I-Australian Treasure idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekulawuleni amatyala kawonke-wonke kunye nokuboleka amaqhinga. Injongo yayo eyintloko kukuqinisekisa ukuba imali karhulumente ihlala isongiwe ngoxa ixhasa ukukhula kwezoqoqosho nokuzinza. Ulawulo lwetyala loluntu asiyomisebenzi yangasemva ye-ofisi; yinkqubo ecwangcisiweyo echaphazela inzala, intembelo yomnini-mali, namandla karhulumente okuphendula kwiimeko ezinzima. Ngokukhupha iimpahla zemali, ukuhlola iimeko zemarikethengiso, nokuxhasa iReser Bank of Australia, iMoneral Becoor iqinisekisa ukuba iSocialcomety iyakwazi ukuxhasa iinkonzo eziyimfuneko, izibonelelo, kunye neenkqubo zentlalo-ntlalo kwithuba elide elinokubakho. Eli nqaku lihlolisisa indlela oovimba bamatyala kunye nokubolekiswa ngayo, izixhobo zokuxhasa, kunye neengxaki zezixhobo ezisetyenziswa ngaphambili.

Ukuqonda Ityala Likawonke - wonke EOstreliya

Ityala likarhulumente, elikwabizwa ngokuba lityala likarhulumente okanye njengetyala elilawulayo, libhekisela kwimali epheleleyo ebolekwa ngurhulumente wase-Australia kubabolekiweyo bakhe. Aba batyala imali iquka abanikazi bezindlu kunye nehlabathi lonke, imali yokutyala, iibhanki, oorhulumente bamanye amazwe, kunye neebhanki ezisembindini. Urhulumente uboleka imali yemali yemali yemali yemali ehlawulwa yiOstreliya yeMali (AOFM), xa isebenzisa imali engaphaya kwemali ehlawulo lokuhlawula imali. Ityala likawonke-wonke likwahluka kwityala labucala (izindlu nezamashishini) kunye netyala likarhulumente. EOstreliya, ityala likarhulumente lilawulwa ngokuyintloko yi-Australia i-Ofmond of Financedme (AFM), iziko, izikom seli kwiqum ye-omishinethi ye-omi

Amatyala amabini aqhelekileyo etyala likarhulumente ngamatyala amakhulu kunye namatyala omnatha. Amatyala agqithiseleyo amela ixabiso elipheleleyo lokubonana kwazo zonke iimfanelo zikarhulumente, njengee-frequences namaphetshana, phambi kokususa naziphi na izinto zemali. Ityala lenethwekhi lisusa naziphi na izinto zikarhulumente zemali. Ngokulingana nemali ekhoyo kwimali karhulumente, ityala lemali eseleyo kwiNgxowa-mali yexesha Elizayo, kunye nemali ebolenziwe ngetyala elingu-$40-200 000 000 000, ngoxa ityala le-nethwekhilonti linika umfanekiso ocacileyo wesikhundla sikarhulumente ngenxa yokuba likhozo zinto ezinokusetyenziswa ukuhlawula iimali ezihlawulwa ngokweemali ezikhoyo emhlabeni wonke (20,5,5,000 ye-200,000 yezigidi, lo gama limele malunga ne-580-20% ye-20%, ngokomlinganiselo ophantsi kwemilinganiselo yezizwe ngezizwe ngezizwe ngezizwe ezi-GP.

Ngokwembali, i-Australia yayingenatyala kakhulu ekuqaleni konyaka wama- 2000 emva kokusetyenziswa koxanduva lohlahlo. Kodwa i-Global Financial Crisis (2008-09) kunye nendyikitya yokuhla kwemali ye-COVID-19 enyanzelisa iindleko ezinkulu, amanqanaba okwandisa kakhulu amatyala. Urhulumente waye enako ukuboleka kwinzala ephantsi ngexesha lamatyala abonisa ukubaluleka kolawulo lwetyala oluqinisekileyo. Namhlanje, i-OFOL kunye ne-AFM igxininisa ekulondolozeni unikezelo kwiimari ezidiza ematyala, ukunciphisa inzala, kunye nokunciphisa ingeniso yemali ekwizixaso ezizinziweyo ezizinziweyo ezizinziweyo ezizinziweyo, eziye zakhahliswa kakhulu kwinani eliphantsi kwaye zincitshiswe kwinani lenzala emfutshane.

Isakhiwo Solawulo Lwemali Yetyala SeeOstreliya

Umsebenzi wolawulo lwetyala eOstreliya uzimele kodwa ukhokelwa yiNkcubeko. I-OFM ye-Australia yoLawulo lweMali yasekwa ngo-1999 ukuphatha ityala leCommonwealth, ulawulo lwemali, kunye nemisebenzi yezoshishino zemali. Injongo ephambili ye-AOFM kukuhlangabezana nemali karhulumente efunekayo kwixabiso eliphantsi kakhulu kwixesha elide, eliphantsi komgangatho owamkelekileyo womngcipheko. Le njongo ifakwe kwi-[[FLT: 0] i-Chomonwele Yomthetho we-Stock X11:[[FLT]] kunye ne-APULT]

Imisebenzi YeAOFM

IAOFM iqhuba intengiso rhoqo yamaqhina ngenkqubo ye-arhente kunye nesibonelelo esimileyo. Inika iMandla eTreasure (iminyaka emithathu ukuya kwengama-30), iTshami (ixeshana, ukuya kunyaka omnye), kunye ne-Compatence Bond (ibhanki yentengiselwano yentengiselwano). I-AOFM ikwalawula imali karhulumente ngomlinganiselo we-Exchange e-Exchange eBank, kwaye ibandakanye kwizivumelwano zokuhlawulela (Rekhonsla) ukulawula ukudiza. Iqela elikhethekileyo labarhwebi kunye nabahlalutyisi abajonge iintengiso zemali ehlabathini lonke, izixakelelo, kunye nemfuno yemali.

Ulawulo lomngcipheko lwe-AOFM luquka imiqathango ebandakanya umngcipheko wenzala, umngcipheko wokufumana inzala, kunye nomngcipheko wemali. Ngenxa yokuba urhulumente eboleka imali kakhulu kwii-dola zase-Australia (AUD), kukho ubungozi obuncinane bemali. Umngcipheko wenzala ulawulwa kukukhupha i-portfolio yezakhono ezahlukeneyo . oku kuqinisekisa ukuba alikho lonke ityala elikhula kanye xa amazinga enyuka. I-AOFM ikwasebenzisa nomlinganiselo wenzala ekutshintshiseni ngemeko ezilinganiselweyo ukuhlengahlenga-hlengiswa komlinganiselo osebenzayo we-portfolio ngaphandle kokutshintsha iqhina elingaphantsi kobuhlanga lungachaphazaza.

Ukulungelelaniswa nomgaqo-nkqubo

Iveksi kunye ne-AOFM isebenza ngokusondeleneyo neSebe leMali kunye neBhange leReserve yase-Ostreliya. Uqingqo-mali lwaminyaka le lumisela iqhinga lobungcali likarhulumente, kuquka imfuneko yokuboleka eveziweyo. U-AOFM ngoko uphumeza inkqubo yetyala ngokuhambelana naloo nto ifunekayo, ukunxibelelana neeplani zayo kwimarike ngekota. Ukubonakala yindlela engundoqo: i-AOFM ikhupha iingxelo ezineenkcukacha ngemisebenzi yayo, ukwenziwa kwamatyala, kunye novavanyo lwetyala. Oku kuxhasa ukuthembeka komdla wokubona-bala nokugcina iindleko ziphantsi.

Izixhobo Ezingundoqo Zokuboleka

Urhulumente waseOstreliya usebenzisa izixhobo zamatyala ezininzi ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezahlukeneyo zabanikeli kunye neemfuno zemali.

Imali

Imali yemali yekota ye-Others isisixhobo esiphambili sokuboleka isiqingatha sexesha elide. Ziziindawo ezidityanisiweyo ezinezixa ezisusela kwiminyaka emithathu ukuya kwengama-30. Abanikeli bafumana intlawulo encinane yemali ehlawulwayo, kwaye inqununu ihlawulelwa xa ikhulile. I-OthersBonds itshintshisana nge-Entenities ye-Australian Securities Exchange (ASX) kunye nemali eninzi ekhoyo. Bangamanzi kakhulu kwaye bagcinwa yimali eninzi kakhulu, iibhanki, iinkampani ze-inshorensilensi, kunye nababengi bangaphandle. I-AOFOFM imisela isibonda esidibanisa isibonda sophawu kwincam engundoqo (umz. 3-yeminyaka elishumi, iminyaka engama-20), enceda ukuvelisa ingeniso yemali yasekhaya.

Ingxelo

Amanqaku eT - Notes (ii-T- Notes) zizixhobo zamatyala zexeshana ezinezixa ezincinane ezilinganayo zonyaka omnye. Zithengiswa ngexabiso eliphantsi ukuze zingabhatala zize zingabhatala iphetshana; ukubuya komgcini-mali ngumahluko phakathi kwexabiso lentengo kunye nexabiso lobuso xa sele eqolile. I-T-Notes zisetyenziselwa ukulawula ukuphuma kwemali yexeshana elifutshane lokuphuma kwemali ngokulinganayo . ngokomzekelo, xa ii-litishi yerhafu zisezantsi kunokuba kulindelekile kwinyanga enikiweyo. Zisetyenziswa kakhulu yimali yentengiso yemali kwaye iibhanki zokuphatha imali kancinane.

Amaqhina Asesandleni

AmaBond Esalathisi (akwabizwa ngokuba ngamaqhina akwikomkhulu) aneemali zawo eziyintloko kunye namaphetshana alungelelaniswa ukunyuka kwamaxabiso asekelwe kwiNkundla yemali eMsebenzi. La maqhina akhusela abatyali bemali ekukhukulisekeni kwemali yokunyuka kwemali kunye nesibheno semali yemali yempesheni kunye nabanikazi bexesha elide abafake imali yemali ediponjiweyo. I-Australia yaba ngumxhasi wakuqala wezibophelelo zesalathisi sesalathisi, kwaye ihlala iyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yetyala. Imiba ye-AOFM ibonda ephakathi kwemiba ekwimiba elingana nemali e-5, 10, kunye neminyaka engama-20. Uhlenga lokunyuka komvo oluqhelekileyo lwemali kungunxa-GDP kukhula ngokukhawuleza, okugcina amatyala, ngoxa iqhina eligcina izala elingunxa linyuka ngomgca wokunyuka.

Ezinye izixhobo

IAOFM ikwasebenzisa ukuboleka imali ngemali kwiBhanki yeReserve, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha ityala lemali yasemzini [nangoko ikwenza oku kunqanda ukongezelela umngcipheko wemali. Ngo-2020, ngexesha lencopho yesivumelwano se-COVID-19, urhulumente ukhuphe ityala elifutshane phantsi kwe-URhulumente iSiqinisekiso sokuxhasa imali ebhankini, kodwa oku kwakungesiso isixhobo sokuboleka imali rhoqo. Ekugqibeleni, i-Oventi ingasebenzisa [ ukuboleka [[FLT]] (RFLT]]]) (iiityala) okanye ukuboleka) (ityala) okomzuzwana, nto enceda ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza ngokutyibilikayo kwemali ye-makethe.

Ukulondolozwa kwamatyala nemithetho ehlawulwayo

Ukulondolozwa kwamatyala kuyinto ephambili kuMphathi-mali. Umgangatho wamatyala ugqalwa njengongalondolozwa ukuba urhulumente angahlangabezana nezibophelelo zakhe zangoku nezexesha elizayo ngaphandle kwemilinganiselo engaqhelekanga, enjengeyokungagqibeki okanye inkxaso egqithisileyo yemali. INgxelo yeMali ijonga izalathisi eziliqela zokuqinisekisa ukulondolozwa, kuquka umlinganiselo wamatyala owe-GDP, umgangatho wokukhula kwetyala, ukwabelana ngetyala langaphandle, kunye nethuba lokwahlula-mali (umahluko phakathi kwengeniso efunyenweyo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwemali ixesha elide).

Isakhiwo se-Australia se-flassical siquka iinjongo eziphakathi: ukufikelela uhlahlo-lwabiwo-mali olugqithisileyo kumjikelo wezoqoqosho, ukugcina iirhafu njengesabelo se-GDP ngaphantsi komgangatho othile, kunye nokugcina amatyala omnatha njengesabelo se-GDP. Ukususela ekuqaleni konyaka wama-20202010, oorhulumente abalandelelanayo baye banikezela kumthetho wemali wokulondolozwa kwemali [ efuna icebo lokubuyela ekuqondweni xa iimeko zezoqoqosho zivumela.

Ukuthelekiswa Kwamazwe Ngamazwe

Umlinganiselo wetyala elincinane le-Australia elikwityala eliya ku-GDP uphantsi ngokuthelekiswa nezinye izoqoqosho ezihambele phambili. NgokweInternational Monetary Fund (IMF), ityala eliqhelekileyo lemali yezoqoqosho ehambele phambili lalimalunga nama-80% e-GDP ngowama-2023. Ityala elincinane leOstreliya ngokwemo-mali libangelwa bubutyebi balo bendalo, eliye lavelisa iimali zerhafu zerhafu ngexesha lemiqathango yemali, kwaye izakhiwo zalo ezinamandla. Kodwa, kukho iingcinezelo zokwakha: amanani asebe abalupheleyo, iindleko zokwandiswa kwempilo, ukunyuka, kunye nokutshintsha kwenkcitho yemozulu kuya kwandisa ukuchithwa kweendleko zamashumi eminyaka ezayo. Imisebenzi ye-Intengiselwano yemali yenkcitho yemali esetyenziswa ngurhulumente karhulumente okrwelelo lwe-GDP iya kunyuka ngesantya esi-3 nge-206, ubukhulu bemali engahambelanabangezo ezikhoyo zempilo ezikhoyo.

Iingozi Zokomelela

Umba wemali uchaza iingozi eziliqela ekulondolozweni kwamatyala:

  • Ubungozi bomyinge womlinganiselo ophakathi: Unyuko kwixabiso lenzala yehlabathi lonke lunyusa ixabiso lokuboleka okutsha nokuphinda kusetyenziswe. Ityala le-Australia lizinziswe kakhulu, ngoko ifuthe elikhawulezileyo lilinganiselwe, kodwa ukuqengqeleka kwamaqhina aqhubekekayo kumlinganiselo ophezulu kwandisa intlawulo yenzala kwixesha elizayo.
  • [[UMTL:0] Umngcipheko wokufumana intlawulo:[ Ukuba inxalenye enkulu yetyala ikhula ngexesha elinye, urhulumente kungafuneka aboleke ngamanani angahlawulwayo. IAOFM ilawula oku ngokugqwesayo nangokugcina inkangeleko yokukhula okuziintlobo ngeentlobo.
  • [[FLT: 0] Ukudodobala kwezoqoqosho: Ukudodobala kokudodobala kwerhafu kunganciphisa ingeniso yerhafu kwaye kwandise ukusetyenziswa kwemali ezenzekelayo (umz., iingenelo zokungaqeshwa), okunokwenzeka kubangele iintsilelo kunye namatyala aphezulu. I-Othermeter igcina isigcini-mgcini-mphantsi wesithuba sokuphendula xa kuhla.
  • Amatyala atshintshileyo: Urhulumente uqinisekisa amatyala athile oorhulumente bakarhulumente (ngeSiqinisekiso soRhulumente waseAustralia sokuboleka) kwaye unika i-inshorensi yokufaka imali. Ukungaphumeleli kwebhanki enkulu kungabangela ezi ziqinisekiso, ukwandisa amatyala kawonke-wonke.

Ukunciphisa ezi ngozi, i-AOFM icwangcisa umgama ojoliswe kuwo ngokwe-avareji yexesha lokukhula kwetyala (ngoku malunga neminyaka emithandathu ukuya kweyesixhenxe) kwaye igcine isigcini-mgcini-sango esimanzi. Urhulumente uyasebenza kwiNgxowa-mali yeNtloko yeNto ePhakathi ``Imali yobutyebi obuphezulu elungiselelwe ukugquma iindleko zecandelo likawonke wonke eziphezulu kakhulu, ezicutha amatyala e-*.

Iingxaki Nembono Yekamva

I-Australian Treasurer ijongene nocelomngeni oluninzi ekulawuleni amatyala kawonke-wonke kunye nokuboleka amaqhinga okufumana ingeniso kwiminyaka ezayo. Okokuqala, imekobume yenzala yomhlaba wonke iye yatshintsha. Emva kweminyaka elishumi enexabiso eliphantsi kakhulu, iibhanki ezisembindini ehlabathini lonke .Kuquka iReserve Bank yase-Australia-ngile (ii-202,2,2,28,44,2,2,2,2,27,2,2,2.

Okwesibini, utshintsho lwamanani lwabantu luza kunyanzela uqingqo-mali. Umlinganiselo wabantu base-Ostreliya abaneminyaka engama-65 nangaphezulu unyuke ukusuka malunga ne-16% kwi-2023 ukuya ngaphezulu kwe-22% ngo-2063, ukwanda kokuchitha imali kwii-webhusayithi, ukunyamekela impilo, kunye nokunyamekela abantu abadala. Ingxelo yeNguquko ibonisa ukuba phantsi kwemigaqo-siseko yangoku, amatyala omnatha anganyuka amalunga nama-50% e-GDP ngo-2063 ukuba akukho nyathelo lithathiweyo. Lo mgangatho usancitshiswe yimilinganiselo yezizwe ngezizwe ngezizwe, kodwa ke unokuba ngowona uphezulu kwimbali ye-Australia.

Okwesithathu, utshintsho lwemozulu luzisa zombini iingozi zomzimba notshintsho. Urhulumente kuza kufuneka afake imali eninzi ekuziqhelaniseni (umz., ukhuseleko olukhukulayo, ukukwazi ukumelana nomlilo) kunye nokuguqukela kwizoqoqosho oluphantsi (umz., ukubuyiselwa kwamandla, inkxaso-mali yezithuthi zombane). Oku kutyala kunganyusa ukuboleka ngexesha elifutshane. Kwangaxesha linye, utshintsho lwemozulu lunganciphisa ukukhula okukhawulezileyo kwezoqoqosho, lwenze kube nzima ukuncedisa. Imali enika iziphumo zemozulu ekuphuculeni imozulu.

Okwesine, ukungaqiniseki kwezoqoqosho kusekho emhlabeni wonke. Ukungaqiniseki kwemeko-bume yehlabathi, uqhekeko lorhwebo, kunye nokuphazamiseka kobugcisa kungakhokelela kwiimarike zemali ezimandundu. I-AOFM kufuneka ihlale ikulungele ukutshintsha, ilungele ukulungisa imiqulu exhobisayo kunye nemisebenzi esekelwe kwiimeko zemarike. Isifo se-COVID-19 sabonisa ixabiso lokuba neofisi ethembekileyo yolawulo lwetyala enokuthi ngokukhawuleza ikwazi ukuboleka xa kuyimfuneko. Ulawulo lwetyala lwamatyala lwanconywa ngamaziko amazwe ngamazwe ngamazwe ngenxa yokubonakala kwayo nokusebenza kwayo ngexesha lokuphendula kwezifo ezimatyala.

Iindlela ezintsha zolawulo lwamatyala

I-AOFM ihlola uphuhliso lophuhliso lokuphucula impumelelo kunye nokufikelela komgcini-mali. Ngo-2022, yavelisa inkqubo eluhlaza yemibutho, ikhupha amaqhina aluhlaza apheleleyo ukuxhasa imisebenzi neenzuzo zemeko-bume. Umanyano lokuqala oluluhlaza lwanyusa iibhiliyoni ezingama-$7 kwaye lwabekwa ngaphezulu kakhulu, lubonisa ukufunwa ngamandla komgcini-mali wezixhobo ezizinzileyo. I-AOFM ikwasebenzisa amaqonga eethengiseleli kwaye iqalise ukukhupha amatyala ngesakhiwo esimileyo ukuxhasa ingeniso ethengiselwa-mali rhoqo. Ezi zizinto zinceda iindleko eziphantsi kakhulu kwaye zandisa isiseko songezelelo.

Umsebenzi wolawulo lwamanani

Iveksi yemali ifake izixhobo zamanani zolawulo lwamatyala, kuquka i-AFLM’S Statisticss Deactboard , evumela uluntu kunye nabanikazi bemali ukuba bahlole amatyala ngexesha lokwenene. Oku kunika ingxengezo zobungcaciso kwaye kunceda abathathi-nxaxheba benze izigqibo zolwazi. I-AOFM ikwathatha inxaxheba kwizizwe ngezizwe ngezizwe kwi-a/ezifana nenethwekhitsha ye-international Monetary Fund yolawulo lwetyala.

Isiphelo

Ulawulo lweTreasure yase-Australia lwetyala likarhulumente kunye nobuchule bokuboleka busisiseko sokuzinzisa kwezoqoqosho. Nge-AFM, urhulumente ukhupha iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezixhobo zokwenza iprojekthi. Ngokwandiswa kwemali, iPhondo le-Freasury Bonds, i-Saference, neGreenbond (ukuxhasa imisebenzi yayo ngexabiso eliphantsi kakhulu elinokwenzeka ngexa kugcinwa ityala elizinzileyo. Ulawulo lwetyala elizinzileyo. Ngoncedo lwe-AFOFM, urhulumente uya kuqinisekisa ukuba urhulumente uhlangabezana neemfuno kunye nemigaqo yezentengiso. Ngoxa imingeni ephezulu, iinguquko yemali, kunye nomngcipheko wemozulu ikhula, ukumanyana bamatyala kuhlala kuqinile ngokwemilinganiselo yamazwe ngamazwe. Ukubambelela kokuziko kwemithetho ecwangciiii-ok

Ukufundwa okubhekele phaya, bhekisa kwi-Ofisi ye-Australia ye-ofisi yoLawulo lwemali olusemthethweni lwe-, i-[FLT] uGawulayo woLawulo , kunye ne IBhanki ye-Australia yogcino-lwazi lwemali. Ingxelo ye-Mali ye-[FLT:] 2023 ye-International Report [ inika iinkcukacha ezithe kratya-iiinte-fibregi.