Table of Contents

Umsebenzi Osemthethweni Wokukhusela Abasebenzi Abakhulileyo Kwiimeko Zokungalawuleki

Ukuwohloka kwezoqoqosho, ukudityaniswa, kunye nokulungiswa kwakhona kwenkampani kudla ngokuphumela ekususweni nasekubuyiselweni kwemiqathango. Ngeli xesha, abasebenzi abakhulileyo basoloko besengozini enkulu yokungacalulwa ngokufanelekileyo. Ukulwa oku, imithetho yocalulo kwimimandla emininzi yobudala inika ukhuseleko olunamandla oluqinisekisa ukuba ubudala abunanto ingunobangela wokukhetha ukutshintsha. Le mithetho, efana ne-Agescritive in Moule Act (ADEA) eUnited States nase-EA Cance Act eUnited States nase-Unity, yenza ukuba abaqeshi benziwe ngokungekho mthethweni abasebenzi ukuba baphathe ngokungafanelekanga ngenxa yobudala babo bonke ubudala babo, kuquka nokukhuselwa kwemi. Ukuqonda oku kuyagxeka ukungaqiniseki kweemfuno zabo zomsebenzi kunye nokufuna ukugcinwa komsebenzi okusesikweni.

Imithetho Yokwahlula Abantu Ngeminyaka Ehlabathini Lonke

EUnited States: Ucalucalulo lweNtlanganiso KuMthetho Womsebenzi (ADEA)

Ngo1967, iADEA ikhusela abantu abaneminyaka engama-40 ubudala nabakhulileyo ekukhetheni imisebenzi ngenxa yobudala. Umthetho usebenza kubaqeshi abazimeleyo nabaqeshi abanama-20 okanye ngaphezulu, kwakunye norhulumente, norhulumente worhulumente, kunye noorhulumente basekuhlaleni. Phantsi kwe-ADEA, akuvumelekanga ukuba bakhethe umntu ngenxa yobudala babo obunxulumene nexesha elithile, imeko, okanye ilungelo lomsebenzi, kuquka ukuqeshwa, ukukhutshwa, ukukhutshwa, ukuhliswa, imbuyiselwa, intlawulo, izabelo, izabelo, kunye nokuqeqeshwa. I-U.U.S.I-Octive Comporting Commentmentment Comment (EC) inyanzelela i-AEE) kwaye inikela ukhokelo ngendlela umthetho osebenza ngayo nangaphi nangaphangaphangaphangaleleki. [3]

UBukumkani Obumanyeneyo: UMthetho Ka - 2010 Obonisa Ukulingana

Ku-UK, uMthetho woMalunga woMgangatho wowama-2010 uqinisa kwaye uqinisa imithetho yangaphambili echasene nocalucalulo lobudala, kuquka amalungiselelo ocalucalulo lobudala. Ikhusela abasebenzi babo bonke ubudala . kwaye isebenza kubo bonke abaqeshi, kungakhathaliseki ubungakanani, kwaye igquma ulwalamano lwemisebenzi, kuquka ukhetho lwe-Recundancy. Phantsi koMthetho, iinkqubo zokuhlaziya kufuneka ziqhutywe zisebenzisa iinjongo eziziinjongo ezingangqalanga okanye ezingangqalanga ngokweminyaka. Abaqeshishi-mali abangakwaziyo ukumelana nomthetho womsebenzi. [iinkcukacha ezithe k]

Umanyano LwaseYurophu: Luyayalela

Ngaphaya kweEuropean Union, i-Molicial Directive (2000/78/EC) iyaluthintela ucalulo lobudala emsebenzini nasemsebenzini. Amalungu athe adlulisela lo myalelo kwimithetho yesizwe, adala umsebenzi odibeneyo oya kufuna abaqeshi ukuba bathethelele naluphi na unyango olwahlukileyo olusekelwe kwiminyaka yobudala njengendlela elungeleleneyo yokufikelela usukelo olusemthethweni. Oku kuthetha ukuba ukusebenzisa iminyaka yobudala njengomgaqo wokukhetha ukutshintsha i-incustom akuvumelekanga ngaphandle kokuba umqeshi angabonisa ugwebo olukhethekileyo, olunenjongo ephezulu abaqeshiweyo abanokudibana nalo.

Ostreliya: UMthetho Wokwahlula Abantu Ngeminyaka Wangowama - 2004

UMthetho we-Ageranti ye-Ostreliya we-2004 wenza kube kokungekho mthethweni ukucalula umntu okwiminyaka yobudala kwiindawo ezahlukahlukeneyo zobomi basekuhlaleni, kuquka nomsebenzi. Lo Mthendeleko ugubungela onke amacandelo omsebenzi, ukusuka ekubhalisweni ukuya ekuphelisweni. Ngexesha le-redunganci, abaqeshi kufuneka baqinisekise ukuba imigaqo yokukhetha kwabo isekelwe kubuchule, ukusebenza, nezinye izinto eziyimfuneko, kunokuba kube ubudala. IKhomishini yamaLungelo oLuntu inyanzelisa loMthetho kwaye inika abaqeshi kunye nabaqeshi.

Indlela Imithetho Yokwahlula Abantu Ngeminyaka Abakhusela Ngayo Abasebenzi Ngoxa Bephelelwe Ngumsebenzi

Ukungahlawulwa nokungakhathalelwa zizinto eziqhelekileyo ezifunekayo kwizigqibo zoshishino, kodwa le nkqubo isenokubhenca iimbono ezichaphazela abasebenzi abakhulileyo ngokungenakuthelekiswa nanto.

Ingcamango Yokusebenzisa Ubudala Njengomsebenzi Wokukhetha

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo yokukhusela kukuba abaqeshi abanako ukuseka izigqibo zokungathathi nxaxheba kwiminyaka yobudala kuphela. Oku kuthetha ukuba ukukhetha umqeshwa ngenxa nje yokuba ungaphezu kweminyaka ethile, okanye ngenxa yokuba umqeshi ekholelwa ukuba uza kuthatha umhlala-phantsi, akuvumelekanga. Kwanokuba umqeshi usebenzisa intlanganisela yezinto, ukuba ubudala bunendima ekhoyo kwisigqibo, kunokubangela ukuba akhethe. Umzekelo, umqeshi akanakukhetha abaqeshwa abaqeshwa abaqeshi abaphezulu ngenxa yobudala bokuphola, okanye abanokucinga ukuba abasebenzi abadala abakwazi ukumelana nobugcisa obutsha.

Imida Yokhetho Enenjongo Necace Ngakumbi

Ukuphepha ukucalucalulwa ngokweminyaka, abaqeshi kufuneka bavelise baze basebenzise imigaqo yokukhetha ebhaliweyo. Iindlela eziqhelekileyo ezizizo ziquka:

  • Iziphumo zenkqubela
  • Ukufika nokugcina ixesha
  • Imbali yemfundo
  • Ubuchule obujoliswe kuko nokufaneleka
  • Ubude benkonzo (esetyenziswe ngenyameko, njengoko isenokungancedi ngandlel ’ ithile abasebenzi abaselula, kodwa inokugwetyelwa ukuba isetyenziswe ngobundilele)

Abaqeshi kufuneka baqinisekise ukuba ezi migaqo zisoloko zisetyenziswa kubo bonke abasebenzi abakhethwe ngomngcipheko wokuthamba nokungaboni. Nakuphi na ukuphambuka kwimiqathango emiselwe abasebenzi abathile kunokubonwa njengobungqina bocalulo.

Ukukhuselwa Kwimpembelelo Engacalucalulwayo

Imithetho yocalucalulo lobudala ikwakhusela abasebenzi kwiinkqubo ezibonakala ngathi zingoondilele kodwa ziyingozi ngokungenakulinganiswa. Oku kwaziwa ngokuba “yimpembelelo engaqhelekanga” phantsi kwe-ADEA. Umzekelo, ukuba umqeshi ugqiba ukubeka bonke abaqeshwa abaneminyaka engaphantsi kwemihla emihlanu yenkonzo, kwaye ngokungenakuthelekiswa nanto ichaphazela abasebenzi abaselula, inokuba yingxaki. Ngokuchasene noko, inkqubo efuna umhlala-phantsi womthetho ngexesha elithile (ngokuqhelekileyo engekho mthethweni ngaphandle kwemisebenzi elinganiselwe kakhulu) iya kuba yimposiso.

Ukuqhatha Amalungelo Neenkqubo Zokuzithandela

Ezinye iinkampani zinikela “ukuxhobisa ngamalungelo”, apho umqeshwa osele ekhulile kakhulu angasusa umqeshwa osele ekhulile kwindima eyahlukileyo ngexesha lokurhoxa. Ngoxa iinkqubo ezisekelwe kumgangatho ophezulu zisoloko zisemthethweni, kufuneka zisetyenziswe rhoqo kwaye azinakusetyenziswa ukujolisa amaxhoba amaqela abantu abaneminyaka ekhuselweyo. Ngokufanayo, iinkqubo zokukhuthaza ukuphuma umhlala-phantsi kwangethuba kufuneka zizenze ngokuzithandela kwaye azikwazi ukunyanzelisa abasebenzi abadala ukuba bahambe. I-Older Working Benefied Protection Act (WBPA) eUnited States imisela iimfuno olungqongqo kwiinkqubo ezinjalo, kuquka ixesha elincinane lokuqwalaselwa kunye nemfuneko yokutyhila inani labo bakhethiweyo ekuphumeni kweminye.

Amalungelo asemthethweni abaqeshwa abajongana nokuLunga oluLawulweyo

Xa umqeshwa ekholelwa ukuba ukhethelwe ukuphinda umva ngenxa yobudala bawo, baneendlela ezininzi ezisemthethweni. Inyathelo lokuqala kukuphakamisa umba ngaphakathi kwinkqubo yomqeshi ekhalazayo. Ukuba oko kusilela ukusombulula lo mba, abaqeshwa bangafaka isikhalazo ngesebe elifanelekileyo le-US, i-EEOC; kwi-UK, inkundla yomsebenzi; e-Australia, i-Australian Rights Rights Commission. Imiqathango yexesha ingqongqo. Umzekelo, kwi-US, ityala kufuneka libekwe kwi-EEOC kwientsuku ezili-180 zocalulo oluchaziweyo (ithanda ukuya kwientsuku ezingama-300 kwamanye amazwe). Kwi-UK, ikomiti yezomsebenzi ithi kufuneka isiwe kusuku ezintathu kunyaka omnye we-CSCreage.

Ukhetho Olufumanekayo

Ukuba umqeshwa ubonakalisa ucalucalulo lobudala ngempumelelo xa engekho, unyango lusenokuquka:

  • Ukuqulunqwa: kumvuzo olahlekileyo, iingenelo, kunye noxinezeleko lwemvakalelo (kwiminye imimandla)
  • Ukucazulula : ukuba umqeshwa usakwazi ukubuyela emsebenzini kwaye kuyenzeka
  • Intlawulo okanye umvuzo obuyiselwayo: ingeniso ehlawulelwayo elahlekileyo ukusuka ekugxothweni komgunyaziso de ityala lisombululwe okanye de umqeshwa afumane umsebenzi omtsha
  • [[UKWENZIWA:0] Umonakalo okhoyo: kwiimeko zocalulo lwangabom (efumaneka phantsi kwe ADEA, nangona ibekwe phantsi kweemeko ezithile)
  • [[UMTHETHO: 0] Imali yemali [: kumazwe amaninzi, abathathi-nxaxheba abaphumeleleyo bangafumana iindleko zegqwetha

Okubalulekileyo kukuba abasebenzi abanakuziphindezela ngokufaka isikhalazo. Ukungaqiniseki, njengokuzigxeka okanye ukunikela isiqinisekiso esingafanelekanga, ngokwako kukwaphula ngokwahlukileyo phantsi kwemithetho yocalulo engokwabantu abadala yaye kunokukhokelela kwisohlwayo esongezelelekileyo.

Umthwalo Wobungqina Nobungqina

Ukungqina ucalucalulo lobudala bunokuba lucelomngeni kuba abaqeshi abafane bavume ukuba basebenzisa ubudala babo njengenkalo. Iinkundla neenkundla zisoloko zixhomekeke kubungqina obukhoyo. Imizekelo yobungqina obuxhasa ityala

  • Umahluko ongokwengqokelela: ubonisa ukuba abasebenzi abakhulileyo abaphezulu ngokungenakulinganiswa bakhethwa ukuze bakhutshwe emsebenzini xa kuthelekiswa nabasebenzi abatsha
  • Ingcebiso okanye iziqhulo malunga nobudala: ukuba abaphathi okanye abenzi besigqibo benza amagqabantshintshi anxulumene nobudala ngexesha lenkqubo yokuthamba
  • Uhlahlo-lwabiwo-mali oluvela kwinkqubo: ukuba umqeshi akawulandeli inkqubo yakhe emiselweyo yokuthambisa okanye usebenzisa iindlela ezithe zatshintsha
  • Ukubekwa kwexesha: ukuba ukudityaniswa kwemiqathango enxulumene nobudala kulandela igalelo lomqeshwa
  • Ukubuyiselwa: ukuba umqeshwa omdala obekiweyo uthathelwa indawo ngumntu oselula ngexesha elifutshane

Umthwalo uguqukela kumqeshi emva kokuba umqeshwa emisele i-pacimi facie unobumba. Umqeshi kufuneka anikeze isizathu esisemthethweni, esingagunyaziswanga soluvo lobunciphisi. Ukuba eso sizathu siboniswa njengerhintyela localucalulo, umqeshi uyaphumelela.

Izinto Ezifanelekileyo Abaqeshi Abafanele Bazenze Ukuze Baphephe Ucalucalulo Oludala

Abaqeshi banokunciphisa umngcipheko osemthethweni baze bakhuthaze umsebenzi ofanelekileyo ngokuthabatha ezi ndlela zilandelayo zilungileyo xa kuncitshiswa amandla:

Zimisele Umgaqo - siseko Ocacileyo Wokunciphisa Imali

Phambi kokuba naluphi na ukhupho-mali luvele, yiba nenkqubo ebhaliweyo echaza ngokufanelekileyo indlela abaqeshwa abaza kukhethwa ngayo ukuze baphinde bafumane utshintsho. Inkqubo kufuneka isekelwe kwizinto ezinxulumene nomsebenzi kwaye ihlolwe ngesiluleko esisemthethweni ukuqinisekisa ukuthobela imithetho esebenzayo yocalulo lobudala. Luphephe naluphi na ulwimi olubonisa ixesha lonyaka, umhlala phantsi, okanye “italente yobutsha.”

Sebenzisa Injongo, Indlela Elinganiswayo

Iinjongo eziqhelekileyo ziquka:

  • Ireyithingi yomsebenzi ukusuka kuhlolisiso lwakutshanje
  • Ubuchule neemfaneleko zinxulumene ngqo nemisebenzi eseleyo
  • Ingxelo yemfundo
  • Ingxelo
  • Umgangatho (xa usetyenziswa njengothunywashe wobundilele, kungekhona njengeprojekthi yogunyaziso ngokweminyaka)

Qiniseka ukuba imilinganiselo ibekwe ngokufanelekileyo kwaye isetyenziswe ngokulinganayo kubo bonke abasebenzi kwiqela elichaphazelekileyo. Yabhala ngokucokisekileyo yonke inkqubo yokukhetha.

Qeqeshani Ikhethe Lobudala

Abalawuli kunye noochwepheshe be-HR kufuneka bafumane uqeqesho rhoqo kwimithetho yobudala yocalulo, ukungaboni kakuhle, kunye neenkqubo zokungaguquguquki. Uqeqesho kufuneka lugxininise ukuba unqakrazo lobudala beminyaka `njenge-"“ abasebenzi abadala abasebenzi ababusebenzisi kakhulu ubugcisa bokukhetha" okanye “abasebenzi abadala babiza imali eninzi kakhulu”--ayiyo imigaqo yokuzithethelela esebenzayo yokukhetha.

Khangelana Neingcali Ezingokwasemthethweni

Ngaphambi kokuba ugqibe icebo lokugxotha, thetha negqwetha elinolwazi ngemisebenzi elijongene nocalulo lobudala. Oku kubalulekile ngakumbi xa ukurhoxa kuchaphazela abasebenzi abakhulileyo ngokungenakulinganiswa, kwanokuba iimeko zibonakala zingenabundilele. Uhlolo olusemthethweni lunganceda ekuboneni iziphumo ezinokubakho zeziphumo zeengxaki zemali uze ulungise icebo ngoko.

Nyanisela Ngenyameko Ngeemfuno Zokukhusela Inqwelo - moya

Kwi-US, ukuba umqeshi unika intlawulo ehlawulweyo etshintshiselana ngomqeshwa we-ADEA, i-OWBPA ibeka iimfuno ezingqongqo: umqeshwa kufuneka anikwe ubuncinane iintsuku ezingama-21 ukuba aqwalasele (ientsuku ezingama-45 zokususwa kweqela), iintsuku ezisixhenxe zokuyeka emva kokutyikitywa, kunye nenkcukacha ezineenkcukacha ngabaqeshwa abakhethiweyo nabakhethwayo, kuquka noludwe lobudala babo. Ukungaphumeleli ukuthobela kunganikezela ngomqeshi-mali, umqeshi ekwaya.

Ziqwalaseleni Kuqala Izinto Ezinokusetyenziswa Ngokuzithandela

Xa kunokwenzeka, nikelani ngokuzithandela umhlala phantsi kwangethuba okanye nithenge iimpahla ngaphambi kokuba niye kuthenga izinto ezithengelwe ngaphandle kwemvume. Kodwa ke lumka: Ezi nkqubo zimele zibe zezokuzithandela ngokwenene yaye azinakunyanzela abasebenzi abakhulileyo ukuba bahambe. I-OWBPA imisela imithetho engqalileyo yeenkqubo ezinjalo. Ukuzikhulula ngemposiso kufuneka kusoloko kuyindlela yokugqibela emva kokukhangela ukhetho lokuzithandela.

Iingcamango Eziqhelekileyo Ngeenkcaso Zeminyaka

Ukungaqondani ngemithetho yocalucalulo engokwabantu abalupheleyo kunokukhokelela kwizigqibo ezingafanelekanga.

Intsomi 1: Abaqeshi bangasoloko bekhetha abasebenzi abaselula ukuba “bahlaziye” abasebenzi

Akunjalo, ukusebenzisa ubudala njengophawu olukhethwayo lokuzigcina unothanda kukukucalucalulo olungqalileyo. Abaqeshi bamele benze izigqibo ezisekelwe kwisidima nomsebenzi ofanelekileyo, kungekhona ubudala.

Intsomi 2: Abasebenzi abakhulileyo babiza imali eninzi yaye banokulahlwa kuqala ukuze bonge imali

Ngeli xesha abasebenzi abakhulileyo besenokuba nemivuzo ephezulu ngenxa yokukhula, ukusebenzisa iindleko njengendinganiso akuyondlela yokuzikhusela ukuba ichaphazela ngokungenakulinganiswa amaqela obudala akhuselwe. I-ADEA kunye nemithetho efanayo ikhusela abasebenzi abakhulileyo ekurhoxisweni okusekelwe kwixabiso ngaphandle kokuba umqeshi ubonise imfuneko eyimfuneko enenjongo engenakuphunyezwa ngokusebenzisa iindlela ezincinane zokukhulula abantu.

INtsomi 3: Uhlolo lokuSebenza lusoloko lunenjongo

Uhlolo lomsebenzi lungagqwethwa ngokobudala. Ukuba umqeshwa omdala ufumene uhlolo olulungileyo kodwa ngequbuliso ubekwa phantsi kancinci phambi kokuba akhutshwe, oko kuyindwe ebomvu. Abaqeshi kufuneka baqinisekise ukuba ireyithingi yomsebenzi zixhaswa bubungqina obungqalileyo, obubhaliweyo kwaye aziphenjelelwa yimkhethe yokungaboni kakuhle.

Inkolelo 4: Abaqeshwa abangaphantsi kwama-40 abanaso isikhuselo

In the US, the ADEA only protects those 40 and older. However, many states have laws that also protect younger workers from age discrimination. For example, in New York, the state Human Rights Law protects all individuals over 18 from age discrimination. In the UK and EU, protections apply to all ages, meaning younger workers can also bring claims if they are treated unfairly due to their age.

Amanyathelo Abaqeshwa Abafanele Bawathabathe Ukuba Bacinga Ukuba Abakho Kuphela Komsebenzi

Abasebenzi abakhulileyo abakholelwa ukuba babekhethwe ngokungafanelekanga ukuze balungise isimilo kufuneka bathabathe amanyathelo alandelayo anokubanceda ekulondolozeni amalungelo asemthethweni:

  1. [[FLT: 0] Uxwebhu yonke into : Gcina iikopi zoqhagamshelwano olunxulumene nokususwa, kuquka ii-imeyili, imisebenzi, namaphetshana avela kwiintlanganiso. bhala imilinganiselo yokhetho esetyenzisiweyo kunye nayiphi na intetho enxulumene nonyaka eyenziwa ngobaphathi.
  2. [[FLT: 0] Cela inkqubo yokhetho yoxwebhu: Cela i HR ingcaciso ebhaliweyo yendlela abaqeshwa abakhangelwe ngayo nesizathu sokuba ukhethwe. Kwimithetho emininzi, abaqeshi kufuneka banikezele oku xa kuceliwe, ingakumbi ukuba intelekiso ilindelekile.
  3. Checks zezibalo ngokwee-akhawunti: Ukuba kuyenzeka, qokelela ugcino-lwazi ngexesha lazo zilayishwe ngokuchaseneyo nezigciniweyo. Umahluko ocacileyo wezibalo ungaqinisa intengo.
  4. [[FLT: 0] Ifayile isikhalazo esifike ngexesha elifanelekileyo: Qhagamshelana nesiko lonyanzeliso lwangoko. Ungalindi ngaphaya kolu xesha lusebenzayo.
  5. [[FLT: 0] Igqwetha eliqesha : Imiba yobudala inokuba nzima. Igqwetha elinamava kulo mmandla lingabuvavanya ubungqina, licebise ngekhondo elilungileyo lesenzo, likumele kwimicimbi.
  6. Musa ukusayina isivumelwano socaphulo ngaphandle kokuphinda uphinde uphinde u '. Ukuba umqeshi unika imvume ekutshintshiseni umniki-mali wento, yenza isivumelwano sibuyekezwe ligqwetha phambi kokutyikitya. Qiniseka ukuba sihambisana neemfuno ezisemthethweni (ezifana ne-OWBPA kwi-US).

Ikamva Localucalulo Oludala Liyathintelwa

Njengoko abemi abaninzi kumazwe amaninzi aphucukileyo beqhubeka besaluphala, kwaye njengoko i-CVX ikhokelela ekulungiseni okuqhelekileyo, ucalucalulo lobudala luza kuhlala lufanelekile kakhulu. Iinkqubo zokudibanisa ziquka uhlolo olwandisiweyo lokwenza izigqibo ze-algorithm-stylement, njengoko izixhobo ze-AlHIP ezisetyenziselwa ukulungiselela umsebenzi zisenokungaqondi ukubalatha ucalucalucalulo lobudala. Abalawuli sele benike ingqalelo. Umzekelo, iEOC iqalise inyathelo lokuthetha ngobulungisa bomthetho phantsi kwe-ADEA. Ngaphezu koko, i-COVID-19 yabona isikhombe esinxulumene nocalucalucalucalucalucalulo oluqhubekayo. Inkampani engenisa inkqubela, eneminyaka eqinileyo-neultraldatedsss iinkqubo zokuzinyo kuphela kodwa igcina ulwazi olunelukileyo olunexabiso lweze

Isiphelo

Imithetho yocalucalulo lobudala inika abasebenzi imigaqo esisiseko yokukhusela abasebenzi ngokwenjongo yabo, iqinisekisa ukuba ubudala abungomqobo wokuphathana ngokufanelekileyo. Nokuba phantsi kwe-ADEA eUnited States, uMthetho we-Ealcity eUnited Kingdom, okanye imithetho efanayo ehlabathini lonke, le mithetho ifuna ukuba abaqeshi basekele izigqibo ezizinzileyo, iinkqubano zomsebenzi kuneenjongo zobudala beminyaka. Abaqeshwa, ukwazi amalungelo abo kunye namanyathelo okubanyanzelisayo bangenza umahluko omkhulu ekufuneni okusesikweni. Abaqeshi, bamkela imigaqo ecacileyo, engahambelani nomthetho kodwa ekwakha inkqelene nomgangatho wokuhlonela abasebenzi abafumana iingenelo lweminyaka yabo yonke. Ngokuqonda nokusebenzisa ezi migaqo yokukhusela, imibutho iyakwazi ukutshintsha ingqibelelo, nabanga banokuziva bengenazithemba ngokusetyenziswa kwabo ngexesha labo abasebenzi.