Izikolo zasekuhlaleni azizizinto zininzi kakhulu kuneendawo apho abantwana bafunda khona ukufunda, ukubhala, kunye nezibalo. Eli nqaku lisebenza njengempembelelo eninzi yemibutho engqonge uluntu. Ukususela kwimihla yokuqala yendlu yesikolo yanamhlanje ukuya kwizindlu ezithe tyaba, amaziko emfundo alo adala imiqobo yezentlalo, yezoqoqosho, kunye nenkcubeko yendawo engqongileyo. Eli nqaku lihlola impembelelo eninzi yezikolo zasekuhlaleni kubomi boluntu, lihlola indima yazo ekulolongeniseni, ekuqhubeni kwezoqoqosho, ekukhuthazeni amaqhina entlalo, ekukhuthazeni imiqobo, nasekukheni imibutho eqhubekayo enceda wonke umntu. Ngokuqonda ezi misebenzi, abafundisi, abazali, kunye nabenzi benkqubo basebenza kunye ukuqinisekisa izikolo ukuba ziqhubeke zisebenza ukuze zikhusele ubomi boluntu abakhonza kulo.

Indima Yezikolo Ekuchazeni Abantu

Izikolo zidla ngokuba negalelo ekuzibonakaliseni koluntu. Zinika ingqiqo yokuba ngamalungu nokunxibelelana phakathi kwabemi. Ngaphandle kwemfundo yemfundo, izikolo ziphawulo zokwenyama nolomfuziselo ezimanyanisa amaqela ahlukeneyo kumacala ahlukeneyo ahlukeneyo. Amacandelwana alandelayo ahlola iindlela ezingundoqo izikolo ezifak ’ isandla ekuzibonakaliseni koluntu.

Iziganeko Zasekuhlaleni Njengemikhosi Edibanisayo

Imidlalo yebhola ekhatywayo yasebusuku ngoLwesihlanu, iikonsathi zonyaka, imibhiyozo yentwasahlobo, iingqungquthela yokuthoba, kunye nomfundisi- ntsapho zingaphezulu nje kokungena kwikhalenda — zizithethe ezidibanisa abemi ukutyhubela iminyaka yabo, ingeniso, nemvelaphi yabo. Ezi ziganeko zidala umjikelo wobomi boluntu obufanayo. Umzekelo, ukuqhutywa kweholide yonyaka yesikolo kungatsalela amakhulu abamelwane kwiholo, ukukhuthaza imvakalelo yokuzingcangcakaza. Ngokwengxelo ye-[FLT: 0] iNational School Climate Center Center [, izikolo ezikhuthaza imigangatho ephezulu yezentekotho zoluntu nokudibana kweentsapho nabantu basekuhlaleni.

Ukubhiyozela Izithethe Neendidi Ezahlukahlukeneyo

Izikolo ziindawo zendalo zokutshintshiselana ngezithethe. Zibhiyozela izithethe zasekuhlaleni — ukusuka kwimibhiyozo yokuvuna ukuya kwiinyanga zelifa lemveli — zikwathi zizise abafundi kunye neentsapho kwizithethe ezintsha. Isikolo esibalaselisa imvelaphi eyahlukeneyo yequmrhu labafundi sinceda ukuphelisa izithethe eziqhelekileyo kwaye sakhele ulwazi oluchumileyo, oluquka uluntu. Uphando olusuka kwi iRaduate School of Education lubonisa ukuba imeko-bume yesikolo elwamkelayo isandisolwandisa ukumanyana, umahluko phakathi kwamalungu oluntu.

Ukuququzelela i-CPF

Izikolo zikhuthaza ukubandakanyeka kwabazali kunye nabantu ngethuba lokuzithandela, amabhunga onyulo, kunye nokuvulelwa kwemibutho. Xa abazali neenkokeli zasekuhlaleni bethabatha inxaxheba ekulawuleni isikolo okanye bencedisa kwiiklasi, bavelisa umthi onzulu kwimpumelelo yesikolo. Oku kubandakanywa ngaphandle: iintsapho ezibandakanyekileyo esikolweni zisenokuba ziyakwazi ukuvota kunyulo lwasekuhlaleni, ukuya kwiintlanganiso zeholo yedolophu, nokuxhasa iingcebiso zoluntu. [ umgangatho ophezulu wemfundo yemfundo ephambili yemfundo yemfundo yemfundo yemfundo [[FLT]] ufumana ukuba umanyano olunamandla lwesikolo lweentsapho-ammin lunxulumene nolwando oluphezulu kubafundi abaphumezelo kunye noluntu.

Amathuba Emfundo Nomvuzo Wezoqoqosho

Ukukho kwezikolo ezisemgangathweni kuchaphazela kakhulu uqoqosho lwasekuhlaleni. Isigqibo sokuba kuphi siqhutywa zizifundo ezisemgangathweni, yaye eso sikolo sinemiphumo ecacileyo yezoqoqosho.

Imilinganiselo Yemihlaba Nemizila Yezindlu

Amakhaya akwimimandla elungiselelwe izikolo eziqhuba kakhulu ngokusoloko zinika intlawulo yexabiso. Isifundo esipapashwa yi- Brookings Institution[ siqikelelw ukuba ulwandiso lwendawo enye kwi-avareji yesikolo lunganyusa amaxabiso empahla ekufuphi ukuya ku 4%. Le mpembelelo ichazwa ngokukhethekileyo kwimimandla yengingqi yedolophu, apho umgangatho wesikolo ungundoqo ophezulu kwimfuno-mali yamakhaya. Iimali zempahla eziphezulu, ngokujika, ingxowa yemirhumo yesikolo engcono kunye neenkqubo, kudala umjikelezo onesidima. Ngokuphikisana noko, ukuvalwa kwengeniso okanye ukuhla kwemisebenzi yesikolo inokuthi icuthel'andlekile kwaye i-enyusa ukurhoxiswa kwemiba.

Ukuqhamisa amashishini asekuhlaleni kunye nokuhamba ngenyawo

Izikolo zisebenza ngokwazo ngokwezoqoqosho. Ngexesha leeyure zesikolo, iikhefi zithengwa ngabanikeli besikolo basekuhlaleni. Emva kwesikolo, abazali nabafundi basoloko besiya kwiivenkile ezikufuphi, kwiivenkile zokutyela, kunye neenkonzo. Iziganeko zesikolo ezifana nemidlalo, imidlalo yenzululwazi, kunye nokhuphiswano lwamaqela zitsala iindwendwe ezichitha imali kuluntu. Uhlolisiso lwedolophu esembindini wentshona ephakathi kwedolophu yafumana ukuba ixesha lazo eliphezulu lebhola ekhatywayo livelisa ii-50 000 ngonyaka kwintengiso, impahla, kunye nomthombo (umthombo: ) uRondalveter of High School Associations

Indalo yomsebenzi nophuhliso loncedo

Izikolo ngabaqeshi abaphambili kwimimandla emininzi. Ngapha koko, baqesha abaqeshi, abagcini-venkile, abasebenzi bekhefi, abaqhubi beebhasi, kunye nabasebenzi abaxhasayo. Isithili esitsha iK-12 sinokuba ngoyena mqeshi mkhulu kwingingqi yamaphandle. Ngaphezu koko, izikolo zinegalelo ekuphuhliseni umsebenzi ngokulungiselela uqeqesho lomsebenzi, iinqanawa zemfazwe, kunye neenkqubo zemfundo zabantu abadala. Iinkampani ezincedisanazo kwimizi-mveliso yezonyango, ukuvelisa, okanye ubugcisa — zinceda ukudibanisa isikolo neemfuno zempatho zengi, zinciphisa imiqobo yemisebenzi yempangelo, zitsala amashishini amatsha.

Ukuqhatha Kweentsapho Nokuveliswa Kwemali

Izikolo ezisemgangathweni ziluphawulo lwabahlali abatsha. Iintsapho ezinabantwana abahambayo baphanda ngenkuthalo imilinganiselo yesikolo ngaphambi kokuhamba. Udumo lokhuseleko, iminikelo egqithisileyo, kunye nokuphumelela kwemfundo kunokwenza uluntu lube yindawo efunekayo. Oku kuthutheleka kuxhasa imakethe yezindlu, icandelo lentengiso, kunye nemali kamasipala. Kwicala elimnyama, izikolo ezilwisana nokulahlekelwa ngemali okanye ukulahlekelwa ngabemi, nto leyo ebangela ukunyuka okunzima ukutshintsha.

Uphuhliso loLuntu noQhubo loLuntu

Ngaphandle kwezoqoqosho, izikolo zibalulekile ekuphuhliseni intlalo. Zivelisa iindawo ezilungelelanisiweyo apho abantwana nabakwishumi elivisayo bafunda ukunxibelelana, ukuncedisana nokucombulula iingxabano.

Ukwakha Iiwebhusayithi Zobuhlobo Nekomkhulu Lentlalo

Ubuhlobo obuqalwa esikolweni budla ngokuhlala bukho kwaye busiba sisiseko solwandiso lwentsapho. Abazali nabo, badibana kwiziganeko zesikolo kwaye bazenzela uqhagamshelwano olujika lube ngamaqela e-carpool, amatheko, kunye neenkqubo zokuxhasa asekuhlaleni. Eli komkhulu lentlalo — unxulumano lwabantu — luye lwaboniswa ukuba lunciphisa ulwaphulo-mthetho, luphucula iziphumo zempilo, kwaye lwandisa inxaxheba yoluntu. Uhlolisiso olupapashwa kwilindixesha [[FLT: 0] iSocial Forces [ lufumanile ukuba abantu abanemibutho esekelwe kwimfundo entle yezentlalo enxulumene nolwaphulo-mthetho ezikhoyo kumgangatho osezantsi wolwaphulo-mthetho kunye nolwaphulo-mthetho lwempahla.

Ukunikela Nokufunda Inkonzo

Izikolo ezininzi ziquka imisebenzi yenkonzo yoluntu kwizifundo zazo. Abafundi bacoca iipaki, batyelela amakhaya abalupheleyo, balungelelanise iinqwelo-mafutha zokutya, kunye nabantwana abancinane. Le misebenzi ifundisa imbopheleleko, uvelwano, kunye nexabiso lokubuyisela. Zikwathetha ngqo ngeemfuno zasekuhlaleni. Umzekelo, umanyano lwesikolo esiphakeme nebhanki yokutya yasekuhlaleni lungaqokelela iikhilograms ezingaphezulu kwezingamawaka ezilishumi eekhilograma ngonyaka, ukungenelela iintsapho ezininzi. Ulwazi lwesizwe olusuka kumsebenzi wesizwe nowesizwe. lubonisa ukuba abantu abaselula abazinikeleyo banokuhlala bebonke njengabakhulile, bekhuthaza impucuko.

Isisombululo Songquzulwano kunye Nebutho Loluntu Elikhuselekileyo

Izikolo zifundisa izicombululo zeengxoxo ngeenkqubo zoontanga zokulungisa, ukwenziwa kobulungisa, kunye nokufunda ngentsebenziswano. Ezi buchule zinciphisa ukungcungcuthekiswa kunye nogonyamelo phakathi kwesikolo kwaye zidala umoya woxolo. Abafundi abafunda ukucombulula ukungavisisani bafaka ubuchule babo ngokufanelekileyo kwimimandla yabo, kwaye, kamva, imisebenzi yabo. Izikolo ezikhuthaza ukwenziwa komsebenzi kuxela unxulumano oluncinci lwamapolisa kunye nomgangatho osezantsi wobunjubaqaqa, ngokutsho kwe- Justices Reso yobugqeba kwiiSikolo iSibhedlelekki.

Iingxaki Ezijamelene Nezikolo Zasekuhlaleni

Nakubeni zinegalelo elihle, izikolo zasekuhlaleni zijamelana nocelomngeni olunokudodobalisa amandla azo okusebenza njenge-ankile yoluntu. Ukuqonda le miqobo kubalulekile ekucebiseni izicombululo ezisebenzayo.

Ukungalingani kwemali kunye neMida

I-United States ixhomekeke kakhulu kwirhafu yempahla yasekuhlaleni ukuxhasa imfundo kawonke-wonke, idala umahluko omkhulu phakathi kwesithili esifumileyo nesihlwempu. Izikolo ezikwimimandla efumana imali ephantsi zisoloko zitsala nzima ngeencwadi zokubhala, izibonelelo ezidilika, kunye nokusikelwe umda kwiinkqubo zobugcisa nezemidlalo. Iziko lezemfundo lesizwe lichaphazela iziphumo zabafundi kunye neembono zobunjani besikolo.

Umfundisi - ntsapho Wazinikela Waza Wadinwa

Umgangatho ophezulu womfundisi- ntsapho ophazamisa ukufunda nokuncitshiswa kwentembelo yabafundi kwingingqi. Abafundisi abatsha badla ngokuwushiya umsebenzi kwisithuba seminyaka emihlanu ngenxa yengeniso ephantsi, iimeko zokusebenza, nokungabi nankxaso. Izikolo zasemaphandleni zichaphazeleka kakhulu; zisenokuzama ukutsala nabani na ofundisayo abafanelekayo konke konke. Xa isikolo siphulukana nabafundisi abanamava angakumbi, ukuqhubekeka kokuziphatha okunzima, kwaye abazali basenokuqalisa ukufuna ezinye iindlela zokukhetha ezinye. Oku kungakonakalisa ukuma kwesikolo kuluntu kwaye kunciphise ukukhuthusa, kuqhubeke kucuthe imali.

Ukufumaneka kokwahlula-hlula kwamanani kunye nobuxhakaxhaka

Isifo se-COVID-19 sibhenca inyani ebuhlungu yolwahlulo lwamanani. Abafundi abaninzi abanayo intlawulo ethembekileyo ye-Internet okanye izixhobo ekhaya, ezibabeka kwingxaki enkulu kwihlabathi elifuna ukufundwa kwemichiza. Izikolo ziye zazama ukuvala lo msantsa nge-maleaplypy kunye ne-trallpots ezishushu, kodwa inkxaso yeenkqubo ezinjalo idla ngokuba yeyokwexeshana. Uphando lwePick Center [ Uqikelelo olunzulu oluyal' oluyayayayal'ifunayo luqhubekeka.] ziqikelela ukuba malunga ne15% ye U.S.

Ukhuseleko Lwesikolo Nempilo Yengqondo

Inkxalabo ngokudubulana kwesikolo, ukungcungcuthekiswa, nempilo engokwabafundi iye yakhula kwiminyaka yakutshanje. Izikolo ngoku zilindeleke ukuba zinikezele kungekuphela nje imfundo kodwa zinika amacebiso empilo yengqondo, amanyathelo okhuseleko, kunye nokusabela kweengxaki zempilo. Ngelishwa, isithili ezininzi azifumani nkxaso yokuqesha abacebisi abafanelekileyo okanye ukuzalisekisa imithetho esemthethweni yokhuseleko lwangoku. Abathathi-nxaxheba ekuLawuleni Izifo nokuthintela izifo zengqondo [[FLTLT:1] [unyaka] unikela ingxelo yokuba umfundi omnye kwabahlanu ufumana imeko yempilo yengqondo, ukanti umlinganiselo wesizwe wabafundi besazi ngengqondo zesikolo u-1,1. Umthwalo ukho kubafundisi kunye noomphathi-ofisi, unegalelo ekudibanisweni nokuhambelana kwemeko-meko-bume yesikolo.

Inkxaso nenkxaso yoluntu:

Ukuqinisekisa ukuba izikolo zinegalelo elifanelekileyo kubomi basekuhlaleni, kubalulekile ukuthenjiswa ngokukhutheleyo ngabantu abahlala apho, amashishini norhulumente wasekuhlaleni. Izikolo azinakuphumelela xa zithe zahlukaniswa; zifuna inkxaso yemekobume yezinto eziphilayo echitha ixesha, imali, kunye nobuchule. La maqhinga alandelayo angqineke eluncedo.

Iinkqubo Zokuzithandela Nobuchule

Amalungu oluntu angasebenza ngokuzithandela njengeenkonzo zeklasi, abahlohli, okanye izithethi zokufunda. Iingcali zasekuhlaleni — iinjineli, amagcisa, iinkokeli zezoshishino — zinganika abafundi ulwazi lwehlabathi lokwenyani ukuze bafunde. Ezi ntshukumo zinika abafundi ulwazi olubanzi kwaye zibabonise ukuba uluntu lwabo lunenkathalo ngempumelelo yabo. Imodeli ephumelelayo yinkqubo iCommunities In Schools[ inkqubo, ebeka abaquququzeleli ezikolweni ukuze banxibelelane abafundi ngezinto zobucuma, iinkonzo zoburhulumente, iinkonzo zempilo, kunye nemisebenzi entle. Iziphumo zemfundo zibonisa ukuba izikolo ezineenkqubo ezinamandla zokuphumelela neziphantsi.

Ukubonelela ngenkxaso yemali nenkxaso ekwi-Kind

Amashishini asekuhlaleni anganikela ngemali ngokuxhasa imicimbi yesikolo, ngezixhobo, okanye ngokuseka iminikelo yemali. Iintlangano zokufundisa (ii-PTA) kunye nee-glasi ezincedisayo ezilungiselela ukuqokelela inqwelo-mafutha yemali yonke ukusuka kwiincwadi zeethala leencwadi ukuya kwizixhobo zokudlala. Kwaneminikelo emincinane, njenge-pizza yemali yemali yesikolo, ingadibanisa kwaye ibonise ukuba abantu bathengelwe ngaphakathi. Ngokuthengwa, le migudu kufuneka ithathise — hayi ithathe indawo yemali kawonke-wonke.

Isalathisi somsebenzi wePhondo

Izikolo ezisebenzisana nezibhedlele, iiyunivesithi, iimyuziyam, kunye nemibutho engafumani ngeniso zinika amathuba atyebileyo okufunda. Umzekelo, isikolo sisenokunika ikliniki yezonyango lwamazinyo eqhutywa liziko lobulali, okanye iqabane leyunivesithi ukunikezela izifundo ezimabini ezicwangcisiweyo. Umanyano olunjalo lukhulisa ukufikelela kwesikolo luze luqinise indima yaso njengesebe loluntu. I-National Paretal Information kunye neZiko leMfuno yeMfuno ye- lunikela ukhokelo lokwakha imibutho yesikolo yemfundo ephumelelayo yesikolo-comnony, lugxininisa ukungenelwa nokusebenzisana kweenjongo.

Icala lexesha elizayo leenqanawa ezisebenzisana nesikolo

Xa ujonga phambili, utyekelo oluninzi lulungisa ulwalamano phakathi kwezikolo kunye noluntu lwazo. Enye intelekelelo ethembisayo yimodeli yesikolo soluntu, ebeka isikolo njengesiko leenkonzo ezidityanisiweyo — kuquka ukunyanyekelwa kwempilo, imfundo yabantu abadala, kunye neenkqubo zasemva kwesikolo. Uphando oluvela kwiFLT:0] Ukufundisa iProject Policy Institute[ lubonisa ukuba izikolo zoluntu ziphucula, ukuphumelela kwemfundo, kunye nokubophelela kwentsapho, ingakumbi kwimimandla ephezulu.

Enye intsingiselo kukusetyenziswa kwezikolo njengezithuba eziziinjongo ezininzi. Iingokuhlwa neempelaveki, iindawo zokuchwetheza, amathala eencwadi, kunye neekhefi zingavulwa kwintlanganiso zasekuhlaleni, iiklasi zobuchule, kunye nemisebenzi yenkcubeko. Ukusetyenziswa okunjalo kukhulisa utyalo-mali lukawonke-wonke kwaye kuphucula ukuhambelana kwesikolo kubomi basekuhlaleni.

Ekugqibeleni, izikolo zisebenzisa imfundo esekelwe kwindawo, esebenzisa imbali yasekuhlaleni, imekobume, izoqoqosho nenkcubeko — njengomthombo wokufundisa. Le ndlela ayithethi nje ukuba ukufunda kubaluleke ngakumbi kodwa ikwabethelela ingqiqo yobugosa phakathi kwabafundi. Zifika ekujongeni amaqela azo njengesiseko semfundo kodwa njengesiseko seklasi ephilayo esifanele ukukhusela nokuphuculwa.

Isiphelo

Izikolo zasekuhlaleni zingundoqo kubomi boluntu. Zibumba iimpawu zoluntu, zikhuthaza ukukhula kwezoqoqosho, zikhuthaza ukuphuhliswa kwentlalo, kwaye, xa zixhaswa kakuhle, zinceda abamelwane abahlala apho kuhlala khona, ziqhuba kakuhle. Kodwa zijamelene nocelomngeni olubalulekileyo — ukuxhasa imicimbi engekho mthethweni, ukudinwa komfundisi- ntsapho, ukudityaniswa kwamanani, kunye namaxhala okhuseleko — nto leyo efuna ingqalelo eqhubekayo kunye nenyathelo labo bonke abanezikolo nabahlali abasengozini. Ulwalamano phakathi kwezikolo kunye nabantu lungaphinde luphinde lutshintshe: izikolo ezomeleleyo, kunye noluntu olubandakanyekileyo lwakha izikolo ezomeleleyo. Ngokuqonda iziphumo zesikolo zasekuhlaleni kunye nokuphumelela kwazo, sidala ikamva apho abafundi kunye nabantu abahlala kuzo banokuphumelela.