Table of Contents

Ukuqonda Inkululeko Yomgwebo Nokubaluleka Kwayo

Ukuzimela geqe kuthetha ukuba abagwebi neenkundla zisebenza ngokukhululekileyo kwimpembelelo engafanelekanga yesebe eliphetheyo, amaqumrhu owiso-mthetho, iinjongo zobuqu, okanye uluvo lukawonke wonke. Ijaji ezimeleyo iyakwazi ukugqiba ngamatyala asekelwe kumthetho kuphela nezibakala ezinikelweyo, ngaphandle koloyiko lwempindezelo, ingcinezelo yezobupolitika, okanye iziphumo zobuqu. Lo mgaqo ugqalwa ehlabathini lonke njengesiseko esisisiseko somthetho kwaye uquluniswe kumaxwebhu anjengeUnited Nations Basic Principles on the Independence of the Judiary.

Kubantu abakhubazekileyo, ukuzimela geqe kuthatha inyathelo elibalulekileyo. Xa iinkundla zizimele ngenene, zinokunyanzelisa imithetho yamalungelo esiphene kwanaxa ezo mithetho zingathandwayo zinezilangazelelo ezinamandla okanye zivavanya izenzo zokungathobeli mthetho kangangexesha elide. Ukuzimela geqe kunikela ukhuseleko kwingcinezelo yabaninzi, ukuqinisekisa ukuba amaqela angenazikhuseli anokushiywa engenazikhuseli xa amalungelo awo ephulwa.

Ukudibana Kwenkululeko Yejaji Namalungelo Angeyoyamkeleko

Amalungelo okungavisisani aye ahambela phambili ngokuphawulekayo kumashumi aliqela eminyaka adluleyo, eqhutywa zisigqibo somthetho nesophawu lwenkundla. Isivumelwano seZizwe ezimanyeneyo samaLungelo abantu Abanesiphene (UN CRPD), esifunyenweyo ngo- 2006, simela ukutshintsha kweparadigm kwindlela okuqondwa ngayo, ukususwa kumzekelo wezonyango okanye wesibonelelo kwimo yelungelo lomntu. I-CRPD ifuna ukuba amaqela aqinisekise ukuba abantu abaneziphene bafikelele ekugwebeni ngokusesikweni, kuquka nokususwa kwemiqobo yokusebenza kwabanye, kuquka nokungangeneleli kwemiqobo ukuze bangene kwimo-mqobo.

Noko ke, imigaqo yomthetho iyodwa ayinele ngaphandle kwesahlulelo esizimeleyo sokutolika nokunyanzelisa. Iinkundla kufuneka zikhululeke ukusebenzisa imithetho elungele ukukhubazeka kwamalungelo esiphene elukholweni olulungileyo, ngaphandle kokubhekisa kwizikhundla zikarhulumente ezisenokuchasa loo malungelo. Xa ijaji iphosakele, kwanemithetho engqongqo inokuba ziileta ezifileyo.

Imisebenzi Yesakhelo Esemthethweni Exhomekeke Kwinkululeko Yogwebo

Izixhobo eziphambili ezininzi ezisemthethweni zixhomekeke kwiinkundla ezizimeleyo ngenxa yempumelelo yazo ekukhuseleni abantu abaneziphene:

  • AmaMelika anoMthetho weNkcitho (ADA) eUnited States ayalwalela ucalucalulo ngokubhekiselele kwisiphene semisebenzi, iinkonzo zikawonke-wonke, iindawo zokuhlala zikawonke-wonke, kunye nezokunxibelelana. Iinkundla zephondo ezizimeleyo zibalulekile ekutolikeni umlinganiselo we-ADA kunye nokufuna iindawo zokuhlala ezifanelekileyo.
  • UMthetho woManga wonyaka wama-2010 eUnited Kingdom uqinisa ukhuselo lwesiphene kwaye ufuna iinkundla ezizimeleyo kunye neenkundla ukuze zichaze izifungo.
  • INdibano yamalungelo abantu abaneziphene kumgangatho wezizwe ngezizwe ixhomekeke kwimiqathango yejaji yesizwe ezimeleyo ukuze iphunyezwe, njengokuba isivumelwano ngokwaso singenayo inkqubo engqalileyo yokunyanzelisa kumgangatho wekhaya.
  • Imithetho yesizwe yokukhubazeka ixhomekeke kumthetho ogwebayo ukuze inike intsingiselo esebenzayo kumazwe amaninzi.

Ngaphandle kokuzimela geqe, ezi nkuselo zisemthethweni zinokuthotywa phantsi lumthetho ongqongqo, iingcaciso ezigqwethekileyo, okanye ukungawusebenzisi ngokungqalileyo umthetho njengoko ubhalwe.

Indima Yenkululeko Yokugweba Iijaji Ekukhuseleni Ukungafezeki Kwamalungelo

Ijaji ezimeleyo yenza imisebenzi emininzi ebalulekileyo ekukhuseleni amalungelo eziphene. Le misebenzi ilawula ukunyanzeliswa, ukutolikwa, nokuphuhliswa kwemizekelo esemthethweni ebumba izithethe zoluntu ekuhambeni kwexesha.

Ukunyanzelwa kweMithetho elwa noNxulumana

Iinkundla ezizimeleyo zinokuba netyala kuwonke-wonke nakubucala xa zicalula abantu abaneziphene. Oku kuquka amatyala abandakanya ukucalucalulwa kwemisebenzi, ukukhanyelwa kwemisebenzi, ukusilela ukubonelela iindawo zokuhlala ezifanelekileyo. Xa iinkundla zingenampembelelo kwezobupolitika, zisenokukhupha imithetho efuna iinguqulelo ezifanelekileyo kwizenzo zolwaphulo-mthetho, kwanaxa olo tshintsho lubiza imali eninzi okanye lunokuphazamisa abamangalelwa abanamandla.

Ngokomzekelo, iinkundla ezizimeleyo ziye zayalela ukuba abasebenzi bezothutho bakarhulumente bafumane imvume yokuba abaqeshi bafumane iintetho zezandla kubasebenzi abazizithulu, kwaye bayalela ukuba amaziko ezonyango anike abasebenzi izixhobo zezonyango ezifikelelekayo.

Ukuqinisekisa iinkonzo zikawonke-wonke eziFikelelekayo

Abantu abakhubazekileyo basoloko bejamelene nemiqobo ekufumaneni iinkonzo zikawonke-wonke ezifana nemfundo, ezonyango, ezothutho, kunye nokuvota. Iinkundla ezizimeleyo zingahlola iinkqubo ze-odoli kunye nezenzo zokuqinisekisa ukuba bayavumelana neemfuno zokufikelela. Izigqibo zomthetho kule ndawo ziye zakhokelela kwinkqubela-phambili ecacileyo, njengeendawo zokunyulwa okufikelelekayo zabavoti abanengxaki yokuhamba, i-brollet nezixhobo ezinkulu zokushicilela kwii-ofisi zikarhulumente, kunye nokubhala amagama kwimiboniso kawonke-wonke.

Inkululeko yejaji ibaluleke ngokukhethekileyo kwiimeko apho urhulumente ngokwakhe engummangalelwa. Ngaphandle kwenkululeko yokugweba, oorhulumente bebenokuchasa imiyalelo yokufumaneka ngaphandle kokufumana isohlwayo, beshiya abantu beneziphene bengakhange bafumane mvume.

Unyango olufanelekileyo lwezengqesho, imfundo, kunye nonyango

Iinkundla ezizimeleyo zinikela ingcebiso apho abantu banokucel ’ umngeni izenzo zolwaphulo-mthetho baze bafune unyango. Iindawo ezingundoqo apho izigqibo ezigwebayo ziye zenza umahluko

  • Inkundla ezithe zafumana ukuba abaqeshi abanako ukulandula ukuqesha abantu abafanelekayo abaneziphene ngokusekelwe kwiimbono ezingenasihlahla malunga namandla abo. Abagwebi abazimeleyo baye bachaza umlinganiselo wendawo yokuhlala elungeleleneyo, ifuna utshintsho kwimigaqo-nkqubo okanye izithuba zomzimba xa ezi zinto zingafaki engxaki ezingeyomfuneko.
  • Imfundo:[ izigqibo zogwebo ziqinisekise ilungelo labantwana abaneziphene ukufumana imfundo kawonke wonke ngesisa nangendlela efanelekileyo kwimeko-bume encinci engqongqo. Iinkundla ziye zayalela isithili sesikolo ukuba sinikezele iiplani zemfundo zomntu ngamnye, ubugcisa obuncedisayo, kunye neenkonzo ezinxulumene nayo.
  • I- Inkcubeko epheleleyo: Iinkundla ezizimeleyo ziye zafuna abanikezeli bezonyango ukunikela iindawo ezifikelelekayo kunye neendawo zonxibelelwano. Izigqibo zikwathetha ngocalulo ekufakeni amalungu omzimba, unyango lobomi, kunye neenkonzo zempilo yengqondo.

Iindawo Zokuhlala Nemisebenzi Efanelekileyo Zokuhlengahlengisa

Ingcamango engundoqo kumthetho okhubazekayo ngumsebenzi wokunika indawo yokuhlala efanelekileyo. Oku kuthetha ukwenza utshintsho olufunekayo kwimithetho, kwiinkqubo, iinkqubo, okanye kwimekobume eyenzekayo ukuqinisekisa ukuba abantu abaneziphene bayangenelela. Ukuzimisela kokuyibumba kakuhle indawo yokuhlala kudla ngokufuna uhlalutyo lobulumko, ulungelelaniso lwemfuno yomntu kunye neemfuno ezisebenzayo zento ebandakanyekileyo.

Iinkundla ezizimeleyo zibalulekile ekwenzeni lo msebenzi wokulungelelanisa kakuhle. Abagwebi kufuneka bakhululeke ukuqwalasela ubungqina, basebenzise imigaqo esemthethweni, kwaye bamisele izigqibo ezinyanzelisa umsebenzi wokusingatha izinto ngaphandle kokuphenjelelwa ziimbono zezobupolitika okanye iimvakalelo zikawonke-wonke. Xa iinkundla zizimele, zinokukugatya ukuqhatha okungekho mthethweni okungekho ngqiqweni kwaye zifuna imigudu enyanisekileyo yokuzibandakanya.

Imbali engokwembali Neemeko eziphambili zomthetho

Ulwalamano phakathi kwamalungelo okuzimela geqe namalungelo eziphene alungolulo nje oluqhelekileyo.

Amatyala Ophawu Lwasezweni Nempembelelo Yawo

EUnited States, ityala leNkundla ePhakamileyo Olmstead v. L.C. (1999) laseka ukuba ukusekwa kwabantu abaneziphene okungeyomfuneko kungucalulo phantsi kwe-ADA. INkundla yathi amatyala kufuneka anikezele iinkonzo ezisekelwe kuluntu xa kufanelekile, kunye neenkundla eziphantsi ezizimeleyo ukususela oko kunyanzelise lo mgaqo kwiimeko ezininzi. Isigqibo sakwazi ukufumaneka kuphela ngenxa yokuba ugunyaziso lwejaji lwalukhululekile ukutolika ulawulo lwe-ADA lwangaphandle kokubhekisa kurhulumente ocetyo enconywa yiziko yezikomvo.

KuManyano eUnited Kingdom, imeko ye R (ekusetyenzweni kwe-M) v. Unobhala we-Rhulumente ukwenzela umsebenzi kunye nentengo (2021) wathetha ngofikelelo lweengxelo zentlalo-ntle kubantu abaneemeko zempilo yengqondo. Uhlolo oluzimeleyo lweNkundla ePhakamileyo lweenkqubo zikarhulumente lwakhokelela ekucacisweni okubalulekileyo malunga nomsebenzi ukwenza utshintsho olusengqiqweni kwinkqubo yokuhlola.

EKhanada, isigqibo seNkundla ePhakamileyo eEldridge v. iBritish Columbia (Indawo ebanzi ye-attney) (1997) ifuna urhulumente wephondo ukuba anikezele kulwimi lwezandla kubaguli abazizithulu abafikelela kwiinkonzo zonyango. Inkululeko yeNkundla yavumela ukuba iwalahle amaxabiso karhulumente kwaye iqinisekise ilungelo lomGaqo-siseko lokufikelela kulwazi lwempilo.

Kumgangatho wezizwe ngezizwe, iNkundla yamaMelika eInter-Melika yamalungelo abantu ikhuphe izimvo nezigqibo ezichaza amalungelo abantu abaneziphene phantsi kwezixhobo zamalungelo abantu zengingqi. Ukuzimele kwale nkundla kumasebe ezobupolitika amazwe angamalungu kuye kwafuneka ekuphuhliseni amalungelo esiphene aqhubekayo.

Ucelomngeni Lokufumana Inkululeko Yokugweba

Nangona ibaluleke gqitha, imibandela yokuzimela geqe isenokusongelwa ehlabathini lonke.

Umahluko Wezobupolitika

Ukungenelela kwezobupolitika kwicandelo lezeenkundla zezomthetho kunezimo ezininzi, ukususela kwingcinezelo engqalileyo kubagwebi kwiimeko ezithile ukusa kwiinkqubo ezithe kratya ezipheliswayo zokumiselwa kwekomiti, uqingqo-mali, kunye nenkululeko yamaqumrhu. Kwamanye amazwe, abalawuli baye bazama ukususa abagwebi abalawula ngokuchasene neemfuno zikarhulumente, ngoxa kwamanye, izikhululo zemithetho iye zamisela imithetho ekhubaza iinkundla ezilawula izinto ezithile, kuquka amatyala anokuphembelela iziphumo zokulawula, abantu abaneziphene ezinokukhubazeka baphulukana nemigaqo-mthetho ngenxa yokucinezekelelwa kwemibango yocalulo oluluvo olululo, yaye bawamisela amalungelo abo.

Ukunganyaniseki Nokungabikho Kwendlela Ebonisa Umahluko

Ukunganyaniseki okukhoyo kwicandelo lezezimali kunciphisa ukuzimela kwalo kwaye kuphelisa ukuthembana kwabantu. Xa abagwebi benokunyotywa okanye bephenjelelwa zizinto ezinamandla, ukuthembeka kwemigaqo-mthetho kuyathintelwa. Kubantu abaneziphene, abasenokuba sele bejamelene nemiqobo ephawulekayo ekufikeleleni inkqubo engokwasemthethweni, ijaji eyonakeleyo ibangela umqobo ongenakuthintelwa. Amalungelo abandakanya iziphene anokugqitywa ngokusekelwe ekucingeleni okungafanelekanga kunokuba kufuneke kulungelwe isidima, ukukhuthaza ucalucalucalulo kunokuba kuphe.

IiSocietals ne-Ableism

Kwanakwizigwebo ezizimeleyo, ucalucalulo lobuqu lwabagwebi lungachaphazela iziphumo. I-bleism, okanye ucalucalulo oluxhasa abantu abakwaziyo ukuzenzela izigqibo zomthetho, lungaphembelela ukwenza izigqibo zomthetho ngeendlela ezichuliweyo kodwa ezibalulekileyo. Abagwebi basenokungaqondi ukuba abantu abaneziphene banokukwazi ukumelana nocalucalucalulo okanye bangabi namsebenzi weendawo zokuhlala. Oku kungenxa yoko kuyimfuneko ukuba imfundo yokwayalela nokuqeqesha amalungelo eengxaki nokuqonda, kwanakwinkqubo ezizimeleyo.

Uqeqesho noMthetho wokuNika iNgxelo

Ukuzimela ngokwamagunya akunantsingiselo ukuba abantu abaneziphene abakwazi ukufikelela kwiinkundla kwasekuqaleni. Imiqobo engokwasemzimbeni kwiinkundla, ukunqongophala kobugcisa obuncedisayo, ukungabikho kwabatoliki bolwimi lwezandla, kunye neemfuno zentetho entsonkothileyo zonke zithintela ukufikelela kokusesikweni. Ngaphezu koko, indleko ephezulu yokumela okusemthethweni kunye nokufumaneka okulinganiselweyo koncedo olusemthethweni kunokwenza abantu abaneziphene ekufuneni amayeza okugweba. Ijaji ezimeleyo kufuneka ikhatshwe ngamanyathelo aqinileyo ukuqinisekisa ukuba iingcango zenkundla zivulelwe bonke abantu.

Ukuhlaselwa Komthetho Owiswe Ngomthetho

Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ukuhlaselwa kwamaziko agweba ngokusemthethweni kuye kwaxhaphaka kakhulu kumazwe amaninzi. Oku kuhlasela kusenokuquka ubuchule bokuthetha obukrakra, izisongelo nxamnye nabagwebi, kunye nemigudu yokuthoba intembelo yoluntu kwizigqibo zenkundla. Xa ijaji ixelwa ilula, amandla ayo okunyanzelisa amalungelo eziphene abuthathaka, njengoko abamangalelwa besenokungavumi ukuhambisana nemiyalelo yenkundla kwaye abantu basenokuphelelwa lukholo kwimigaqo yomthetho. Ukukhusela ukuzimela kwenkundla akufuni nje ukukhusela kodwa kukwanento ebanzi yokuzibophelela ngomthetho.

Indlela Inkululeko Yezogwebo Eyingenelo Ngayo Kubantu Abaneziphene

Iingenelo zejaji ezimeleyo kubantu abaneziphene ziquka imiba emininzi yobomi bentlalo nobusemthethweni.

Ukunyanzelwa Okunempumelelo Kwemithetho Yamalungelo Ahlukileyo

Iinkundla ezizimeleyo zingasebenzisa imithetho yamalungelo esiphene ngokungaguquguqukiyo, ngaphandle kokukhetha amaqumrhu karhulumente okanye abadlali abazimeleyo. Oku kwenza ukuba kubekho ucalucalulo olunemiphumo ekhoyo, nalapho amalungelo ekhuselwayo kungakhathaliseki ukuba lowo waphulayo unegunya okanye impembelelo. Xa iinkundla zizimele, imithetho echasene nocalucalulo lweziphene inamandla kwaye inentsingiselo, kunokuba ibe zizithembiso ezingafezeki.

Ukufumaneka okunyusiweyo kokusesikweni nokuThenjelwa kwinkqubo engokwasemthethweni

Abantu abaneziphene badla ngokufuna unyango olusemthethweni xa bethemba ukuba abagwebi baya kuwava amatyala abo ngokusesikweni nangokungenakhethe. Ukuzimela ngokwamatyala kwakha oku kuthembana ngokubonakalisa ukuba iinkundla zisebenza ngokwemithetho kunokuba zisebenzise imigaqo elawulayo okanye ikhethe. Ukukholosa ngesebe lejaji kukhuthaza ukuchaza ucalucalulo, ukuba nenxaxheba kwiinkundla zomthetho, nokuthobela imiyalelo yenkundla, konke okuko okuyomeleza inkqubo yokukhuselwa kwamalungelo.

Ukukhusela Ucalucalulo Xa Kukho Ulwaphulo - mthetho

Izigqibo zomthetho kumatyala amalungelo esiphene zidala imizekelo ekhokela ihambo yexesha elizayo yoorhulumente, amashishini, nabantu ngabanye. Iinkundla ezizimeleyo zingamisela imilinganiselo ecacileyo engokwasemthethweni yokufumaneka, iindawo zokuhlala ezifanelekileyo, nokungathinteli okuthintela ukwaphulwa kwemithetho kwixesha elizayo. Impembelelo yokuthintelwa komthetho onamandla inciphisa ukwanda kocalucalulo ekuhambeni kwexesha, njengoko abo banokuchasa beqonda ukuba baya kubekwa ityala.

Ukukhuthazwa kobudlelane notshintsho lwenkqubo

Ngaphandle kwamatyala ngamanye, izigqibo zogwebo zingakhuthaza utshintsho olubanzi lwezentlalo-ntle kwizinto ezidibeneyo nezifikelelekayo. Iinkundla ziye zayalela utshintsho kwiinkqubo zonke, ezifana neenkqubo zothutho lukawonke-wonke, iinkqubo zemfundo, kunye neenkqubo zonyango, ezifuna ukuba bafikeleleke kubantu abakhubazekileyo. Ezi nguqulelo zenkqubo zinokungenelwa kungekuphela nje ngabantu ngabanye abaneziphene ezisisiphene ezizipheneyo, kwanakwibutho labantu abaneziphene ezibanzi. Icandelo elizimeleyo libekwe kwindawo ekhethekileyo ukugunyazisa utshintsho olunjalo, njengoko linokuxhathisa iingcinezelo zezobupolitika ezinokuthi ngandlel

Ukukhuselwa Ekuvuselweni Kwenkqubo

Kwinkqubo yedemokhrasi, izinto eziphambili eziphambili kulawulo oluphezulu nomthetho zingatshintshwa lunyulo kunye nemijikelo yezobupolitika. Iinkundla ezizimeleyo zinika umlinganiselo wozinzo ngokunyanzela amalungelo akhuselwe ngumthetho kungakhathaliseki ukuba yiyiphi imeko yezopolitiko. Oku kubaluleke ngokukhethekileyo kubantu abaneziphene, abanamalungelo anokuba buthathaka ekuguqulweni kwemigaqo-nkqubo ngabalawuli abachasayo kwimiqathango yokukhubazeka okanye imigudu yokufaka iliso.

Imbono yoMmandla weNtlalo-ntle yoLuntu

Ulwalamano phakathi kwenkululeko yokulawula neengxaki zesiphene luyahluka kwiingingqi nakwiinkqubo ezisemthethweni. Ukuqonda oku kwahluka komahluko kunokukwazisa ukuthembeka nokuguqula imigudu.

Umntla Merika

EUnited States naseKhanada, ukhuseleko olunamandla lwemiGaqo-siseko kunye nezithethe ezimiselwe zenkululeko yokugweba zinika isiseko sokugcinwa kwamalungelo abantu abakhubazekileyo. Iinkundla ezizimeleyo zikhuphe izigqibo ezininzi ezibalulekileyo ngokufumaneka, iindawo zokuhlala ezifanelekileyo, nokungaguquguquki. Noko ke, omabini amazwe ajongene nocelomngeni olunxulumene nokubekwa kwemiqathango esesikweni kunye nemigaqo-siseko yemali echaphazela ukufikelela kokusesikweni.

I-Europe

Iinkqubo zomthetho zaseYurophu, kuquka iEuropean Union neBhunga laseYurophu, ziye zaphuhlisa izicwangciso eziqinileyo zokuzimela geqe namalungelo okukhubazeka. Noko ke, iNkundla yaseYurophu yamalungelo abantu iye yalungisa ucalucalulo lweziphene kwiimeko ezibandakanya ukuqulunqwa, ukuvota, nokufikelela kobulungisa. Iinkundla zeSizwe kumazwe anjengeJamani, iFransi, kunye namazwe aseNordic aye anegalelo ekuqhubeni phambili kumalungelo oluntu. Noko ke, iingxaki zisekho kwamanye amazwe aseMpuma Mpuma Yurophu apho inkululeko yokulawula imicimbi iphantsi kwengcinezelo.

IAsia NePasifiki

E-Asia, urhulumente wenkululeko yokugweba kunye namalungelo eziphene ahlukene kakhulu. Amazwe anjengeJapan, uMzantsi Korea, kunye neIndiya aneejaji ezizimeleyo eziye zathetha ngemibandela yamalungelo esiphene. Inkundla ePhakamileyo yaseIndiya ikhuphe izigqibo ezibalulekileyo zokufumaneka nokufakwa, kuquka imithetho yokufumaneka okukhululekileyo kwizakhiwo kunye nezithuthi zikawonke-wonke. Noko ke, kwezinye iindawo, inkululeko yokulawula ityala ibuthathaka, kwaye amalungelo ekhubazekileyo ahlala enyanzelekile.

I-Afrika

Amazwe aseAfrika aye enza inkqubela ekwamkeleni imithetho yamalungelo esiphene, kodwa ukunyanzelisa ukuhla komthetho ngenxa yokungabi nazintsebenziswano zokulawula, imiqathango ephantsi, kunye nezinto ezifuna ukukhuphisana. ISiqendu saseAfrika kuMalungelo oluntu nawoluntu sinikela isiseko sengingqi, kwaye ezinye iinkundla zesizwe ziphumeze izigqibo ezibalulekileyo kumalungelo ezikhubazekileyo. Noko ke, ukungenelela kwezopolitiko kwijaji kuhlala kuseyinkxalabo kumazwe amaninzi, kunciphisa amandla eenkundla ukukhusela amaqela angenabungozi.

ILatin America NeCaribbean

KuMzantsi Merika, amazwe anjenge-Argentina, i-Brazil, neCosta Rica anemiqathango ezimeleyo ejongene neengxaki zamalungelo ezikhubazeko. Inkqubo yamalungelo abantu yase-Inter-America ikwafak' isandla ngezigqibo zayo nangeembono zayo. Noko ke, ukunganyaniseki nengcinezelo yezobupolitika kusekho kwiimfuno ezithile, kwaye ukufikelela kobulungisa kubantu abaneziphene kudla ngokulinganiselwa bubuhlwempu nokungabi namali esemthethweni.

Ukuqinisa Inkululeko Yogwebo - zincwadi Ngenxa Yamalungelo Angeyoyamkeleki

Ukukhusela nokuqinisa inkululeko yokugweba kubalulekile ekuhambiseleni phambili amalungelo abantu abaneziphene.

Imfundo Nengqeqesho Yezeejaji

Ukuxhobisa ekuqeqesheni abagwebi kumalungelo okukhubazeka, ufikelelo, kunye neendawo zokuhlala ezifanelekileyo kunganceda ukuqinisekisa ukuba izigqibo zomthetho zibonisa ukuqonda ngokuchanileyo iimfuno zomthetho kunye namava aphilayo abantu abaneziphene. Uqeqesho olunjalo kufuneka luqwalasele zombini imibandela engokwasemthethweni encinci kunye namanyathelo asebenzisekayo ukuqinisekisa ukuba inkundla iyafumaneka. IKhomishini yeNkqubano yezezimali ye-JURC kunye neminye imibutho inikela oovimba kunye neenkqubo kwinkululeko yokulawula kunye namalungelo abantu aquka asekelwe kwisiphene.

Ukukhuselwa Kokwakha Kwenkululeko Yejaji

Imigaqo esemthethweni neyomGaqo-siseko yokuzikhusela kwenkululeko yokugweba, kuquka ukukhuselwa, imbuyekezo eyaneleyo, kunye neenkqubo zokumiswa nokuzimela uqeqesho, zisisiseko. Imigudu yobugqwirha kufuneka ijolise ekuqiniseni ezi khuseleko nasekuxhaseni imizamo yokuzithoba. Imigangatho yezizwe ngezizwe, enjenge-UN Basic Principles on the Independence of the Judicary, inika izigqeba zokuhlola nokuphucula ezi nqanaba.

Ukufumaneka kweenkqubo zenkundla

Iinkundla kufuneka zifikeleleke ngokwasemzimbeni nangokwesithethe kubantu abaneziphene. Oku kuquka iingcango zesitulo esinamavili neenkundla zenkundla, izixhobo zokuphulaphula ngokuncedisayo, abatoliki bentetho yezandla, amaxwebhu akwifomati efikelelekayo, kunye neenkqubo ezivumela ukufikelela kolwazi kunye nokungakwazi ukunxibelelana.

Iinkonzo zoNcedo olungokwasemthethweni

Ukufikelela ekunikezeleni kwinkxaso esemthethweni nakwinkxaso yabantu abakhubazekileyo kunganceda ekuqinisekiseni ukuba bangalisebenzisa ngokunempumelelo ilungelo labo lokufikelela kwiinkundla. Oku kuquka ukuxhasa ngemali ukumela okusemthethweni, ukukhubazeka, imibutho yokuzixhasa yobuqu neenkqubo. Ngaphandle kwenkxaso enjalo, kwanejaji ezizimeleyo ezimeleyo isenokuhlala ingafikeleli abantu abaninzi abanesiphene abangenazo izibonelelo zokulandela iimfuno zomthetho.

Iindima Zoluntu NezobuGcisa

Imibutho yamakhaya ejonge amalungelo eenshologo idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuhloleni ukuzimela geqe, ekufakeni izindululo ezifutshane kwiimeko eziphambili, nasekukhuthazeni ukuhlaziywa komthetho. Le mibutho ikwanokubhala amatyala ocalulo okanye ukungenelela kwaye iphakamise uluntu ngeemeko ezisongela inkululeko yokugweba. Ukuxhasa umsebenzi wemibutho enjalo komeleza amalungelo ozimela-mthetho kunye neziphene.

Indlela Engaphambili

Ukuzimela geqe akuyongcamango engekho ngqiqweni kodwa yimfuneko esebenzisekayo yokukhusela amalungelo asisiseko. Kubantu abaneziphene, abaye bajamelana nembali yokucalucalulwa, nocalucalulo, kunye nokubekwa phantsi, ijaji elizimeleyo linikela inkqubo enzima yokunyanzelisa ukukhuselwa ngokusemthethweni nokufikelela inxaxheba elinganayo kwibutho labantu.

Unxulumano phakathi kozimeleyo olulawulayo kunye namalungelo esiphene aphinda afunyanwe. Ukuzimela ngokwamalungelo angqongqo okulawula inkundla kwenza ukuba amalungelo esiphene anyanzeliswe ngokunempumelelo, ngoxa ukuhlonelwa kwamalungelo esiphene kuqinisa ilungelo kunye nokuthembeka kwejaji. Ngokusebenza ukomeleza zombini, ibutho labantu linokwakha iinkqubo ezisemthethweni ezisesikweni, eziquka onke amalungu ebutho.

Njengoko izisongelo zokuzimela geqe ziqhubeka zivela kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zehlabathi, iziphene namahlakani azo kufuneka bahlale bephaphile ekukhuseleni esi siko sibalulekileyo. Amalungelo abantu abaneziphene axhomekeke kwiinkundla ezinokugqiba amatyala ngaphandle koloyiko okanye ukukholiswa. Ijaji ezimeleyo ayiyonto yolonwabo kodwa iyimfuneko yebutho labantu elilixabisa ngokwenene isidima nolinganiswano lwabo bonke abantu.