I-Ostreliya idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuxhaseni nokuxhasa imisebenzi yezothutho zikawonke-wonke kulo lonke eli lizwe. Indlela echaphazeleka ngayo inkqubela ephumelelayo nephumelelayo yezothutho, ichaphazela izigidi zabantu base-Australia yonke imihla. Xa kuveliswa kwezentengiselwano zemali zonyaka kwizithuthi ezingaphezulu kwee-R35 bhiliyoni, izigqibo zeTrente zisebenza kungekuphela nje ngokwendlela ehambayo kodwa kwanemveliso yezoqoqosho, iziphumo zemekobume yemekobume, kunye nokungalingani kwentlalo-ntle kwebutho labantu. Ukuqonda indlela iprojekthi yezothutho, i-oxitititititis, kunye nezothutho zikawonke wonke ziyimfuneko kubasebenzi abafake ityala abasuka kurhulumente abatsha abatshayo

Uhlolo lweqhinga lokuNciphisa

Icebo leNkcitho libandakanya ukudityaniswa kwemali karhulumente, umanyano lwerhafu, umanyano lwezorhwebo lukawonke-wonke, kunye neenkqubo zezemali ezitsha. Le ndlela idibeneyo ijolise ekuqinisekiseni ukukhula okuzinzileyo kwizithuthi zikawonke-wonke ngexesha ulawula iingozi zemali. Ngokungafaniyo namanye amazwe e-OECD, i-Australia ixhomekeke kakhulu ekungalinganini okuthe nkqo apho iCommond Wendelialth iqokelela uninzi lwengeniso yerhafuzo kodwa amazwe anikela inkoliso yezothutho lukawonke-wonke. Ngoko ke isebenza njengabaphathi besango kunye nomgcini-fashoni, uqoqo-mali kwimisebenzi enxulumene nezinto eziphambili zesizwe.

Iinkqubo zokuHlanganisa

Urhulumente wase-Australia unika izimali kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo, ezifana nenkqubo ye- Ummiselo we-Infracractive Investial Program, equka iNational Urban Transit Fund (NUTF). Ezi nkqubo zangaphambili zinika ulwandiso oluphucula uqhagamshelwano, ukunciphisa ukuxinana, kunye nokukhuthaza ukulondolozwa kwemeko-bume. Umzekelo, i-NUTF iprojekthi ejongene neendawo zothutho kawonke-wonke kumakhulu, inikezela nge 50% yeendleko zeprojekthi. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ingxowa yemali i-Sydney Melbourban Rail Hopy, kunye ne-Brisbane Crossureail. Izicelo nganye kufuneka idlulise intelo yovavanyo lwezoshishino oluqinileyo ekhonjwe yi-[FFDast]

Ngaphaya kweNUTF, iNgxowa-mali yoBubhali Yommandla ongcono neNgxowa-mali yezezimali yezothutho yeSizwe kwimimandla yengingqi. Ezi nkqubo ziphawula ukuba izithuthi zikawonke-wonke kwingingqi ye-Australia zidla ngokuthetha iinkonzo zoqeqesho olude, isiporo esilula kwizixeko ezikhulu zengingqi, okanye ukufumaneka kwesikhululo esiphucukileyo. Uthelekelelo lwemali lusebenza ngokusondeleyo neSebe leInfrastructure, Ukuthutha, uPhuhliso loMmandla kunye noNxibelelwano ukuqinisekisa ukuba le mali isetyenziswe ngokufanelekileyo. Umgaqo ongundoqo ngowokuba inkxaso yemali yesebe mayingaphindaphinde izenze imigudu yezo zikarhulumente; endaweni yoko, kufuneka ithethe izithuba ezicacileyo kwinethwe kwinethwekhitshane lesizwe.

Unxulumano olusemngciphekweni noluntu (PPP)

I-PPP ziyinxalenye engundoqo yendlela kaNondyebo. Zivumela utyalo-mali lwecandelo lobuqu kwisiseko sezothutho lukawonke-wonke, ukwabelana ngomngcipheko kunye nokuphuhliswa okukhuthazayo. IiPPP eziphumeleleyo ziye zaxhasa imisebenzi njengeentambo ezintsha zesiporo ezilula kunye neenkqubo zokuthutha ezikhawulezayo. I-Australia ithathwa njengenkokeli yehlabathi lonke kwizithuthi zePPPP, kunye ne-PP, ne-PLC ye-P] Isikhokelo se-PPP [FP] yesizwe [[FLT]] i-PPPP] ibonelela isakhiwo sokufumana nokufumana nokwabiwa, i-okanye nezixhobo zothutho, izakha, ishishini, isebenza, igcina imali, igcine iimpahla ngexesha lokuzibotsheleyo kwiminyaka engama-20-2030, emva koko kuthengwa kwenkonzo ye-omatilo-osethi zidibanise kwinkonzo nexabiso, njengesethi yexesha elifanelekileyo.

Imizekelo iquka iSydney Light Rail (CBD kunye noMzantsi-mpuma Light Rail) kunye neCanberra Light Rail Stage 1. Zombini ezi misebenzi zanikela iinkonzo ezintsha ngexesha naphakathi koqingqo-mali, ngeli xesha zifudusa ulwakhiwo kunye noncedo kwicandelo labucala. Indima ye-Ceta yePPPs ikwandiswa ekunikezeleni iziqinisekiso zemali ezisikwe ngokwenxenye, ukumisela ixabiso lemiqobo yemali, kunye nokulawula ukungeniswa kweenkqubo zokuphepha ukukhupha ilahleko. Noko ke, asiyiyo yonke iprojeko efanela lemodeli. Imali iqwalasela izicelo nganye kwicandelo likawonke-wonke phambi kokuncomela iPPP, ukuqinisekisa ukuhlawula okungaphezulu kwemali efunekayo.

Isalathisi soMqathango oNcedisiweyo

Imisebenzi yenkcazo yeTreasure yeNkcubeko yezemali ecetyisiweyo esekelwe kwimiqathango emininzi, kuquka ukusetyenziswa kwemeko yemekobume, kunye neenzuzo zoluntu. Iprojekthi kufuneka zibonise ukugcinwa okude kwexesha kunye neziphumo ezifanelekileyo zentlalo. Le nkqubo yovavanyo idityaniswe kwi- yesizwe yothutho olunezibonelelo ze-Fractal , emisela unyuselo olune lwempahla: uqoqosholo, imekobume, intlalo, intlalo-ntle, kunye nolawulo. Umzekelo, ukusetyenziswa kwezoqoqosho kubandakanya uhlalutyo lwemali olunezentelelo olunezentelelo olune, ngoxa iziphumo zoluntu zilinganisela umgangatho wokufikeleleka kwamaqela asezantsi kunye nabantu abakhubazekileyo.

Ukuthembeka

Imbombo yovavanyo lweTreasure yemali luhlalutyo olunenzuzo enzulu lwamashishini (BCA). Iprojekthi kufuneka zibonise umlinganiselo oluncedo-mali ka-1.0 ofanele aqwalaselwe ukuba afumane inkxaso-mali, nangona kuqhelise iTreel isoloko imisela imiqobo ephezulu ukwenzela imisebenzi yeqonga yeqonga ledolophu ngenxa yamaxabiso amakhulu eendlekozo zekomkhulu. Iingenelo ziquka imodeli equka ugcino-mali lokuhamba, ukucutha iindleko lwenqwelo-mafutha, ukucutha kwengozi, kunye nokukhutshwa komfako lwemali. Imisebenzi emikhulu, iinkokheli ezizimeleyo, isebenzisa iingxelo zemali ezifana neKPGM okanye PCC, ukuqinisekisa ulawulo lorhulumente.

Uqikelelo lwexabiso lothengiso lungolunye umba obalulekileyo. Uqikelelo lwexabiso leprojekthi lufuna ukuba i-synedis Metro City ne Southwest luquke uqikelelo lwexabiso leprojekthi olumalunga ne-15% kuqikelelo lwangaphambili lweqonga kunye ne-10% lwemimiselo engeenkcukacha. Le ndlela yesiqhelo ijolise ekunciphiseni amaxabiso okusetyenziswa kwentengiso, eye yazikhathaza ngokwembali kwimisebenzi yezothutho zikawonke-Australia. Umzekelo, iSixelo soMbindi soMbindi we-Sydney kunye noGawula-mali yayiyibhilibhiliyo, ngexesha lovavanyo, i-omatshini be-R3, engqinela ukuqinisekisa ubuchule bokusetyenziswa kwemiqatha yemibatho yenkcimbiso.

Ukukhathalelwa Kwemekobume Nentlalo

Ukulondolozwa kwendawo engqongileyo kugxininiso olungundoqo. Imisebenzi ekhuthaza iindlela zokuhamba eziluhlaza kunye nokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwe-carbon ephumayo i-octives ngaphambili. Imilinganiselo yemekobume yeTreasury idityaniswe nomnatha we-zero ngo-2050 wexhoba. Imisebenzi yezothutho lukawonke-wonke ivavanywa ukuba itshintshe abasebenzi kwiinqwelo-moya zabucala, ngaloo ndlela ithoba ukukhutshwa komphunga jikelele. Umzekelo, unyuso lwenethwekhi lweziporo zeMelbourne okanye ukuveliswa kweebhasi ze-0-egictives eSydney kulungele iincopho ze-icences kwi-Pucity matrix. Uhlalo lwekharbon, kuquka ukudiso oludiweyo kwikhaboni kwizixhobo zokwakha, ngoku kufuneka kusebenze ngaphezu kwezigidi ezizi-100.

Iimeko zentlalo, ezifana nokufumaneka nokudibana kwemali kunye nokudityaniswa kwabantu, zibalulekile kwizigqibo zemali. I-otherine ifuna iingxelo ezineenkcukacha zentlalo ezihlola indlela iprojekthi echaphazela ngayo amaqela amanani abantu ahlukeneyo. Umzekelo, izitishi ezintsha zoololiwe ezinzima kwiindawo ezikhulayo zaseSydney zifumana iziphumo ezingaphezulu ukuba ziquka ukuhlaliswa kwemigangatho ephezulu, iirhintyelwayo, ii-evantswana, kunye nemisebenzi yendalo. Iingxelo zombutho woluntu kufuneka zibonise unxibelelwano olunyanisekileyo noluntu, amashishini asekuhlaleni, kunye nabakhweli-advoki. Iprojeksi ezithi zifumana ingqwalaselo entle yoluntu.

Ulawulo nokuphendula

Isiseko esiqinileyo solawulo lwezigqibo zonke zemali. IBhunga leMpawu lilindele ukuba iprojekthi yeprojekthi yephondo ibe nentsebenziswano ecacileyo yokuhambisa ixesha, i-aflium ecacileyo, i-aftice projects. Iprojekti ye- imele inamathele kwiprojekthi ye-Projective ProjectialPlagionance [, eyalela ukuba iproject ukuba iprojekthi nganye ibe nomnini wexesha elibalulekileyo, ikomiti yokuqhuba i-drive, kunye necebo lolawulo lobungozi. Iprojectss ipapaties `[FLTLT] xa kuvela ukungaphumeleli okunexabiso eNtshona Koloni.[FLT]

Iingxaki Nemigaqo Yexesha Elizayo

Ukubonelela ngentlawulo yezithuthi zikawonke-wonke kusenzima ngenxa yokunyuka kwexabiso, ukuqwalasela ezopolitiko, kunye nokutshintsha kobugcisa. UNondyebo uzimisele ukuqhelanisa ngokuhlola iimodeli ezintsha zemali, ukukhuthaza izinto ezintsha zobugcisa, nokukhuthaza intsebenziswano enkulu noorhulumente. Xa ujonga phambili, indlela ye-Ostreliya ifuna ukulungelelanisa imbopheleleko nemfuneko yezi zithuthi zale mihla, ezisebenzayo, nezixhaswayo ezinceda iinkqubo zothutho lukawonke wonke ezinceda iimfuno ezikhulayo zohlanga.

Uhlahlo-lwabiwo-mali nohlahlo-lwabiwo-mali

Amaxabiso olwakhiwo e-Australia anyuke kakhulu, eqhutywa kukunqongophala kwabasebenzi, ukunikezela amatyathanga, kunye nokhuphiswano oluvela kwicandelo lovimba. [[FLT: 0]] Imali eninzi yaseAustralia yokwakha incwadi yesandla yesandla yeposi ye-Australia ye- inikela ingxelo yokuba amaxabiso olwakhiwo lweseyile anyuka nge 8-10% ngonyaka phakathi ko-2020 no-2024. Imali i-overentelity ithelwe kukusebenza ixabiso elithengwa yixabiso lesiseko sogcino-siseko sogcino-lwazi [[[[FLTLT]] [[FLT]] [i3] elivumela ukuphawulwa ngokukhawuleza kweprojekthi, nangokukhuthaza ukwenziwa kwesakhiwo kunye namalungu asezantsi. Noko ke, ezi ziintyalo azinakukwazi ukuhla unyuko-mali. Ukuphepha uhla kolwabiwo-mali, ngoku kufuneka ukuba kuqukelwe iindleko-endo oluphambili phambi kogcino-mali, unyusollllllkt.

Imijikelo Yezobupolitika Neyomgaqo - siseko

Imali exhaswayo yezothutho lukawonke-wonke ngokwemvelo yeyezobupolitika, kunye nemijikelo yonyulo ebangela uxinzelelo lokuzibophelela kwimisebenzi ngaphambi kokuba amatyala oshishino agqitywe. Indima yeTsheya kukunyanzela ukunyanzelisa ukuqeqesha okungalawuleki, kodwa isenokunganyanyeki ngezigqibo zekhabhinethi. Umzekelo, inkxaso ekhawulezayo ye-Implorboarder Airport Rail Ny (ngoku ebekelwe ixesha elide) yayingummiselo wezopolitiko obonisa ukuba akunakwenzekanga. Ukuqinisekisa oku ngemali. Ukuphelisa oku kunyanzele, ukunyanzeleka kwemizimba ye- [[FLT] okungenamandla engxamiseni yoonqanda ephambili ye-Astraccompss Australia, iqala ukusetyenziswa kwemijinga ye-ethenti, iqala ukunqanda-onqanda-omisa uhlalo-mthetho.

Umahluko wobugcisa

Unyuko lwezithuthi ezizimeleyo, i-Mooldiali njenge Nkonzo (MaaS), kunye nezithuthi ezideded lubangela ucelomngeni kwimizekelo yesithethe yezithuthi zikawonke-wonke. Iinkqubo zemali zangoku zekota zithatha iindlela ezizinzileyo kunye nexesha, kodwa iinkqubo zexesha elizayo zinokuba bhetyebhetye-bhetye. I-Moonte i- imisebenzi encedisayo [[FLT]] [iiiindlela] yezithuthi ezidityanisiweyo nezihamba ngenqwelo-mafutha ezizihambelayo kunye nemigangatho eqinileyo. Umzekelo, i-Involuvo kunye ne-SCM Agenda ibeke imali yokuvavanywa kwe-ama-ama-ama-ama-ama-ama-ama-trayerketting kwinkqubo ekhawulezileyo e-Adela e-Adelayorde. Uthentioner ihlola indlela yokuphatha iindlekovotimenti ezikhoyo kunye nexabiso lemirhumo yoncedo yemali ee-emali eemali esele injalo.

Izixhobo zokufumana ixabiso kunye nenye intsika

Ukongezela izibonelelo zesithethe, iNgxelo yeNkcubeko ikhuthaza ixabiso lokubanjwa (kwaye intengiso engcono). Xa umgca omtsha wenjanja ephezulu unyusa amaxabiso empahla ekufutshane, iPhondo igxininisa ukuba abaphuhlisi kunye nabanini-mhlaba bafanele banikele kwixabiso. [ Brisbane Cross River Rail[[[FLT:]] iprojekthi ibandakanya ixabiso lokuthatha inxalenye ethile ngokwenjongo ethile kwintengiso yeprojekthi ekhoyo. I-omatini i-omatilone i-Advistory i-Adroory i-liket ye-omatiliti ye-omatilike. I-FiPrognet: [2]

Umanyano noorhulumente bakarhulumente

Umzekelo, akukho mgangatho mnye karhulumente onokuthi uxhase izithuthi zikawonke-wonke. Uveliswa-mali uqinise izivumelwano zakhe zenkxaso-mali kunye namaphondo ngezivumelwano zezezimali ze-biatename, njengeminyaka eli-10, i-2020 lezigidi zeerandi zisebenza ngokutyikitywa koo-2022. Ezi zivumelwano zicwangcise amaxhoba kwaye zifuna inkxaso engqinelanayo. Umzekelo, i-Victorian Governmental’s Subban Rail Leop ixhasa i-50% ngezivumelwano zemali ze-Commonwealth, 30% nge-omatilonethi, kunye nama-20% ngokufumana ixabiso. Oorhulumente bongingqini, ngelinye iminikelo engundoqo, ibonelela ngokubekwa kwakhona umhlaba jikelele kwizitishici zezikhululo zombuso kunye nokungena.

Ulwalathiso lwexesha elizayo: Uthutho oludityanisiweyo kunye nocwangciso lwelizwe

Ingxelo yezothutho yesizwe incomela ukuba inkxaso-mali yeSebe leSizwe ibotshelelwe ibonelele ukuba inkxaso-mali yeSebe elilawulayo ibotshelelwe isuka kwinkxaso-mali esekelwe kwiprojekthi, ukuya kwinkqubo yeprojekthi. i-Platensiethi elawulayo i-Roffation Comment Commission [[FLT:]]2030] ibonelele ukuba inkxaso-mali yemali ibotshelelwe kwi [[FLT], edibanisa izibonelelo, izindlu, kunye nokuhanjiswa kwezibonelelo ezisezixeko ezifana neHobartville. Kuqala iziphumo zokulungisa ukuphatha izindlu ngemigca emitsha. I-ovectoriat [FFF: FFF]

Indlela yeNkcitho yemali yase-Australia ihlala ingumsebenzi ofanelekileyo wokulinganisela. Kufuneka yabe nezinto ezincinane zokuhlawula irhafu ukwenzela imisebenzi enikezela ngexabiso lenyani lezoqoqosho, lemekobume, nelentlalo, ngeli xesha igada ekuhlaseleni kwexabiso lexabiso lemali, ingcinezelo yezobupolitika, kunye nokungaqiniseki kobugcisa. Ngokuqhubeka kusulungekiswa kwemigaqo yayo yokuhlola, ukuphucula iindlela zemali, nokusebenzisana nezixhobo zemali namazwe kunye nabantu basekuhlaleni, iTrente yenzeka kakuhle ngakumbi, iziphumo zezixhobo zokuhamba zikawonke-wonke, ezinokusetyenziswa, ezilinganayo, kunye nezingaxhaswa ziza kunceda abantu base-Australia ukufikelela amashumi eminyaka.