Ukucela urhulumente kuhlala kusesinye sezixhobo ezithe ngqo abemi kufuneka bafune ukuphenduliswa, ukucebisa utshintsho lwenkqubo, okanye ukucelw'ucelomngeni lwezigqibo zolawulo. Kodwa nangona kubaluleke kakhulu ngedemokhrasi, indlela esuka ekubhaleni isicelo sokubona isenzo sokwenene isoloko ithintelwa ziinkqubo ezintsonkothileyo, unxibelelwano oluluzizi, kunye namagosa angenamdla. Abacebisi abaninzi badimazeka xa izibongozo zabo ezicetywe ngenyameko zinyamalala kwiphulukelwe liphupha. Iindaba ezilungileyo zithetha ukuba ngokusondelela kobugxadaba, ngokuyila, ukulwa kolwalamano, kunye nolwazi lwe-procel-emental-medial. Eli nqaku liyakwazi ukuphucula ngokuphawulekayo ukuphumelela kwendlela ezingqiniweyo zoko ukuphelisa imiqobo, ukusuka ekulungiseleleni okokuqala ngolandelelwa, ngoko ilizwi lakho aliviwangasetyenziswa nje kuphela kodwa lisebenza.

Ukuqonda Indlela Ecel ’ Umngeni

Phambi kokuba wenze igama elinye lesicelo sakho, kufuneka uyiqonde kakuhle indlela ukucela okusebenza ngayo kumongo worhulumente wakho. Igama elithi “ukuphindaphindeka” ligubungela umahluko omkhulu wezicelo ezisesikweni nezingacwangciswanga: inyathelo lommi lokubeka umlinganiselo kwibholoti, igqabaza likawonke-wonke kumthetho ocetyiweyo, isikhalazo esisemthethweni kumntu ocela uxolo. Uhlobo ngalunye lulandela imimiselo eyahlukileyo, imiqathango, nefomati.

Yazi Isiqhagamshelanisi Esilungileyo

Urhulumente unika iingongoma eziliqela zokungena kwizicelo. Ezinye iziko ziquka ukuthotyelwa kwee-ofisi ezithile, njengenkqubo yokufaka isicelo esisemthethweni se-United States Congress (iziganeko.creasthouse.gov) okanye iPalamente ye-UK inikela indlela elula yokuqokelela izicelo. Ezinye iziko liquka ukuthotyelwa koorhulumente abathile, ukuva okanye ukungqinelana kwemithetho. Ukukhetha isiqhagamshelanisi esiphosakeleyo kungaphumela ekugxothweni ngokukhawuleza. Umzekelo, ukuba ucela ibhodi yendawo egcina umgaqo wemekobume, isicelo sakho siya kuthunyelwa okanye sityeshelwe. Uphando okanye umbutho othile olawula ulawulo lwakho, kwaye uqinisekisa nokuba uyasamkela izibongo ze-elektroniki-m, iifomu, okanye zombini.

Ukuqonda Iinkqubo Neexesha

Umjelo ngamnye usiza nemfuno yawo: inani elincinci lotyikityo, ixesha elinyanzelekileyo lokulinda, ixesha elifunekayo lokuphendula ifregi yexesha, kunye nenkqubo yokubhena enokwenzeka. Isicelo sikarhulumente we-U.S. “Thina bantu” sicela iqonga lifuna utyikityo olulishumi elinamashumi amahlanu eentsuku ezingama-30 ukufumana impendulo esemthethweni yeNdlu emhlophe. Ezinye inyathelo lomgangatho karhulumente lifuna utyikityolo oluthe lwazi. Ukwazi le mithetho kukuvumela ukuba ucebe iphulo lakho linyani. Ukuba isicelo sifuna ukuba utyikityo oluziweyo kwaye unenyanga kuphela, ufuna ucebe ucetyo oluqinileyo oluphumayo ngemini olunye.

Ingxelo kawonke-wonke

Amasebe amaninzi karhulumente apapasha izikhokelo ezineenkcukacha zokuthobela izibongozo, ngokufuthi ngohlobo lweziqendu ezithi “Indlela Yokucela” kwii-website zabo. USA.gov] idibanisa ulwazi kwizicelo zikarhulumente, ngelixa urhulumente noorhulumente begcina ubuncwane babo. Hlola la maxwebhu ngenyameko, kwaye uqaphele naziphi na iimfuno zobume, njengobungakanani befonti, imida yephepha, okanye imfuneko yokuquka i-affidavit. Amanyathelo kweli nqanaba angachitha iiveki zokusebenza.

Ukulungisa Isicelo Sakho

Isibongozo esilungiselelwe kakuhle singaphezulu koluhlu lwezinto ezifunwayo ``ixwebhu olunempembelelo ecacileyo, oluxhasa oko kuthethwayo ngobungqina, kwaye lubonisa iziphumo ezisebenzisekayo zotshintsho oluceliweyo. Oorhulumente baqeqeshelwa ukuvavanya iimpikiswano ngokufanelekileyo, ngoko ke isicelo sakho kufuneka sijonge ukuba siqwalaselwe.

Ukwakhiwa nokukhanya

Qalisa ngesihloko esishwankathekileyo esibamba intsingiselo yesicelo sakho. Landela ngesishwankathelo esifutshane ``ayikho ngaphezulu okanye iziqendu ezimbini') esichaza oko ukubuzayo kwaye isizathu. Emva koko nikeza inkcazelo eninzi, ecwangcisiweyo phantsi kwezihloko eziqhekeza ingxaki, isisombululo esiceliweyo, neenzuzo ezilindelekileyo. Sebenzisa ulwimi olucacileyo; phepha isikhonkwane ngaphandle kokuba sikhankanyiwe kwibala kwaye siqondwa ngokubanzi ngamagosa. Iincam ze Bullet zinganceda kuluhlu lwezitshixo okanye iimpikiswano, kodwa zingazisebenzisi ngaphezulu. Isiqendu ngasinye kufuneka siqhubele phambili ngobuchule.

Ubungqina Nogcino-lwazi

Xelisa zonke iingxelo zenyaniso ngomnxeba okanye uqhagamshelwano oluthembekileyo. Umzekelo, ukuba ucela isibane sezithuthi kwicandelo lokunqumla iingozi, quka amanani engozi avela kwisebe lamapolisa elikufutshane, ingxelo evela kwigunya lezothutho, kunye nemifanekiso yesiza. Ukuba ucela utshintsho lwenkqubo, iingxelo ezinxulumene nolwazi, ubungqina obungochwepheshe, okanye imithetho engqinelanayo kwezinye iindawo. Okukhona kunzima ngamagosa ukulahla isicelo sakho njengoluvo olungenazikhuseli. Xa kunokwenzeka, kuquka iinkcitho: iipesenti, iindleko, iindleko zabantu abachaphazelekayo, kunye neziphumo zeprojekthi.

Amabali Obuqu Neengxelo Ezinempembelelo

Ngoxa inkcazelo ikhuthaza ukuqiqa, ingxelo yobuqu ibandakanya ulwazelelelo. Bandakanya iingxelo ezimbalwa ezithinjwe ngabantu abachaphazelekayo yile nkupho. La mabali kufuneka angqale, ahlonelwe, kwaye aphephe ukuba neenkcukacha ezigqithisileyo. Umzekelo, umzali omntwana wakhe waphantse wabethwa phantse wabethwa kwimpambana-mnqamlezo eyingozi angachaza isiganeko kunye nentlungu yaso. Amagosa asenokukhumbula isibongozo ezidiyo ezingafaniyo ezibusweni babantu.

Ukulungiselelwa Nokululamela Ngobuchule

Patha isicelo sakho njengoxwebhu oluqhelekileyo. Sebenzisa ifomati esesikweni, amaphepha anamanani, kunye nesakhiwo sesihloko esingaguqukiyo. Quka umalathisi ogqumathelisa isicelo sakho kwaye udwelise naziphi na izinto ezinamatheliswe kwinkxaso. Ukuba unikezele ikopi yephepha, sebenzisa iphepha lomgangatho ophezulu kwaye dibanisa zonke izinto ngokucocekileyo. Unikezelo lwe elektroniki kufuneka lube kwifomati ehambelanayo kakhulu, njenge PDF, kwaye akufunekangadlulisi nayiphi na imida yefayile. Ukukhangela okuphinda- kabini ukuba uquke bonke abatyikinqini, utyikityo, okanye ezinye izityibilikiso ezifunekayo phambi kokuba uthumele.

Abaxhasi

Isibongozo esimela umntu omnye asinampembelelo kangako kuneso sixhaswa ngabaxhasi abadibanisayo. Ukwakha isiseko esibanzi senkxaso akunyusi nje kuphela inani lotyikityo lwakho kodwa kwanemiqondiso kumagosa yokuba umba wakho uxhaswa ngokwenene yintlalo.

Yazi Iingcinga Ezikubangelayo

Qalisa ngokudwelisa imibutho, amaqela oluntu, kunye nabantu abanempembelelo abanomdla kumsebenzi wakho. Kwimeko-ntle yasekuhlaleni, equka unxulumano lwengingqi, ukungancedi kwemekobume, abanini-mekobume, abancinane abanoshishino, kunye namaziko onqulo. Zimisele ukufikelela kubo kwangoko, chaza isicelo sakho, uze ubuze enoba baza kusixhasa okanye baya kuncedisana na kuso. Ileta esesikweni yokuxhasa intlangano eyaziwayo ithwala ubunzima. Kwanomthombo wezonxibelelwano oluqhelekileyo osuka kumntu ohloniphekileyo wasekuhlaleni uyakwazi ukufikelela kuwe.

Sebenzisa Izixhobo zamanani Ukuphanga iQela

Amaqonga okucela unikezelo afana Tshintshisana. org okanye iziphumo zikuvumela ukuba uqokelele utyikityo lwe-tektroniki kunye nabaxhasi. Ezi zixhobo zinika ii-alytics: ungabona ukuba bangaphi abantu abatyikityiweyo, apho basuka khona, kwaye indlela abayifumana ngayo isicelo sakho. Sebenzisa unxibelelwano ukunyusa umyalezo wakho onikezelweyo, i-hashtag, iposi yokuhlaziya rhoqo, kwaye ukhuthaze abaxhasi ukuba baphawule iingxelo zikarhulumente ezinxulumene neprojekti. Noko ke, ziyakwazi ukukhumbula imithetho yeqonga: ezinye izikhundla zezicelo zikarhulumente zifuna utyikityo lwengingqi ethile, ngelibo lwesithathu, ngexa iqonga elincinane linokuxhasa iqonga elisemthethweni elinoburhulumente.

Lungisa Iziganeko Neendlebe Zoluntu

Ukuba isicelo sakho siyinxalenye yephulo lokukhuthuza, cinga ukuba nentlanganiso yesidlangalala, iholo yedolophu, okanye intlanganiso. Iziganeko ezinjalo zibangela ukupapashwa kwenkcazelo yeze-thekiniki-ndaba zize zibonise amandla okukhula komdla. Mema intatheli zasekuhlaleni kunye namagosa anyuliweyo. Ukuchotshelwa kakuhle kukawonke-wonke kunganyanzela ama-cureaucrat ukuba asithabathe nzulu isicelo sakho. Nokuba amagosa akakho, ukhuphisa ingxushuwa yakho kwincoko kawonke, nto leyo ekwenza kube nzima ukuba angayihoyi.

Ukoyisa Imiqobo Yamagunya Olawulo

Kwanezona zibongozo zilungileyo zinokuthintelwa ngenxa yokunganxibelelani, ukunxibelelani kakuhle, okanye ukuchasa okungqalileyo. Ingongoma kukukhangela ezi zinto zithintelayo uze ube nesicwangciso sokusebenzisa zona ngaphandle kokuxambulisana.

Stencils

Emva kokunikezela isicelo sakho, misela ucwangciso lobunono, uphande oqeqeshiweyo. Thumela i email emfutshane okanye fownela iveki nganye ukuya kwezine ukubuza malunga nobume. Gcina ilog yazo zonke iincoko: imihla, amagama abantu abathethwa kubo, kunye nesishwankathelo sencoko. Olu xwebhu lubaluleke kakhulu ukuba kamva ufuna ukunyusa umba okanye umalandulo. Ukuba ufumana impendulo ebonakala ingaphelelanga okanye ebhadula, buza imibuzo kwaye ucele ixesha elikhethekileyo. Amatafile amaninzi e- bureaucrate akhatywa kuba kungekho wabelwe ukuhambisa ifayili phambili . `ascance' qiniseka ukuba uhlala kwidesiki yomntu othile.

Phelisa Ngeziqhagamshelanisi Eziqhelekileyo

Ukuba uphindwa-phindwa ulandela-eapps akuveli nkqubela phambili, khangela iindlela ezisesikweni zokulawula. Abameli abaninzi banenkqubo yokubhenela ngaphakathi okanye i-ofisi ye-ombustsman. EUnited States, i- Office ye-Ombudsman[ ingaphengulula izikhalazo malunga nolibaziseko lokulawula okanye ukuphathwa ngokungekho sikweni. Ungaqhagamshelana nommeli wakho okhethiweyo -- lolwano, imeko, okanye urhulumente, kwaye ucele kubo ukuba babuze ngemibuzo yakho. Ileta evela kwi-ofisi yomseki wesishicineli idla ngokukhupha impendulo ephuma kumzinziswano wobuthandabuza.

Ukukhupha Imithetho

Xa amagosa engavumi ukwabelana ngolwazi ngokusingatha kwakho isicelo sakho, sebenzisa inkululeko yemithetho yolwazi. E-U.S., i-Free of Information Act (FOIA) ikuvumela ukuba ucele naziphi iingxelo zombutho ocelayo malunga nesicelo sakho, kuquka ii-imeyili zangaphakathi, imisebenzi, kunye nesigqibo soluvo. Isicelo seFOIA singenza ukuba ikomiti yenkululeko ibonakale kwaye ngamanye amaxesha sityhile ukuba isigqibo senziwe kodwa asithethiwe. Yiba ngolu hlobo oluthile lwemali oyicelayo, uze ulungiselele ukuhlawula okanye ukulibazisa. Amaqela amaninzi e-adivo anikela ukhokelo kwizicelo ze-FOIA ezisebenzayo (bona [[FLT:]] iKomiti yenkululeko yoocress[FLT][FLT]1]

Funa Ingqalelo Yamajelo eendaba Neyoluntu

Oorhulumente basekuhlaleni banomdla wokufumana uphando lukawonke-wonke. Ukuba isicelo sakho sifumene inkxaso ecacileyo kodwa siyaqhubeka sisiba buthathaka, cinga ngokuqhagamshelana neendawo zokukhupha iindaba zasekuhlaleni. Ibali elimalunga nesicelo esithandwayo esityeshelwayo lingadala uxinzelelo lokwenza okuthile. Bhala ukhupho loshicilelo, igplobhol kwintatheli ezigquma indawo yakho yengxelo, kwaye ukulungele ukunikezela iingcaphulo ezifutshane kunye nesiqalo. Amaphulo oluntu abalaselisa ukulibazisa okuzinzileyo, ukuqinisekisa amanqaku angqalileyo, ukuqinisekisa okuchanabileyo. Noko ke, ukuphepha ukuhlasela amagosa ngamanye, ukugxininisa ekungasayinwa kwenkqubela yakho, hayi umntu.

Imposiso Esemthethweni Njengohlobo Lokugqibela

Xa onke amacandelo olawulo egqityiwe, inyathelo elisemthethweni lingaba lifanelekileyo. Eli nyathelo lifuna ixesha elibalulekileyo kunye noovimba, ngoko kusengqiqweni kuphela ukucela izibongozo eziphezulu. Khangelana negqwetha elinobuchule kumthetho wolawulo okanye kumalungelo abantu. Ukumangalela kusenokuphikisa ukuba ukungaphumeleli kwesebe ukuphendula komthetho okanye umsebenzi womthetho. Kwanosongelo lwenyathelo elisemthethweni maxa wambi lungavuselela impendulo. Ukuba uya enkundleni, qinisekisa ukuba unengxelo epheleleyo yesicelo sakho, landela ulandele, nayiphi na into ongayifuniyo.

Ukuqwalasela Okusemthethweni Nokufanelekileyo

Ukucela kunelungelo elikhuselweyo kwidemokhrasi ezininzi, kodwa kubangelwa ziimbopheleleko. Ukuhambisana nemilinganiselo esemthethweni nokugcina ingqibelelo kulondoloza ukuthembeka kwenjongo yakho kwaye kukukhusela kwizinto ezikuchasayo.

Ucoselelo Nokunyaniseka

Ungaze uquke inkcazelo ebubuxoki okanye elahlekisayo kwisicelo sakho. Ukuba wenza impazamo, yilungise ngoko nangoko ngokubhala. Uyixokisa ngesiquphe ubungqina, ukuyila intsayino, okanye ukugqwetha umgangatho wenkxaso kungayikhokelela kwisohlwayo esisemthethweni, kuquka intlawulo okanye ityala lolwaphulo-mthetho lokuqhatha. Kwaneempazamo zempazamo zempazamo zangaphangalanga zingenza ungabi nathemba xa zifunyenwe. Qinisekisa zonke izibalo kunye nemihla, kunye nokucaphula kakuhle.

Ihambo Yentlonelo

Hlala uthetha ngobuchule nangentlonelo nakumagosa. Ukukhathazwa, ukugrogriswa, okanye ukunyeliswa akuthethi nje ukuba akunangeniso kodwa kusenokungqubana nemithetho echasene nokoyikisa abasebenzi bakarhulumente. Khumbula ukuba amagosa osebenza nawo ngabantu abasebenza umsebenzi othile. Ububele buvula iingcango ezivalekayo. Nokuba uphazamisekile kukulibazisa, chaza inkxalabo yakho ngokungqongqo kodwa ngendlela ethozamileyo.

Imfihlo Ye-data Nokuvuma

Ukuba isicelo sakho siquka utyikityo, yiba ngolu hlobo ngendlela oza kuyisebenzisa ngayo loo gcino-lwazi. Ulawulo oluninzi lufuna ukuba utyhile ukuba utyikityo luza kuposwa okanye lugcinwe luyimfihlo. Luqokelele kuphela ulwazi olufunekayo (umz., igama nedilesi yoqinisekiso) kwaye ugcine ngokukhuselekileyo. Musa ukwabelana ngeenkcukacha zobuqu zabatyikityo ngaphandle kwemvume ecacileyo. Ukutyeshela imithetho yabucala kungasinciphisa sonke isicelo sakho kwaye kukubeke engozini.

Ukusebenzisana Nemithetho Yemali Yephulo

Ukuba isicelo sakho sibandakanya ukuchitha imali (iintengiso, iziganeko, okanye utyikityo oluhlawulwayo lungathotyelwa iphulo lokunika ingxelo yeemfuno zemali, ingakumbi ukuba isicelo sikwandulela inyathelo lokuqala lokufaka ibhola okanye unyulo lokukhumbula. Ukudibana negqwetha lonyulo okanye umbutho ongengowo ojongelwayo njengo I-CITANICES yetyala ne-Ethics eWashington ukuqinisekisa ukuba uyaziqonda iimfuno zakho. Ukungaphumeleli ukunikela ngentelekelelo okanye imingeni esemthethweni yokucela kwakho.

Isiphelo

Ukusebenzisa imiqobo yemithetho ebonakala ngathi icwangciswe ukukuthintela. Ngokuyiqonda kakuhle inkqubo esemthethweni, yokwenza uxwebhu olunyanzelekileyo nolusekelwe kubungqina, kodwa kuyinto engenakwenzeka. Umahluko phakathi kwesicelo esiqokelelayo nolulawulayo uyakwazi ukutshintsha utshintsho luxhomekeke ekulungiseleleni, ukunyanzeleka, nokusetyenziswa kwayo kanye imithetho ebonakala icetyiswe ukukunqanda. Ngokuyiqonda kakuhle inkqubela yezoburhulumente, ukwenza uxwebhu olunyanzelekileyo nolusekelwe kubungqina, ukwakha umnqongo wamalungu axhasayo, kwaye ukwazi indlela yokukhula xa kuyimfuneko, ungaguqula imiqobo ye-bubutura ibe yenzelo elulayo. Inkuthalo yemithetho nenkuthalo iqinisekisa ukuba ulo lwakho, xa lufika, lukhuselekile kwaye luyahlonelwa ngamandla. Isicelo sokucela sisixhobo esinamandla, umonde, kunye nokuzimisela, kwaye uya kwandisa amathuba akho, kwaye uya kuphendula kunelizwi lakho.