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Ukwazisa: Indima Ebalulekileyo Kuhlanga Olungafaniyo

Izikolo zasekuhlaleni zisoloko zingunogada woluntu kulo lonke elaseUnited States, kodwa umsebenzi wazo uye wanda ngokuphawulekayo njengoko ilizwe lisiya lisiba nomahluko omkhulu. Aba baphambukeli kunye nabafundi beembacu `abafike kutshanje okanye abantwana babazali abafike qha okanye abantwana babazali abathi bamel-as/rechar inxalenye ekhulayo yabemi beK-12. Ngokwe-Mogration Policy Institute, phantse omnye kubantwana abane kumazwe ase-U. Aba bafunda bazisa inkcubeko etyebileyo, ukumelana nengxubeko, ukumelana nebhoko, ukuvukelwa liphondo, ukudidelwa kwemi, ukungakwazi ukuqhelaniswa nenkqubo yesikolo, ukuphazamisa kwenkcubeko, kwaye iziphumo ezithelelayo kwingxaki ebangelwa kukurhwaqeshelwa okanye ukungquzula.

Izikolo azisabi ziindawo zokufundisa; ziziziko lokudibanisa, ukhuseleko, kunye namathuba. Ngokusebenzisa iinkxaso zokwenza iinkqubo zokufumana ulwimi ulwenzeke ngokufundisa okuzinzileyo.

Ukuqonda Iingxaki Abajamelene Nazo Abafundi Abafudukayo Nabafundi Abafudukayo

Ngaphambi kokuba sihlolisise izisombululo, kubalulekile ukuqonda imiqobo aba bafundi abamele bayoyise. Iingxaki azipheleli eklasini; zichaphazela zonke iinkalo zobomi bomntwana kwaye zinokuba neziphumo ezingapheliyo kwimfundo yabo kunye nentlalo-ntle yeemvakalelo.

Imiqobo Yeelwimi Nemiqobo Ekhoyo

Owona mqobo ukhawulezileyo kubafundi abaninzi abasandul ’ ukuzalwa bubuchule obulinganiselweyo besiNgesi. Oku kuchaphazela ubuchule babo bokuqonda izifundo, ukuthatha inxaxheba kwiingxubusho zeklasi, kunye nezabelo ezipheleleyo. Ngaphandle kwenkxaso eyaneleyo yolwimi, abafundi bangawa ngokukhawuleza, nto leyo ekhokelela ekunxunguphaleni nasekudimazekeni. Ngaphezu koko, abafundi abaninzi abavela kwamanye amazwe nabazii imbacu basuka kwiinkqubo zemfundo ezisenokuba ziphazamisekile, zishiya izithuba kulwazi lwabo olungundoqo lwezibalo, inzululwazi, kunye nokufunda. Umzekelo, umfundi ovela kwindawo enemfazwe exesheni usenokuba uphuthe iminyaka emininzi engekho mthethweni, nto ebangela ukuba kube nzima ukuhanjiswa kweminyaka elungeleyo.

Ukungavisisani Kwesithethe Nokuzimela geqe

Ukufudukela kwilizwe elitsha kuthetha ukushiya amasiko aqhelekileyo, izithethe zentlalo kunye neenkqubo zokuxhasa. Abafundi abaninzi bafumana uloyiko, olunokubonakala njengenkxalabo, ukurhoxa okanye ukuthatha inyathelo. Basenokuzama ukuqonda imithetho engachazwanga ephathelele indlela yokuziphatha kweklasi, intsebenziswano yoontanga, okanye i-ooontanga. Ukuzikhetha ngokwentlalo kuqhelekile, njengoko abafundi abatsha bekufumanisa kunzima ukwenza abahlobo ngenxa yokungaboni ngasonye ngolwimi okanye ukungafani kwezithethe.

Intlungu Nengcinezelo Yempilo Yengqondo

Abafundi beembacu, ingakumbi, badla ngokuthwala imithwalo enzima. Abaninzi baye babona ugonyamelo, ukulahlekelwa ngabathandekayo, okanye banyamezela ixesha elide kwiinkampu zeembacu. Uxinezeleko lokuphinda bafumane indawo entsha ($naviviga ilizwe elitsha, ukungaqiniseki ngokwemeko esemthethweni yentsapho, okanye ubunzima bemali (------oxponds. Izikolo ezingaluboniyo umngcipheko wokuchaphazeleka kwabafundi okanye ukubanyanzela ukuba bayeke. Uphando lwe-American Psychological Association lubalase ukuba ingxwelerheko lungaphazamisa ukusebenza nokufunda.

Ingxaki yentlalo yezoqoqosho

Iintsapho ezihlala kwiindawo ezingaphandle neziziimbacu zidla ngokujamelana nobuhlwempu, izindlu ezingakhuselekanga, kwaye zingakwazi ukufikelela kwimpilo entle. Ezi ngcinezelo zezoqoqosho zinokunyanzela abafundi ukuba basebenze emva kwesikolo, banyamekele abantakwabo abancinane okanye baqhubeke nentshukumo. Oku kuphazamisana nokuya esikolweni, ukugqiba umsebenzi wesikolo, nosukelo lwemfundo olude.

Iinkqubo zokuxhasa Ulwimi: Ukwakha Isiseko Sempumelelo

Inikwe ololwimi yindawo yokungena kuzo zonke ezinye izifundo, izikolo zifake imali eninzi ngesiNgesi njengenkqubo yesibini yolwimi (ESL) kunye noPhuhliso lolwimi lwesiNgesi (ELD). Kodwa inkxaso yolwimi olusebenzayo idlula ngaphaya kwexesha elinye leklasi.

Imiyalelo efakwe eplangini kunye nesiseko se-ESL esisekelwe kumxholo

Izikolo ezininzi ngoku zisebenzisa ubuchule obunemiqathango, apho imixholo engundoqo efana nenzululwazi kunye nezifundo zentlalo ifundiswa ukusebenzisa ulwimi olulula, uncedo lwentelekelelo, imisebenzi yezandla, kunye nokufunda ngentsebenziswano. Oku kuvumela abafundi bamaNgesi ukuba bafumane umgangatho womgangatho womgangatho wolwimi ngexesha elinye. Iinkqubo ezifana SSIP[ [imithetho ecwangcisiweyo yokubhalisa iMithethotho Yokuziphatha] (indlela yokusebenza kwemiboniso yoqeqesho) zinika abafundisi isiseko sokucwangcisa izifundo zolwimi kunye nokufunda.

Iinkqubo zojikelezo kunye nolwimi olusetyenziswayo

Ukuqonda ukuba ubuchule bolwimi lwengingqi buxhasa ukufumana isiNgesi, inani elikhulayo lezikolo linika imfundo ekhoyo okanye iinkqubo zomnyuselo wolwimi lwelwimi [. Ezi zimo zentengiso zifundisa ukufunda nokubhala kunye noko kuqulethwe zizifundo zombini kulwimi lwasekhaya kunye nesiNgesi. Umzekelo, inkqubo yeSpanish-ilwimi ezimbini-ilwimi ayincedi abafundi abathetha iSpanish kuphela ukugcina ulwimi lwabo lwefama kodwa yenza ukudibana okuninzi apho oontanga abathetha isiSpeyin bafunda khona isiSpanish. Uphando olusuka kwiZiko lolwimi zolwimi zolwimi zolwimi zolwimi zolwimi zodwa lubonisa ukuba iziphumo zemfundo eziphindoqoko-ondo zolwimi zivelisa iziphumo eziphezulu zolwazi lwamalungu-lwimi oluphilwaneyo bonke abathathi babathathi.

Iziko elitsha kunye neNkxaso eXhasayo

Izithili ezinkulu ezinezibhaptizo eziphambili ezitsha zidla ngokuseka Iziko lentsha elincinane .

Inyathelo lokusebenzisa inkcubeko: Ukukhuthaza nokuhlonelana

Impumelelo yemfundo ayinakwenzeka ngaphandle kokuba intlalo-ntle. Izikolo ziya ziqonda ukuba ukwenza isithethe sokwamkela abantu kubalulekile njengokulungiselela iiklasi zolwimi.

Ukufumana Izikolo Nezenzo Ezingaphelelisiyo

Iinguqu ezilula zenza umahluko omkhulu: ukubeka imiqondiso ngeelwimi ezininzi, ukubonisa iiflegi ezivela kumazwe asekhaya, nokubhiyozela iiholide ezahlukeneyo. iinkqubo zokungena ezithi zivezwe ziZikolo ze-, njengazo zikhuthazwa liZiko lobuLuntu loMthetho woLuntu, iprojekthi yokuLawulwa kweMithetho, abaqeshi-zoqeqesho ukuthetha ngengthsupheko, ukuvelisa iklasi epheleleyo, nokuphendula kukhuphiswano. Izikolo ezininzi zikwamisela iinkqubo ze-buddydy [[ apho abafundi abasandul ’ ukuzalwa kunye nabatsha abatsha bafumana iilayini zokuhamba ngesidlo sasemini, abafumana amaklasi, kunye nokwenza abahlobo.

Ukuba Ngumphathi Namathuba Okukhokela

Iinkqubo zoqeqesho ezisungulweyo zoluhlu lwabaphambukeli kunye nabafundi beembacu abaqeqeshiweyo nabacebisi abadala, abacebisi, okanye amatsha - ntliziyo oluntu.. Izikolo ezithile zikwayila iiklasi ezizinzileyo [[FLT: 0] ezizinzileyo ezifana neInternational Club okanye iRefuged Students Union, ezinika abafundi indima yobunkokeli kunye neqonga ukuze bababelane amabali abo. Ezi nkqubo zilwa nokuzikhusela.

Izithethe Neziganeko Zentsapho

Ukukhomba imithendeleko yezizwe ngezizwe, imidlalo yokutya, kunye neeverhe zabazali zikhuthaza ukuqonda okungangqubaniyo kunye nemiqondiso kwiintsapho ethi ilifa lazo lixabisekile. Umzekelo, isikolo sisenokufumana u- “Nyaka weelwimi zehlabathi” apho abafundi bacula khona kunye nemifanekiso ekroliweyo yamazwe abo. Iziganeko ezinjalo azibhiyozeli nje kuphela ingxubevange kodwa zikhuthaza abazali ukuba babe nenxaxheba kubomi besikolo.

Ungenelelo oluzenzekelayo: Ukwandisa ibala lokudlala

Ngaphandle kolwimi, abafundi abavela kwamanye amazwe nabaziimbacu badla ngokufuna ukuxilongwa ukuze bafumane ontanga babo.

Iinkqubo zoMhlophe nasemva kweSikolo

Izithili ezininzi zinikela ngesisa [ emva kwesikolo]. Ezi nkqubo zinika uncedo lwemisebenzi yasekhaya, inkxaso, imisebenzi yokufunda. Kubafundi abadala, ezinye izikolo ziqhuba iinkqubo zokuphucula [[FLT:] ukunceda abo bafikayo ngemiba yemfundo bafumana iimali ezifunekayo.

Ukufumaneka kobuxhakaxhaka kunye nokufundwa kwamanani

Ulwahlulo lwamanani luchaphazela ngokungenakulinganiswa iintsapho zabaphambukeli kunye neembacu, ezisenokungabi nazo iikhompyutha, unikezelo lwe-Intanethi, okanye ubuchule bobugcisa. Izikolo zithetha oku ngokunikezela [[FLT: 0] izigqumamamathelo kunye namachaphaza ashushu[, zinika iiklasi zokufunda ngamanani zabazali nabafundi, kwaye ziqinisekisa ukuba kwi-intanethi yokufunda amaqonga kubandakanya iilwimi ezininzi. Umzekelo, i- iSebe leSixeko semfundo se-New York City yemfundo[[[[FLT]]] iziXhobo] zasasaze ngaphezu kwama-300 000 amacebo ngexesha lesifo kunye nokuvelisa idesika-mali.

Imiyalelo Ehlukeneyo Nezicwangciso Zokulungiselela

Abafundisi- ntsapho beklasi baqeqeshelwe ukusebenzisa uqeqesho olwahlukileyo .

Impilo yengqondo kunye nokugula

Ukuxhasa umntwana wonke kuthetha ukusingatha amanxeba angabonakaliyo abafundi abaninzi beembacu abawathweleyo. Izikolo ziya zifumana iintshukumo ezibunjwayo [], ukusuka kwingqeqesho yesohlwayo ukuya kugxininisa kukhuseleko, ukuthembana, kunye nokuphilisa.

ISebe lezempilo yengqondo elisekelwe esikolweni

Izithili ziqesha [[FLT: 0] abacebisi besikolo abasebenzisa iilwimi kunye nabasebenzi boluntu abaqonda abaxinezeli abakhethekileyo abajamelene neentsapho zabaphambukeli. Ezinye izikolo ezinamaqumrhu empilo yoluntu anikela ngonyango lwe-sciste, ululeko, kunye nongenelelo lwengxaki. Umzekelo, School-Banglity Alliance [ zixhasa amaziko emfundo enkcubilisweni yezengqondo yoluntu amalunga namawaka angaphezulu kwama-500, uninzi lunikela iinkonzo ezilungiselelwe ulutsha olusebaleki.

Uphuhliso lolwazi oluyi-Trauma

Uqeqesho lwabafundisi ngoku luquka iimodyuli zokubona iimpawu zokwenzakala, ukwakha amagumbi okufundela akhuselekileyo, kunye nokusebenzisa ubuchule obufana iimbombo ze-ankile ze- kunye imisebenzi yokwahlukanisa [ endaweni yokohlwaya. Izilungiselelo ezifana ne- yesizwe ye-Traumatic Uxinzelelo lwamsebenzi wenethwekhi yoxinzelelo [[] zinika abahlohlisi abasebenza nabantwana beembacu.

Iinkqubo zokufunda ngemvakalelo yoluntu (I-SEL)

Ukurhweba kwisiseko sokufundisa kunceda bonke abafundi ukuba bahlakulele ubuchule obufana nokuzivumelanisa, ulwazelelelo, kunye nokucombulula ingxaki. Kubafundi abaphambukeleyo kunye neembacu, iSELE inganceda ngokukhethekileyo ekwakheni ingqiniseko nokunciphisa ixhala. Ngaphezu kwesiqingatha sazo zonke iU.S. ngoku izikolo zisebenzisa inkqubo esesikweni ye-SEL, kwaye abaninzi baziqhelanisa ukuze zikwazi ukusabela ngokwesithethe.

Ubandakanyeko Loluntu Nentsapho: Ukwakha Ukuthembana Nomanyano

Ukusebenzisana ngokunempumelelo neentsapho nemibutho yoluntu kubalulekile ekudaleni inkxaso yendalo.

Ukusebenzisa Imali Ngokulula Nendlela Yokunxibelelana Nentsapho

Izikolo ezininzi zisebenzisa [[QL:0] abaququzeleli bentsapho ababotshwayo okanye unxibelelwano olufanayo [ abathetha iilwimi zomzimba wabafundi. La malungu abasebenzi asebenzisa iibhulorho zokunxibelelana/ukudibanisa amaxwebhu, ukutolika kwiingqungquthela zomfundisi-mzali, kunye nokunceda iintsapho ziqhube inkqubo yesikolo (umz., ingxelo yokuqonda amakhadi, ukubhalisa isikolo, ukufikelela kwiinkonzo zempilo).

Iindawo Zomsebenzi Zabazali Nezakhamizi Zokunyamekela Iimpahla

Izikolo zineziqendu eziphakanyiswayo kwimixholo enjengethi “Ukuqonda Inkqubo Yemfundo yase-U.S.,”“ Indlela Yokunceda Umntwana Wakho Ngenkqubo Yonyango,” kunye ne-“Degital Ukhuseleko,” kunye ne-“Iinkqubo zeKoleji.” Ezinye zikwacwangcisa izibonelelo ezipheleleyo[ apho iintsapho zinganxulumana noncedo olusemthethweni, uncedo lwezindlu, abanikezeli bezempilo, kunye neenkqubo zoqeqesho lomsebenzi. I-immigractatsss [[[[FLTLT:3]] ezixekweni njengoLouisville neSan Francisco zisebenza njengendawo enye yokumisa ezikhoyo ezi nkonzo.

Uninzi lwabathathi-nxaxheba

Ii-International Resource Committee (IRC)[FLT: 1] iqhuba iinkqubo ezisekelwe kwisikolo kumazwe amaninzi anika uqeqesho, uqeqesho, uqeqesho, kunye nolawulo lwabafundi beembacu.

Inkxaso yomgaqo-nkqubo nenkqubo: Indlela Imimandla Namazwe Asabela Ngayo

Ngoxa imigudu yesikolo ngasinye ibalulekile, iinkqubo zenkqubo ziqinisekisa ukuba ziyalondolozwa yaye ziyalingana kwisithili ngasinye.

Imali ebonelelwayo

Iinkqubo ezifana neTit III ye-Act yoMfundi Ngamnye Wempumelelo (ESA) inikezela ngemali yengingqi yemali ngokukhethekileyo yabafundi baseNgilani nabafundi abaphambukeleyo. Ama-United States akwanikezela ngemali eyongezelelekileyo kubemi abafunekayo kakhulu. Umzekelo, i-Proview Control Funding Forula inika imimandla eyongezelelekileyo ii-R3 kumanani aphezulu eengingqi abafundi bamaNgesi, abafundi abafumana imali ephantsi, kunye nolutsha olukhuthazayo.

Iiofisi zenqanam leSithili kunye nabaQhagamsheli

Izithili ezininzi ezinkulu zinikezele Iofisi yeeNkonzo zolwimi oluninzi okanye Imikhosi eMsebenzi Emitsha eLawulayo eyongamela uzalisekiso lwenkqubo, ibonelela inkqubela-phambili yobugcisa, kunye neziphumo zokujonga abafundi. Ezi ofisi ziqinisekisa ukuba izikolo kumacala esithili zilandela ezona zilungileyo kwaye abafundi abaphambukeli abaqwalaseli abaqwalaseliyo.

Ukukhuselwa Kwabafundi Abafudukayo Ngokusemthethweni

Umthetho womanyano uqinisekisa bonke abantwana, kungakhathaliseki ukuba bakwimeko enjani yokufuduka, ilungelo lemfundo kawonke-wonke yamahhala (Plyler v. Doe, 1982). Izikolo azivumelekanga ukubuza malunga nemeko yokufuduka okanye ukukhanyela ukubhalisa okusekelwe kumaxwebhu. Izithili zisoloko zinemigaqo esendaweni yokukhusela ubumfihlo babafundi kunye nabaqeqeshi bendlela yokuphendula imibuzo yokunyanzelisa ukufuduka. .S. Isebe le-ofisi yemfundo yamalungelo e-Opulani [FLT] linikela ukhokelo kule micimbi.

Amabali Nempembelelo Eba Nempumelelo

Umzekelo wendlela ezinokwenzeka ngayo ezi migudu, qwalasela imizekelo embalwa yehlabathi. Kwiphondo leSithili seSithili (Las Vegas), inkqubo entsha ebanzi equka imbonakalo yeeveki ezintandathu, inkxaso yenkxwaleko, kunye nomzali wabona ulwando lwe-20% kumlinganiselo wokuphumelela kwexesha leembacuka phakathi kwabafundi abangaphaya kweminyaka emithathu. St. Paul, isikolo sephondo esinamaqabane asekuhlaleni noluntu lwasekuhlaleni uKarenton ukuze enze inkqubo yemfundo ephinda-phinde kabini yabafundi abasuka eMyanmar, nto leyo ephumela ekuphuculweni kwenani elingaphezulu lokufunda nabekhona. La mabali abonisa ukuba xa izikolo zifumana iinkonzo ezikumgangatho wasekunene, iimbacuka kamatilo-bhabhabha.

Ngaphezu koko, iinzuzo zidlulela ngaphaya komntu ngamnye. Abafundi abaphambukeleyo nabathathi-nxaxheba bazisa iimbono ezahlukeneyo, ubuchule bokufunda, kunye nemithetho engqongqo yomsebenzi ephucula uluntu lwesikolo siphela. Impumelelo yabo inegalelo kubuchule obungakumbi nobuquka umsebenzi, okunceda uqoqosho nebutho labantu.

Iingxaki Nemigaqo Yexesha Elizayo

Phezu kwazo nje ezi zinto ziphumele phambili, iingxaki eziphawulekayo zisaseleyo. Izikolo ezininzi azikabi namali yaneleyo, abaqeqeshi, okanye izinto ezifanelekileyo. Uguqulo lomfundisi luphezulu kwizikolo ezinceda abantu abahlwempuzekileyo, kwaye uqeqesho lwe-ESL alusoloko lufumaneka. Ukongeza, imvakalelo echasene ne-imvo ekhoyo kwezinye iindawo ingadala imekobume ezoyikisayo kubantu abatsha, kwaye iinkqubo zemeko kumgangatho wesizwe okanye karhulumente zingaguqula ngokungacinezelwayo (njengokutshintsha kwemithetho yeembacu okanye ukutyhola).

Xa zikhangela phambili, izikolo zimele ziqhubeke zisiya:

  • [[UMTL:0] Ingeniso kwinkqubela-phambili yezobugcisa kubo bonke abasebenzi, kuquka abafundisi- ntsapho abaphambili, kwinkcazo yenkcubeko echaphazelekayo kunye nobuchule bokwenzakala.
  • Yandisa iinkqubo ezithetha iilwimi ezimbini kwaye iqinisekisa ukuba abafundi bangagcina iilwimi zabo zasekhaya njenge mpahla.
  • Iinkqubo zogcino-lwazi ezomelezwayo ukukhangela inkqubela-phambili yabafundi abasuka kwelinye ilizwe kunye neembacu kwaye bachaze abo basengozini yokuwa ngasemva.
  • Ukwakha amaqabane oluntu awomeleleyo ukunikezela ngeenkonzo ezisongelweyo ezithetha ngempilo, indlu, neemfuno ezingokwasemthethweni.
  • Ukuxhasa imali eqinileyo kumgangatho wezwe nozwelonke ukuxhasa ezi nkqubo zibalulekileyo.

Isiphelo: Imbopheleleko Edityanisiweyo

Izikolo zasekuhlaleni zenza umsebenzi ophawulekayo wokuxhasa abafundi abaphambukeli kunye neembacu .. Zinikela kungekuphela nje imfundo kodwa indlela yokuba ngamalungu, ithuba, nethemba. Iindlela ezichazwe apha `suka kwiinkqubo ze-ESL kunye nenkathalo yokuphazamiseka ngokweemeko-meko-ntle yomanyano lwentsapho kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo yokuxhasa u--orgaaaant. Zibonisa oko kunokwenzeka xa abafundisi, abalawuli, iintsapho, kunye nabantu abasebenza kunye. Kodwa imbopheleleko ayisuki kwizikolo kuphela. Iyabelana nathi sonke: abaphathi-nkqubo, abamelwane, abaqeshi, nabemi. Ngokuxhasa izikolo eziquququququ nokuxhasa abantwana abahamba ngeengcango zabo, sifaka isandla kwikamva elinamandla, eliphambili kwingingqini nganye.

Inkcazelo engakumbi ngemisebenzi engcono, tyelela i-' i-Colorado ye-Website ye-Colorado ukwenzela izibonelelo zokufundisa amaNgesi, okanye funda [ i-UNICEF]ICEF ngemfundo yeeeeeencwadi yeembacu[. Ngaphezu koko, [[FLT:] ibonelela i-Phondo yePlayelogoriction Institute’s Education Imfundo kunye nenkqubo yoqeqesho [FLT] inika ulawulo lwezikolo olukhululekileyo. [[FLTLT:]