Isandla Esifihlakeleyo SeHolo Yesixeko Esisemgceni Wakho

Bambalwa abantu abaqonda ukuba itshizi ekwinkqubo yabo yokutya i-pizza, i-kale kwisaladi yabo, okanye inkuku kwi-fluery yayo ibunjwe zisigqibo esenziwe kungengombutho karhulumente okude, kodwa ngamagosa kwisakhiwo okanye iholo yedolophu yabo. Oorhulumente bendawo bangabenzi bokwakha abangaqeqeshiyo benkqubo yokutya. Bagqiba ukuba imafama angasebenza kufutshane neendawo zawo zokutyela, ukuba iivenkile zokutyela zihlolwa, nokuba iloritha yokutya ingahlala ebhungini, kwaye nokuba isitiya soluntu sinokuba sihlala kwifama yoluntu kwifama engenanto. Kuba abafundi abafunda inkqubo yoluntu nokufundisa ukubhalisa isombutho woluntu, ukuqonda ezi zizinto zokuphatha amandla oluntu. Eli nqaku likhupha iindlela zemali ezipheleleyo kurhulumente wasekuhlaleni, ukusuka kwifamafama, kwaye banika ukuqonda okokubandakanyelwayo.

Ulawulo Olubanzi Lokutya

Oorhulumente basekuhlaleni eUnited States − enoba kukwingingqi, kwisixeko, okanye kumgangatho welokishi — ukusebenza phantsi kwegunya elinikwe ngumthetho karhulumente. Impembelelo yabo yokutya ithe ngqo kwaye ayingqalanga. Izenzo ezithe ngqo ziquka ukubhala ikhowudi yempilo kunye nokukhupha imvume. Izenzo ezingangqalanga zibandakanya ucwangciso-mhlaba, inkcukumiso yezoqoqosho, kunye namaphulo karhulumente kawonke-wonke. Ngokungafaniyo norhulumente wengingqi, omisela imilinganiselo yokhuseleko olusisiseko kunye neenkqubo zemali zokuxhasa ukutya okusemgangathweni (njenge-SNAP), iinkqubo zoorhulumente basekuhlaleni ezilungisa imigaqo-nkqubo engoonontlalo-ntle, imimandla ekhethekileyo, indalo, kunye nezinto eziphambili kuluntu.

Ummandla ongundoqo womgaqo-nkqubo

Imimandla ephambili apho oorhulumente basekuhlaleni banempembelelo yokutya iquka:

  • Impilo entle kunye nokhuseleko: Uhlolo olugqithisileyo, ukhangelo lokugula okubangelwa kukutya, kunye nomphathi wokutya onika isiqinisekiso sokunika ubungqina.
  • [[UMTL:0] Ukulima kunye nokusetyenziswa komhlaba: Ukuzifunela ukulima, imfuyo, kunye nezixhobo zokulungisa; irhafu yokulondoloza umhlaba.
  • Inkqubela-phambili yezoqoqosho: iminikelo kunye nemali-mboleko yamashishini okutya asekuhlaleni, izibonelelo zemarike zabalimi, kunye neziko lokutya.
  • [[UMTL: 0] Abaphathi-siseko: ukuqokelela imithetho, izikhuthazo zolimo zasedolophini, kunye nolawulo lwamanzi oqhwithela kwiifama.
  • [[FLT: 0] Ukulingana: uncedo lwezondlo, ungenelelo lokutya entlango, kunye neenkqubo zokutya kwesikolo.

Nganye kwezi ndawo ziquka urhwebo oluntsonkothileyo. Ibhunga lesixeko linokulinganisa umnqweno womnini wevenkile yokutyela wemimiselo embalwa ngesicelo somgunyaziso segosa lempilo kawonke-wonke sovavanyo olungqongqo. Ibhodi ecwangcisayo ingavavanya iinzuzo zezoqoqosho zevenkile entsha ethengisayo ngokuchasene noshenxiso lwendawo yobulali. Ezi zisigqibo esingubume bokutya.

Imithetho Yokhuseleko Lokutya: Ikhaka elingabonakaliyo

Xa utya kwisidlo okanye uthenga imveliso entsha kwi-engile yendlela, uthemba ukuba ukutya akuyi kukwenza ugule. Oko kuthemba kubhalwe phantsi ngamasebe ezonyango asekuhlaleni. La masebe agunyazisa i- FDA Food Code njengemvo yamkelekileyo ngurhulumente, kodwa kwakhona adibanisa izilungiso zobulali. Umzekelo, ezinye iirejista zifuna uqeqesho lokutya kwaminyaka le kubo bonke abasebenzi bevenkile, ngelixa abanye beyalela ukuba bathengi. Ezinye izixeko zivumela ukuthengiswa kobisi oluluhlaza phantsi kwemeko ezithile; abanye bavala ngokupheleleyo.

Ubuninzi bokuhlola kunye nokuBonakalisa ngaphaya

Enye yeenkalo eziphikisana kakhulu zokhuseleko lokutya kwasekuhlaleni kukuphinda-phinda. Ufundo oluvela ku- CDC[FLT: 1] lufumanise ukuba uhlolo lwendlela yokudla lunciphisa umngcipheko wokuqhambuka. Kodwa uqingqo-mali ludla ngokunyanzela amasebe ezempilo ukuba asasaze abahloli ababhityileyo. Ezinye izakhiwo zifake uhlolo olusekelwe kwimingcipheko yomngcipheko: uhlolo oluphezulu (umz., olusebenzisa ibhabhasbhasbhasphu ekrwayo) luhlolwa rhoqo kuneehbhithi elisezantsi (umz., izitore zokuthengisa izinto ezidityanisiweyo kuphela). Ngobuninzi, njenge Los Angeles kunye neNew York zifuna ukuthunyelwa koomatshini bokufumana iipaseji zemali okanye ukuqokelela ulwazi olukhawulezileyo, ukunika ulwazi kunye nokwenza impempesa enamandla.

Ukutya Okuhambayo Neziganeko Zokwexeshana

Iilori zokutya, abarhwebi bamafama, nabathengisi bemibhiyozo yokutya babekwa phantsi kwemithetho ethile yasekuhlaleni. Le mithetho igquma yonke into ukusuka kwizitishi zokuhlamba izandla ukuya kulahlwa. Kwizixeko ezininzi, abasebenzi beelori zokutya kufuneka bafumane imvume yokutya okuhambayo, badlulise itsheki yeplani, banikezele uhlo, baphinde bahlole ingamiselwanga. Kwakhona oorhulumente bamisela imithetho apho iilori zinokuhlala khona . Ngokufunyanisweni bayazinqabela ukuba zingabi zikwimitha ezingama-200 kwivenkile ne-motarstar resite. Le miqathango yendlela yokutya inokwenza okanye iphule ishishini lokutya okuhamba.

Ukuxhasa Impilo Yasekuhlaleni: Ukusuka ekulondolozweni ukuya ekukhuthazeni

Oorhulumente basekuhlaleni basebenzisa izixhobo ezahlukahlukeneyo ukuxhasa abalimi nokuqinisa iinkqubo zokutya zengingqi. Oku akupheleli nje ekuthi "thengani iindawo zasekuhlaleni". Oku kubandakanya izenzo ezicacileyo ezinceda amafama ahlale eshishina, ethenga kwiimarike, nakuqhelisela inkqubo esebenzayo.

Ugcino lwelizwe elifuywayo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwePricies

Ukubola kwemithi ye-Sunsterban yenye yezisongelo ezinkulu kwezolimo zasekuhlaleni. Ukulwa nazo, izikolo ezininzi zimisele iinkqubo zokulondolozwa kwefama. Ezi nkqubo zithenga amalungelo okuphuhliswa kwabalimi (ukuthotywa kwentlawulo elula), ukuqinisekisa umhlaba uhlala usetyenziswa ngokusisigxina. Umzekelo, iLancaster County, Pennsylvania, inenye yeenkqubo eziphumeleleyo kuhlanga, igcine iihektare ezimalunga ne-10 000 kwintlanganisela yephondo kunye nemali karhulumente. Ngokufanayo, ukucwangcisa amasebe anika irhafuthe enika irhafuthe kunye nokhuseleko kwimibango erhafu (umz.), xa ummelwane ekhala ngevumba yomgqumo.

Uncedo Lwemali Nokufumaneka

Oorhulumente abaninzi basekuhlaleni basebenzisa iinkqubo zokudibanisa iifama ezincinane neziphakathi. Ezi zingaxhasa ukuthengwa kwezixhobo, uphuculo, okanye iindleko ze-active. Ukongeza, izixeko ezifana nePortland, Oregon, kunye ne-Austin, Texas, zivelise inyathelo elidibanisa abavelisi-tab" nabasebenzi basekuhlaleni nabathengi . /Izibhedlele, izibhedlele, namaziko aphezulu. Ezi nkqubo azixhasi abalimi kuphela kodwa ziphucula nesondlo ngokufumana ukutya okutsha, ukutya kwasekuhlaleni kwikhefi.

Inkcitho yezolimo yasedolophini

Ulimo lwasezidolophini ludume kakhulu njengendlela yokwandisa ukufumaneka kokutya ezixekweni. Oorhulumente basekuhlaleni bahambela phambili kwimithetho evumela abemi ukuba bagcine iinyosi, iinkukhu, neebhokhwe, okanye balime amafama okulima amafama angenazingini. UDetroit, ngokomzekelo, unemithetho ebanzi yezolimo yasedolophini evumela ukufuya kwimimandla yengingqi ehlala kuyo kwaye ivumela ukuthengiswa kwemveliso kwimizila. Ezinye izixeko, ezinjengeSeattleattle, ziye zadala "P-Patches" — amasifaradi asekuhlaleni kwilizwe elimiweyo — kwaye zinika abalimi abalimi abalimi abalimi i-ma ne-manzi amanzi ngesisa.

Imithetho Ekhohlisayo: Abacebisi Bezinto Okhetha Ukutya

Imithetho yokulungisa isalathisi imisela ukuba yintoni enokwenziwa apho. Zinempembelelo enzulu kwilizwe lokutya: zigqiba ukuba ivenkile yevenkile ingakhiwa kummandla ofumana imali encinci, nokuba i-oyile iyakwazi ukuvuleka kummandla woshishino, okanye ukuba ivenkile yokutyela ekhawulezayo ivumelekile kufutshane nesikolo. Ezi zigqibo zenziwa ngokucwangcisa iikhomishini kunye namabhunga esixeko, ngokufuthi ngesixhobo soshishino sikawonke-wonke esincinane.

Iintlango Zokudla Neengenelo Zokuzingela

Ukutya okusentlango .Iimeko ezinokufumaneka kancinci kokutya okungabiziyo nokunesondlo, zisoloko zingumphumo wezenzo zembali zokuhlalisa. Ngokususa izitore zokutya kwimimandla yokuhlala okanye ukungaphumeleli ukwandisa ulwakhiwo lwabo, ngokungazi oorhulumente basekuhlaleni balinganisela ukhetho lokutya okusempilweni. Ezinye izixeko ngoku zisebenzisa i-horoni ukubuyisela oku. Umzekelo, [iizinto zokutya ezithengwayo] iPhiladelphia's encotsheni yemithetho yokutya [ ngoku ziquka ungenelo olusemgangathweni oluneyo" kwisithilishini evumela izitore zokutya kunye neemarikethi ezingaphantsi kwe-e. Abanye oomatshini baye bavala ukutya okutsha okutsha okunokutya okuninzi, okanye bafuna umlinganiselo omncinane wokutya okuneesahluzo.

Iinqwelo - mafutha Zokutya Nezorhwebo

Ukuzingela abarhwebi bezondlo-mfono-mfono abathengisa ukutya yingxaki eshushu kwizixeko ezininzi. Abangenisi beendawo zokutyela basoloko befumana imvume yokukhusela umgama ongqongqo wokukhusela ishishini labo, ngelixesha abaxhasi belori yokutya bezama ukukhuthaza oosomashishini babo. Abanye oorhulumente basekuhlaleni baye bathatha umlinganiselo ngokudala "iinqwelo-mafutha yokutyela esetyenziswayo" okanye "imimandla yentengiso esecaleni kwenqanawa" apho abathengisi abaninzi banokusebenza kunye. Le mimandla yommandla idla ngokuba neendawo zokuhlanganisa ezikhuliswe phantsi kwezithuba zikawonke-wonke.

Izityalo zoluntu neentengiso zabalimi: Ingcambu ye-grass ikhula

Ababini awona magqabaza abonakalayo enkqubo yokutya yasekuhlaleni yimiyezo yoluntu kunye neemarike zabalimi. Zombini zifuna inkxaso karhulumente wasekuhlaleni ukuze akhule/ukuphumelela (nokuba kuvela emhlabeni, kwimvume, okanye ngemali.

IMiyezo yoLuntu

Izitiya zoluntu zinika abahlali indawo yokulima ukutya, ukukhuthaza isondlo, ukulolonga, kunye nonxulumano lwentlalo. Oorhulumente basekuhlaleni bangenza ezi zitiya zifumaneke ngokulungiselela umhlaba kawonke-wonke, ngokunikela i-inshorensi yetyala, nokunika amanzi. KwisiXeko saseNew York, inkqubo yeLungu-Greentumb [[[FLT:]] ixhasa imiyezo yengingqi emalunga nama-500 kumaqashiso esixeko, ukulungiselela izinto, ukuqeqesha, kunye nomlawuli wesixeko. Izixeko ezininzi nazo zinenkqubo ezinika amaqela alungelela eenqanawa amalungelo exesha elide okuthoba, awakhusela ekuphuhlisweni.

Iintengiso zabalimi

Iimarike zabalimi zidla ngokuqaliswa ngamaqela oluntu, kodwa bafuna imvume nesiseko sikarhulumente wasekuhlaleni. Izixeko zinganciphisa imiqobo ngokunika abalimi abancinane irhafu yemvume, ngokunika abasebenzi abancinane ii-pareki zeposito ngesisa, okanye ngokufaka izikhuseli zentengiso ezisisigxina zemarike. Abanye oorhulumente basekuhlaleni bahambela phambili ngokusebenzisa iimarike zabo abalimi okanye ngokugunyazisa "abaphathi-mashishini" ukwamkela i-SNAP/EBT kunye ne-WICP procesterers, nto leyo ekwandisa ukufikelela kwabahlali bemi abafumana imali ephantsi. [[FLT:]] Abarhweba ngentelling baqikelela ukuba iimali ezichithwe kwintengiso zorhwebo zoshishino zorhwebo zobulali basekuhlaleni.

AmaBhunga Omgaqo-nkqubo Wokutya: Ukulungiselela Indlela Elungelelanisiweyo

Libhunga lenkqubo yokutya (FPC) liqela labaxhasi bezotya (FPC)./iifarmers, amagosa ezempilo kawonke-wonke, abameli abachasene ne-abungcungcutheki, abafundisi, kunye nabaninizo bezoshishino ) elicebisa urhulumente wasekuhlaleni ngemiba yokutya. IFPC yokuqala yasekwa eKnoxville, eTennessee, ngo1982. Namhlanje, kukho abangaphezulu kwama-300 ngaphaya koMntla Merika. La mabhunga awana anamandla omthetho, kodwa asebenzisa impembelelo ngophando, imiyalelo, kunye neeprojekthi zolawulo.

Indlela Asebenza Ngayo AmaBhunga Enkqubo Yokutya

I-FPC eqhelekileyo idibana nyanga zonke, iqhuba iintlanganiso zokuphulaphula kunye neentlanganiso zoluntu, kwaye ipapashe iingxelo. Iingcebiso eziqhelekileyo ziquka: ukuhlaziya indawo ukwenzela ukuba kubekho ubulimi basezidolophini, ukwenza "indawo yokutya" ukudibanisa ukusasazwa kwamafama amancinci, okanye ukuseka "iiibhulukhwe eziphindaphindiweyo" inkqubo elingana ne-SNAP kwiimarike zabalimi. Amanye amabhunga, njengeBhile ye-FLD Policy Count ye-[, ebeluncedo ekudluliseleni umthetho wokufumana ukutya kwisixeko jikelele. Abanye, njengeSis Angeles Food Coliclic Cookition, baye banceda ekwenzeni iplani yokutya yengi yesixeko.

Amabali Aphumelelayo

Ngo-2015, iPortland Multnomah County Policy Food Commilic yanceda ekudluliseleni isigqibo esifuna zonke iziganeko ezicwangcisiweyo zokubonelela ngeendidi zokutya okusempilweni. ECleveland, umsebenzi webhunga wakhokelela kumthetho wesixeko ovumela ukugcinwa kwebhombu kwiindawo zokuhlala. Olu lwandiso longezelela, ebonisa ukuba nangaphandle kwegunya elithe ngqo, ibhunga elilungelelanisiweyo lingaguqula inkqubo.

Ukuncedisa Uluntu Ekugqibeni Ngokutya

Ukuze inkqubo yokutya yasekuhlaleni ibonise iimfuno zoluntu, kufuneka ukuba abantu bathathe inxaxheba. Kodwa abantu abaninzi abakwazi ukubandakanyeka okanye bavakalelwe kukuba ilizwi labo alibalulekanga. Oorhulumente basekuhlaleni bayakwazi ukuvala lo msantsa ngokuphuma kwabo.

Iintlanganiso Zasesidlangalaleni Neendlebe

Utshintsho loqingqo-mali, ulwabelo-mali lweenkqubo zokutya, kunye nemithetho yempilo emitsha yonke iqhutywa ngezokuchotshelwa kwabantu. Ezi ntlanganiso zidla ngokwenziwa ngokuhlwa ukuze kuvunyelwe abemi abasebenzayo ukuba baye. Noko ke, ukubakho kudla ngokunciphisa. Ukwandisa ukuganana, ezinye izixeko ngoku zinikela nge-intanethi kunye nobungqina obubonakalayo. IPortland, i-Oregon, ide isebenzise inkqubo yoqingqo lwemali apho abemi bavota ngqo kwindlela yokusebenzisa icandelo loqingqo-mali lwesixeko, kuquka imisebenzi enxulumene nokutya efana nekhitshini okanye izitiya zesikolo.

Uphando kunye neebhodi

Uphando olukwikhompyutha kunye namaqela ajolise ekuqwalaselweni anokuqokelela igalelo elisuka kwicandelo elibanzi loluntu kuneentlanganiso ezi-person kuphela. Oorhulumente abaninzi basekuhlaleni bakwamisele iBhodi ezimileyo zeNkqubo yokuKhuthaza Ukutya eziquka abemi abasuka kwingingqi yokungalondolozwa kokudla, abalimi, nabaphathi boshishino abancinane. Ezi bhodi zibonelela isiqhagamshelanisi esilungelelanisiweyo selizwi loluntu.

Ulutsha Nomfundi Babandakanyekile

Izikolo zingundawo eziphambili ekutyeni. Oorhulumente basekuhlaleni bangenza amabhunga acebisa ulutsha ngeenkqubo zokutya okanye ngerhafu yesoda. Ezinye izixeko, njengeBerkeley, eKhalifoniya, zibandakanya abafundi besikolo samabanga aphakamileyo ekuhloleni irhafu yesixeko yerhafu "yesiselo esinesandi esinesandi" kunye nokuncomela izabiso kwimfundo yokondleko kunye neenkqubo zomsebenzi womzimba.

Iingxaki Ezijamelene Noorhulumente Basekuhlaleni

Ngoxa oorhulumente beendawo benazo izixhobo ezininzi, bakwajamelana nemiqobo ebalulekileyo ekulawuleni ukutya.

Ukunqongophala Kwemali

Amasebe ezempilo asekuhlaleni, amasebe okucwangcisa, kunye nee-ofisi zolwandiso ezisebenzisanayo zisoloko zixhaswa ngerhafu yempahla kunye neminikelo karhulumente. Xa uqingqo-mali luqinile, uhlolo lokutya lungancitshiswa, iinkqubo zokukhuthaza iimarike zabalimi zisenokugawulwa, kwaye inkxaso yegadi yoluntu inganqunyulwa. Izixeko ezininzi ziye zaguqukela kunxulumano lwasekuhlaleni oluzimeleyo, njengokusebenza neebhanki zokutya okanye iziseko, ukuzalisa umsantsa.

Iingxabano Zokuba Namadlala

Inkqubo yokutya yasekuhlaleni ngokungenakuphepheka ibandakanya ukuphuma kwabantu. Abalimi bangachasa imiqathango emitsha yokusetyenziswa kwezibulala zinambuzane; abaninizo bevenkile bangalwa nemali ephezulu yemvume; abameli abalwisi-vumba basenokunyanzela izikhupho ezikhawulezayo zokutya ukudambisa iintlango zokutya, ngelixesha abaxhasi bezempilo bechasa. Ukuqhatha ezi ngxabano kufuna ukhokelo olunamandla nokukulungela ukwenza imisebenzi yomqhubi ngaphambi kokunyuka.

Ukungakhuseleki Kokutya Nokungalingani Kwamalungiselelo

Kwanemigaqo-nkqubo yasekuhlaleni eqinisekiswe kakuhle ingasilela ukufikelela kweyona ngxaki yabemi. Umzekelo, imakethe entsha yabalimi kwingingqi efumileyo ayinakunceda abemi abafumana imali ephantsi ukuba abayamkeli i-SNAP okanye ukuba ngaba isithuthi asifikeleleki. Oorhulumente bongingqi kufuneka baqhubeke beyila iinkqubo zokwakha ngokulinganayo, ezifana nokuhlala kwiindawo ezinokusetyenziswa kwindawo ezidityanisiweyo kwaye banikele iinkqubo zezikhuthazo ezifana ne "Bonus Bucks" kubasebenzisi be-SNAP.

Isiphelo: Isalathisi, Ilizwi Lakho

Kusuka kumphathi-majoni wezempilo ohlola idiminer wasekuhlaleni ukuya kumphathi-mikhosi ovumela isitiya soluntu, amagosa karhulumente wasekuhlaleni abumba inkqubo yokutya ngeendlela ezininzi, ezisoloko zingabonakali. Ukuqonda ezi nkqubo kunika amandla abemi ngezantsi. Ngokukodwa abafundi nabafundisi-----ukuxhasa iinguqu ezihambelana nemilinganiselo yabo. Ukuba ufuna ukubona iimarike ezininzi zabalimi kwidolophu yakho, ukunyanzelisa ukutya okungqongqo, okanye iinkqubo ezintsha zezolimo zasedolophini, zisondelele kunendlela ocinga ngayo. Ukuba uya kuba nentlanganiso yokuphulaphula, dibanisa ibhunga lokutya, okanye buthume ibhunga nje kwibhunga lento ekufuneka uyenze kwisidlo sam sesidlo?" Impendulo ingakubangela umbutho wakho.