Umbono Womanyano: Amandla Ahlala Ehleli Eqalini

Isiqalo somGaqo-siseko waseUnited States singaphezulu kakhulu kunesiqalo nje soxwebhu olusemthethweni. Sifana nentetho ecacileyo emisela isiseko sobucukubhede bentanda-bulumko nesokuziphatha kuso sonke isiseko solawulo lwamaMelika. Kumagama nje angama-52 akhethwe ngenyameko, iPregailding ichaza umbono odityanisiweyo webutho labantu elakhiwe ngokusesikweni, uxolo, ukhuseleko, intlalo-ntle, kunye nenkululeko. Isebenza njengesikhuthazo esikhuthaza ukukhuthaza imvelaphi enzulu yekratshi lesizwe nomanyano lwesizwe. Lo mhlathi mfutshane ukhuthaza ummi ngamnye ukuba azibone njengenxalenye yequmrhuluko enkulu, eyahlukeneyo, ishishini elinomsebenzi opheleleyo, "umanyano olugqibeleleyo kakhulu" esoloko izabalazel ukuzalisekisa iinjongo zawo eziphezulu.

Imbali yendalo yesiqalo

Ukuwaxabisa ngokupheleleyo amandla esiqalo, umntu kufuneka aziqonde iimeko zokudalwa kwayo. Ngehlobo lonyaka ka-1787, abathunywa abavela kumaphondo alishumi elinesibini abahlanganisene eFiladelfiya ngexesha lengxaki enkulu. Uhlanga oluselula, olulawulwa ngamanqaku abuthathaka eeNtlalo, lwathwaxwa kukungalungelelani kwezoqoqosho, ukuxambulisana kwemiba, nezisongelo zokuphazamisana kweminye amazwe. UShays's's Gavrings ngo1786 watyhila ubukhazikhazi borhulumente ophakathi, obengenalo igunya lokunyusa umkhosi okanye irhafutho. Governe Morris [[FLT: 1], umbhali oyintloko wePreggerie, waboniswa umsebenzi wokwenza ulwimi lokugqibela, kwaye waqonda ukuba uxwebhu olune olunelufunayo.

UMorris wakhetha ngabom amagama " thina bantu kunokuba sibe "Twena mazwe," isenzo senguquko esasusa umthombo wegunya likarhulumente kumazwe ukuya kubemi. Oku kuyila kwakungathethi nto nje engaziwayo; sasisisaziso sentanda-bulumko sokuba umGaqo-siseko omtsha wafumana ilungelo lawo lokumiselwa kwemvume yabalawuli. Ngexesha apho iinkosi kunye nobukhosi babulawula ihlabathi, oku kwaba kukurhoxa okugqithisileyo. UPregay wasebenza njengakuthethelela urhulumente omtsha kunye nesibheno sombutho kwingi soluntu esizinzileyo esiqhelekileyo. Ukutshona okunzulu kwempikiswano edibekileyo, [FFOLD], ii-National [FOLT] [F]

Ukwakhiwa kweentsika Ezintandathu Zenjongo Yesizwe

Isiqalo sidwelisa iinjongo ezintandathu ezahlukileyo kodwa ezidityanisiweyo zikarhulumente omtsha. Ibinzana ngalinye limela ukuzinikela okungundoqo okuchukumisa ngokunzulu ngokokwazi kwamaMerika kwaye kuyaqhubeka kukhuthaza ukuganana kwebutho labantu.

"Imanyano eGqityiweyo"

Le njongo ivunyiweyo iyavuma ukuba umanyano olukhoyo phantsi kweZihloko zeNkqutyana luye lwaphosakele. Lubonisa imbopheleleko yokuqhubekeka nokuphuculwa nokudityaniswa. Ibinzana elithi "ukufezeka" liyintelekelelo egqibeleleyo ngabom, iqonda ukuba ifezeko ilungile kodwa ayisoze ifunyanwe ngokupheleleyo. Le ngcamango yokuqhubekeka kumanyano olungcono iye yayimpembelelo eqhubela phambili kwimbali yaseMelika, ukusuka ekucinyweni kobukhoboka kumlo wamalungelo abantu. Ifuna abemi ukuba balujonge uhlanga lwabo njengomsebenzi oqhubekayo, omnye ofuna umgudu nonikezelo oluqhubekayo.

"Ubulungisa belizwe lakwaSirayeli"

Okusesikweni kusisiko sebutho labantu abazinzileyo. Izakhelo zaqonda ukuba ngaphandle kwenkqubo yomthetho esesikweni nengakhethi buso, bekungayi kubakho uxolo okanye impumelelo ehlala ihleli. Eli binzana lithembisa umthetho, ukuphathwa ngokulinganayo phantsi komthetho, kunye nenkqubo yeenkundla ezinokucombulula iimpikiswano ngaphandle kokubhenela kugonyamelo. Ukusekwa kwesigwebo kwakuthetha ukuyila imfazwe yejaji yequmrhu elinokwahlula phakathi kwamazwe nokukhusela abemi kwisenzo soburhulumente somgaqo-siseko.

"Indlela yokuzikhusela yasekhaya"

Inkumbulo yovukelo lukaShays yayintsha ezingqondweni zabathunywa xa babhala la mazwi. "Ingqinisekiso yoxolo lwangaphakathi" lidinga loxolo lwangaphakathi nozinzo. Ibeka urhulumente worhulumente wolawulo ngolungelelwano, ithintela ukuvukelwa, kwaye iqinisekisa ukuba abemi bangaphila ngaphandle koloyiko lwezidubedube. Olu sukelo lubotshwe ngqo kumandla karhulumente okuthintela imvukelo nokunyanzelisa imithetho ngokulinganayo ngaphaya koorhulumente. Kumongo wangoku, lugxininisa ukubaluleka komthetho, ulawulo longxamiseko, ulawulo longxamiseko, nokuthunyelwa koxolo kwamandla ezobupolitika.

"Iprojekthi yokhuselo oluqhelekileyo"

Ukhuseleko lwesiZwe lungumsebenzi oyintloko walo naluphi na urhulumente olawulayo. Eli binzana linika urhulumente wesizwe igunya lokunyusa imikhosi, ukwakha iinqanawa zemfazwe, nokukhusela uhlanga kwizisongelo zamanye amazwe. Noko ke, igama elithi "omntlulhant" libalulekile", ligxininisa ukuba ukhuseleko luxanduva olwabelweneyo nengenelo. Ukhuseleko lwesizwe aluyilo ukhuseleko lwengingqi okanye iqela elinye kodwa linegunya elilinganayo kubo bonke abemi. Lo mgaqo usekelwe ekumisweni kweSebe lokhuselo, idrafti yomkhosi ngexesha lemfazwe, kwaye izivumelwano zokhuseleko ezimanyeneyo iUnited States zingene nezizwe ezimanyeneyo.

ISebe libonise ukuba i-CPF i-

Mhlawumbi esona sibizo sikhulu kakhulu kwinqanaba lokuqalisa, "indawo yokhuseleko jikelele" ibingumbandela wokuchazwa okubanzi komGaqo-siseko. Inika urhulumente igunya lokuthatha inyathelo elinceda abemi balapho bebonke. Oku kuye kwasetyenziselwa ukuthethelela yonke into esuka kwimisebenzi yengqalelo efana nenkqubo yohola-ndlela ekwimijelo ephakathi ukuya kwiinetha zokhuseleko lwentlalo-ntle njengeSocial Security kunye neMedicare. Ibinzana libonisa ukuba urhulumente kufuneka enze okungaphezulu kunokukhusela nje kuphela kunye namapolisa; kufuneka akwenze ngokukhutheleyo oko kuvumela abemi bakhe ukuba baqhubeke. Kulu yimfuneko ekuphuculeni imigaqo ephucula impilo kawonke, imfundo, nethuba lezoqoqosho.

Zigcineleni Iintsikelelo Zenkululeko Nesiko Lethu

Injongo yokugqibela ichazwe ngokucacileyo kwikamva. Inkululeko ichazwa njenge "intsikelelo," isipho esimele silondolozwe kwaye sikhuselwe kwizizukulwana ezingekazalwa. Oku kudala ibhulorho yexesha elifutshane phakathi kwesizukulwana sokusekwa kunye nabo bonke abantu baseMerika bexesha elizayo, ibethelela ingqiqo yobuphathi. AbaFrames babeqonda ukuba babesakha uhlanga oluya kuphila, kwaye babefuna ukuqinisekisa ukuba inkululeko ababelwele yona iza kuhlala. Eli binzana likhuthaza imbono ende yomsebenzi woburhulumente, likhumbuza abemi ukuba izenzo zabo namhlanje ziza kubumba inkululeko yabantwana babo nabazukulwana. [[FLT:]]

Isiqalo Sokuziqhayisa

Ikratshi leBHAYIBHILE lizimvakalelo ezisondeleleneyo ezingokweemvakalelo kumaziko neenjongo zesizwe sabo. Inkcazo ihlakulela eli qhayiya ngokukhuthaza umbono owahlukeneyo odlula izahlulo zezobupolitika. Xa abemi becengceleza isaziso, enoba basegumbini leklasi, kwimibhiyozo yendalo, okanye ngexesha lesiganeko sikawonke wonke, baba nenxaxheba kwisithethe sokuzichaza ngokwamaqela. Baqinisekisa ukuba ngamalungu abo kwibutho lezobupolitika elisekelwe kwimigaqo yokusesikweni, inkululeko nedemokhrasi.

Le ngcamango yekratshi ayisekelwanga kubuzwe obungekho mthethweni kodwa kuxabiso lweenjongo zesiseko sohlanga. Isiqalo sinika uphawu apho abemi banokulinganisa khona umsebenzi karhulumente wabo. Xa umthetho okanye inkqubo ihambelana neenjongo zokuseka okusesikweni okanye ukukhuthaza intlalo-ntle yoluntu ngokubanzi, ikhuthaza ukuthembana kwentlalo-ntle yabantu. Xa iphelelwa, iSihlomelo sinika amagama okuziphatha okuhle ngenxa yokuzingca nokutshintsha. Sinika abemi ukuba bagcine urhulumente wabo enokuba netyala ngexa bebonke bebongela ukunceda urhulumente ukuba baphumeze ubuchule obungcono bohlanga. Lo msebenzi umbini ukhuthaza iinjongo zoluntu nokuqhayisa iinjongo zazo zoluntu nokuzenza zikwazi ukuthembeka kwazo.

Ukumanyanisa Uhlanga Olungafaniyo Ngokusebenzisa Iinjongo Ezabelanayo

IUnited States yenye yezona zizwe zahlukeneyo emhlabeni, eziquka uthotho lweentlanga, iinkonzo, izithethe neenkolelo zobupolitika. Okumanyanisa aba bantu bahlukahlukeneyo asingomnombo omnye okanye unqulo olwahlukeneyo kodwa kukuzibophelela kwiinjongo zezobupolitika. IPregagery yeyona nkcazelo ingqalileyo kwezo migaqo. Isebenza njengemfundiso emanyanisayo enokuqulunqwa ngabantu bazo zonke iimvelaphi.

Ngexesha lengxaki okanye lecandelo lobuzwe, isaziso sidla ngokuphinda sibonakale njengesilingo somanyano. Emva kwemfazwe yamakhaya, emva kwamazwi engcaciso acelwa ukuthethelela ukuhlaziywa kolawulo lobukhoboka nokuqinisekiswa kokhuseleko olulinganayo phantsi komthetho. Ngexesha lenani lamaLungu, iinkokeli ezinjengoMartin Luther King Jr. zabhenela kwisithembiso sokusesikweni nenkululeko yokufuna ukupheliswa kwenkululeko yokukhetha ityala nocalucalulo. Kutshanje, ngamaxesha athile, ukusetyenziswa kwezobupolitika, abemi neenkokeli ngokufanayo baye babuyela kumkhosi wokwazisa uhlanga ngenjongo yalo. Inika umhlaba ongathathi calathi cala kwiinjongo eziphantse ukuba bonke abantu baseMerika bavumelana, kwanokuba banokungavumelani kwiindlela zokuphumelela.

La mandla amanyanisayo abaluleke ngokukhethekileyo kwinkqubo karhulumente apho urhulumente kunye ne-onkcubeko yasekuhlaleni maxa wambi zinokugquma ubuzwe. IGama elikhumbuza abemi ukuba bayinxalenye yento enkulu kunengingqi yabo. Ikhuthaza imvakalelo yokuba ngabemi besizwe ababotshelelwe kunye ngokubotshelelwa komGaqo-siseko ongokwahlukeneyo kubulungisa, inkululeko, kunye nentlalo-ntle jikelele. Iziko loMgaqo-siseko wesizwe [[[FLTL:1]] unikela uhlalutyo olubalaseleyo ngendlela okuthelwe ngayo iNgxelo yoMgaqo kwimbali eyahlukeneyo.

Isiqalo Semfundo Nesicombululo SaseMerika

Kwizizukulwana, isiqalo besiye saba sesinye sezibhalo zokuqala abafundi baseMerika abazifundileyo. Abantwana bezikolo kulo lonke ilizwe bawacengceleza amazwi abo, bewacengceleza ekuqaleni kosuku lwesikolo okanye kwimisitho yezentlalo. Oku kuvela kwangethuba kuvelisa imbewu yolwazi lwezentlalo.

Iindlela Zokufundisa Isiqalo

Abafundisi abaphumelelayo abaceli abafundi ukuba bacengceleze iNgxelo; banceda abafundi bakhuphe intsingiselo yayo baze bayinxulumanise nobomi babo.

  • [[UMTL:0] Vala ufundo kunye nokucaciswa: Abafundi bayaphula ibinzana ngalinye balibhale kwakhona ngamagama abo, benza ulwimi lweshumi elinesibhozo lwenkulungwane lufikeleleke kwaye lufaneleke.
  • Ukudibanisa kwiziganeko zangoku:[ Abafundisi bacela abafundi ukuba bachaze amabali eendaba anxulumene nosukelo ngalunye kwezintandathu, njengetyala leNkundla Ephakamileyo elingobulungisa okanye impendulo yentlekele enxulumene nenzolo yasekhaya.
  • Imisebenzi ye- e-' Abafundi benza iifoto, iividiyo, okanye iingoma ezibonisa imigaqo yenginginya, zidla ngokuzoba kwinkcubeko ethandwayo ukwenza iingcamango zivakala.
  • [[UMTL: 0] Ingxoxo: abafundi abadala baphikisana ngobungakanani bomgaqo woncedo-ntlalo-ntle jikelele okanye baxubushe ukuba urhulumente uzikhusela ngokunempumelelo iintsikelelo zenkululeko yabo bonke abemi.

Ezi ndlela zobuchule ziqinisekisa ukuba iNgxelo ihlala iluxwebhu oluphilayo kunokuba ibe yincwadi yembali. Abafundi bafunda ukuba imigaqo yengcaciso ayiyoenjongo ezingekho ngqiqweni kodwa lukhokelo olusebenzisekayo lokuvavanya urhulumente wabo kunye nenxaxheba yabo yezentlalo. izifaniso ze-ibugcisa , eziye zasekwa yiJaji yeNkundla ePhakamileyo Sandra Day O'Connor, ezinika ubuncwane obuphezulu obukhululekileyo bokufundisa umGaqo-siseko kunye nowokuqala ngezenzo.

Isiqalo Seenkqubo Zokuzenzela Izinto

ISihlomelo sikwadlala indima ephambili kwinkqubo yokuba ngummi waseMerika. Ngexesha lemibhiyozo yendalo, abemi abatsha bacelwa ukuba bacengceleze iNgxelo okanye bacinge ngentsingiselo yayo. Le nkonzo igxininisa ukuba ukuba ukuba ngummi waseMerika akuyondlela esemthethweni nje kodwa ukwamkelwa kwemigaqo. Kubantu abavela kwamanye amazwe abaye bakhetha ukwenza iUnited States ikhaya labo libe nobunzima obukhulu. Imela isithembiso sethuba, isigwebo, kunye nenkululeko ebatsalela kulo uhlanga. Ukuphulaphula nokuthetha la mazwi ngexesha lokuyila kwendalo kudala unxulumano olunamandla lwemvakalelo kwinjongo yohlanga.

Isiqalo Sezithethe Nenkumbulo Kawonke - wonke

Impembelelo yePregageing idlulela ngaphaya kwegumbi lokufundela nenkundla. Ibalasele impucuko ethandwayo yaseMerika, ebonakala kwiifilimu, kumculo, nakubugcisa boluntu. Ingoma yesikolo yerock "Isiqalo" yazisa izigidi zabantwana kwimigca yokuvula yomGaqo-siseko ngengoma emnandi. Ibinzana elithi "Thina bantu" livela kwizakhiwo zikarhulumente, imali, kunye nakwizakhiwo zikawonke-wonke. Isetyenziswa kwizibhengezo, iintetho zezobupolitika, kunye nemibutho yasekuhlaleni njengesixhobo esifutshane solawulo lolawulo-demokhrasi.

Oku kwanela kwenkcubeko kuqinisa indima yeSihlomelo njengophawu olumanyanisayo. Xa abemi bedibana nesahlo kwifilimu okanye kumqondiso wokuqhankqalaza, bakhunjulwa ngamaxabiso ahlukeneyo asisiseko sohlanga. Kuba sisikolo sengxoxo kawonke-wonke, ibinzana elinokubizwa ukuba lifumane indawo ephakamileyo yokuziphatha kwingxoxo yezobupolitika. Kodwa ke, oku kungabikho kufutshane kwenza isiqalo sokhuphiswano sihlale sifanelekile kwiimeko eziguqukayo zembali. Amaqela ahlukeneyo angatolika "intelekelelo" okanye "libertry" ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, nto leyo ekhokelela ekungavumelani ukungavisisani ngoko kufunwa nguPregethi. Oku akubo ubuthathaka kodwa kululaza kobuPregtion.

Ukuphakamisa Nokucaciswa Okuqhubekayo Kwale Mihla

Kwinkulungwane yama-21, iNgcaciso iyaqhubeka ikwazisa ukutolikwa komGaqo-siseko neengxoxo zomgaqo-siseko. Maxa wambi abaphengululi nabagwebi abasemthethweni bajonga kwisandulela njengesikhokelo sokuqonda iinjongo ezibanzi zomGaqo-siseko. Ngeli xesha iGama lengcaciso ngokwayo lingawaniki amalungelo okanye amandla athile akhethekileyo, lilungiselela ukutolika amanqaku kunye nezilungiso ezilandelayo.

Iingxoxo ezingendima karhulumente zisoloko zibuyela kulwimi lwasentlalo-ntle. Umzekelo, iingxoxo ngotshintsho lwezempilo, ukungalingani kwezoqoqosho, kunye nokhuseleko lwemekobume zisoloko ziququzelelwa ngokwezi "kukhuthaza intlalo-ntle jikelele" iingxoxo ngokhuseleko lwesizwe kunye nokuhlola zibiza "ukukhuthaza ukukhusela okuqhelekileyo" lo gama ziphakamisa imibuzo malunga "nokukhusela iintsikelelo zenkululeko." IDagastion inika isigama esiqhelekileyo kule ngxoxo, kwanaxa abemi bengavumelani ngemibandela ethile.

IPregedge ikwathetha ngenkxalabo yanamhlanje ngokuqhekeka nokuwohloka kwentlalo-ntle. Kwixesha lokwanda kobuzwe bezobupolitika, iPregedge ikhumbuza amaMelika ngoko anokukwabelana ngako. Luxwebhu olungenambutho okanye ingcamango. Lulwabemi bonke, kwaye lufuna ukuba bajonge ngaphaya kweminqweno yabo ekhawulezileyo baze basebenzele umanyano olugqibeleleyo. Le sigidimi singxamisekile namhlanje njengoko sasinjalo ngo1787.

Isiphelo: Ubizo Oluhlala Luhleli "Thina Bantu"

Isiqalo soMgaqo-siseko waseUnited States sisenzo esiphambili sobugcisa bezopolitiko nentanda-bulumko yoluntu. Ngamazwi nje angama-52, siveza umbono wesizwe esizinikele kokusesikweni, kuxolo, kwintlalo-ntle, nakwinkululeko. Simisela igunya likarhulumente ekuvumeni kwabantu kwaye sicela isizukulwana ngasinye ukuba siqalise umsebenzi wokwakha umanyano olugqibeleleyo. Inkcubeko ikhuthaza iqhayiso lesizwe kungekhona ukubhiyozela izinto eziphunyeziweyo zexesha elidluleyo kodwa ngokukhuthaza isiseko semilinganiselo esoloko iphambi kwethu, silindele ukufezeka ngokuzeleka okungakumbi.

Kubemi namhlanje, iNgxelo inika intuthuzelo kunye nocelomngeni. Ithuthuzela ngokuqinisekisa ukuba iinjongo eziphezulu zeli lizwe zabelana kwaye zisemagunyeni. Inzima ngokukhumbuza abemi ukuba umsebenzi wokuseka okusesikweni, ukuqinisekisa ukuba iintabalala zekhaya, nokukhusela inkululeko ayizenzi gqibelele. Isizukulwana ngasinye kufuneka sichaze size sisebenzise le migaqo ngokwembali yaso. Lo msebenzi ungundoqo wobomi bentlalo kwiRiphabliki yedemokhrasi. Inkcubeko iya kuqhubeka ikhuthaza umanyano lwesizwe nekratshi loluntu loluntu logama nje abemi bekulungele ukuthatha amazwi anzulu baze benze ngokuvisisana nesithembiso sabo.

Ekugqibeleni, isaziso sisimemo. Simema wonke umntu waseMelika ukuba azijonge njengongasebenziyo kulawulo kodwa njengomthathi-nxaxheba kwishishini elidibeneyo. Ithi: [[FLT: 0]" Thina bantu" sinoxanduva lwempumelelo yalo vavanyo kurhulumente- wesiqu. Kusi sibongozo ukuba abelane ngoxanduva kwaye abe nekratshi elenza isiqalo somanyano nokhuthazo lohlanga.