungcono ukuqwalasela ngokucokisekileyo imiba embalwa kunokulandela nje imiba emininzi.

Ceba ixesha onokulichitha ujonge uvelela, umisele ixesha oza kulisebenzisa ngalo.

Yabelana nabanye ngoxanduva xa kunokwenzeka. Ukusebenza neqela kuhambisa umsebenzi onzima kwaye kunika inkxaso kunye. Thatha ikhefu xa kufuneka, ukubuyela emva okwexeshana akuthethi ukuba ushiye ukuzinikela kwakho ekulawuleni.

Inkqubela ebhiyozelayo kunye nogcino lwembono. Utshintsho lukarhulumente lusoloko lusenzeka kancinci, kwaye izithintelo azinakuphepheka. Qaphela ukuba imigudu yakho inegalelo ekuphuculweni kwexesha elide naxa iziphumo zikhawulezile ukudimazeka.

Ukugcina Ukubonakala Nobuchule Bokwenza Izinto

Ukuphumelela kwakho njengenja karhulumente kuxhomekeke ekuthembekeni kwakho. Amagosa, amajelo eendaba nabanye abemi kufuneka bakujonge njengobulungisa nonokuthenjwa. Ukugcina ingqiqo nokuchana kukhusela igama lakho kwaye kukwenza uzive ukhuselekile.

Seka indawo yakho kwizibakala nobungqina endaweni yokucinga okanye ukhetho olukhethayo. Xa uchonga iingxaki, xhasa oko uthethayo ngoxwebhu. Yamkela ukungaqiniseki xa ungenalwazi olupheleleyo kunokuba ucebise okanye uzibaxa izinto.

Zimisele ukuncoma xa urhulumente esenza kakuhle. Iinja ezijongene nokugxeka ukulahlekelwa yintembelo zize ziphoswe ngamathuba okuqinisa isimilo esifanelekileyo. Uqikelelo olulungeleleneyo.

Lungisa iimpazamo ngokukhawuleza xa uzenza. Wonke umntu wenza iimpazamo, kodwa indlela ozisingatha ngayo ichaphazela ukunyaniseka kwakho. Ukuba ufumanise ukuba wabelana ngenkcazelo engachananga, vuma impazamo kwaye unike inkcazelo echanileyo.

Kuphephe ukungqubana komdla okunokulalanisa imbono yakho. Ukuba unezinto zemali okanye zobuqu ezinokuchaphazeleka kwizigqibo oziqwalaselayo ngurhulumente, zichazele ezi zilangazelelo. Cinga ngokuzithethelela ngokusuka ekujongeni kwimicimbi apho kusenokuthandatyuzwa oko ukuko.

Ukuqwalasela Okusemthethweni Nokhuseleko

Ukuqonda Amalungelo Akho Okuqala Okuhlaziywa

UMthetho Wokuqala Ohlaziyiweyo ukhusela ilungelo lakho lokugxeka urhulumente nokucela uncedo lokulungisa izikhalazo.

Unenkululeko ebanzi yokugxeka amagosa karhulumente kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo. Amagosa karhulumente angakwazi ukumangalela ukuhlab'ityala ngenxa yokuba iinkundla ziyaqonda ukuba impikiswano eqatha ngorhulumente ifuna ukukhuselwa kwanokugxekwa okukrakra. Noko ke, olu khuselo alunakudlulela kwiingxelo zobuxoki ezithiwe ngenjongo embi, ngoko namathela kwiingxelo eziyinyaniso neembono ezicacileyo zegama elicacileyo.

Ilungelo lakho lokuya nokuthetha kwiintlanganiso zasesidlangalaleni likhuselwe, lilawulwa yimiqathango esengqiqweni yexesha, indawo, nendlela oziphethe ngayo. Amagosa akanakukukushiya kwiintlanganiso zasekuhlaleni kuba azithandi iimbono zakho, kodwa anokunyanzelisa imithetho yobundilele ngokuphathelele ihambo yokudibana neenkqubo zokugqabaza esidlangalaleni.

Urhulumente akanakukwazi ukukuphindezela ngokusebenzisa amalungelo akho okuQala UMthetho - siseko. Ukuba ufumana ukuziphindezelela ngokungavumiyo, ukunyanzeliswa kwemithetho, okanye ezinye izenzo ezingalunganga, ngenxa yemisebenzi yakho yobuveleli, ungacela uncedo olusemthethweni. Zibhale phantsi naziphi na izenzo ezibonakala ngathi ziyawalungisa uze ubuze negqwetha ngokhetho lwakho.

Ukuchasa Neengxaki Zokuchasa

Ngoxa unenkululeko ebanzi yokugxeka urhulumente, usengajamelana netyala elingokwasemthethweni ngenxa yeengxelo zobuxoki ezilonakalisa igama lomntu. Ukuqonda umthetho wokunyelisa kukunceda ukuba ube ngumphathi onamandla ngoxa uphepha iingxaki ezingokwasemthethweni.

Inyaniso ikhusela ngokupheleleyo kwimiba yokunyelisa. Ukuba unokuzingqina ukuba iintetho ozithethileyo ziyinyaniso, awunakuba netyala lokunyeliswa kungakhathaliseki ukuba ziyingozi kangakanani ezo ngxelo. Oku kugxininisa ukubaluleka kokusekela izityholo zakho kubungqina obuqinileyo.

Umahluko phakathi kweengxelo zenyaniso nezimvo. Izimvo zifumana ukhuseleko olunamandla kuneengqiniso eziyinyaniso. Ibinzana elifana "Ndikholelwa" okanye "emcabangweni" uphawu lokuba uchaza imbono kunokuqinisekisa izibakala.

Amagosa karhulumente ajongene nemithwalo ephezulu kumatyala okunyelisa kunabantu ngabanye. Ukuphumelela, amagosa karhulumente makabonise kungekuphela nje ukuba iintetho zibubuxoki kwaye ziyingozi, kodwa ukuba aziswa ngolunya "lwezenzo" / ulwazi lokuxoka okanye ukungakhathali ngenyaniso. Lo mlinganiselo uphezulu ukhusela ukugxekwa okunamandla kukarhulumente.

Ngaphandle kwezi zikhuseli, ukukhusela ekumangalelweni ngokunyelisayo kungabiza kwaye kubangele uxinzelelo nokuba ekugqibeleni uphumelele. Amanye amagosa amaphepha angenasizathu sokubeka abagxeki esichengeni.

Ixesha Lokufuna Amacebiso Asemthethweni

Ngoxa umlawuli omkhulu wommi enokuthi aqhutywe ngaphandle koncedo olusemthethweni, iimeko ezithile zifuna ukuba uthethe negqwetha.

Qwalasela igqwetha ukuba urhulumente uyazikhaba izicelo zeFOIA okanye uyayichasa imithetho evulekileyo yentlanganiso kunye nemigudu yezigqibo engacwangciswanga ayiphumeleli. Abathathi-nxaxheba abanamava kumthetho ovulekileyo karhulumente bangakucebisa ngokhetho lwakho kwaye, ukuba kuyimfuneko, ukumangalelwa ngefayile ukunyanzelisa iimfuno zokubonakala.

Ukuba usongelwa ngokusemthethweni okanye umangalelwe ngenxa yomsebenzi wakho wobuveleli, dibana negqwetha ngoko nangoko. Nokuba izisongelo zibonakala zingenasihlahla, ukuphendula ngokufanelekileyo kufuna ubuchule obusemthethweni. Ii-arhente ezininzi zinikela iinkonzo, kwaye amanye amagqwetha asingatha amatyala oncedo lukawonke-wonke qhabo okanye ngokwexabiso eliphantsi.

Ukuba ungumsebenzi karhulumente ocinga ngokuxela ukuziphatha okubi, thetha negqwetha elifutha impempe phambi kokutyhila. Ukhuseleko lwe-wistleer lwahluka ngokwamandla kwaye luxhomekeke ekulandeleni iinkqubo ezifanelekileyo. Igqwetha linokukunceda uqonde amalungelo akho kwaye unciphise iingozi.

Imibutho yoncedo esemthethweni namaqela azimeleyo enkululeko yasekuhlaleni maxa wambi anikela uncedo kwimicimbi yolawulo lukarhulumente, ingakumbi xa iimeko zibandakanya imizekelo ebalulekileyo okanye zichaphazela abantu abasweleyo. Imibutho yophando kummandla ohlala kuwo enokuthi inikele inkxaso.

Ukwakha Isithethe Sokuziphendulela

Ukukhuthaza Ukubonakala Ngokucace

Ngaphandle kokuhlola izenzo ezithile zikarhulumente, abami bomzi bangasebenza ukuqinisa ukubonakala kwelinye icala njengendlela esisiseko yokulawula. Xa ukubonakala kwangaphandle kulindelekile, kunokuba kube yinto engaqhelekanga, ulawulo luba lula kwaye lusebenza ngakumbi.

Umxhasi wemigaqo ephucula ukubonakala okungagqibekanga. Oku kungaquka iimfuno zokuba iintlanganiso zikarhulumente zishicilelwe zize zigcinwe, ukuba ukuchitha ugcino-lwazi kupapashwe kwiifomati ezinokuphengululwa, okanye ukuba imigaqo yedrafti ikhutshwe ukuze kukhutshwe amagqabaza kawonke-wonke phambi kokuqukunjelwa. Ukusebenza namagosa axhasa ukuba cace ukuze kuphuhliswe kwaye kuqukunjelwe imigaqo enjalo.

Xa abasemagunyeni okanye amagosa etyhila inkcazelo okanye ezama ukudibanisa abemi, zivume ezo zinto. Ukukhuthaza kukhuthaza ukuba abantu baqhubeke beziphatha kakuhle baze babeke imizekelo emihle kwabanye.

Ukuxhasa ukubonakala kwezibonelelo zoluntu namaqela oluntu. Yenzani umzekelo wendlela enifuna ukuziphatha ngayo kurhulumente ngokuqhuba iintlanganiso zenu, ngokupapasha inkcazelo yemali, nokwamkela igalelo elivela kumalungu noluntu.

Imfundo Yemibimbi Ekhuthazayo

Ukuxhasa imfundo karhulumente kunceda ummi akwazi ukuphendula urhulumente.

Ukuxhasa imicimbi engaphaya kwezibakala ezingobunzululwazi ezisisiseko ezibandakanya ubuchule obusebenzisekayo obufana nokuhlolisisa inkqubo, ukuhlolisisa imithombo yezolawulo lwedemokhrasi nokuthatha inxaxheba kwiinkqubo zolawulo-melo.

Kukufundiswa abantu abadala. Abemi abaninzi bafuna ukuganana kodwa abakwazi ukuba nenxaxheba ngokunempumelelo. Iivenkile zomsebenzi, iincwadi ezikhokelayo, kunye neenkqubo zokucebisa abantu, zinokuba negalelo ekunyamekeleni nasekuthembiseni.

Sebenzisa ulwimi olufikelelekayo kunye neefomati xa uthetha ngorhulumente. Ukusebenzisa intetho enzima nokuntsonkotha kudimaza ukuba ungabi nanxaxheba. Ukuguqulela imiba enzima kulwimi olucacileyo olunokuqondwa yiingcali ngaphandle kokuzichaza okanye ukugqwetha inkcazelo.

Ukuxhasa Utshintsho Lweziko

Nangona imigudu yolawulo ibalulekile, utshintsho olungokwenkqubo lungavelisa inkqubela ehlala ihleli ekuphenduleni ityala likarhulumente. Iinguqu ezixhasayo zomeleza ukubonakala, zinciphisa ukunganyaniseki, ziphucule inxaxheba yabemi.

Iphulo lokuguqula imali linciphisa impembelelo yemali kwezobupolitika kunye neengxaki zenzala ebangelwa yiyo.

Iinguqu ezifanelekileyo ziquka ukungqubana kwemithetho yenzala, iimfuno zemali, kunye nokuqiniswa komthetho kunceda ekuthinteleni ukunganyaniseki nokuhlala abantu bethembekile.

Ukuthabatha inxaxheba kuqingqo-mali kunye nezinye iindlela zomzi ezichaphazelekayo kwigalelo lokwenza izigqibo kungadibanisa idemokhrasi yabameli kunye nokwandisa ukuphendula.

Imibutho yolawulo yobuqu njengeenjengeenjengelejala, iiofisi zophicotho-zincwadi, kunye neekomishini yemigaqo yokuziphatha inika ulwalathiso olungochwepheshe, oluqhubekayo oluxhasa imigudu yabemi. Ukuxhasa imali eyaneleyo nokuzimela ngokwayo kwezi zakhiwo, nokusebenzisa iingxelo zazo ukuxelela umsebenzi wakho wobuveleli.

Oovimba Bokufunda Ngokuqhubekayo

Ii-website kunye nee-Database eziBalulekileyo

Uphando lwakho lusebenza kakuhle yaye lubanzi.

Kulwazi lukarhulumente wezwelonke, qala ngo USA.gov njengezibuko kumasebe neenkonzo. Ikhorever.gov[ ibonelela imithetho yequmrhu, lo gama izigubungelo.gov ugquma umthetho wolawulo olawulayo. unikezela ngolawulo lwesizwe. [v unika ugcino-lwazi oluselukileyo, kunye nezibonelelo zezibonelelo ngazizo zoshishino.

Imeko kunye ne-website zikarhulumente zahlukene ngomgangatho kodwa zinikela ngohlobo lweentlanganiso, uqingqo-mali, kunye nolwazi lokuqhagamshelana. Iimeko ezininzi zinemiboniso ecace gca esetyenziswayo, umvuzo, kunye ne-data yesivumelwano. khangela "[imeko yakho] yokubonisa izibuko" okanye "isixeko sakho] sivula ugcino-lwazi" ukufumana oovimba abafanelekileyo.

Imibutho engancediyo ejolise kwimbuyiselo karhulumente igcina oovimba abaxabisekileyo. Isiseko esikhanyayo izinto ezigciniweyo ziseluncedo ekuqondeni imiba yokubona ngaphaya. i-openserets. org isebenzisa imali kwezobupolitika, lo gama Govrack. inika umzila we-RCUM] olungileyo.

Imibutho yamajelo eendaba iya ipapasha ii-database kunye nezixhobo zokuhlola ugcino-lwazi lukarhulumente. Propublica, uphando lwamajelo angeyongeniso, kwaye amaphephandaba amakhulu asoloko eyila iinkcazelo ezisemgangathweni kwimibandela efana neminikelo yezopolitiko, izivumelwano zikarhulumente, kunye nentlawulo yabasebenzi basekuhlaleni.

Iincwadi Neempapasho

Ukwakha ulwazi olusekelwe ekufundeni kukunceda uqonde imigaqo nemigaqo eluncedo.

Iincwadi ezithetha ngokucace gca nokuziphendulela korhulumente zihlolisisa isizathu sokuba imicimbi yokuvula ityala nendlela yokuyifikelela. Imisebenzi yobuchule bobuzwilakhe bobuzwilakhe inokukwazisa ngemigudu yolawulo lommi, njengoko ubuchule obuninzi busebenza. Uhlolisiso lwamaphulo okulawula impumelelo lunika umzekelo kunye nempembelelo kwimigudu yakho.

Iincwadi zikarhulumente nezoluntu, nangona maxa wambi zomile, zinika imvelaphi ebalulekileyo ngendlela urhulumente afanele asebenze ngayo. Ukuqonda izakhiwo ezisesikweni kunye neenkqubo kukunceda ukwazi xa uqheliselo lokwenene luphambuka kwizithethe ezimiselweyo nemithetho.

Iincwadi eziphuma kwimibutho egada iinja nezicangca ngemibutho efuna uphando, zinikela uhlolisiso ngeendawo ezithile zezomthetho nezoburhulumente.

Uqeqesho Neevenkile Zomsebenzi

Uqeqesho lwezandla lungakhawulezisa ukuphuhliswa kwakho njengenja karhulumente esebenzayo. Iintlangano ezahlukeneyo zinika ushishino, iiwebinari, kunye neezifundo kwimixholo enxulumene nolawulo lwabemi.

Imibutho karhulumente elungileyo namaqela athembiseneyo esizwe asoloko enikela uqeqesho ngemibandela efana nokusebenzisa imithetho yeFOIA, ukuhlalutya uqingqo-mali, okanye ukulungiselela amaphulo okuphatha inzala. Jonga iiwebhsayithi zemibutho yesizwe neyomgangatho karhulumente ukwenzela amathuba oqeqesho azayo.

Imisebenzi namaziko asekuhlaleni maxa wambi anika izifundo okanye iinkqubo zesatifiketi kubaphathi-majoni, kuphando lwemigaqo-nkqubo okanye kwizivumelwano zezentlalo. Nangona enzelwe abantu abahlukahlukeneyo, ezi nkqubo zinika ulwazi nobuchule obubalulekileyo kubaphathi boluntu.

kwimigangatho yokufunda engaphakathi inikela izifundo ezinxulumene nemibandela enxulumene nohlalutyo logcino-lwazi, inkqubo kawonke-wonke kunye nokukhutshelwa kwemfundo. Iizifundo ezininzi azikho okanye azinamali ingako, zizenza zifikeleleke kubemi kungakhathaliseki ukuba ziziphi na izinto zemali.

Ngamanye amaxesha amasebe karhulumente wongingqi anika abami izikolo okanye iinkqubo ezifanayo ezinika abasebenzi abasemva kolawulo olujonge imisebenzi karhulumente. Ngeli xesha ezi nkqubo zilawulwa ngurhulumente kwaye zisenokuvela kwiimbono ezikhuthazayo, zisenokunika ulwazi oluluncedo malunga neenkqubo nabasebenzi.

Idityaniswe nezinye Iingingqi

Ukufunda kwiinja zikarhulumente ezinolwazi oluphaphileyo kukwenza ukhule ngokukhawuleza kwaye kukunika inkxaso eqhubekayo. Unxulumano nomnye umntu obalukileyo luvula amathuba okusebenzisana nokuncedana.

Ukuya kwiintlanganiso nakwiziganeko eziququzelelwa yimibutho egade iinja ukuze kuhlangatyezwane nabanye abemi abathenjiweyo.

I-intanethi kunye namaqela onxibelelwano ajolise kwimiba karhulumente yokuziphendulela ngokunika izibonelelo zokubuza imibuzo, ukwabelana ngolwazi, nokufunda kumava abanye. Jonga amaqela ajolise kulawulo lwakho okanye kwimimandla enomdla.

Iqumrhu loorhulumente abalawula urhulumente, abahlalutyi boqingqo-mali, nezinye izifundiswa zikarhulumente maxa wambi ziyabamkela abami kwiintlanganiso okanye kwiimpapasho.

Yakha ulwalamano neentatheli ezigquma urhulumente kwindawo ohlala kuyo. Xa ugcina imida efanelekileyo .=ungumthombo nommeli, hayi umcholacholi-makhwela-ndaba, olu lwalamano lungancedana xa ubelana ngolwazi nolwazi.

Isiphumo: Indima Yakho Kulawulo - melo

Ulawulo lorhulumente asingomsebenzi wobunewunewu okanye wokuzikhethela kwidemokhrasi, uxanduva olusisiseko olufumaneka ngamalungelo namalungelo obumi. Xa abemi bebuqwalasela ngokukhutheleyo izenzo zikarhulumente, befuna ukuba bacace, kwaye bebeka amagosa etyala, bomeleza amaziko edemokhrasi kwaye bakhusela umdla woluntu.

Izixhobo kunye namaqhinga achazwe kwesi sikhokelo anika isiseko sobuveleli obunempumelelo, kodwa yindawo yokuqala. Uluntu ngalunye lujamelana nocelomngeni kunye namathuba akhethekileyo, kwaye iinja ezisebenzayo zilungelelanisa imigaqo jikelele kwiimeko zobulali. Ulwazi lwakho ngengingqi yakho, kunye nobuchule nolwazi olunikiweyo apha, lukuxhobisa ukwenza iminikelo enentsingiselo kuxanduva lukarhulumente.

Khumbula ukuba uvelela akuthethi ukuba uyachasa urhulumente okanye amagosa. Abantu abaninzi abasebenza kurhulumente bangabakhonzi abazahluleleyo abazama ukwenza imisebenzi yabo kakuhle phantsi kweemeko ezinzima. Ukujonga oku kuyayiqonda le nyaniso ngoxa benyanzelisa ukuba cace, ukuphendula nokusabela. Injongo ayikokuphazamisa urhulumente kodwa kukuqinisekisa ukuba unceda abantu ukuba bafumane umdla ofanelekileyo nofanelekileyo.

Imigudu yakho ibalulekile, kwanaxa inkqubela ibonakala ihamba kancinci okanye imiqobo ibonakala ingenakufikeleleka. Isicelo ngasinye seFOIA esigcinwe, ntlanganiso nganye yesidlangalala, yonke imibuzo ebuzwayo inegalelo kwimpucuko yokuziphendulela. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, ukuthembisana okuqhubekayo kwenza ukuba abemi baqhubeke belindele ukuba izinto zibonakale ngendlela urhulumente asebenza ngayo.

Njengoko uvelela, jongana nomntu kwaye uzinyamekele. Ukugada kukarhulumente kungadimaza, kudimaza, maxa wambi kudimaze. Beka usukelo olusengqiqweni, bhiyozela uloyiso oluncinane, kwaye khumbula ukuba uyinxalenye yesithethe eside sabemi abaye basebenza ukwenza urhulumente abe noxanduva nolwamkelo.

Idemokhrasi asingomdlalo wababukeli. Kufuna ukuba abemi abathenjiweyo, abakulungeleyo ukuchitha ixesha namandla abo bejongele inja nokuziphendulela. Ngokuthatha indima yokuba ngumalathisi wenja karhulumente, uzalisekisa iimbopheleleko ezibaluleke kakhulu zabemi kwaye unceda ukuqinisekisa ukuba urhulumente, osebenza, othe, nowabantu bahlala bekho, uyinto yokwenene kunokuba bacingele nje.

Umsebenzi wokulinda urhulumente awupheli, kodwa namathuba okwenza umahluko. Qala apho ukhona, sebenzisa izixhobo ezikhoyo kuwe, unxulumane nabanye abanoxanduva lwakho kurhulumente ophendulayo. Uluntu lwakho kunye nedemokhrasi liya komelela ngakumbi kwimigudu yakho.