Table of Contents

I-Indiya imisele amaxhoba anamandla avuselelekileyo anamandla avuselelekileyo, ejolise kwi-500 GW yomthamo wepetroli ongeyofossil ngo-2030 kunye no-zero womnatha ngo-2070. Ukuphumelela kwezi njongo kufuna utyalo olukhulu lwabucala, kwaye izihlomelo zerhafu zivele njengenye yezona zixhobo zisebenzayo kwinkqubo yokuxhobisa intloko-phambili kwimisebenzi yamandla aluhlaza. Xa zilungiselelwe kakuhle, ezi zinyathelo zokwehlisa umthwalo ophezulu, ziphucula iprojekthi yangaphakathi yokubuya, kwaye zenze ukhuphiselo lwemijutha yemipu yepetroli.

Eli nqaku linikeza isikhokelo esibanzi ngendlela amashishini, abaphuhlisi beprojekthi, kunye nabanikazi berhafu abanokusebenzisa ngayo isakhiwo serhafu yeIndiya ukunyusa ukuthunyelwa kwamandla aluhlaza. Ligubungela iindidi ezithile zokhuthazo ezikhoyo, amanyathelo okuzalisekisa, uqwalaselo olucwangcisiweyo, neenzuzo zezoqoqosho kunye nemekobume.

Isiseko Somgaqo - siseko: Ushishino Lwamandla Aluhlaza EIndiya Nendima Yabaxhasi Berhafu

Icandelo elivuselelwayo le-Indiya lifumene ukwanda okungaphezulu kweshumi leminyaka elidlulileyo, liqhutywa yimigaqo exhasayo enjengeNational Solar Mission, ukhuphiswano lokufuna ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zokuthenga ngelanga nomoya, kunye nomgangatho otshayelela ukuthenga ngexabiso eliphezulu. Noko ke, ukusetyenziswa kwemali kuhlala kulucelomngeni olunzima. Iindleko ezinkulu, amaxesha amade okumitha, kunye nomngcipheko ocingelwayo ufuna ukungenelela. Intengiso yerhafu ethetha ngezi zithintelo ngokuphucula ngqo ukutsala kwemali kwimisebenzi eluhlaza, ngaloo ndlela inyusa umthamo kunye nokunciphisa ukuxhomekeka kwizinto ezixhaswayo.

Urhulumente uzise uludwe lweengenelo zerhafu phantsi koMthetho weMali yerhafu, 1961, iSiko soMthetho weNdlela yokuLawula, kunye nemithetho eyahlukeneyo yomgangatho karhulumente. Ezi njongo zihlolwa kwaye zihlaziywa ngamaxesha athile zihlaziywe ukuze zihambelane neenkcitho zamandla ajikelezayo kunye nexabiso lobugcisa. Ukuqonda ummandla wangoku kubalulekile nakweyiphi na iplani ecwangciselwe ukuhlawula amandla ahlaziyekayo eIndiya.

IMimandla kaRhulumente oPhakamileyo kunye neMisebenzi yeSicwangciso soLawulo

  • [[NTL:0] Uqikelelo lwamandla amatsha nanokuvuselelwa (MNRE) – Ubulungiseleli bengxolo yokwenziwa komgaqo-nkqubo kunye nozalisekiso lwenkqubo.
  • [[UMTL:0] I-Arhente yoPhuhliso lwaManzi eIndian (IREDA) – inikezela ngoncedo lwemali kwaye yenza irhafu incede kwimisebenzi ehlaziyekayo.
  • [[NTLA] IKhomishini yoGcino-mbane (CERC) – ibuyisela umva kwaye ikhuthaza ukuhlanganiswa kwamandla okuvuselelwa.
  • Imo yemo yeNodal APPrograms[FLT: 1] – Ufakela izicwangciso ze ntshukumo yombuso ezicacileyo kunye nababhekisi phambili beprojekti.

Kwindlela yakutshanje yokuhlaziywa, abafaki mali kufuneka basoloko betyelela i webhsayithi esemthethweni kunye ne i-A i-[FLT]A portal.

Iintlobo Zokukhuthaza Irhasi Kwimisebenzi Yamandla Aluhlaza EIndiya

IIndiya inika ulwakhiwo lwerhafu olunezinto ezininzi eziquka ukuhlaziywa, ukunyuka okukhawulezileyo, ukuhlawulwa kwerhafu, iityala, kunye nexabiso lerhafu elivunyiweyo. Intshukumisa nganye isebenza injongo ethile kwaye ingadityaniswa ukuze kunyuswe iingenelo. Ngeli ngezantsi luhlolo oluneenkcukacha lwawona malungiselelo anomphumo.

Ukwehlo lexabiso lwexabiso lwe-Ethernet (AD)

Ukwehla kwexabiso elikhawulezayo kuvumela amashishini ukuba afumane intengo ephezulu yexabiso lexabiso lexabiso lemali ehlayo kwimpahla yombane ehlayo kwiminyaka yokuqala yokusebenza. Phantsi kweCandelo 32 loMthetho weMali yeThafu ehlawulwayo, i-AD iluncedo kakhulu kwiinkampani ezinengeniso engundoqo yerhafu, njengoko inika irhafu ebhatalwayo ingeniso ekhawulezileyo.

[[NTL:0] Umzekelo: Inkampani efaka imali eninzi kwisixhobo sokunika amandla elanga ingabiza ukuhlaziywa kwexabiso lexabiso lemali lemali elipheleleyo le-764 crore ngonyaka wokuqala, icutha ityala layo lerhafu nge-61.2 crore (ifaka i-30% yerhafu kunye ne-“i-“ strefre ” kunye ne-ces).

Uthutho lwerhafu phantsi kwecandelo 80-IA

Icandelo 80-IA loMthetho weMali yerhafu engenisa irhafu linika ingeniso yeminyaka eli-10 kwingeniso yerhafu kwimisebenzi yezezibonelelo, kuquka izakhiwo ezinika amandla avuselelekayo. Imisebenzi e- Elingingqi egunyaziweyo emiselwe okanye emva koAprili 1, 1993, kwaye phambi koMatshi 31, 2026, ingafumana intlawulo yengeniso emalunga nekhulu-100-100 kwiminyaka eli-10 elandelelanayo ukusuka kwiminyaka yokuqala eli-15 yokusebenza. Le njongo ifumaneka ngenxa ye-langa, umoya, i-biomas, kunye nemisebenzi emincinci ye-hydrodro.

Inqaku loMthamo: Iholide yerhafu yeminyaka eli-10 ingathatyathwa nakweyiphi na ibhanki yeminyaka eli-10 kwithuba lokuqala leminyaka eli-15. Abaphuhlisi kufuneka bacebe ukucwangcisa unyuso ngocoselelo kunye neminyaka yokufumana ingeniso ephezulu.

Ityala lerhafu (ITC) kunye neziphumo ezinxulunyanisiweyo (PLI)

Ngelixesha iIndiya ingenayo ityala elithe ngqo lerhafu elifana nelemodeli yase-US, iye yasungula isicwangciso sokuPhumeza i-Incentive (PLI) ukwenzela iimodyuli ze-sover PV eziphezulu. Isicwangciso se-PLI sinika izindululo zemali ezisekelwe kwimveliso kunye nokuthengiswa kweemodyuli zelanga, ngokunempumelelo ukuphazamisa ukwenziwa kwemisebenzi yasekhaya. Oku kunciphisa ngandlela-thile ixabiso lemisebenzi yelanga kwaye kukhuthaza udibaniso olusemva.

Ukongeza, urhulumente ubhengeze isicwangciso sokuxhasa iVGF (VGF) ukwenzela umoya wonxweme kunye nogcino lwebhetri, oluthi, nangona lungelotyala lerhafu kwi-se, luphucule iprojekthi kwaye lungadityaniswa nezinye iinzuzo zerhafu.

Ukukhutshwa kwezithethe kunye nokuhlahlela

Ukunciphisa ixabiso elikhulu lezixhobo zamandla ezivuselelwayo, urhulumente ukhuphise okanye ucuthe imisebenzi yamasiko ematshini abavela kwamanye amazwe abasetyenziselwa ukuvelisa ilanga, umoya, kunye neeprojekthi ezinamaphiko ahambayo. Umzekelo, amalungu athile afana neeseli zelanga, ii-injini zomoya, kunye neziguquli zifanele ukuvuselelwa kwexabiso lomsebenzi. Noko ke, urhulumente usungule umsebenzi osisiseko wokusebenza kwezorhwebo ukufudusa iimodyuli zelanga ukukhuthaza ukuvelisa umatshini wasekhaya, ukwenza urhwebo olunentsingiselo ecacileyo phakathi kwexabiso eliphantsi kwentengiso kunye nenkxaso yoshishino. Abaphuhlisi beprojenti kufuneka babale ubuchule bokuvala umphunga omdaka ophezulu phantsi kwesakhiwo sangoku somsebenzi.

Izihlomelo zomgangatho karhulumente

Amazwe amaninzi aseIndiya anikela izikhuthazo ezongezelelekileyo zerhafu, kuquka umsebenzi wezitembu ekuvalweni komhlaba, ekufakweni kombane, kunye ne-GST edintensis ukwenzela imisebenzi yamandla avuselelwayo. Umzekelo, uGujarat unika i-100% yokungangeni kumbane kwimisebenzi yelanga neyomoya iminyaka eli-10. URajastan unika 50% imvume kumbane emsebenzini kwiminyaka elishumi yokuqala, kunye neKarnataka inika inkxaso-mali yemisebenzi engundoqo yemisebenzi emincinane yelanga. Abaphuhlisi kufuneka bajonge kwimigaqo ehlaziya amandla karhulumente ukuze bafumane ezi nzuzo.

Ukusebenzisa Irhafu: Imaphu Eluncedo Kwabaphuhlisi

Ukwandisa isiphumo semali sezikhuthazo zerhafu, ababhekisi phambili beprojekti kufuneka bamkele indlela ecwangcisiweyo. Ngezantsi kunyanzelo lwenyathelo lwesikhokelo esigquma iprojekthi yokulungisa, uxwebhu, kunye nokuthobela.

Inyathelo 1: Ukuvavanya ulwenzo lweprojekti

Asiyiyo yonke imisebenzi yamandla aluhlaza efanelekela zonke izikhuthazo. Abaphuhlisi kufuneka baqinisekise ukuba kuyenzeka ukugqibelela kwinqanaba lokucwangcisa. Imilinganiselo engundoqo iquka:

  • Uhlobo lobugcisa (ilanga PV, ubushushu belanga, umoya, ibhayibhile, ihydro encinci njl.njl.)
  • Umhla wokusebenza (kwi window ezikhankanyiweyo kwicandelo 80-IA)
  • Isakhiwo somnini (umanyano, intsebenziswano, okanye umntu ngamnye)
  • Indawo (ezinye izihlomelo zichanekile kumbuso)
  • Umgangatho womgangatho (izityalo ezincinane ezinamaphiko angaphezulu kwama-25 MW zisenokungalufanelekeli phantsi kocwangciso oluthile)

Ukuncedisa umxhasi werhafu onobuchule obunokuhlaziywa bamandla kubaluleke kweli nqanaba ukuze kuphetshwe ukungalungisi.

Inyathelo lesi-2: Umfuziselo wemali nokwakhiwa

Intengiso yerhafu ekwiprojekthi yemodeli yemali efumana ixabiso lomnatha wokwenyaniso okhoyo (NPV) kunye nomlinganiselo wangaphakathi wokubuya (IR). Ukwehla kwexabiso lexabiso elikhawulezileyo, umzekelo, inempembelelo ephezulu kwiminyaka yokuqala, ngelixa iCandelo lama-80-IA linceda lonke ixesha lokusebenza. Udibaniso olusemgangathweni werhafu yomgcini-mali. Inkampani enemiqathango ephezulu yerhafu isenokukhetha i-AD, ngelixa ukuthengwa kwerhafu yerhafu ekhuhlawulwa yirhafu (Invit) ifumana icandelo 80-IA eliluncedo.

Inyathelo 3: Uxwebhu kunye nogcino

Amagosa erhafu eIndiya afuna uxwebhu olunengxelo enyanzelekileyo ukuxhasa izibhengezo ezikhuthazayo. Amaxwebhu angundoqo aquka:

  • Isatifiketi sokugunyazisa ukusuka kwigunya lombane
  • Ii-invoice zezixhobo eziziko kunye nofako
  • Ingxelo yexabiso leprojekthi ephicothwa ngumgcini-mali oqeshiweyo
  • Ugcino lwengxelo zezityalo
  • Izivumelwano zokuthenga amandla (PPS) neengxelo zombane

Ukungaphumeleli ukugcina iirekhodi ezifanelekileyo kungaphumela ekungavumini ukuhlaziywa nokuhlawulwa. Sebenzisa iinkqubo zogcino-lwazi lwamanani ukuqinisekisa ukuba ukulungele ukuthobela.

Inyathelo 4: Ukubuya Kwerhafu Nokuzibanga Iyingenelo

Izikhuthazo zerhafu zithenjiswa ngokubuyiselwa kwerhafu yengeniso. Ukunyuswa kwerhafu ekhawulezileyo, ukuvingco lwento ekhoyo kwenziwa ngonyaka wokufakelwa, kwaye uhlahlo-lwabiwo lwexabiso luye lwajongwa ngaphezu kobomi be-asethi. KwiCandelo 80-IA, isincopho sithenjiswa ngokufakelwa kwefomu ye 10-CCB kunye nengxelo yophicotho-zincwadi. Ukukhethwa kwebloko yeminyaka eli-10 kufuneka kuboniswe ngokucacileyo ebuyayo. I-software yerhafu yerhafu okanye ibandakanya umcebisi werhafunxa ukuze kulungiswe ixesha elifanelekileyo.

Inyathelo 5: Ukuhlaziywa ngokuHlaziwa komgaqo-nkqubo

Inkqubo yerhafu yaseIndiya yombane oluhlaza iguquka ngokukhawuleza. Umzekelo, kuqingqo-mali lwama-2023-24, urhulumente wandisa ixesha elimiselweyo lemisebenzi ye-80-IA kwimisebenzi yelanga ngoMatshi 31, 2025, kwaye wachaza ukunyuka komlinganiselo wendlela yogcino lwamandla athile. Zibophelele kwizaziso ezivela kwi-Central Board of Directive Coosure (CBDT) kunye ne-MNRE ukuthatha amathuba amatsha nokuphepha imigibelo yokuthobela.

Uphando lwetyala: Ukusetyenziswa kwehlabathi lokwenene kwerhafu exhobisayo

Le mizekelo ilandelayo ibonisa indlela abaphuhlisi abaye bazisebenzisa ngokunempumelelo ngayo izikhuthazo zerhafu ukuphucula iprojekthi.

Isifundo semeko 1: ISikali seMolal Park eRajasthan

Umenzi ozimelayo ozimelayo (IPP) wavelisa i-MW solar paki engama- 250 eRajasthan enexabiso elipheleleyo lemali emalunga ne-6200. Ngokuzibanga uhlaziyo lwexabiso lemali elikhawulezayo (40% yonyaka wokuqala) kunye neCandelo leminyaka eli-10 lama-80-IA kwingeniso, iprojekthi yafikelela kwinkqubela ye-IRR emalunga ne-2, iyenze ibe luncedo ngokwemali ngaphandle kolawulo. Irhafuzelo elidiweyo lihlise iprojekthi esebenzayo nge-15% ngeminyaka emihlanu yokuqala.

Isifundo sesibini: Iprojekthi yamandla omoya eGujarat eneeNhloko-ntle zesizwe

Umbhekisi phambili womhlaba womoya kwiGujarat i-aregirdage yasebenza nge-oyile yombane yeminyaka eli-10 kunye nomsebenzi wesitembu esigunyazisiweyo kwirenti yomhlaba, kunye nokwehla komgangatho ophezulu. Izicelo zombuso zodwa zanciphisa iindleko zokusebenza ngonyaka nge-8%, ngoxa iinzuzo zerhafu ezisembindini zakhawuleza ukuhlawulwa ukusuka kwiminyaka esixhenxe ukuya kweyi-5. Iprojekthi yamiswa njengesithuthi somsebenzi esikhethekileyo (SPV) sikawonke-wonke, nto leyo eyenza ukuba umzali akwazi ukuhlawula iindleko zerhafumsko ezikhuthayo eziziweyo nxamnye nengeniso yayo engundoqo.

Iingenelo Ngaphaya Kokulondoloza Irhafu: Isizathu Sokuba Kube Nengxaki Yokudluliselwa Kwamandla EIndiya

Irhafu inika inzuzo efikelela kude engaphaya kwemisebenzi yezoqoqosho.

Ivula ikomkhulu labucala

Ngokuphucula nokunciphisa umngcipheko, izikhuthazo zerhafu zitsala abatyali-mali berhafu, imali yomhlala-phantsi, kunye notyalo-mali oluthe ngqo lwangaphandle (FDI). IIndiya yafumana ngaphezu kwee-R34 amawaka ezigidi kwicandelo lombane elivuselelwayo phakathi ko-202020 no-2024, ngokwenxalenye exhaswe ngurhulumente ozinzileyo werhafu. Abanikazi berhafu bajonga ukuqiniseka ngerhafu njengelungu elingundoqo kwisivumelwano eside.

Ukuqhuba Umgangatho Wamandla Aluhlaza

Inzuzo zerhafu zinciphisa ixabiso lombane (LCOE) ukwenzela imisebenzi evuselelwayo, iwenza akhuphisane namandla amalahle. Ilanga laseIndiya LCOE sele iwele ngezantsi kwe 76,5 kWh nganye, kwaye izikhuthazo zerhafu zifak' isandla ekuthobeni koku kuncitshiswa kwemali.

Ukukhuthaza Ukusetyenziswa Kwamakhaya

Isicwangciso sePLI kunye nesakhiwo somsebenzi wasekuhlaleni sikhuthaza ukuveliswa kweemodyuli zelanga kunye nemibhobho yomoya. Oku kunciphisa ukuxhomekeka ekungeniseni ngaphandle, kudala imisebenzi, kwaye kuqinisa itsheyina lokunikezela. Abenzi bezindlu bangenelwa kwingeniso yerhafu kwingeniso yokwenziwa kweempahla ezifanelekileyo phantsi kwecandelo 80-IB okanye amalungiselelo afanayo.

Ikhompathimenti yokusingqongileyo

Lulonke ukhuphiswano lwamandla aluhlaza axhaswe ziintshukumisa zerhafu zisusa indawo yamalahle, zinciphisa ukukhutshwa komoya ongcolisekileyo, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamanzi. Umlinganiselo ohlaziyekayo we-Indiya we-180 GW (njengoko ngo-2024) sele uphephe iitoni ezingama-300 ezigidi ze-CO2 ngonyaka. Izihlomelo zerhafu zinyusa lo monakalo ngokusenza unyuso lukhawulezise ngokukhawuleza.

Iingxaki Nobuchule Bokushukuma

Phezu kwazo nje iinzuzo ezicacileyo, abahlawuleli berhafu bajamelana neengxaki eziliqela ekufumaneni nasekufuneni irhafu entle.

Ukuntsonkotha Nokutshintsha Ngokuthe rhoqo

Ikhowudi yerhafu intsonkothile, kwaye izihlomelo zisoloko zinemiqathango yokutshona kwelanga, iimeko zolwandiso, kunye nolwalaselo olunqamlezayo kwamanye amacandelo. Izibhengezo zohlahlo-lwabiwo-mali zingaguqula ixabiso lexabiso lexabiso okanye ukunyuka komlinganiselo wexabiso ngephanyazo. Umsebenzi neqabane lerhafu elisebenzisana nalo elinobuchule obuphinda livuselelwe kwaye ligcine umkhangeli mgaqo wokwenene wexesha.

Ukulibaziseka ekuthunyezweni nasekunconyweni

Izihlomelo ezininzi zibotshelelwe kumhla weprojekthi yokusebenza. Ukulibazisa ekufumaneni umhlaba, ekudibaniseni igridi, okanye unikezelo lwezixhobo lungatyhala iprojekthi ngaphaya kwefestile enika amandla. [[FLT: 0]] Ukutshintsha: Yakha isigcini sethutyana kwimigca yeprojekthi kwaye faka isicelo sokulawula phambili kwimithetho yerhafu kwiSebe lerhafu elingenisa imali.

Ukungavisisani Namagosa Erhafu

Iingxelo zokwehla komgangatho othe rhoqo kunye necandelo 80-IA zisoloko zithe shwaka. Iimpikiswano zingavela ngapha nangapha kwendlela yempahla, ubalo lwengeniso kwishishini elifanelekileyo, okanye ixesha lokunika ingxelo. . gcina uxwebhu olubanzi, ukufumana ii-creams, kwaye uqwalasela ukusebenzisa “izibuko elikhuselekileyo” imithetho yokudlulisela ukuba iyasebenziseka.

Ukungahambelani kwemeko yesizwe

Izihlomelo zemeko zahluka ngokubanzi kwaye zingasuswa okanye zitshintshwe phakathi kwiprojekthi. Ukutshintsha: Ngena kulwazi olubanzi (MoU) norhulumente wesizwe otshixayo kwizihlomelo zexesha leprojekthi kwaye uquka iirejista zesigqibo.

Imbono ethelekisayo: Inkcaza yerhafu yaseIndiya vs. Izenzo ezizizo zonke

Indlela ye-Indiya yokuhlawula umbane oluhlaza ikhuphiswano emhlabeni wonke. Ngelixesha i-US inika ityala lerhafu yemali engaphezulu yama-30% (ITC) kunye nentshukumisa esekelwe kumsebenzi, kwaye amazwe aseYurophu anika ukondliwa kwemiqathango kunye nezivumelwano zekharbon, i-40% yonyuko olukhawulezileyo kunye neholide yerhafu yeminyaka elishumi inika inzuzo elinganayo kwimiba yengeniso ephezulu. Kodwa ke, kukho indawo yokuphuculwa kwerhafunxa: ukusungula ityala elihlawulekayo lokulahlekelwa nokulula inkqubo yokwamkelwa kwemali kusenokukhuthaza ukuveliswa kotyalo. Abenzi bemiqathango abakwiKLAS: 0 [FLT] US ITC imodeli yemali ephezulu

Iingcebiso zabenzi bomgaqo-nkqubo

Ukuze kukhuthazwe impembelelo yerhafu ebangela ukuba i - Indiya ifumane amandla aluhlaza, kucetyiswa ukuba le migaqo ilandelayo:

  • imihla yokutshona kwelanga ekhutshiweyo kwicandelo 80-IA kunye nonyuko olukhawulezileyo lokunika inkxaso yexesha elide elithe ngqo.
  • [[FLT: 0] Ityala lerhafu elihlawulekayo kubaqali-kuqala nababhekisi phambili abakwindawo zelahleko ukuqinisekisa iingenelo ezifikelela bonke abadlali.
  • Ukuthobela kobulula ngokuvumela uhlaziyo olugunyazisiweyo lwemisebenzi eqinisekisiweyo nguMNRE.
  • Izikhuthazo zemeko zeHarmonise [ ngemodeli yemeko ehlaziyekayo yenkqubo yamandla.
  • Izikhuthazo zerhafu eziluhlaza kunye nodweliso oluzayo lwetyala lekharbon ukuyila imisinga eyongezelelweyo yengeniso.

Isiphelo: Igophe Elinamandla Lokufumana Amandla Acocekileyo Kwikamva

Izikhuthazo zerhafu zihlala zisisonye sezixhobo ezinamandla ezikhoyo kurhulumente waseIndiya ukuqhuba utyalo-mandla aluhlaza. Ngokukhuthaza ngenyameko imisebenzi enika iingenelo kunyuko olukhawulezayo, iiholide zerhafu ezingama-80-IA, iiholide zerhafu, iinkonzo zerhafu, ukukhulula kwemali, kunye nemvume-kumgangatho karhulumente, abaphuhlisi beprojekthi bangayiphucula ngokuphawulekayo iprojekthi ebuyayo ngexesha loxa befak ’ isandla kumandla nenjongo yemozulu. Njengoko icandelo elikhulileyo kunye nobugcisa liqhubeka lisihla, indima yerhafunxa-yo iya kuvela, kodwa ukubaluleka kwalo okubalulekileyo kuya kuqhubekeka. Amashishini, abani, abanikazi, nabangenisi-mashishini, nabasebenzi bemithetho-malungiselelo, ukuqonda nokuzibongela la malungiselelo, akuyo nje ukuphumelela kwemali.

Ukufundwa okubhekele phaya ngemigaqo-nkqubo yamandla akhoyo kunye nezindululo zemali, jonga kwi i-Mistry yamandla amatsha nanokubuyiselwa kunye ne-Invest portal ye-Indiya . Ukhokelo lwerhafu yeprojekthi, yenza irhafu efunekayo kunye nobuchule kwicandelo lamandla ahlaziyekayo.