Table of Contents
Oorhulumente basekuhlaleni basebenza njengabameli ababalulekileyo bamalungelo abantu kumazwe alo lonke iUnited States. Ukusuka kumabhunga esixeko ukuya kumaphondo, la maqumrhu alawula imithetho, anyanzelisa imithetho elwa nocalucalulo, kwaye aseka iinkqubo ezikhusela abemi ekuphathweni ngokungekho sikweni. Ukuqonda iindlela oorhulumente basekuhlaleni abakhusela ngazo amalungelo abantu kunika abemi amandla okuba nenxaxheba ngokukhuthele ngakumbi kubomi bentlalo-ntle baze bagcine amagosa abo anyuliweyo ebeke ityala.
Olu khokelo lunentsingiselo luhlolisisa indima eninzi eyenziwa ngoorhulumente basekuhlaleni ekukhuseleni amalungelo abantu, imigaqo engokwasemthethweni abayenzayo ngaphakathi, neendlela ezisebenzisekayo abemi abanokubandakanyeka kuzo kwezi nkqubo ukukhuthaza ukulingana nokusesikweni kuluntu lwabo.
Ukuqonda Isakhiwo Sasemthethweni Sokhuseleko Lwamalungelo Asekuhlaleni
Urhulumente wasekuhlaleni usebenza kwisiseko somthetho esintsonkothileyo esiquka imithetho karhulumente, karhulumente, kunye nomasipala. Ngoxa umthetho wamalungelo abantu wesizwe onjengoMthetho wamalungelo abantu ka-1964, iSivumelwano se-Fair House, kunye namaMerika aneziphene zokukhuselwa, oorhulumente basekuhlaleni badla ngokunwebela kwezi ziseko ukucombulula iimfuno zengingqi zabo.
Imithetho yaMalungelo aMazwelonke kunye nokunyanzeliswa
ISivumelwano saMalungelo esisemthethweni sinyanzelisa ukuba kukhuselwe imithetho karhulumente ekhusela abantu ekucalucalulweni ngenxa yobuhlanga, ibala, imvelaphi yobuzwe, ukukhubazeka, isini, unqulo, isikhundla sobufazi, okanye ukuphulukana namanye amalungelo omgaqo-siseko. Oorhulumente basekuhlaleni banendima ebalulekileyo ekuzalisekiseni ezi migaqo yokhuseleko karhulumente kumgangatho webutho labantu.
UMthetho weFair House Act uyalela oomasipala namanye amaqumrhu karhulumente ukuba asebenzise izigqibo zokuhlala okanye umhlaba okanye asebenzise imigaqo-nkqubo yokusebenzisa umhlaba engacalucalulwa okanye ekhethe abantu abaneziphene. Oku kuthetha ukuba amasebe ocwangciso lwasekuhlaleni neebhodi zokuhlala kufuneka ziqwalasele ngenyameko iziphumo zamalungelo abantu kwizigqibo zabo.
Amanye amatyala eSebe akwathi oomasipala namanye amaqumrhu karhulumente asekuhlaleni aphule uMthetho weFair Houses xa bengavumi okanye bengavumi ukuhlahlela iinguqu zokuhlalisa, okanye bezibeka kwimimandla encinane kakhulu, ngenxa yokuba abo babeza kuba bahlala apho babelindeleke ukuba babe ngama-Afrika aseMelika aphezulu. Ezi zenzo zonyanzelo zibonakalisa ukuvelela kukarhulumente wokwenza izigqibo.
Ukhuseleko lwamalungelo abemi abakwiqondo likarhulumente
Oorhulumente basoloko benikela ukhuseleko olungakumbi lwamalungelo abantu olungaphaya kweemfuno zikarhulumente. ISebe lamaLungelo aMazwe lingumbutho owiswe ityala lokunyanzelisa imithetho yamalungelo abantu baseKhalifoniya, kunye nothumo lokukhusela abantu baseKhalifoniya ekucalucalulweni okungekho mthethweni emsebenzini, kwizindlu, kumashishini, nakwinkqubo zezoshishino, nakugonyamelo olunekhethe kunye nokurhwebelana kwabantu. Amaphondo amaninzi anemibutho asebenza ngokufanayo ekunxibelelaneni noorhulumente basekuhlaleni.
EMichigan, ucalucalulo lwezindlu lwalelwe nguMthetho we-Elliott-Larsen waMalungelo oLuntu kunye nabantu abanoMthetho weSiphendu wamaLungelo kaNontlalo, onomthetho karhulumente oquka zonke iinkuselo zorhulumente kunye nokongezelela iminyaka yobudala kunye nobume bomtshato, umthombo wengeniso, imbonakalo yesondo, kunye nokuchazwa kwe-schemin. Oku kubonisa indlela imithetho karhulumente enokunikela ngayo ukhuseleko olubanzi kunemimiselo yorhulumente.
UMasipala noLawulo lweNtlalo
Ekubeni kungekho zikhuseli zikarhulumente okanye zikarhulumente zokungacaluli, oomasipala abaninzi baye bathabatha inyathelo lokukhusela abahlobo babo, intsapho nabamelwane babo ekucalucalulweni ngemithetho yasekuhlaleni engacalucalucalulo ekwalelani ucalucalulo olusekelwe kwisimilo sesini okanye ubufanasini kwimisebenzi yangasese, kwizindlu, nakwizindlu zabo kunye /okanye nendawo yokuhlala kawonke wonke.
Umthetho olwa nocalucalulo owenzelwe ukukhusela abantu kwiintlawulo, kwizindlu zoluntu, kwimisebenzi, kwibala, kwibala, kunqulo, kwiintlobano zesini, kwimvelaphi yesizwe, ngokweminyaka, ngokwesini, ngokwesini, ngokwesini okanye ngesiphene. Izixeko ezifana neScottsdale, iArizona ziye zasebenzisa iindlela zokukhusela eziqhelekileyo eziqinisekisa ukuba bonke abemi baphathwa ngendlela efanayo.
NgoMeyi 1, 2025, iMinneapolis, ibhunga lesixeko saseMinnesota ladlulisela iinguquko eziliqela kumthetho walo wamalungelo abantu, oweyisa uqheliselo lokungamelani nolwaphulo-mthetho emsebenzini, phakathi kwezinye iindawo. Oku kubonisa indlela oorhulumente basekuhlaleni abaqhubeka behlaziya ngayo ukhuseleko lwabo lokucombulula iimbambano ezivelayo kunye nokucombulula imicimbi ebanzi kumaqela angakhuselekanga ngaphambili.
Ukunyanzeliswa kwamalungelo abemi basekuhlaleni
Izixeko ezininzi neenkundla ezininzi zimisela amaqumrhu azinikeleyo okanye iikhomishini yokunyanzelisa imithetho yamalungelo abantu nokuphanda ngezikhalazo zocalucalulo.
Ukwakhiwa nomsebenzi wamalungelo asekuhlaleni
I-Arhente yamaLungelo e-Opulaneti e-Inforcement inikela ezi nkonzo zilandelayo: Iimpendulo kucalulo olunokwenzeka kwizindlu, imisebenzi kunye nendawo yokuhlala kawonke-wonke eyenzeka kwisiXeko saseSt. Louis kwaye zinikela uphando olungakhethiyo kwiingxelo ezichaza ubuhlanga ezisekelwe kurhulumente, kurhulumente nakummandla okhuselweyo. Lo mzekelo ukhutshelwa kwizixeko kulo lonke eli lizwe, unika abahlali iindlela ezinokufikeleleka ukuze banikele ingxelo kunye nokucombulula ucalucalulo.
Umsebenzi ka-Austin Equity kunye ne-Inclusion kukuguqula iinkqubo zokwandisa ukufikelela, ukususa imiqobo yokufumana ithuba, ukuphendula ucalucalulo, nokukhuthaza uluntu apho zonke ii-arhente zihlonelwa khona, ngeli xesha kuqinisekiswa ukuthobela ngokupheleleyo imiyalelo esebenzayo karhulumente neyorhulumente, kuquka amasiko esixeko sasekuhlaleni, amaMerika anikwe uMthetho weNxele-nkulu, kunye no-Sihlomelo VI soMthetho wamaLungelo ka-1964.
I-Ofisi ye-Equoty ne-Inclusion inika iqumrhu elisembindini ukunyanzelisa amalungelo abantu achasene nolwaphulo-mthetho kunye nemimiselo karhulumente. Le nkqubo iphakathi inceda imigudu yogcino-mthetho equkuqelayo kwaye inika iqondo elicacileyo lokunxibelelana nabahlali abafuna uncedo.
IKomishini yaMalungelo abantu
IChicago Rights Human Ordinance iyalwalela ucalucalulo kwimisebenzi, kwizindlu zikawonke-wonke, kwimicimbi yokuthenga amatyala, kunye nokubolekisa, kwanempindezelo, ngelixa iChicago Fair House House Ordinance ilwalela ukuba kubekho ucalucalulo. IKhomishini yeChicago on Human Relations isebenza njengomzekelo wendlela iikhomishoni zamalungelo abantu zasekuhlaleni ezinokuluphendula ngayo ucalucalulo kwiicandelo amaninzi.
Emva kokuba ityala liqukunjelwe, iKhomishini iyalazisa ishishini ngalinye okanye umntu ngamnye otyholwe ngokucalucalulo ngeposi, ngexesha elimisiweyo lokunika impendulo ebhaliweyo, ihlolisisa isikhalazo kwaye igqiba ukuba ngaba kukho "ubungqina obungalinganiyo" bokwaphula umthetho, kwaye ukuba kufunyenwe ubungqina obuninzi, ityala liyaqhubeka lichotshelwa phambi kwegosa elivayo kunye nolawulo lokugqibela lweBhunga labaLawuli. Le nkqubo yokumiselwa kwayo iqinisekisa inkqubo efanelekileyo ngoxa inika iimpendulo ezifanelekileyo kumaxhoba ocalucalulo.
IKhomishini yaseChicago on Human Relations ibekwa ityala lokunyanzelisa iCFHO neChicago Human Rights Ordance egubungela imisebenzi, iindawo zokuhlala zikawonke wonke, ityala, nocalucalulo olumanyeneyo, yaye ukususela ekupheliseni kowe - 1990, iye yamisela le mithetho ngokulungiselela ubundilele bokuphengulula nokuphelisa izikhalazo zocalucalulo.
Uphando Neenkqubo Zokukhalaza
Amaziko alwela amalungelo abantu asekuhlaleni alandela iinkqubo ezisunguliweyo zokuphanda izikhalazo zocalucalulo.
Zonke izikhalazo kufuneka zigcinwe kwientsuku ezingamashumi asithoba ukusuka kumhla wesenzo sokugweba esityholwayo, kwaye ucalucalulo olutyholwayo kufuneka lubekho kwisixeko iScottsdale. Imida yexesha lokukhalaza ngezikhalazo zomthetho iyahluka ngokolawulo, ikwenza kubeluleka ukuba abemi basekuhlaleni baqonde iimfuno zabo zasekuhlaleni.
Iinkqubo zophando ziquka ukuqokelela ubungqina babo bobabini, ukubuza amangqina, ukuhlola amaxwebhu anxulumene nawo, nokumisela isigqibo sokuba ucalucalulo luye yenzeka kusini na.
Inkcaso yezindlu nolawulo lorhulumente
Izindlu zeyona ndawo ibalulekileyo apho oorhulumente basekuhlaleni bakhusela amalungelo abantu.
Ukuhlaliswa kwezindlu zobulungisa kunye nokunyanzelwa
ISebe lamaLungelo elikwiKhalifoniya lijongene nokumiswa kwemithetho esesikweni yezindlu zikarhulumente eyenza kube kokungekho mthethweni ukucalucalula okanye ukukhathaza umntu ngenxa yophawu olukhuselweyo, njengobufanani, uhlanga, imvelaphi yobuzwe, imbonakalo yesini, ubufanasini, okanye unqulo. Oorhulumente basekuhlaleni basebenzisana namaziko esizwe ukuqinisekisa ukuba kukho uwiso lwezindlu olusesikweni.
Kwanaxa kukho omnye wemithetho yeendawo ezintle kakhulu kweli lizwe, ucalucalulo nokwahlulwa kocalulo luyaqhubeka lulinganisela amathuba okuhlala abemi abaninzi baseChicago, njengoko abasebenzi bezindlu, abanikazi, kunye nabaphathi bempahla bengaziqondi kakuhle iCFHO, okanye iingozi zokungawuhoyi umthetho nto leyo ebangela umonakalo kubantu abaninzi neentsapho. Oku kubonisa imfuneko eqhubekayo yokuba kubekho iinkqubo ezinamandla zokugcinwa kwamapolisa.
Abanye oomasipala banemithetho yasekuhlaleni enikela ukhuseleko olongezelelekileyo ngaphaya kwemfuno zikarhulumente neyorhulumente. Ezi zikhuseli zinyusiwe zingaquka iiklasi ezikhuselweyo, iinkqubo zonyanzeliso olunamandla, okanye ukugqunywa okunzulu kwemisebenzi enxulumene nezindlu.
Ukulima Nelizwe Zisebenzisa Izigqibo
Ukusetyenziswa kweendawo kunye nomhlaba kusenokuba nemiphumo enzulu yamalungelo abantu. Uqheliselo lokulawula ulwaphulo-mthetho luye lwasetyenziswa ngokwembali ekuhlaseleni abantu kwaye lumisela amathuba okuhlala amaqela amancinane.
Oku kuthintelwa kubandakanya iziganeko zokucalucalulwa ngokugqithisileyo kumalungu onqulo oluthile kunye nezenzo ezingezozo ezingqalileyo, njengemithetho yokuhlala amakhaya oluntu enzelwe ukumisela ukusetyenziswa njengeendawo zokunqula. Amasebe okucwangcisa asekuhlaleni kufuneka azihlolisise ngenyameko izigqibo zokuhlahlela ukuqinisekisa ukuba awaphuli kukhuseleko lwamalungelo abantu.
Abanyanzeli bezengqesho abafanelekileyo bale mihla bayaqonda ukuba injongo yokuqhekeza izindlu ayisoloko iyimfuneko ukuvelisa ulwaphulo.
Izindlu kunye nokulungiswa okufanelekileyo
Umgcini-ndlu kufuneka akhethe umthetho njengendawo yokuhlala esengqiqweni ukuba kuyimfuneko ukuvumela umntu onesiphene ukuba abe nethuba elifanayo lokunandipha indawo yokuhlala, kwaye angavumi ukuvumela izilwanyana eziyimfuneko okanye izilwanyana ezixhasa iimvakalelo ukuba zikhetheke ngokungekho mthethweni. Oorhulumente basekuhlaleni banyanzelisa ezi mfuneko ngamasebe abo afanelekileyo ezindlu kunye namasebe okwakha.
Izilwanyana ezincedayo kunye nezilwanyana ezixhasa iimvakalelo azinakukwazi ukuzalela, ukukhula, okanye ukutyeba okuqhelekileyo okusetyenziswa kwizilwanyana ezifuywayo, kwaye abaqeshi abanakunikwa imali yokuzinika izilwanyana okanye irente yezilwanyana ezifuyiweyo. Ezi zinto ziqinisekisa ukuba abantu abaneziphene bayakwazi ukufumana amathuba okuhlala ngokupheleleyo.
Ucalucalulo Lomsebenzi Nokhuseleko Lwasekuhlaleni
Oorhulumente basekuhlaleni bakhusela abasebenzi ekucalucalulweni ngemithetho edla ngokugqitha kwiimfuno zikarhulumente nezorhulumente.
Iiklasi Ezikhuselweyo
I-mentements ichaza "indawo yokuhlala" njengabo basenokuba okanye bangabi "naso isigxina, indawo yokuhlala eqhelekileyo, kunye nendawo eyaneleyo yasebusuku" kwaye inika isiqinisekiso sokuba akuvumelekanga ukuba umqeshi alamkele ukuqesha okanye ukuphelisa umqeshi okanye umqeshi osekelwe kwimo yendlu yabo ngaphandle kokuba isenzo esinjalo singenxa yokuthethelela okusemthethweni kwezoshishino. Olu tshintsho luthetha ucalucalulo kubantu abangenamakhaya.
Olu tshintsho lukwalela ucalucalulo olusekelwe kubude bomzimba, ubunzima, okanye ubukhulu, oluquka umlinganiselo wokwenene wamanani kunye nomfanekiso womntu njengobude okanye omfutshane kunye/okanye namafutha okanye umlinganiselo wamanani. Olo khuselo lubonisa ukuba ucalucalulo alunakwa ngumthetho wesizwe.
Utshintsho lwandisa intsingiselo yohlanga phantsi kwe Ordinance ukuquka iimpawu ezinxulumene nembali nesizwe okanye ezicingelwa ukuba zinxulunyaniswa nohlanga, njengombala wolusu, iimpawu ezithile zomzimba, uhlobo lweenwele, kunye neengcaciso zentloko zokukhusela. Ezi nguqulelo zininzi ziqinisekisa ukukhuselwa okubanzi nxamnye nocalulo olusekelwe kwibala.
Ukuvalwa Kwebhokisi Nethuba Elifanelekileyo
Iyasebenza uJanuwari 1, 2021, i- "Ban the Box" umthetho we-7104 uthintela abaqeshi kwisiXeko saseSt. Louis ekusekeni ukuqeshwa okanye izigqibo zonyuselo kwimbali yolwaphulo-mthetho zabafaki-mthetho, nokubuza ngembali yolwaphulo-mthetho lwamatyala de emva kokuba kugqitywe ukuba umfaki-sicelo ufaneleke. Le nkqubo ifanelekileyo yokuqesha inika abantu abaneengxelo zolwaphulo-mthetho ithuba elinentsingiselo lokukhuphisana ngomsebenzi.
Ukuvalwa kwebhokisi kuyaqonda ukuba ukucalucalucalulwa okusekelwe kwimbali yolwaphulo-mthetho kunokubangela ukuba abantu ababevalelwe baphinde bafumane imvume ephumelelayo. Ngokulinda imbali yolwaphulo-mthetho ibuze de kube kamva kwinkqubo yokuqeshwa, le nkqubo iqinisekisa ukuba abafaki-zicelo bavavanywe ngokusekelwe kwiimfaneleko zabo kuqala.
Izindlu Ezifanelekileyo Emsebenzini
Izindululo zikwaqinisekisa ukuba abaqeshi kufuneka baqalise inkqubo "efanelekileyo yokusebenzisana" nomqeshwa ofanelekayo ukumisela indawo efanelekileyo yokuhlala enxulumene nokukhubazeka okanye imiqathango enxulumene nokukhulelwa. Le mfuneko iqinisekisa ukuba abaqeshi babandakanyeke ngokunentsingiselo nabaqeshi abafuna indawo yokuhlala.
Izilungiso ngoku ziza kufuna abaqeshi ukuba babe nenxaxheba kwinkqubo yokusebenzisana ngokungacwangciswanga nokunika iindawo zokuhlala ezifanelekileyo "ezifanelekileyo ezinxulumene nokukhulelwa" zomqeshwa ofanelekayo. Ezi zikhuseli zidlulela ngaphaya kweemfuno zikarhulumente ukubonelela inkxaso ebanzi kwabasebenzi abakhulelweyo.
Iindawo zokuhlala zikawonke-wonke kunye nokufikelela okulinganayo
Amalungelo abantu akuloo ndawo ayalwalela ucalucalulo kwiindawo zikawonke - wonke, kuqinisekisa ukuba bonke abantu banokukwazi ukungena kumashishini, kwiinkonzo nakumaziko alinganayo.
Umda woKhuselo lweKhaya likaRhulumente
Umthetho ochasene nolwaphulo-mthetho ukhusela abantu baseScottsdale ekukhetheni izindlu, kumashishini asebenzela uwonke, nakumsebenzi, kuquka amashishini asekuhlaleni nabaqeshi kwaye ufuna ukuthobela umthetho, kwaye unika indlela yokuphendula izikhalazo zocalucalulo.
Ngokuqhelekileyo iivenkile zokutyela, iihotele, iivenkile, iiholo zemidlalo, iindawo zonyango namanye amashishini asebenza kuluntu ngokubanzi.
Ishishini elingavumelaniyo necawa kufuneka livulelwe wonke umntu ngokweemeko ezifanayo, kwaye ukuba ishishini likhetha ukunikela iimpahla neenkonzo kuluntu, kufuneka lithengiswe kubo bonke ngokulinganayo. Lo mgaqo wokufikelela ngokulinganayo wenza isiseko seendawo zokuhlala zikawonke-wonke zokhuseleko.
Ukunyanzelwa kunye nemali
Ukuba kuvela ucalucalulo, abo baphula umthetho baya kubekwa ityala.
Nabani na ophula umthetho uza kugqalwa enetyala lomthetho kwaye ngokuqiniseka kwawo uza kohlwaywa ngokungabi nakugqithisa umlinganiselo ovunyelwe ngumthetho, okanye ukuvalelwa entolongweni kungabi ngaphezu konyaka omnye okanye zombini, kwaye ukuba umnikazi wemvume yesixeko, ilayisense, ipesenti, inzuzo, okanye uncedo lungawuphula umthetho, isixeko singathabatha inyathelo lokuvala imvume okwexeshana okanye ngokusisigxina, ilayisensi, ipenisi, okanye ingenelo.
Iinkqubo Zoluntu Nezithathi - nxaxheba Ezahlukahlukeneyo
Ngaphandle kokunyanzeliswa komthetho, oorhulumente basekuhlaleni bavelisa iinkqubo ezikhuthaza ukwahlukahlukana, ukubandakanya nokuqondana phakathi kwamalungu oluntu.
Uqeqesho Nemfundo
Amaziko amaninzi alwela amalungelo abantu asekuhlaleni afundisa abantu, amashishini, nabanini-ndlu ngamalungelo abo neembopheleleko zabo phantsi kwemithetho yamalungelo abantu.
Iinkqubo zokuqeqesha abasebenzi bakarhulumente basekuhlaleni ziqinisekisa ukuba abo basebenzisana noluntu bayayiqonda imilinganiselo yamalungelo abantu yaye bayakwazi ukubona ukuba abasebenzi bamapolisa banokuphulwa.
Iinkqubo zokukhuthuza nokuququzelela kwenkcubeko
I-AEI ikwavelela umsebenzi wobuhlanga, imicimbi yabaphambukeli, amagqala, izindlu ezifanelekileyo, umsebenzi olinganayo, ukuqeshwa ngokufanelekileyo, i-ADA-title II, isihloko VI, indawo kawonke-wonke, uMthetho we-CRWENT kunye nengingqi yamalungelo okucwangcisa. Le ndlela ibanzi yokuqhuba idilesi yemilinganiselo emininzi yokulingana nokuquququzelela.
Iinkqubo zokukhuphisana kwenkcubeko zinceda abasebenzi bakarhulumente namalungu oluntu ukuba basebenze kakuhle kwiimeko zenkcubeko. Ezi nkqubo ziyaqonda ukuba ukukhuthaza amalungelo asekuhlaleni akufuni nje ukulwalela ucalucalulo, kodwa kufuneka kwakhiwe ngokukhutheleyo.
Ubandakanyeko loLuntu kunye neeNtlanganiso
Ukuququzelelana kwengingqi ukuze kwakhiwe umanyano oluhlala luhleli olubangela iinguqulelo ezifanelekileyo kumela iqhinga elingundoqo lomsebenzi wamalungelo abantu. Iinqanawa ezisebenzisana nemibutho yasekuhlaleni, amaqela oluntu, kunye nabemi abachaphazelekayo banceda ukuqinisekisa ukuba amanyathelo amalungelo oluntu ahlangabezana neemfuno zokwenene zoluntu.
Iikomiti zolawulo ezibunjwe ngamalungu oluntu zinikela igalelo elibalulekileyo kumalungelo abantu eliza kuqala kwaye zinceda oorhulumente basekuhlaleni bahlale benxulumene nabantu abakhonza kubo.
Uphuhliso loMgaqo-siseko noMthetho
Amagosa asekuhlaleni anyuliweyo namaziko alwela amalungelo abantu anendima ebalulekileyo ekuveliseni iinkqubo ezikhuthaza amalungelo abantu nezikhuthaza ukukhuselwa ngokuqinileyo kwelizwe nakumgangatho worhulumente.
Uphuhliso loMkhosi neSihlaziyo
Esi sixeko besisebenza ngaphezu konyaka sizama ukulolonga umthetho wolwaphulo-mthetho lomhlaba ukususela ngo- 1977, nemixholo enxulumene nolwandiso lwakutshanje oluquka ulwandiso lweeklasi ezikhuselweyo, ulwimi oluhlaziyayo ukuze luqhubeke luqukwa, kunye nokwanda kobungqina bocalulo olusekelwe kumthetho ohlaziyiweyo. Oku kubonisa indlela oorhulumente basekuhlaleni abaqhubeka belungisa ngayo amalungelo abo okukhusela abantu.
Inkqubo yophuhliso lomthetho ibandakanya uphando lwezenzo ezingcono, ukunxibelelana nabagcini-matyala, ukuchonga, nokubhala ngenyameko ukuqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa nokusebenza okusemthethweni. Urhulumente wasekuhlaleni angakhangela kwezinye iindawo ukuze afumane imizekelo aze alungelelanise iindlela eziphumelelayo zokufikelela kwiindawo ahlala kuzo.
Ukulungelelaniswa koorhulumente
Umanyano, kunye norhulumente ngamnye unegunya elizimeleyo lokuphanda nokuvavanya ulwaphulo-mthetho oluninzi lwamalungelo abantu, kwaye ngamnye uneembopheleleko ezizimeleyo kodwa ezingenani. Oku kulawula ngokuhambelana kuvelisa amathuba omanyano kunye nomanyano.
Ukusebenza kunye kuqinisa imigaqo yoluntu yokuphathwa ngokulinganayo phantsi komthetho nokuba abo basebenzisa igunya kunye namandla karhulumente mabaphendulwe xa bengafikeleli kwimilinganiselo encinane yesidima neyokuzibamba. Ukusebenzisana okunempumelelo phakathi kwesebe kuqinisa ukunyanzeliswa kwamalungelo abantu kuwo onke amanqanaba.
Ukuxhasa Utshintsho Lwesizwe noloManyano
Oorhulumente basekuhlaleni badla ngokuxhasa ukukhuselwa okunamandla kwamalungelo abantu kumgangatho karhulumente nowamagunya. Amabhunga eziXhosa kunye namaqumrhu ephondo asenokuwisa izigqibo ezixhasa umthetho wamalungelo abantu, kwaye amagosa asekuhlaleni asenokungqina phambi kwezindlu zowiso-mthetho okanye iNgqungquthela ethetha ngemfuneko yokukhuselwa ngokunyusiweyo.
IRhuluneli u-Max Pritzker yaseIllinois yadala iKhomishini ye-Accounting Commission, enenjongo yokuqokelela ubungqina behambo enokuba yimeko engekho mthethweni ngamagunya karhulumente, ukuxhasa abameli kumasebe ophando, nokuncomela utshintsho kwimithetho ekhoyo yokukhusela abemi belizwe. Oku kubonisa indlela urhulumente noorhulumente basekuhlaleni abanokusebenza ngayo kunye ukukhusela amalungelo abantu.
Ummi Unenxaxheba Kukhuseleko Lwamalungelo Asekuhlaleni
Ukukhusela amalungelo abantu kufuna ukuba abemi batshate ngokukhutheleyo.
Ukuya Kwiintlanganiso Zesidlangalala Nakwiindlebe
Iintlanganiso zebhunga lesiXeko, iintlanganiso zelifa lephondo, kunye nokuchotshelwa kwemithetho ecetyisiweyo kunika abemi amathuba okuvakalisa inkxalabo yabo nokuxhasa ukukhuselwa kwamalungelo abantu.
Intlanganiso zocwangciso kunye neentlanganiso zebhodi enika amathuba okuqwalasela ukusetyenziswa komhlaba okungachaphazelekayo kwamalungelo abantu. Abahlali bangaya kwezi ntlanganiso ukuqinisekisa ukuba izigqibo zokulungisa azibaqhubeli phambili ucalucalulo okanye ucalulo.
Izikhalazo Ezikhalazayo Neengxelo Zokwaphula Imithetho
Xa abemi belo lizwe bebona ucalucalulo okanye bebona, ukumangalelana namaqumrhu alwela amalungelo abantu kuqalisa inkqubo yokunyanzelisa. Kubalulekile ukunikela ingxelo ngexesha, njengoko imimandla emininzi imisela imiqathango yokuzibekela ixesha izikhalazo ezingxamisekileyo.
Ukulayisha i email kate.johnson@ aspen.gov. Ulawulo oluninzi ngoku lunika izibuko le Internet kunye neendlela ezininzi zokunikezela iingxelo, ukwenza inkqubo ifikeleleke ngakumbi.
Amanye amaphondo nezixeko ziye zavelisa amazibuko abemi beli candelo abanokuwasebenzisa ukuze bachaze indlela engafanelekanga abasebenzi basekuhlaleni abaza kuyisebenzisa.
Ukuthelekisa Imibutho Yobuchule
Imibutho yasekuhlaleni elwela amalungelo abantu, amaziko ezindlu ezifanelekileyo, namaqela okuxhasa amalungelo abantu anika amathuba okuzibophelela ngokuqhubekayo kwimibandela yamalungelo abantu.
Imibutho emininzi yamkela amatsha - ntliziyo ukuba ancedise kwimfundo, ekufumaneni ulwazi, ekuxilongweni nakwezinye izinto.
Ukukhonza KwiiKomiti Zoorhulumente
Uninzi lwabameli basekuhlaleni namaziko alwela amalungelo abantu aquka iikomiti okanye iibhodi zokwalathisa amalungu oluntu. Ukusebenza kula maqela kunegalelo elingqalileyo kumalungelo abantu nemigaqo-nkqubo.
Amalungu ekomiti ancedisayo asenokuhlola izikhalazo, ancomele iinguqu zenkqubo, isikhokelo soluntu, kwaye asebenze njengemibutho enxibelelana phakathi kombutho wamalungelo abantu kunye noluntu oluthile. Le nkonzo imela indlela enentsingiselo yokufak' isandla ekukhuseleni amalungelo abantu.
Ucelomngeni Nokusikelwa Komlinganiselo Wamalungelo Asekuhlaleni
Ngoxa oorhulumente basekuhlaleni befeza indima ebalulekileyo ekukhuseleni amalungelo abantu, bajamelana nocelomngeni neentsilelo ezahlukahlukeneyo ezichaphazela ukuphumelela kwabo.
Izilondolozi Zikavimba
Isebe lasekuhlaleni elijongene namalungelo abantu lisebenza ngoqoqosho olulinganiselweyo nabasebenzi, nto leyo enokuchaphazela amandla abo okuphanda izikhalazo ngokucokisekileyo nokuqhuba imisebenzi yokunyanzelisa. Imali eyaneleyo ibalulekile ukuze kukhuselwe amalungelo abantu, ukanti amaziko alwela amalungelo abantu asoloko ekhuphisana nezinye izinto eziza kuqala ukuze abe nobuncwane obulinganiselweyo bukamasipala.
Amalungelo amancinane asenokungabikho kwaphela abasebenzi abazahluleleyo kumalungelo abantu, bexhomekeke endaweni yoko kubasebenzi bexesha elithile okanye besa abasebenzi abanezinye iimbopheleleko zamalungelo oluntu. Oku kungaphumela ekunyanzelweni komthetho okungenantsingiselo kwaye kuncitshiswe iinkqubo zemfundo.
Uthintelo Olugqithiseleyo
Oorhulumente basekuhlaleni banokunyanzelisa ukukhuselwa kwamalungelo abantu kuphela kwimida yabo yelizwe kwaye baphantsi kwemiqathango yomthetho karhulumente. Amanye amazwe alinganisela ukuba oorhulumente basekuhlaleni bayakwazi ukumisela ukhuseleko lwamalungelo abantu olungaphaya kweemfuno zikarhulumente, lubangele imisantsa yokubhaliswa.
Ucalucalulo oluqhubekayo kwiimeko ezingaphandle komasipala lungaphelelwa ligunya lokuqinisekisa ukuba kukho ucalucalulo.
Uphando lweenkonzo
Nangona kukho imithetho engqongqo, abemi abaninzi, amashishini nabantu abahlala apho abawazi amalungelo abo neembopheleleko zabo phantsi kwemithetho yamalungelo abantu.
Ukulungisa ezi ndlela zocalucalulo kufuna imfundo nemigudu yesithethe yokuziguqula ngokuqhubekayo, kusenze singakwazi ukuzibona yaye sifune ukuzazi.
Iimbambano Ezimandundu Kukhuseleko Lwamalungelo Asekuhlaleni
Oorhulumente basekuhlaleni bayaqhubeka bethetha ngezimvo ezintsha zokulwela amalungelo abantu njengoko abantu beguquka baze bakhethe abanye.
Ubuxhakaxhaka kunye nocalucalulo lwemithetho-siseko
Ukwanda kokusetyenziswa kwemithetho-manani kunye nobuchule obungeyoyamvelo kwizindlu, emsebenzini, kunye nokunikezelwa kwenkonzo kunyusa inkxalabo entsha yamalungelo abantu. Iinkqubo zokwenza izigqibo ezizenzekelayo zingaqhubekisela phambili okanye zikhulise ucalucalulo olukhoyo, zidala iziphumo zokukhetha amanyala ngaphandle kwenjongo yokukhupha ucalucalulo.
Oorhulumente basekuhlaleni baqalisa ukucombulula le miba ngemithetho efuna ukuba kubekho ukubonakala gca kwisigqibo sokwenza imithetho-mithetho-siseko nokunqanda ukusetyenziswa kwemithetho-siseko egqwethekileyo. Amanye amagunya alawula uphicotho-zincwadi lweenkqubo ezisetyenziswa kwiinkonzo zikarhulumente ukuchonga nokuphelisa iimpembelelo zokukhupha ulwaphulo-mthetho.
Umthombo Wocalucalulo
Ukwanda kwenani lamazwe asekuhlaleni akulwaleli ucalucalulo olusekelwe kwingeniso, ukukhusela abantu abasebenzisa iirejista zezindlu okanye ezinye iindlela zoncedo lokuqesha. Oku kuchaza umqobo obalulekileyo wokufumana indawo yokuhlala iintsapho ezifumana imali ephantsi.
Umthombo wengeniso ekhuselekileyo kufuneka abanini-ndlu bamkele iziqinisekiso zezindlu nezinye imithombo esemthethweni yengeniso ngokulinganayo nengeniso yesithethe yengqesho. Le mithetho inceda ekulweni nokwahlulwa koqoqosho nokunwetshwa kwamathuba ezindlu.
Imbali Yezaphuli - mthetho Nokubuyiselwa Kwayo Kwindawo Entle
Ngaphandle kokuvalwa kwebhokisi eqeshweyo, abanye oorhulumente basekuhlaleni bathetha ngokucalucalulo olusekelwe kwimbali yolwaphulo - mthetho kwizindlu nakwezinye iimeko.
Imithetho engqinekeka ifanelekile yokufumana indawo yokuhlala ingasikelwa umda xa abanini-ndlu benokucinga ukuba ziziphi imbali zolwaphulo-mthetho, bafune ukuba umntu ngamnye athathe iziphumo ezifanelekileyo, okanye bathintele ukuqwalaselwa kweentlobo ezithile zeenkolelo. Le migaqo ilungelelanisa inkxalabo yokhuseleko esemthethweni nemfuneko yokunika abantu amathuba okuhlala aneengxelo zolwaphulo-mthetho.
Izenzo ezingcono zokhuseleko lwamalungelo asekuhlaleni
Uphando namava aye abonisa iindlela eziliqela ezibalaseleyo eziphucula imigudu yokukhusela amalungelo abantu basekuhlaleni.
Inkcitho engqinelanayo neGraad Covecage
Imithetho yasekuhlaleni ephumelelayo yamalungelo abantu inikela ingxelo ephangaleleyo ngemisebenzi, izindlu, iindawo zokuhlala zikawonke wonke nezinye iindawo.
Uhlolo oluthe rhoqo nokukhutshwa kwemithetho kuqinisekisa ukuba bahlala besazi ngokutshintsha indlela abacalucalulo ngayo kunye nengxubusho evelayo. Izityholo kufuneka zijonge inkqubela-phambili kwezinye iindawo nakumazwe nakumgangatho wesizwe nakurhulumente ukuchaza amathuba okomeleza ukhuseleko.
Oovimba Abaneleyo Nokusetyenziswa
Ukugcinwa kwamalungelo abantu ngokunempumelelo kufuna imali eyaneleyo kubasebenzi, uqeqesho, uphando neenkqubo zemfundo.
Amathuba ophuhliso olungoogqirha abasebenzi bamalungelo abantu anceda ekuqinisekiseni ukuba bayazi ngoku inkqubela engokwasemthethweni, ubuchule bokuphanda, kunye nezobugcisa ezifanelekileyo. Uqeqesho olukhethekileyo kwiindawo ezifana nokuvavanywa kwezindlu ngendlela efanelekileyo, uhlalutyo lwemisebenzi, nokucalucalulwa kwemisebenzi nokucingela abantu ngokufihlakeleyo kubenza basebenze kakuhle.
Unyanzelo olusebenzayo novavanyo
Kunokuba athembele kuphela kwizikhalazo, amaqumrhu alwela amalungelo abantu aqhuba imisebenzi egunyazisa uluntu efana nokuvavanya ukuba kukho ucalucalulo kwizindlu nasemsebenzini.
Uphando olungokwenkqubo oluhlolisisa iindlela noqheliselo localulo lungathetha ngokunempumelelo ngakumbi ukuphanda okusasazekileyo kunokuphanda nje komntu ngamnye. Olu phando lungahlasela amaziko athile, iindawo zelizwe elithile, okanye iintlobo zocalulo.
Uxanduva lwesalathisi
Unxulumano oluqinileyo nemibutho yasekuhlaleni, amaqela agunyazisa inzala, kunye nabemi abachaphazelekayo bandisa ukuphumelela komsebenzi wamalungelo abantu basekuhlaleni.
Iindawo zokuhlala eziqhelekileyo nokuphulaphula iintlanganiso zinika abemi amathuba okuthetha ngezinto ezixhalabisayo nokunceda ekuphuculeni amalungelo abantu. Ukufikelela kwiilwimi ezininzi kuqinisekisa ukuba abathethi abangeyosiNgesi bayakwazi ukufikelela kukhuseleko lwamalungelo abantu nokuthatha inxaxheba kwiinkqubo zokunyanzelisa.
Ukuqokelelwa kogcino-lwazi kunye nokubonakala ngaphaya
Ukuqokelela nokupapasha inkcazelo ngezikhalazo, uphando neziphumo zembali kukhuthaza ukuba kubekho ukubonakala nokuziphendulela.
Ingxelo ebhaliweyo engoovimba abathe bakhalaza nabaphendulayo isenokubonisa ukungacaluli kakuhle kwabacalucalulo nabafaka izikhalazo, bancede amasebe ajolise ekufumaneni ingeniso ephezulu kunye nemigudu yemfundo.
Ikamva Lokhuseleko Lwamalungelo Abantu Basekuhlaleni
Oorhulumente basekuhlaleni baya kuqhubeka besenza indima ebalulekileyo ekukhuseleni amalungelo abantu njengoko kuvela iingxaki ezintsha baze baqonde ukuba ucalucalulo luvela ngolu hlobo.
Ukwandisa Ukhuseleko Kwiimbambano Ezilandelayo
Njengoko indlela abantu abaluqonda ngayo ucalucalulo iyanda, oorhulumente basekuhlaleni baya kuqhubeka besongeza iindlela ezintsha zokukhuselwa nokuthetha ngeendlela zocalulo ebezingaziwa ngaphambili. Iingxoxo ezifana nenkcazelo yemfuza, inkcazo, nokufuduka zinokuqwalaselwa ngakumbi.
Ukutshintsha kwemozulu kunye nokuxhalabela imekobume kuqashelwa ngokukhulayo njengemibandela yamalungelo abantu, abantu abafumana intlawulo ephantsi kunye nabantu abafumana imibala eninzi abachaphazelekayo ngenxa yeengozi zemeko-bume. Oorhulumente basekuhlaleni banokuvelisa iindlela ezintsha zokulungisa inkcaso yemekobume baze baqinisekise ukuba ukufikelela okufanelekileyo kwiingenelo zemeko-bume.
Ubuxhakaxhaka kunye nokuhlaziywa
Ubugcisa bunika abantu iingxaki namathuba okuqinisekisa ukuba amalungelo abo asemthethweni asemthethweni.
Ubuchule bokwenza kunye nezixhobo zokufunda ngomatshini zinokuba luncedo ekuboneni iinkalo zocalucalulo kunye nezinto zokunyanzelisa abahlali. Kodwa ke, ezi zixhobo kufuneka zenziwe ngocoselelo ukuze zingaqhubeki zijongene nocalucalulo ezifuna ukulufikelela.
Ukuqinisa ukulungelelaniswa koburhulumente
Ukusetyenziswa kwemigaqo-nkqubo yasekuhlaleni, karhulumente nakurhulumente kunokwenza ukulungelelaniswa kwamalungelo abantu kusebenze kakuhle kwaye kuncitshiswe ukwenziwa kwemigudu. Ukwabelana ngenkcazelo, uphando, kunye nophuhliso lwenkqubo olulungelelanisiweyo lungaqinisa ukhuseleko lwamalungelo abantu kuwo onke amanqanaba.
Iindlela zommandla ezidibanisa imimandla emininzi yasekuhlaleni zisenokunceda ekucombululeni ucalucalulo olunqumla imida kamasipala luze luvumele amagunya amancinane aqokelele ubuncwane ukuze kusetyenziswe umthetho.
Ukuthabatha Inyathelo: Isixhobo Sommi
Abemi abafuna ukuxhasa amalungelo abantu abahlala nabo banokwenza umahluko.
Wazi Amalungelo Neembopheleleko Zakho
Ukuqonda ukukhuselwa kwamalungelo abantu basekuhlaleni linyathelo lokuqala lokuwanyanzelisa. Abahlali kufuneka baziqhelanise nemithetho yabo yasekuhlaleni, bakhuseleke, bafake neenkqubo zokukhalaza.
Amashishini, abanini-ndlu nabaqeshi kufuneka baqinisekise ukuba bayayiqonda imisebenzi yabo phantsi kwemithetho yamalungelo abantu, ukuzalisekisa iinkqubo kunye noqeqesho lokuthintela ucalucalulo. Ukuthobela imicimbi yempatho kusebenza kwaye akubizi mali ingako kunokuphendula kwizikhalazo nakumsebenzi wokunyanzelisa.
Uxwebhu kunye nengxelo yocalulo
Xa kuvela ucalucalulo, ukubhala esi siganeko ngemihla, amaxesha, amangqina neenkcukacha ezithile kunokwenza kube luncedo ngakumbi ekuphengululeni ii-imeyili, imiyalezo, izibhengezo nezinye izinto.
Ukuba umntu akafuni kuqhubeka ekhalaza ngokusemthethweni, ukunikela ingxelo yezenzo zocalucalulo kunceda amaqumrhu aqonde indlela abaza kusebenza ngayo abantu.
Ukuxhasa Urhulumente Wasekuhlaleni
Ukuya kwiintlanganiso zebhunga lesixeko, ukuqhagamshelana namagosa anyuliweyo, nokuba nenxaxheba ekuchotshelweni kwetyala elingokwamalungelo abantu kunceda ekuqinisekiseni ukuba le mibandela ihlala ibalulekile kurhulumente wasekuhlaleni. Amagosa akhathalelweyo asabela kwigalelo eliqulunqwe liquzelela, nto leyo eyenza ukuganana kwabemi kubaluleke ekulondolozeni amalungelo asekuhlaleni anamandla.
Ukusetyenziswa konyulo lwasekuhlaleni kunye nokuxhaswa kwabo babeka amalungelo asekuhlaleni kwindawo yokuqala kunceda kuqinisekise ukuba oorhulumente basekuhlaleni bahlala bebophelelekile ekulinganani nasekugwetyweni.
Inkxaso yamalungelo asekuhlaleni
Imibutho yasekuhlaleni namazwe alwela amalungelo abantu ixhomekeke kwiminikelo, kumatsha - ntliziyo nakumalungu ayo ukuze ixhase le mibutho ngeminikelo yemali, ngexesha lokuzithandela, okanye ngamalungu inceda ekwakheni amalungelo oluntu nokunyanzelisa.
Ukuthabatha inxaxheba kwimisebenzi enxulumene namalungelo abantu enjengokuvavanywa kwezindlu ezifanelekileyo, imfundo yoluntu, okanye amaphulo okulawula abantu kunika amathuba okukhuthaza ukulingana kwebutho lenu.
Ukukhuthaza Ukudibana Kwingqukuva Yakho Yempembelelo
Izenzo zomntu ngamnye zokukhuthaza ukufakwa nokucel ’ umngeni ucalucalulo kwiindawo zemisebenzi, kwiindawo ezikuzo, nakumacandelo asekuhlaleni zinegalelo ekutshintsheni kwenkcubeko. Ukuthetha xa unikela ubungqina ngocalucalulo, ukuxhasa imigaqo epheleleyo kwiintlangano ohlala kuzo, nokuhlolisisa iimbono zakho ezixhasa amalungelo abantu.
Ukuzifundisa ngamava amaqela aphantsi nokuphulaphula iimbono zawo kubangela ukuba uqonde yaye ube novelwano olunokukwazisa ukuphumelela ngakumbi kokufunda, ukuya kwiziganeko zenkcubeko, nokuba nenxaxheba kwiincoko ezinzima ngocalucalulo nokungalingani kuyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yomsebenzi wamalungelo abantu.
Oovimba bolwazi oluthe vetshe
Kukho oovimba abaninzi kubemi abafuna ukufunda okungakumbi ngokukhusela amalungelo abantu basekuhlaleni baze babandakanyeke kwimigudu yokurhwebelana.
Oovimba bakarhulumente
ISebe leSizwe leSizwe samaLungelo e-U.S. linika inkcazelo malunga nemithetho yesizwe elawula amalungelo abantu kunye nokugcinwa komthetho wamalungelo abantu ehttps [//wwww.ggg.gov/crt. Le webhsayithi iquka oovimba bokuzifunela izikhalazo, ukuqonda amalungelo akho, nokufunda ngokugcinwa kwamalungelo abantu.
ISebe leZindlwana noPhuhliso lwe-U.S. linika oovimba bezindlu abafanelekileyo kunye nokukhalaza kwengxelo eqokeleliweyo kwi- http://www.hud.gov/fairhouing[. I-HID isebenza namaziko asekuhlaleni asesikweni ezindlu ukunyanzelisa imithetho yokuhlala.
Amaziko alwela amalungelo abantu karhulumente anikela inkcazelo malunga nokukhuselwa komgangatho karhulumente nokunyanzeliswa komgangatho wesizwe. Amazwe amaninzi aye anikezela ngamalungelo abantu okanye amasebe alwela amalungelo abantu aphanda izikhalazo zocalucalulo nokunyanzelisa imithetho karhulumente.
Imibutho yobusela
INational Fair House Alliance e[FLT] hottps://i-partivalhouis.org ibonelela ngoovimba kwimicimbi yezindlu ezifanelekileyo kwaye idibanisa abantu nemibutho elungileyo yeendawo zokuhlala. Intlangano yenza uphando, abameli beenguqu zenkqubo, kwaye ixhasa imigudu yokunyanzelisa asekuhlaleni.
I-American Liberties Union inikela ulwazi ngamalungelo abantu kunye nemibandela yenkululeko yabemi e- http://www.aclu.org. Urhulumente kunye noluntu oluhlalayo lusebenza kwimicimbi yamalungelo abantu kulo lonke ilizwe.
INgqungquthela yaMalungelo aMasipala nawabantu e isebenza njengeqela lemibutho yamalungelo abantu esebenza kuludwe olubanzi lwemibandela. Le ntlangano inika uhlalutyo lwenkqubo, ugcino-lwazi lwezemali, kunye nolwazi olumalunga nophuhliso lwamalungelo abantu.
Oovimba bangaphakathi
Izixeko ezininzi kunye neendawo ezinamalungelo abantu zigcina ii-website ezinenkcazelo emalunga nokhuseleko lwasekuhlaleni, iinkqubo zokukhalaza, kunye nezibonelelo zemfundo. Ukukhangela isixeko sakho okanye iphondo lakho kuquka "amalungelo abantu," okanye "izindlu zokuhlala" ziza kufumana isebe lasekuhlaleni elifanelekileyo.
Iintlanganiso ze-ofisi zasekuhlaleni zisoloko zinika igqwetha iinkonzo zobugcisa kwaye zinganikela uncedo olusemthethweni kumatyala alwela amalungelo abantu.
Imibutho yoluntu ejolise kwimiba ethile yabemi okanye kwimibandela edla ngokunika inkxaso enxulumene namalungelo abantu. Ezi zinto zisenokuquka imibutho enceda abantu abavela kwamanye amazwe, abantu abakhubazekileyo, okanye amanye amaqela.
Isiphelo
Ngomthetho wesizwe nowesizwe, ngokumisela imithetho yasekuhlaleni, ngokusetyenziswa kwamaqumrhu alwela amalungelo abantu, nangokuphuhlisa iinkqubo zoluntu, oorhulumente basekuhlaleni basebenza ukuqinisekisa ukuba bonke abantu baphathwa ngendlela efanayo.
Ukuphumelela kokhuseleko lwamalungelo abantu basekuhlaleni kuxhomekeke kwimithombo eyaneleyo, kwimigaqo ebanzi, ekunyanzelweni komthetho, nasekuxhaseni uluntu.
Njengoko kuvela iindlela ezintsha zocalucalulo nokuqonda amalungelo abantu, oorhulumente basekuhlaleni baya kuqhubeka bezama ukuhlangabezana neengxaki ezintsha. Umsebenzi oqhubekayo wokukhusela amalungelo abantu kufuneka ugcinwe ngamagosa karhulumente, iingcali zamalungelo abantu, abameli nabaququzeleli besebenza kunye ukuze kwakhiwe abantu abanobulungisa nabangenatyala.
Ngokuqonda indlela oorhulumente basekuhlaleni abawaxhasa ngayo amalungelo abantu nabanenxaxheba ngokukhutheleyo kwezi nkqubo, abemi banokuqinisekisa ukuba idinga lokuphathwa ngokulinganayo phantsi komthetho liyinto yokwenene kuwo onke amalungu ebutho labo. Ukukhuselwa kwamalungelo abantu akuyombopheleleko karhulumente kuphela, kusisibopho esidibeneyo esifuna ukuthenjiswa nokuphaphanyiswa kwawo onke amalungu ebutho labantu.