Kulo lonke ilizwe, izikolo zasekuhlaleni zithatha amanyathelo asebenzayo okuxhasa abafundi abakhubazekileyo ekufundeni, ukwenza iimeko ezikufutshane apho umntwana ngamnye anethuba lokuphumelela kwimfundo nasentlalweni. Le migudu imela utshintsho olubalulekileyo kwiindlela ezidlulileyo, ukwamkela iindlela ezisekelwe kubungqina ezibonisa amandla akhethekileyo kunye nocelomngeni lwabafundi abangakwaziyo ukumelana nemithambo-luvo. Ngokufaka utyalo kwimfundo ekhethekileyo, ubugcisa obuncedisayo, kunye nonxulumano olunamandla neentsapho, izikolo zinceda abafundi ukuba bafumane ubulwelwele kodwa baqhubeke. Eli nqaku lihlolisisa indlela ezi nyathelo zisebenza ngayo, impembelelo yabo, kunye nomsebenzi ofunekayo ukuqinisekisa ukuba akukho mfundi ushiyekile.

Ukuqonda Ukungakwazi Ukufunda

Ukungakwazi ukufunda ziimeko zemithambo-luvo ezichaphazela amandla obuchopho okwamkela, ukwenza, ukugcina nokusabela kwinkcazelo. Ayibonisi ubukrelekrele; kunoko, imela ukwahluka kwindlela esebenza ngayo ingqondo. Iintlobo eziqhelekileyo ziquka:

  • [[NTL:0] I-Dyslexia: Yingxaki esekelwe kulwimi ephazamisa ukuthamba kokufunda, ukukhupha isantya, nokuqonda. Ichaphazela malunga ne-15/20% yabemi ukuya kumlinganiselo owahlukeneyo.
  • I-Dyscalculia: Isithinteli esinxulumene nezibalo, esibangela ubunzima bengqiqo yenani, ukubala, kunye nokuqiqa ngezibalo.
  • I-Dysgraphia: Yimeko ephazamisa ukubhala, upelo, nokubhalwa kwentetho, ngokufuthi ngenxa yengxaki yokusebenza kakuhle kwemoto okanye ukwenziwa komtshizo.
  • Imposiso kunye neengxaki zokuqhubekeka okubonakalayo: Iingxaki zokutolika uphindo okanye ulwazi olubonakalayo naxa uva nokubona kungaphelelanga.
  • [[NTL:0] Nonverbal Learning Disability (NVLD): Iingxaki ngokulungelelanisa imithambo-luvo, ubuchule bokubona, kunye nobuchule boluntu, ngokufuthi ngobuchule bomlomo obunamandla.

Ngokutsho kwe Abathathi-nxaxheba boLawulo lwezifo nothintelo, malunga ne 6-7% yabantwana abakwisikolo bafumana iinkonzo ezikhethekileyo zemfundo phantsi kodidi oluthile lwengxaki yokufunda, beyenza ibe yenye yezona zindidi zesiphene ezikolweni. Ukuqonda nokuqonda ezi meko linyathelo lokuqala elibalulekileyo ekunikezeleni inkxaso efanelekileyo.

Ukufumanisa Iziphene Zokufunda Kusengumntwana

Ulwahlulelwano lokuqala lungundoqo kungenelelo olusebenzayo. Izikolo zisebenzisa inkqubo eninzi yokuxhasa (MTS) okanye ukusabela kungenelelo (RTI) izicwangciso zokubonisa bonke abafundi ubunzima bokufunda. Ezi nkqubo zibandakanya ithala leencwadi ezintathu:

  • Inkulu 1:[ ukuphakama, uqeqesho olusekelwe kubungqina kwiklasi jikelele yabo bonke abafundi, kunye nomboniso-mbali wehlabathi kaninzi ngonyaka.
  • I-pier 2:[ Ijongwe, ungenelelo lweqela elincinane kubafundi ababonisa ubungozi okanye ubunzima, ngokufuthi obuhlala iiveki eziyi 8-12.
  • I- Ingenelela yomntu ngamnye kubafundi abangasabeli ngokwaneleyo kwinkxaso yeTier 2, enokuthi ikhokelele kuvavanyo olusesikweni lwemfundo ekhethekileyo.

Xa umfundi eqhubeka ezama ngamandla phezu kwako nje ukungenelela okucwangcisiweyo, izikolo ziqhuba uvavanyo olubanzi oluquka ukuvavanya ingqondo, ukuphumelela kwemfundo, uhlolisiso kunye negalelo lomzali. Oku kuqinisekisa ukuba kukho ingxaki ethile yokufunda nokuba umfundi uyayifanelekela kusini na i-Iniferzed Education Program (IEP) phantsi koMthetho weDrugliselsed Education (IEA).

Abazali nootitshala kufuneka bajonge iimpawu ezilumkisayo zasekuqaleni: ubunzima obuzingisileyo ngezandi zoonobumba, i-rhyming, okanye ukutsala; ingxaki yokukhumbula izibakala zezibalo; ukuphatha okungathandekiyo kwepensile okanye ukubhala ngesandla okungaqondakaliyo; okanye isithuba esiphawulekayo phakathi kobuchule bomntwana bokuthetha kunye nokusebenza kwemfundo. IZiko lesizwe lokuKhubazeka kokufunda linika [[FLT: 0] isikhokelo esinentsingiselo kwimiqondiso yokuqala [ abazali nabafundisi bangayisebenzisa.

Ubuchule Obusetyenziswa Zizikolo Zasekuhlaleni

Izikolo zasekuhlaleni zisebenzisa iindlela ezininzi zokuxhasa abafundi abaneengxaki zokufunda, zidibanisa imithetho esemthethweni noqheliselo lweklasi olutsha.

Iinkqubo zemfundo ezilungiselelwe umntu ngamnye (IEP)

I-IEP luxwebhu olubophelela ngokusemthethweni oludwelisa iindawo zokuhlala, utshintsho, kunye nosukelo lomfundi olunesiphene. Izindlu eziqhelekileyo ziquka ixesha elandisiweyo kwiimvavanyo, izihlalo ezithandwayo, imithwalo ecuthiweyo yomsebenzi wesikolo, ukufikelela kwiincwadi zesandi, kunye nemvume yokusebenzisa i-software yokuthetha kumbhalo. Kodwa i-IEP esebenzayo ingaphezulu koluhlu lovavanyo: iphuhliswa ngomanyano ngootitshala, abazali, izazi zengqondo zesikolo, nomfundi (xa kufanelekile). Iinjongo zinokusetyenziswa kwaye zilungiselwa ukuchaza iindawo ezikhethekileyo ezifunekayo, njengokuphucula ukuqondwa kolwazi lwebanga elingu-80%, okanye ukuchana kweziphumo ezingolwazi.

Uhlolo lwenkqubela-phambili oluthe rhoqo lwakhelwa kwinkqubo ye-IEP, lunezihlolo ezicwangcisiweyo ubuncinane kanye ngonyaka kunye namathuba okulungisa njengoko kuyimfuneko. Ezona zikolo zinempumelelo ziqinisekisa ukuba abafundisi-mfundo jikelele bayazi kwaye basebenzise indawo yokuhlala ye-IEP rhoqo, hayi nje kwiklasi yemfundo ekhethekileyo.

Imfundiso Ekhethekileyo

Uqeqesho olukhethekileyo ludla ngokuthatha uhlobo lweqela elincinane okanye olunye olukwilungu elinye olufundisayo lusebenzisa iziphumo zemfundo zobungqina. Umzekelo, indlela yeOrton-Gilllingham isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kubafundi abane dyslexia, igxininisa ulwazi oluninzi oludibanisa ukubona, ukuphicotha, kunye ne-kinesteticss. Ngokufanayo, kubafundi abane dyscalculia, iinkqubo ezifana ne-iemortMath okanye inani lee Worlds zinikeza ikhonkce, inyathelo-by-ements kwinkciso.

Izikolo ezininzi zikwanikela "in" iinkonzo, apho umfundisi-mfundo okhethekileyo esebenza kunye nomfundisi-mfundo jikelele kwiklasi, enika inkxaso yokwenene yexesha ngaphandle kokususa umfundi kwimeko-bume ebanzi. "Umtsalane" iinkonzo, apho abafundi basebenza kwigumbi logcino-mali okwenxalenye yosuku, bahlala beqhelekile kungenelelo olunzulu. Ukhetho luxhomekeke kwiimfuno zomfundi nakwimekobume ephantsi engqongqo (L.L) yomgaqo ocetyiswa yi-IDEA.

Uluhlu lokukhetha lobuChwephesha oluNcedayo

Ubugcisa buye baguqula inkxaso kubafundi abanengxaki yokungakwazi ukufunda.

  • Umbhalo- ukuya--------TSpeech (TS): i-Software efana ne Kurkweil 3000 okanye i-Natural Reader efunda ngokuvakalayo umbhalo wamanani, inceda abafundi abanomxholo we- dyslexia webanga lokufikelela kumgangatho webanga.
  • Izicelo ezisetyenziswayo ezinje nge drawn Ithetha ngokwesiqhelo okanye eyakhiwe kwi zixhobo ze OS ezivumela abafundi abane dysgraphia ukuba balawule iingcinga zabo.
  • Incwadi yesandi kunye nofundo: IiNkonzo ezifana nokufunda I-Ally okanye Incwadi yesandla inika ithala leencwadi elikhulu leencwadi kunye noncwadi olulayishwe ngumntu.
  • [[UMTL: 0] Abaququzeleli bamanani: izixhobo zamanani ezifana ne-Inspiration okanye Ingqondo Meister zinceda abafundi balungiselele iingcamango zokubhala kunye neeprojekthi.
  • Izixhobo zokudibanisa isantya: Ubalo lokuthetha okanye umbane wenyani kubafundi abanedyscalculia.

I-website ebekwe ngobuchule. org inika izikhokelo eziluncedo zobugcisa obuncedisayo kwisiphene esithile. Izikolo zinika uqeqesho kungekuphela kubafundi kodwa kwanakubafundisi- ntsapho nabazali ukuqinisekisa ukuba ezi zixhobo zisetyenziswa ngokunempumelelo.

Uqeqesho Lomfundisi- ntsapho Nophuhliso

Inkxaso esebenzayo ixhomekeke kubafundisi- ntsapho abaqeqeshwe kakuhle. Izithili ezininzi zasekuhlaleni zinikela ngemali kwinkqubela-phambili yezobugcisa ejolise

  • Ukuqonda ingxaki yemithambo-luvo yokungakwazi ukufunda
  • Isalathisi somsebenzi wePhondo
  • Ukusebenzisa ugcino-lwazi ukwahlula uqeqesho
  • Ukufuna inkcubeko yeklasi
  • Ukuququzelela abasebenzi abakhethekileyo bemfundo neentsapho

Ezinye izikolo ziye zamkela ukwenziwa kweCebo Universal Cloreal for Learning (UDL), ezithi ngokufanelekileyo zifumaneke kubo bonke abafundi besiqalo, zinciphise imfuneko yeendawo zokuhlala zomntu ngamnye kamva. I-UDL igxininisa iindlela ezininzi zokumela, izivakalisi, kunye nokubophana (intanda-bulumko enceda abafundi ngemizimba yabo)

Iinkqubo Zenkxaso Yoontanga

Ukunxulumana kwebutho labantu kuyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yempumelelo. Iinkqubo zoontanga zokuxhasa, njengoqeqesho loontanga, abahlobo besidlo sasemini, kunye namaqela obuchule bobuntlalo, zinceda abafundi abaneziphene zokufunda ukuba bakhe ubuhlobo nokuzithemba. Umzekelo, "ISikhonkwane saBahlobo" siqeqesha iqela elincinane loontanga abakhulayo ukuxhasa nokufakwa komfundi onesiphene. Uphando lubonisa ukuba ezi nkqubo zinciphisa isidima, ziphucula ubuchule bentlalo, kwaye zikhuthaza imvakalelo yokuba ngamalungu onke anokuba ngamalungu.

Ezinye izikolo zikwasebenzisa uqeqesho loontanga apho abafundi abadala banceda khona abaselula kwimfundo nakwiintlalo.

Indima Yabafundisi - ntsapho Abakhethekileyo Nezicaka Ezixhasayo

Abaqeqeshi abakhethekileyo bakwisiseko sale migudu. Bayila baze badlulisele imfundo yomntu ngamnye, bayakwazi ukulawula ii-IEP, basebenzisana nabafundisi-mfundo jikelele, banxibelelane nabazali. Uqeqesho lwabo luquka umsebenzi ophambili wezifundo zokuhlola, ulawulo lwesimilo, ukulungelelanisa uqeqesho, kunye namaqhinga okufundisa kwiimfuno ezahlukeneyo zokufunda.

Izazi ngengqondo zezikolo zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuvavanyeni abafundi ukuba bangakwazi ukufunda kakuhle nokululeka ngokweemvakalelo. Iingcali zolwimi lwentetho zithetha ngokungakwazi ukufunda ulwimi olusekelwe kwikhompyutha, ngoxa amayeza okunyanga umsebenzi enceda ngemiba entle ye-injini kunye nokusebenzisa izimvo. (iinkxaso zomfundisi) zinikela inkxaso kwiklasi, zizalisekisa izicwangciso zesimilo, kwaye zincedana ngokunyamekela umntu ngamnye xa kuyimfuneko.

Izikolo eziphumelelayo zakha amaqela ancedisanayo adibana rhoqo (ngokufuthi veki nganye) ukuxubusha ngenkqubela-phambili yabafundi nokulungisa ungenelelo. Le nkqubo iqinisekisa ukuba akukho lungu lomsebenzi linye elikwanti kwaye kukho iimbono ezininzi ezizisa isicwangciso somfundi ngamnye.

Impembelelo Kubafundi

Xa izikolo zasekuhlaleni zisebenzisa ezi zicwangciso ngokuqhubekayo, iziphumo zingatshintsha. Abafundi abaneziphene zokufunda babonisa inkqubela enokufikeleleka ekusebenzeni kwemfundo: bafumana ubuchule bokufunda nokuqonda, ubuchule obungcono bezibalo, nokubhala okucwangcisiweyo. Kodwa ngokukwanjalo ziluncedo ezingeyoe-academic.

Abafundi basoloko befumana unyuselo lobuchule nokuzithemba xa ekugqibeleni beqonda indlela abafunda ngayo kwaye befumana izixhobo zokuphumelela. Endaweni yokuvakalelwa "zikhuthuzelo" bafunda ukuzixhasa ngokwabo okanye "ukufumana iindawo zokuhlala, ukusebenzisa ubugcisa obuncedisayo obungakhange buxhaswe, kwaye bachaze iimfuno zabo kubafundisi- ntsapho. Ngokwentlalo, bathatha inxaxheba ngakumbi kumsebenzi weqela, imisebenzi yesikolo esongezelelweyo, kunye neengxoxo zeklasi.

Uphando olwapapashwa liZiko leSizwe leStudents (Iziko loKhubazeko lokuQala lokuQala) lwafumanisa ukuba abafundi abafumana iinkonzo zemfundo ezikhethekileyo ezisebenzayo basengozini yokuphumelela kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo, baqhubekele kwimfundo yasemva kwesekondali, kwaye bafumane umsebenzi okhuselekileyo xa kuthelekiswa nabo bangafumananga nkxaso efanelekileyo. Ngaphezu koko, izenzo eziquka inkcitho ziye zaboniswa ukunceda bonke abafundi: oontanga abanovelwano olungakumbi, ubuchule bonxibelelwano, kunye nobuchule bokucombulula iingxaki xa befunda kunye nabo bafunda kunye nabo abahlukahlukeneyo.

Igalelo loLuntu neNkxaso yoBazali

Izikolo eziphumelelayo zisebenzisa abazali nemibutho yasekuhlaleni ukuze zifumane inkxaso engenamnatha.

Umanyano lomzali

Izikolo zivule amatsha - ntliziyo akwimixholo efana nokuqonda ii-IEP, ukuqhuba inkqubo yovavanyo, nokusebenzisa ubugcisa obuncedisayo ekhaya. Zinikezela ngezinto eziguqulelweyo kwiintsapho ezingeyosiNgesi kwaye zinika amaxesha entlanganiso alungeleleneyo ukuhlalisa abazali abasebenzayo. Unxibelelwano oluthe rhoqo ngee-imeyili, iifowuni, kunye neengqungquthela zomfundisi ziqinisekisa ukuba iintsapho ziyaziswe ngabahlobo.

Izikolo ezininzi zineekomiti zokufundisa zabazali okanye iikomiti ezikhethekileyo zemfundo ezinika abazali igunya kwizigqibo zenkqubo. La maqela angaxhasa ubuncwane obungakumbi, uqeqesho olungcono, okanye iinguqulelo kwiinkqubo zesithili. Olona manyano luphumelelayo lwakhiwa ngokuthembana nokuhlonelana.

Imithombo yoLuntu

Imibutho yasekuhlaleni, amaziko okufundisa, kunye noqheliselo lwezamayeza zidla ngokusebenzisana nezikolo ukulungiselela iinkonzo ezongezelelekileyo. Umzekelo, emva kweenkqubo zesikolo ezilungiselelwe ngokukhethekileyo abafundi abaneziphene zemfundo zesikolo ezinokunikela uncedo lomsebenzi wesikolo owenzelwa ekhaya kunye nobuchule bobuntlalo. Amathala eencwadi kunye neemyuziyam maxa wambi afumana iziganeko eziqulethweyo. Abanye abantu banee-"umzali kumzali" amaqela axhasa iintsapho apho zisabelana khona ngecebiso kunye nenkxaso yeemvakalelo.

Izikolo zingadibanisa iintsapho nobuncwane besizwe obufana no Ingaphantsi komngcipheko. org kunye ne Iziko lohlanga lokufumana ulwazi lokungagqibeki, elinika ii-webinars, amanqaku, kunye nokhokelo olusemthethweni.

Iingxaki Nezicombululo

Despite the many successes, local schools face significant challenges in supporting students with learning disabilities. Acknowledging these obstacles is essential for continuous improvement.

Inkxaso-mali kunye noqeqesho lwezibonelelo

Imfundo ekhethekileyo ixabisa kakhulu. Iindleko zovavanyo, iiklasi ezikhethekileyo, ubugcisa besikolo, kunye nabasebenzi zingaphezulu koko kufunyanwa zisithili ezininzi kwinkxaso-mali karhulumente neyaserhulumenteni. Ngenxa yoko, izikolo zinokuba nentlawulo enkulu kubafundisi-mfundo abakhethekileyo, zinciphise inkxalabo yomntu ngamnye oyifumanayo. Ezinye izikolo azinamali yoqingqo-mali yobugcisa obusetyenziswayo okanye yokuqeqesha bonke abasebenzi.

Iingcebiso: izithili zingasukela inkxaso evela kwiingeniso ezingeyonzuzo nakumasebe karhulumente, amaqabane oshishino obulali ngeminikelo yobugcisa, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo eziphambili ekungeneleni kobungqina. Amanye amaphondo aneenkqubo zemali ezandisiweyo kubafundi abaneziphene. Ngaphezu koko, ukusebenzisa i-UDL kunye ne-MTS zinganciphisa imfuneko yeenkonzo ezibiza imali eninzi zeTier 3 ngokufumana iingxaki kwangoko.

Ukunqongophala komfundisi- ntsapho

Kukho ukunqongophala kwabafundisi-mfundo abakhethekileyo abaqeqeshiweyo. Ukudinwa komsebenzi, iimfuno zeprojekthi, kunye nokuxinezeleka kweemvakalelo kukhokelela ekudinweni ngamandla nasekutshintsheni kwexabiso. Izikolo ezininzi zinyanzeleka ukuba ziqeshe abafundisi-zo abangabhaliswanga ngokupheleleyo okanye baxhomekeke kwiimeko ezithathelwa indawo ixesha elide.

Iingcebiso: izithili zinganika ukutyikitywa kweebhonasi, ukuboleka abafundi, okanye imbuyekezo yabaphathi abasukela amaqondo obuchule obukhethekileyo. Iinkqubo zemetorip zootitshala abatsha kunye nezokunciphisa amaphepha (umz., ngokusebenzisa i-IEP ingqokelela yogcino-lwazi lwamaqabane) zingaphucula ukubuyiselwa. Ezinye izikolo zidale "izifundo" apho abafundisi-mfundo ezimbini basebenzisa khona iklasi, ukunciphisa ukuzibeka kwenye indawo.

Ukuphumeza i-cell etshintsha-tshintshayo

Kwanaxa kukho imigaqo elungileyo, ukuphunyezwa kobuchule kuyahluka-hluka kakhulu phakathi kwamagumbi okufundela nezikolo. Umfundi usenokuba nenkqubo yokuxhasa enamandla kwibanga elinye kodwa umfundisi- ntsapho ongalandeli i-IEP kwililandelayo. Ukungabi nambopheleleko okanye ulawulo kungenza inkqubela ingasebenzi kakuhle.

Iingcebiso: Abalawuli kufuneka baqhube uphicotho-zincwadi oluthe rhoqo lozalisekiso lwe-IEP, banikezele uqeqesho oluqhubekayo kubafundisi- ntsapho, kwaye babandakanya abaququzeleli abakhethekileyo kwiqela ngalinye lemigangatho yebanga eliphantsi. Ukubhiyozela nokubelana ngolona hlobo loqheliselo olulungileyo kuso sonke isithili kwakhona bakhuthaza ukungaguquguquki.

Ukungalungelelani Nokungcungcuthekisa

Abafundi abanengxaki yokufunda basengozini enkulu yokungcungcuthekiswa okanye bazive bengamakheswa, yaye basenokungafuni ukuchitha indawo yokuhlala phambi koontanga babo besoyika ukwahluka kwabanye.

Izindululo: Izikolo zingadala impucuko yokwamkelwa ngeenkqubo zesikolo ezigqugqisileyo, amaphulo okuphaphamisa iziphene, kunye nezenzo zeklasi eziquka ukukhubazeka. Iinkqubo zoontanga kunye "ne-neudictial commental commental" zinceda ekulungiseni ukungavisisani. Abafundisi bangafuzisela ulwimi olunentlonelo kwaye bangenele ngoko nangoko xa bebona ukuqhulwa okanye ukugxothwa.

Isiphelo

Izikolo zasekuhlaleni zenza inkqubela ephawulekayo ekuxhaseni abafundi abaneziphene zemfundo ngokusebenzisa iindlela zokulwa, ngokutyanda inkqubela-phambili yezobugcisa, nokukhuthaza ubudlelane obunamandla neentsapho kunye nabantu. Ukusuka kulwazi lwangaphambili kusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zobugcisa eziziintlobo-ntlobo ukuya kusetyenziswa kwemihla ngemihla kunye noqeqesho olunobuntu, le migudu inceda abafundi ukuba boyise imiqobo baze bafeze amandla abo apheleleyo.

Kodwa kusekho imingeni: ukuxhasa izithuba, ukunqongophala komfundisi- ntsapho, nemfuneko yokuphunyezwa okungaguquguqukiyo, okungalinganiyo kuzo zonke iiklasi. Umsebenzi awugqitywanga. Ukuqhubeka kuveliswa kotyalo-mali, ukuhlaziywa, nokukhutshwa kolwazi oluphezulu kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba bonke abafundi abanengxaki yokufunda bayakwazi ukufumana ubuncwane, ukhuthazo, kunye nenkolelo yokuba bakwazi ukuphumelela. Ngokuyila oko kungaphunyezwanga, izikolo zasekuhlaleni zingenza inkqubo yemfundo apho ukuphumelela kwemithambo-luvo kugqalwa njengamandla kwaye bonke abantwana banokuphumelela.