Ziziphi Iingxelo Zokugwetywa Kwabemi?

Iingxelo zomlonyezelo wabemi ziintsalela zengxelo zenkundla engekho semthethweni. Zibamba sonke isigqumathelo sobomi setyala lamakhaya . ngokusuka kwisehlo sokuqala sesikhalazo ngentshukumo, ukuva, ukufumanisa iimpikiswano, ukuvavanya, kunye nomgwebo wokugqibela. Ezi ngxelo zikhutshwa ziinkundla zokuvavanya urhulumente kunye nomgangatho wolawulo lwasemthethweni kwaye zigcinwa ngokusesikweni kwiimeko zenkundla. Ingxelo nganye ingaquka amagama amaqela, ulawulo lwenkundla, amanani, ukuchasana kwesivumelwano, ukulahlwa kwemali, ukulahlwa kwempahla, ukulahlwa kwemiqathango, ii-ovimba bemali, ii-odolokhwetha, ii-oksi-odokisi ezingundoqo njengezikhalazo kunye neempendulo, imiyalelo ekhutshwe ngumgwebiso-sotho (udismis, isishwankathelo, ukuvavanywa kwetyala, okanye ukuvavanywa kwetyala).

Iingxelo zowiso-mthetho zokwahlula amatyala angokwahlukileyo kwiingxelo zolwaphulo-mthetho ngenxa yokuba azibandakanyeki kwizityholo zolwaphulo-mthetho ezichaphazelekayo kwiphondo. Endaweni yoko, zicombulula iingxabano zobuqu phakathi kwabantu, amashishini, okanye amaqumrhu karhulumente. Iindidi eziqhelekileyo ziquka iimbambano, ukumangalelwa ngokwezobumnini, iimbambano zokonzakalisa, iimbambano zocalulo, ucalucalulo lwemisebenzi, kunye nezenzo zodidi. Ngenxa yokuba ezi ngxelo zingumbandela ongokwalubala uluntu kwimimandla emininzi ephakamileyo, zibumba umthombo otyebileyo wolwazi nabani osebenza ngokusebenza nzima okufanelekileyo, uvavanyo lomthetho, okanye iingxelo zobuqu.

Ukuqonda isakhiwo sale ngxelo kubaluleke ekusebenziseni ezi ngxelo. Ungeno lwedokisi oluqhelekileyo lungadwelisa umhla, uhlobo lwescreen (umz., "Ulwamkelo lokulahla"), iqela lepali, kunye nenkcazelo emfutshane. Umbhalo opheleleyo wezicelo, iintshukumo, kunye nemiyalelo isoloko ikhona, nangona kwiinkundla ezininzi ezixilongwe kuphela ii PDS ziyaphenywa. Ukwazi oko kujongwa kuko.

Ukufumana iingxelo zokwahlulwa koluntu

Iindlela zokufikelela zahluka kakhulu ngokolawulo. Kumgangatho wesigqeba soluntu, inkqubo ye-Precument Electronic Records (PACER) inika intelekelelo esembindini ye-intanethi yamazibuko eeNkundla yeSithili eUnited States, iiBhankiptacy Courts, kunye neeAppeltars. Abasebenzisi bangaphengulula ngegama leqela, inombolo yekhathetho. I-parcer inika intwuthi encinane ngephepha ngalinye, nangona inkcitho ehhhhliswe kubasebenzisi abangaphantsi kwemali ethile kwikota. Iinkundla ezininzi zikarhulumente, unikezelo lwazo lwahlukene. Amazwe amaninzi ayakwazi ukuthatha iindlela zawo zokuphatha ityala lengingqini, umzekelo we-court, i-Odys eFile, okanye ubalo lwe-New York York's. Ubalo lwahlukene lwezibonqobo olunikezela kuphela kwi-ekhon

Iinkonzo zophando olusemthethweni olunjengeWeslaw, LexisNexis, neBloomberg Law irejistate yeengxelo ezivela kwimimandla emininzi zedityaniswe ngezixhobo zokuphendla, iikhotha-nxaxheba, kunye nemisebenzi yengcaciso. Ezi nkonzo zisetyenziswa kakhulu ziifemi zomthetho kunye neenkampani. Abantu okanye amashishini amancinane ngaphandle kokufumana unikezelo, iizalathisi zikawonke-wonke ezikhululekileyo ezifumaneka kwindlu yenkundla yenkundla. Ukutyelela inkundla kumntu kusoloko kukuvumela ukuba ujonge iifayile zetyala lokwenyani okanye usebenzise izithemithelekelelo zikawonke ukubuza ngenkqubo yezibuko. Kodwa ke, ayifumaneki onke amaxwebhu ngoko nangoko ngenxa yokuqulungela iirekhodi okanye imigaqo-mvume.

Abalawuli baseburhulumenteni kunye nee-ofisi ezirekhodiweyo nabo bagcina iirekhodi ezindala, ingakumbi ezo zisuka kwiinkundla eziye zaqokelela iifayile zazo ngokutsha. Abalawuli belizwe, amabutho embali, kunye namathala eencwadi omthetho aseyunivesithi maxa wambi angekho semthethweni kumarekhodi endlu asetyenziswa ngokukhutheleyo. Xa ufikelela kwiingxelo ezikude, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ubunyani bemvelaphi. Jonga kwiziphawuli zenkundla ezisemthethweni, izitembu zedokisi, kunye namanani anokunqandwa ngqo kwisiseko senkundla.

Ukusebenzisa Iingxelo Zokwahlula Abemi

Umngcipheko wokususwa kwemilo

Iingcali zomthetho zixhomekeke kwiingxelo zomlonyezo wamakhaya ukuvavanya imbali yokumangalelwa kwabemi, abamangalelwa, okanye amaqela esithathu. Iqela elinembali yokumangalelwa koninzi-ninzi . Ngokunjalo, ingakumbi kwindawo enye yomthetho-----------asenonikela ubungozi obuphezulu belitha lexesha elizayo. Umzekelo, ummangalelwa kwityala lemveliso oye wamangalelwa izihlandlo ezilishumi kwisiphene esifanayo ujongene nomva onokuba nowokuqala ukumangalelwa. Ngokunjalo, ummangalelwa oqhelekileyo osoloko efaka iifate ujongwa njenge "ilijiji," enokuchaphazela ukuphendula okanye ukuthembeka ekufumaneni.

Ukukhangela Iimfundiso Nemigwebo

Iingxelo zamakhaya zityhila imigwebo ebalaseleyo yemali, ii-maxinal zerhafu, abantwana, iziphathi-mali, nezinye izibophelelo zemali eziye zancitshiswa kwimigwebo yabemi. Phambi kokuba zingene kwisivumelwano esikhulu, ukuboleka imali, okanye ukufumana ishishini, ukuvavanya izibuko lengingqi lemali yemali, kungatyhila amatyala afihlakeleyo anokuqukwa kwimpahla. Umgwebo omiselweyo sisisibonisi esinamandla sokuba iqela alikwazi ukuphendula ekwayaleni, ngokufuthi ngenxa yokuba alikwazi ukufikelela isiqinisekiso esisemthethweni okanye likhethe ukungakuhoyi ukuqhuba. Le migwebo isenokunyanzeleka ukusetyenziswa ngokwempahla yobuqu okanye yeshishini kangangeminyaka emininzi, kuxhomeke kummiselo wemithetho yezomthetho.

Ukuhlola INgqina Nobuchule

Iingxelo zomthendeleko wamakhaya zisenokukhanyisa kwingxelo yamangqina angoongcaphephe, abagcini-mali, okanye abanye oogqirha abanobungqina obunokuvela enkundleni. Ingaba ingcaphephe ethile ayifanelekanga kwiimeko ezidlulileyo? Ingaba iimbono zayo zigxekwe ngabagwebi? Xa bekhangela ngeenkcukacha ze-intelekelelo ezikwizikhuseli zedokisi zingatyhila isigwebo esingalunganga, iimpikiswano zomrhumo, okanye kwanetyala elibekwe tyala. Ngokufanayo, ngokuhlola imbali yengingqi yejaji enokuba yijaji enokuba injalo, nangona ingakhangelwanga phambi kwabantu ngaphandle kweengxelo zendaba. //ikhankankani, ikhutshelwe kwiingxelo ezivela kwiingxelo zomrhumelo okanye zokuphelo.

Iziphumo zetyala lokukhangela iziphumo zesalathisi

Xa kulungiselelwa impikiswano yomthetho yencwadi ebhaliweyo, uphando lweengxelo zomlonyeni kumbandela omnye womthetho kwinkundla enye inganika ixabiso lemodeli okanye ubuncinane igunya lokuyekelela. Nangona izigqibo ezipapashwayo zidla ngokukhankanywa, izigqibo ezingapapashwanga kunye nemiyalelo yenkundla yokuvavanya inokubakho kwiifayile zezibuko. Ezinye iinkundla zikhupha amaxwebhu anjalo kwisambuku, kunye neenkonzo ezifana neNkundla yoMmeli okanye uSolwazi we-Google ziquka izigqibo zomqobo. Ukuqonda indlela ijaji ethile eye yalawula ngayo kwimiqathango efanayo . / ingumsebenzi wokunyanzela ukufumana okanye ukuqulungela ubuchule bokunceda ukufinyelisa.

Ukusebenzisa Iingxelo Zokujongwa Kwabemi Ngelinye Ixesha

Ikhusi elibukhali

Amalond ahlola iingxelo zenkundla yamakhaya angabona ukuba umqeqeshi ubandakanyekile kuhlolo lokugxotha, ukuxabana kwengingqi yelizwe, okanye amatyala amancinci. Ukugxothwa kwembali, nokuba ityala lirhoxisiwe, kungabonisa umlinganiselo wokunganikezeli okanye umonakalo wempahla. Amazwe amaninzi avumela abanini-ndlu ukuba bafumane iingxelo zokugxotha ezikhutshwe kumazibuko anikezelweyo, nangona amanye anemiqathango enokuthi abuye kuphi na ekuphengululweni kokuphengululeni. Kubalulekile ukuhambisana neFair Hollation Act kwaye angabekelwa phantsi okusekelwe kwiiklasi ezikhuselweyo njengenxalenye yenkqubo ye-barstatel ivumelekile xa isetyenziswa ngokuqhubekayo.

ISebe leMicimbi yeNkcubeko

Phambi kokuba basebenzisane, basebenzisane, okanye basebenzisane, abantu ngabanye bangenza uphando lwamatyala kwiqabane elicetyiweyo. Umzekelo wokumangalelwa kwezivumelwano ezaphukileyo, ukutyholwa ngenkohliso, okanye ubusela bempahla yenkcubeko kufuneka kunyuse iiflegi ezibomvu. Ngokufanayo, ukuhlola iqumrhu leshishini leqabane elikwingxelo yasekuhlaleni lingatyhila izahlulelo ezibalaseleyo, ityala elibolekisayo, okanye iingxowa zobutyala. Kwaneemeko ezincinane zamatyala ngaphantsi kwe-R10 000 zingabonisa ukungalungelelani ngokwemali okanye ukungahoywa kwezibophozo zobudlelane.

Iindlela Zokhuseleko Zomntu Ngemvelaphi

Imiyalelo yokhuseleko lwamakhaya (njengemiyalelo yokuthintela) zizifungo zamakhaya ezinokuvela kwiingxelo zenkundla. Nangona zingengomaphuli-mthetho, zibonisa ukuba inkundla ifumene ubungqina obaneleyo bokukhathazwa, ukugatywa, okanye ugonyamelo lwasekhaya ukukhupha umyalelo. Abantu abacinga ngolwalamano lothando, ilungiselelo lomntu ohlala naye, okanye kwanomntu ohlala naye angafuna ukukhangela imiyalelo enjalo. Kwimimandla emininzi, ezi ngxelo zifumaneka kwi-intanethi okanye nge-ofisi yomabhalanenobhala-mthetho. Amanye amazwe aquka imiyalelo yokuhlaselwa kwamakhaya kwii-data zabo.

Ukuqinisekisa Ukubuyiselwa kooGcisa

Oochwepheshe abanjengeziko lokwakha, abakhi, abaxhasi bemali, kunye noogqirha bangajamelana nokumangalelwa kwamakhaya ngeenkonzo zabo zobugcisa. Ukukhangela izikhusi zedokisi lengingqi zekonti yekonti yelizwe kungabonisa ii-xons ezingahlawulwayo, ukudibeneka kolwakhiwo lwesuti. Kubasebenzi bemali, abaxhasi betyala lemali, imbali yokungavumelani kwetyala okanye iimpikiswano ezifanelekileyo zingafumaneka nge-FINRA's Broker Decco, kodwa iingxelo zenkundla zamakhaya zibonise ukumangalelwa okungahambiyo nge-athriti. Olu lwazi lwazi lunganceda abaxhasi bakhethe abanezikhuseli abanokubhalwa ngokweencwadi ezisemthethweni.

Izenzo ezilunge kakhulu zokutolika Iingxelo Zokuphelisa

Yazi Intsingiselo Yamagama Asemthethweni Nemeko

Ityala lasekuhlaleni lingaba "elingakhutshwanga ngaphandle kocalucalulo," ithetha ukuba ummangalelwa ukhululekile ukuba aphinde afumane ifayile; "ukwamkelwa ngekhethe," ithetha ukuba ityala livalwe ngokusisigxina; okanye "licatshulwe," ithetha ukuba amaqela afikelele isivumelwano ngaphandle komgwebo wokugqibela. "Umgwebo omiselweyo" uyenzeka xa ummangalelwa engaphumeleli ukuphendula, kwaye ummangalelwa uphumelele ngokungagqibekanga. "umgwebo osisigwebo" ngumthetho olawulayo owenziwe yinkundla ephikisanayo kwaye uvumela omnye. Ngamnye kwezi zimo uveza amanyathelo ahlukeneyo ngenxa yokusebenza nzima. Umzekelo, umbandela ozinzileyo usenokubonisa ukuba ubhatathsa ngokukhawuleza, ngexa kuvavanywa umgwebo.

Qinisekisa Ngokuchasene Nemithombo Emininzi

Iingxelo zenkundla azisoloko zichanile. Iimpazamo zenkundla, amagama ajijiweyo, kunye namaxwebhu alahlekileyo angakhokelela kwiingxelo zobunyani okanye kwiziphumo zobuxoki. Ukuba igama livela kwizibuko lelizwe, qinisekisa ukuba ityala libandakanya umntu okanye into oyiphandayo. Qinisekisa ukuba, umhla wokuzalwa (ukuba iyafumaneka), kunye neenkcukacha. Umnqamlezo ukhangela ulwazi ngeengxelo zetyala, ubhaliso lweshishini, okanye ezinye iisiseko sikawonke-wonke. Kwizigqibo eziphezulu, qwalasela inkonzo ye inyuma ethetha ngokufumana ingxelo yenkundla.

I-check eFinqiweyo okanye iziXhobo eziSusiwe

Ezinye iingxelo zamakhaya zifanele zitywinwe yinkundla, ingakumbi kwiimeko ezibandakanya iimfihlelo zorhwebo, amaqela olutsha, okanye ulwazi lwezamayeza oluchukumisekayo. Iingxelo eziye zacinywa okanye zatywinwa kufuneka zingaveli ekuphengululeni koluntu, kodwa iimpazamo zinokwenzeka. Ukuba udibana nengxelo ebonakala ngathi iphelelwe lixesha okanye iphosiso, musa ukuxhomekeka kuyo. Ngokunjalo, lumkela uhlobo oluthile lwezenzo zamakhaya . Ngokunjalo, zenza njengezenzo ezithile zelizwe elinokucinywa phantsi kwemithetho ecacileyo esekelwe kuyo.

Khawucinge Ngexesha Elidluleyo

Ityala elabekwa laza lagxothwa kwiminyaka emihlanu edluleyo lingaba lincinci kunemeko efanayo. Ingxelo yetyala nemithetho yokuhlola imvelaphi ilinganisela ukusetyenziswa kwemigwebo yamakhaya emidala ngokunjalo ukuya kwiminyaka esixhenxe phantsi kweFair Crreving Reporting Act (kodwa ngenxa yenzondelelo imbono ende ingaba luncedo. Umzekelo, uthotho lwamatyala abekwe ngaphaya kweminyaka elishumi edlulileyo ngokuchasene neshishini lungabonisa umlinganiselo oye wasombululwa ngenkqubo ephuculiweyo.

Imida Neengozi Zokusebenzisa Iingxelo Zokuphelisa

Ugcino-lwazi Olungaphelelanga okanye Lwecandelwana

Asizizo zonke iinkqubo zenkundla ezilinganiswe ngokupheleleyo. Ezinye izibalo ezincinane zisaxhomekeke kwiifayile zamaphepha, kwaye oko kukhoyo kwi-intanethi kusenokuphelela kwisishwankathelo sedokisi ngaphandle kwamaphepha angaphantsi. Kwanakwinkqubo zamanani, iingxelo ezindala zisenokuba azikhange zihlolwe. Ngaphezu koko, ezinye iintlobo zeziphumo zemicimbi yasekuhlaleni . Zifana namatyala enkundleni ebandakanya ukugcinwa kwetyala okanye uqhawulo-mtshato, kwaye zisoloko zibekwe phantsi kwemiqathango kawonke wonke. Ukuthembela kwiingxelo zokusetyenziswa kwabemi ngaphandle kongeza neminye imithombo kungakhokelela kumfanekiso ongaphelelanga.

Imicimbi Yasese Nenkxalabo Engokobukho

Iingxelo zamakhaya zithe zasetyenziswa nguwonke-wonke, kodwa ulwazi oluqulathwe zizinto zobuqu ngokugqithiseleyo. Ukusebenzisa ezi ngxelo zokukhathazwa, ucalucalulo, okanye nayiphi na injongo engekho mthethweni ekwalelweyo ngumthetho. I-Fair Credit Reporting Act (FCRA) imisela imigaqo engqongqo kwindlela iinkampani ezihlola imvelaphi esetyenziswa ngayo irekhodi yasekuhlaleni, kuquka ukuqinisekisa ukuchana nokunika isaziso esingalunganga. Abantu abazenza uphengululo lwabo kufuneka bathabathe inyathelo elifanelekileyo: musa ukwabelana ngeengxelo ngendlela enokuphoxaza okanye yonakalisa lombandela ngokungeyo, kwaye ungaxhomekeki kuphela kwingxelo enye ebhaliweyo ebhaliweyo ukuze benze isigqibo esibalulekileyo sobomi ngaphandle komongomongomo ofanelekileyo.

Umngcipheko Wokungaqondani

Amagama aqhelekileyo ngumthombo oqhelekileyo weempazamo. Ukuphengulula "John Smith" kwi database enkulu yenkundla yesixeko esisemgaqweni angabuyisela amakhulu amatyala, ambalwa kakhulu awo angowona mbandela. Isebenzisa amagama awongezelelekileyo ```igama elingumhla wokuzalwa, umhla wokuzalwa, inani lokhuseleko lweNtlalo (xa livumelekile ngokomthetho), okanye iidilesi ezaziwayo ``ibalulekile kwiziphumo zesihluzi. Ezinye iinkundla zinika ulwazi lwedilesi kwikhusi sedokisi, nto leyo enokukunceda ukuqinisekisa ukuba ityala liyafana na nomxholo wakho. Ukuba uyathandabuza, fumana ukhuphelo lwesikhalazo okanye umgwebo kwaye uqinisekise amagama namanqaku.

Ugcino-lwazi lwexesha

Iingxelo zenkundla zihlaziywe ngexesha lokwenene okanye elikufuphi nexesha lokwenene kwezinye iinkqubo, kodwa ezinye zinokuhlala iintsuku, iiveki, okanye kwaneenyanga. Ityala elibonakala "lithe lathe lazinziswa okanye lazinziswa kodwa lingakahlaziywa kwi-intanethi. Ngokufanayo, umgwebo owaneliswayo (unikezelwe) ungabonakala njengobalaseleyo kuphendlo lwasencwadini kawonke-wonke. Ngamaxesha onke ukhangela umhla ohlaziyiweyo kwinkqubo kwaye, ukuba kuyimfuneko, biza umabhalane wenkundla ukuqinisekisa imeko yangoku.

Izixhobo kunye nezakhiwo zolawulo zolawulo lwangaphakathi

Kubaphengululi, iinkampani zomthetho, namashishini afuna ukudibanisa imiqulu emikhulu yeerekhodi zamakhaya, amaqonga olawulo lolwakhiwo njengo . IDirectus system ethambileyo indlela yokuhlela, ukugcina, nokuphendla i-data yenkundla. I-Diretus yindawo evulekileyo engenasiphelo ye-CMS enokuthi idibane nayo nayiphi na i-SQL ugcino-lwazi, ivumele abasebenzisi ukuba bakhe iibhodi ezisisiko, ugcino-data oluzenzekelayo, nokusebenzisa iimvume zemisebenzi eyahlukileyo yomsebenzisi. Umzekelo, iqela elisemthethweni lingamisela isiseko sokulandela zonke iimeko ezibandakanya ushishino oluthile, ngemiba ye-tebhusayithi, icebo elichasayo, iziphumo. Iplatstdit-i yenza ukwenziwa kolunye uhlobo lwezixhobo lobuchule okanye uxwebhu lobuchule.

Ezinye izixhobo eziluncedo ziquka ii-aggregator zenkundla ezinikezelweyo. PACTER ihlala ingumthombo oyintloko weerekhodi zesizwe. Kwi-state-levererch, imimandla emininzi ngoku inikela iitheminali zonikezelo lukawonke-wonke kwinkundla yenkundla, kwaye amanye amazwe anika uphengululo olusikelweyo kwi-intanethi kwii-website zawo ze-judicaria. Iinkonzo ezifana LIVETISS NUNG [[FLT:]] iirekhodi ezininzi ezisuka kumawaka eenkundla, ezivumela abasebenzisi ukuba bamisele izilumkiso ezintsha ezibandakanya amaqela athile. Abasebenzisi boqingqobhaliso lwemali, abathi be-FFLT [FFF]

Isiphelo

Iingxelo zombutho wabemi zizixhobo ezinamandla zokusebenza nzima, zinika iwindow kwimbali ecacileyo yamaqela, ukuqulunqwa kweengxaki zemali, kunye nomngcipheko wemali osenokungabonakali kwiingxelo zetyala okanye kwiingxelo zezolwaphulo-mthetho. Ukusetyenziswa okuluncedo kufuna okungaphezulu kunokusebenzisa nje uphengululo lwegama; kufuna ukuchazwa ngocoselelo, ukupha kwemeko, ukuphakanyiswa kolawulo, nokungaqiniseki okusemgangathweni malunga nokugqibelela kogcino-lwazi lwe-lwazi lwe-intanethi. Ngokudibanisa ukufikelela kwiingxelo zenkundla ezisemthethweni kunye noqheliso olulungileyo lokusetyenziswa kwemithetho esemthethweni, iingcali zezomthetho nabantu ngabanye bangenza izigqibo ezithelekelelayo ezithe kratya, ukwenza isivumelwano esithe ngeenkcukacha, ukukhetha iqabane lomsebenzi, okanye ukuvavanyanisa iprojective. Xa kudityaniswa neenkqubo ezikhoyo ezifana ne-Descrectus, kunye nokudiza iingxelo ezizinzileyo, kwaye zikwazi ukuqinisekisa, ngaphandle kolwazi olupheleleyo, ulwazi olupheleleyo.