Ukwazisa

Umthetho wase-Ireland uzenzele igama njengenye yeziseko zobuchule zokulondoloza ugcino-lwazi lobuqu kwi-European Union, ingakumbi kubemi abasengozini. Amaqela anjengabantwana, abakhulileyo, abantu abakhubazekileyo, nabo bakwizikhundla zingokwemvelo zisengozini ephezulu yokuxhatshazwa kogcino-lwazi, ubukho, okanye ubusela obudipozi. Ukudityaniswa kogcino-lwazi oluphezulu [[FLT:] oluqhelekileyo] uKhuselo lwezokhuseleko lwe-Rekhothamo (GPR) kunye nomthetho we-Irlandlands [[FLT:] I-Data Act 2018 Ukhuseleko lokhuseleko lwe-projectivess, ukulungiselela iimfuno zolawulo, nokufuna iimfanelo zabantu, ukulungiselela iimfanelo zabantu, nokuzilungisa i-ogrogriths. Eli nqaku lihlola indlela yomthetho wase-Irish, i-Arish, i-Actives, i-aftiverison, i-arts, kunye nokuzimos.

ISiseko esisemthethweni: UMthetho weData woKhuselo 2018 neGDPR

Ukhuseleko logcino-lwazi lwe-Ireland luyilwe kakhulu zizixhobo ezimbini. I-GDPR ye-EU, eyaqalisa ukusebenza ngo-Meyi 2018, imisela i-menu ephezulu, echanisiweyo kwi-Atlantian Data Protection Act 2018. I-I Irish Teact yokhuselo lwe-GDPR idibanisa i-GDPR ngokudibanisa ulwahlulo lwamazwe. Lo mthetho uchaza i-[FLD:0] IKhomishini yokuKhusela i-DPC njengegunya elizimeleyo kwaye linika amandla amakhulu ukuphengulula, ukunyanisa, kwaye ufaka imali entle ukuya kwizigidi ezingama-1020 okanye 4% zojikelezo zomhlaba wonke, engaphezulu.

Imigaqo engundoqo phantsi kweGDPR , uphakamiso-magama, ukubonakala ngaphaya, umlinganiselo wenjongo, ukuncitshiswa kogcino-lwazi, ukuchanabeka, ukugcinwa, ukuthembeka, nokuphendula ngokuziphendulela (ukusetyenziswa kwayo yonke i-data). Noko ke, kusetyenziswa kwale migaqo kuyakhula. Umzekelo, ukubonakala okucacileyo makudluliselwe kwiifomati ezifikelelekayo kubantu abanokungakwazi ukufikelela okanye ukuvaleka, kwaye kufuneka uvume ukuba waziswe ngokunyanisekileyo kwaye unikwe ngokukhululekileyo, nto leyo engenakukwazi ukuyenza kwabo babuthathaka.

I-Datal Protection Act yaseIreland ikwachaza amalungiselelo awongezelelekileyo angagutyungelwanga ngokucacileyo yi-GDPR, njengemithetho engqalileyo yokulungiselelwa kwenkcazelo yobuqu yentatheli, yemfundo, yobugcisa okanye yobugcisa, kunye norhulumente onikezelweyo wokwenza ugcino-lwazi lobuqu ngokomo wempangelo. Oku kubangela ukuba amaqela abuthathaka, lo mthetho uvelisa iindidi ezikhethekileyo zenkcazelo enolawulo olungqongqo, ingakumbi malunga nabantwana kunye nempilo.

Ukuchaza Abemi Abaneenkcubeko Kumthetho WaseIreland

Ngeli xesha umthetho wase-Ireland unganikeli luhlu olunye olupheleleyo “lweminye imibutho elawulayo,” ukhokelo oluvela kwiDPC nakwamanye amaqumrhu alawulayo luchaza amaqela afuna ukhuseleko oluthe kratya ngenxa yokungalingani kwamandla angokwemvelo okanye ukuncitshiswa kobuchule bokukhusela ugcino-lwazi lwawo. Ezi ziquka:

  • Abantwana nabafikisayo: Abantu abangaphantsi ko18 bathathwa bengenako ukuqonda iziphumo zokwabelana ngogcino-lwazi. I-GDPR icwangcisa ixesha lamanani lokuvumelana e-Ireland nge-116 (Amalungu anokuyihlisa ibe ngu-13; i-Ireland ikhethelwe i-16.
  • Abantu abakhulileyo: basoloko bejoliswe kuqhatha, ukurhwebelana ngomnxeba, kunye nokubolekisa ngentengo. Ukuhla kwesehlo okanye ukungabikho komntu ozakhela umgangatho kunokwenza babe sengozini yokusebenzisana.
  • Iimpahla ezinokusetyenziswa ngokoqobo, izimvo, okanye ukungasebenzi kakuhle kolwazi: zingafuna ezinye iindlela zonxibelelwano kwaye zisemngciphekweni omkhulu wokungahoywa okanye ukusetyenziswa kakubi kobugcisa obuncedisayo.
  • Amakhaya anyamekela abaguli, izibhedlele zengqondo, kunye neendawo zokunyamekela abahlali zidala imeko-bume apho kungavunyelwa ngokukhululekileyo ukuba kunikelwe ukuxhomekeka kwabasebenzi okanye kwentsapho.
  • Abathathi-nxaxheba, abafuni bekhusi nabafuduki: Ugcino-lwazi lwabo lobuqu lusoloko luquka ulwazi olunovakalelo olungobume bomthetho, impilo, kunye nemeko yentsapho, lubenza babe ngamaxhoba okuxhatshazwa okanye ucalulo.
  • [[UMTL: 0] I-Victim zokuxhatshazwa kwasekhaya okanye ukuhlasela: Kufuneka ulawulo olungqongqo kwidilesi kunye neenkcukacha zoqhakamshelwano ukunqanda umonakalo othe waphindiweyo.

Iinkundla zase-Irish kunye ne-DPC ziye zaqonda ngokuqhubekayo ukuba amanyathelo okukhusela ugcino-lwazi kufuneka avisisaniswe neemeko zomntu ngamnye obuthathaka, alungelelanise imfuneko yokubonelela ngeenkonzo (njengendlela yokunyamekela impilo okanye intlalo-ntle) nelungelo lokufumana indawo yobuqu nokhuseleko logcino-lwazi.

Izikhuseli ezikhethekileyo zamaqela anokugqunywa

Imvume kunye nokuLungela

Ngaphantsi komthetho wase-Ireland, imvume kufuneka ibe “yimbonakaliso ecacileyo, ecacileyo, ecacileyo yeminqweno yogcino-lwazi.” Kubantu ababuthathaka, le mfuneko isebenza ngamandla. Xa umntu eswele amandla engqondo okwamkela (ngomzekelo, ngenxa yesifo sokungaqondani, ukungakwazi ukusebenza kakuhle kwengqondo, okanye ukungazinzi kwexeshana/ukusebenza kwexeshana kuphela okungaqhubekeki phantsi kwesinye isiseko esisemthethweni, esifana nemfuno ebalulekileyo ([.g, ukusindisa ubomi babo []]) okanye izilangazelelo ezisemthethweni, kodwa ezithi zithintelwe ngokupheleleyo. Isigqibo sokwenza i-Angced conged quence (igties) senziwe ngo- 2015, esisebenza ngomthetho wokhuseleko, omele wenze izigqibo ngogcino-lwazi olufanelekileyo, olufanelekileyo olubandakanya nezilangazelelo-o-o-ocertnertiftif.

Abantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka eli-16, bayavuma ukuba iinkonzo zebutho labantu (umz., ijelo leenkqubo zoluntu, iinkqubo zongcakaza) kufuneka zinikwe okanye zigunyaziswe ngumzali okanye umgcini-mthetho. Umthetho wase-Ireland uhambela phambili ngokufuna ukuba iinkampani zenze imigudu esengqiqweni ukuqinisekisa ubudala nokufumana imvume yabazali, isohlwayo esintlukwano esingakhuthaziyo. I-DPC ikhuphe ukhokelo olukhethekileyo ekuqinisekiseni iminyaka yobudala nokusetyenziswa kwenkqubo yokuvumelana kwamanani.

Impembelelo yokhuselo logcino-lwazi (DPIAS)

Phantsi kweGDPR yama-35, i-PIA inyanzelekile xa inkqubo isenokuphumela kwingozi enkulu yamalungelo nenkululeko yabantu. Umthetho wase-Ireland ufuna i-DPI ngokucacileyo nayiphi na indlela yokulungisa ebandakanya abantu abasengozini ngomlinganiselo omkhulu. Oku kuquka:

  • Uhlolo oluphathekayo lokuziphatha kwabantwana kwi-intanethi ( e.g., kumaqonga emfundo)
  • Ukunyeliswa kwabantu abakhulileyo ngee-inshorensi okanye
  • Ukuququzelelwa kwenkcazelo yempilo kwizigulana ezineengxaki ezingapheliyo
  • Ukusetyenziswa kwe-biometric okanye indawo yogcino-lwazi kubemi abahlala kumakhaya

I-A DPI kufuneka ibhale uxwebhu lwendalo, ububanzi, umongo, kunye neenjongo zokulungiselela, ukuvavanya imfuneko kunye nokulungelelana, kunye nolwamkelo lokunciphisa iingozi. Iintlangano ezisilelayo ukuqhuba i-PICA xa kufuneka uhlolo lobukho kunye nentembelo enokwenzeka.

Ugcino-lwazi lodidi olukhethekileyo

IGDPR ichaza ulwazi olubonisa imvelaphi yobuhlanga okanye yobuzwe, iimbono zezobupolitika, iinkolelo zonqulo okanye zentanda-bulumko, ubulungu borhwebo, ugcino-lwazi lwemfuza, i-biometric short yokwahlula, i-data yempilo, kunye nogcino-lwazi oluphathelele ubomi besondo okanye indlela yokuziphatha ngokwesini njenge- “data ekhethekileyo yodidi oluthile.” Abemi abanokuchaphazeleka basoloko bevelisa idata enjalo (ngomzekelo, iingxelo zezempilo zabantu abakhubazekileyo, iimfuno zenkcubeko yabantu abadala, ulwazi lwezenkxalabo yabantu abadala, okanye ulwazi lwendlela yesondo ye-LGBTQ+ abafuni bekhusi. Ukulungiselela le nkcazelo i-data inqabileyo ngaphandle kokuba kuhlanganwe, iimfuno zomthetho ezicacileyo, izilangazelelo-msebenzi ezibalulekileyo, okanye umdla omkhulu kawonke-wonke-wonke-wonke. Umthetho wase-Ireland, usebenzisa uMthetho-Act 2018, uklk, ukongezelela iimeko zokulungisa ulwazi olukhethekileyo, kuquka ukulungiselela ukulungiselela ukulungiselela i-data, i-E-E-modurac

Indima yeKhomishini yoKhuselo loGama (DPC)

I-DPC ingunobangela ophambili wamalungelo okhuseleko logcino-lwazi eIreland. Lineqela elizinikeleyo elisingatha izikhalazo ezivela kubantu ababuthathaka kwaye liye lanikela ukhokelo olungqalileyo ekusingatheni iimfuno zabantwana, abakhulileyo, nabantu abaneziphene. Amandla alo okuqinisekisa ukuba izinto zihamba kakuhle

  • Izikhalazo eziqulunqwe yimiba yenkcazelo okanye abameli babo
  • Ukuqhuba ii-asethi ze-asethi kwimiba yenkqubo
  • Ukukhalimela, izilumkiso, imiyalelo yokuthobela, nokuvalwa komsebenzi okwexeshana okanye osisigxina
  • Ukunika iimali zolawulo

Izenzo ezicacileyo ze-DPC ezinxulumene nabemi abasengozini ziquka ukunyanzeliswa komthetho kwiinkampani ezingakwaziyo ukuvelisa iindlela zobungqina ezaneleyo zobudala obufanelekileyo, nto leyo ekhokelela ekubeni inkcazelo yabantwana isetyenziswe ngokungekho mthethweni. I-DPC ikwakho nezohlwayo ezibonelela ngezonyango ezifumana inkxaso-mali ezingelulo olukhokelela ekuchaphazelweni kweengxelo zempilo yengqondo zabaguli. Kwimeko nganye, ukuchanabeka kwabantu abachaphazelekayo kwakujongwa njengonobangela okokugqibela, nto leyo ekhokelela kwintelekelelo ephezulu nakumanyathelo okunyanzelisayo.

I-DPC ikwanikezela ngoovimba abafana nezikhokelo zolwimi olulula, iifomu zokukhalaza kwifomati ezininzi (kuquka amaphepha amakhulu kunye nofundo olulula), kunye noncedo olunikezelweyo lwemibuzo evela kwimiba yogcino-lwazi olusecicini.

Imisebenzi Esebenzisekayo Yolungiselelo

Nayiphi na intlangano esebenza eIreland echaza iinkcukacha zabantu abasengozini kufuneka bamkele iindlela ezomeleleyo. Iimfuno ezingundoqo ziquka:

  • [[NTL: 0] Intelekelelo kwifomati efikelelekayo: Izaziso zemfihlo kufuneka zinikezelwe ngolwimi nangendlela efanelekileyo kubaphulaphuli. Kubantwana, oku kuthetha ukusebenzisa uncedo lwentelekelelo, imifanekiso engumqondiso, kunye namagama alungele ubudala. Kubantu abakhulileyo, iifonti ezinkulu nokuphepha i-dibedgon.
  • [[UMTL:0] Amanyathelo okhuseleko athe ngqo: ukukhowuda, ulawulo lokufikelela, kunye nogcino-lwazi lokhuseleko oluthe rhoqo azinakufumaneka, ingakumbi kugcino-lwazi olukhethekileyo lodidi.
  • Igosa lokhuselo logcino-lwazi: iMandari yabaphathi boluntu kwakunye nayo nayiphi na imibutho eqhuba imilinganiselo emikhulu yokulungiselela ugcino-lwazi olukhethekileyo lodidi okanye ukuhlolwa okucwangcisiweyo kwamaqela angakhuselekanga.
  • [[FLT: 0] Isaziso sokwaphuka kwesandi: Ii-Bropects ezichaphazela abantu ababuthathaka kufuneka zichazwe kwi-DPC kwiiyure ezingama-72. Ukuba uqhawulo lungaphumela kumngcipheko omkhulu kubantu ngabanye, abo bantu (okanye abagcini) mabaphinde baziswe ngaphandle kokulibazisa okungeyo okungeyomfuneko.
  • [[UMTL:0] Ukuqeqesha nokuqonda: abasebenzisana nabantu ababuthathaka kufuneka baqonde indlela yokuqokelela ugcino-lwazi ngokusemthethweni, indlela yokubona ukunyanzeliswa, nendlela yokwandisa inkxalabo.
  • [[Ukwehla: 0] Ukunciphisa ubalo kunye nocwangciso lwenkumbulo: kuphela ugcino-lwazi olufunekayo lufanele luqokelelwe, kwaye kufuneka lucinywe xa kungasafuneki. Oku kuthintela ukuqokelelwa kwelifa elilifa elinokusetyenziswa ngokugqithileyo.

Iqumrhu kufuneka liqhube uhlolo oluthe rhoqo lwemisebenzi yalo yokulungisa ngophicotho-zincwadi ne DPI, kwaye liqinisekise ukuba izivumelwano ezinamalungu esithathu ziquka amacandelo acacileyo okukhusela imibandela yogcino-lwazi olusemngciphekweni.

Uhlolisiso lwetyala nemizekelo

Isifundo seMali soNyanga soHlanganiso lweMali yeMyuziyam

Ikhaya lokunyamekela abantu eDublin lasungula inkqubo yokuhlola i-biometric esebenzisa ubuchule bokuhlola ubuso bengingqi kunye neqela eliphaphileyo ukuba liwe. I-APIA yaqhutywa, nto leyo eyabonisa ukuba abantu abaninzi abahlala apho abanaso isiphiwo sokuvuma. IDPC yacebisa ukuba isiseko esisemthethweni asiyi kuvuma kodwa imibandela ebalulekileyo okanye imidlalo esemthethweni, ngokubhekiselele ekuqaliseni iinkqubo ezingqongqo zokhetho kubemi abanobuchule nokubuzana neentsapho okanye abameli abasemthethweni kwabo bangaphandle. Ikhaya kwakufuneka lisebenzise ukulungiselela ukulungiselela idata ekhonziweyo kwaye ligcinelwe iintsuku ezingama-30, nokufumana imvume eqhubekayo kwikomiti yemigaqo yokuziphatha yasekuhlaleni.

Isifundo se-Case: Ujongo lwabantwana lweNkqubo yemfundo

Iqonga elidumileyo lokufunda elisetyenziswa kwizikolo eziphambili zase-Ireland lafunyaniswa liqokelela ugcino-lwazi lokuziphatha, kuquka ukuqokolelwa kwelizwi kunye nokuhamba-hamba kwemawum, “ukuqinisekisa ukuba uqeqesho lomntu ngamnye.” I-DPC yaphanda emva kwezikhalazo zabazali. Le nkqubo ayizange ifumane imvume yabazali efunekayo kubantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka eli-16, kwaye isaziso sayo sangasese sabhalwa ngesiNgesi esintsonkothileyo. I-DPC yakhupha i-R1200,000-200,000 yayalela ukuba isuse yonke idata eqokelelwe ngokungekho mthethweni kwaye ikhuphe icebo lokuzibophelele elinokwasemthethweni.

Ufundo logcino-lwazi: uqukuqelo logcino-lwazi kwiKliniki yempilo yeNkcubeko yeNkcubeko

Ukwaphuka komnikezeli wenkonzo yezempilo yengqondo ebhenca iingxelo zomguli eziquka uhlolo, amaphetshana, kunye neenkcukacha zonxibelelwano. I-DPC yafumanisa ukuba ikliniki inemigaqo-gama engafanelekanga, ayinaziqinisekiso ezininzi, kwaye akukho kuvulwa kwemiqathango kwizixhobo eziphathekayo. Ukunganyaniseki kwezigulana ./ezininzi zazo zaziphantsi kwenkathalo yengqondo kwaye zihlala kwindawo exhaswayo. Ikliniki yahlawulwa ngokufanelekileyo i-R1.2-zigidi kwaye kwafuneka ukuba kusetyenziswe ukhuseleko olupheleleyo, zinike ingqwalasela yokuthenga ityala kubantu ngabanye, kwaye ziqhuba i-DIS efunekayo ukuze zonke izinto ziqhubekeke.

Ukuthelekiswa Namanye Amazwe AseYurophu

Indlela yokungena kwe-Ireland ihambelana kakhulu namanye amalungu e-EU Amalungu e-UR, kodwa kukho umahluko othile wesizwe. Umzekelo, i-UK (ngoku engaphandle kwe-EU) inexesha elincinci lokuvumelana kwamanani (13), kanti i-Ireland yeminyaka eli-16 iphakathi kweyona iphakamileyo. IKhomishinala ye-Frederal for Data Develoption Atcitement ikhuphe iikhowudi ezithile zokuziphatha kwamakhaya asebe nabahlelisiweyo, ezisakhulayo i-URLAND. I-DPC isoloko ikhangela kwi-European Tech Provity Board (EDPB) ekhusela i-ekhomple, kodwa umthetho wase-Ireland udibanisa iGDR ne-AR ngokungaqhelekanga amalungiselelo acacileyo oMphathiswanolwazi olukhethekileyo kwimiqatha kunye nezivumelwano ze-Active-Active. Oku kunika i-Rriternethi engundoqo kakhulu ukukhusela abo basebenzi.

Uphuhliso Lwexesha Elizayo

Njengoko ubugcisa buhambela phambili, kuvela izinto ezintsha ezinokusetyenziswa. I-DPC ihlola ngokukhutheleyo ukusetyenziswa kobuchule bokwenziwa kovavanyo lwezempilo, ukwenza izigqibo ezizenzekelayo kwintlalo-ntle yoluntu, kunye nokuqokelelwa kogcino-lwazi lwe-biometric ezikolweni. UMthetho ocetyisiweyo we-EUU data kunye noBuntlola bobuntlola buza kuchaphazela ngakumbi indlela abantu abakhuseleke ngayo. I-Ireland ikwajongene nokuncitshiswa koMthetho wokhuseleko logcino-lwazi ukwenzela ukomeleza abantwana kwimekobume yamanani, kuquka nemithetho enokwenzeka yokwenza izinto efana nemithetho elungeleleneyo yoDPC. Ngokubhekele phandle, ibonise ukuba iza kuqwalaselwa kwiqonga elikwimigangatho elilungele abasebenzisi bezorhwebo.

Imibutho kufuneka ihlale ilungelelanise ukhokelo olujikelezayo olusuka kwiDPC kunye neEDPB. Ukusetyenziswa komzi womntu ngamnye ngokusemthethweni nangokungagqibekiyo, ngokujoliswe kumaqela abuthathaka, kuza kunciphisa umngcipheko osemthethweni kwaye kwakhe ukuthembana ngabasebenzisi benkonzo.

Isiphelo

Umthetho wase-Ireland unika ummiselo obanzi, ogqunyiweyo wokukhusela ulwazi lomntu ngamnye wabemi abasengozini. Ngokudibanisa imigaqo eyomeleleyo ye-GDPR kunye nokuphuhliswa kwesizwe kuMthetho we-Data Development 2018, ukunyanzeliswa komthetho owenziweyo nge-DPC, kunye nokusebenzisana nomthetho olawula amandla, i-Ireland imisela imigangatho ephakamileyo yokukhusela eyona ndawo yabemi abahlala abantu abasengozini. I-Ireland imisela imigangatho ephakamileyo yokukhusela ibutho labantu abahlala besengozini. I-data, i-agcipozi: ukuphatha ugcino-lwazi lobuqu lwamaqela abuthathaka kufuneka uthotyele inkqele, ukukhuselwa, ukukhuselwa nokuhlala komthetho we-Irish ophezulu. Ukungaphumeleli ukwenza oko kukungathwali kwezonobangela ukukhuselwa kwe-tekn

[[[FLT: 0] ukuya kufunda ngokubhekele phaya, jonga i Ukhuseleko lwe-DAT Act 2018 ([[FLT:]]] iSibonelelo sencwadi yeSibhalo[[[FLT:]]] [[FLT:]]]), [[FLT]] [FLT] [FPP]] [[FLTP]] [IziKTP] [[1] Isikhokelo sabantwana [[1],[1] [FLT] [5] [iiiiiicebiso lokhuseleko] [FFFFT] [FLT] [5]] [5]