Table of Contents
Isizathu Sokuba Ukuqiqa Kwenkcubeko Kubaluleke Ekukhuthazeni Ubalo
Ukubalwa kwabantu ngempumelelo kuxhomekeke ekuthabatheni inxaxheba ngokuzithandela komntu ngamnye ohlala apho. Kodwa abantu abaninzi basahlala besoyika ngenxa yoloyiko olusekelwe kwimbali yenkcubeko, inkxalabo yobuqu, okanye imiqobo yolwimi. Ukungahoyi oku kungafani akuthethi nje ukuhla kwendlela yokusabela, kwaye akuyichazi inkcazelo ekhokelela ekuxhaseni iinkonzo zezikolo, izibhedlele, iindlela, kunye nokukhulula. Ukuququlunqa kokungaqwayikwinkqele kungaqinisa ukuthemba nokuphelisa kwamaqela afuna ukubala abantu.
I-U.S. Censure Bureau iqaphele ixesha elide ukuba oothunywashe benkcubeko baphembelela ukuthatha inxaxheba. Umzekelo, 2020 inani labasebenzi eliphantsi kwemiba yabemi base-Spayin, Black, kunye noloMdale Merika [, ngokwenxalenye ngenxa yokungathembani ngokwembali kunye nokungaqiniseki kolwimi. Ngokuthetha naba bantu banokuchaphazeleka kwentloko, ukukhuphisa, ukuhlisa inkxalabo, kwaye kwenza imekobume apho wonke umntu aziva ekhuselekile kwaye eshukumbelekile ukuba aphendule.
Ukuchana kwenkcubeko akuthethi ukutshintsha umyalezo ukuze ukholise wonke umntu; kumalunga nokucacisa umyalezo ngendlela ezivumelana ngayo noluntu oluthile. Kufuna ukufunda eyona nto ibalulekileyo kwiqela ngalinye, izithethe zalo, nokusebenzisa imijelo eliyithembayo. Eli nqaku linikela isiseko esibanzi sokukhuthaza ubalo olufanelekileyo olunokwandisa ucoselelo, ukuthembana, kunye nokuzibophelela kwexesha elide.
Ukuqonda Ubuchule Besithethe
Utyekelo lwenkcubeko ludlulela ngaphaya kokuphepha ukukhutyekiswa, kuthetha ukuvuma ngokukhutheleyo ukuba abantu abahlukeneyo banezithethe, imilinganiselo, namava embali ahlukeneyo aphenjelelwa luhlanga, ubuzwe, imvelaphi, okanye ukufuduka. Ezi zinto zichaphazela indlela abantu abazibona ngayo ingqokelela yee-data zikarhulumente efana nobalo lwabantu.
Indima Yemeko Yembali
Imimandla emininzi enemibala eUnited States ineenkumbulo zogcino-lwazi lukarhulumente olusetyenziswayo nxamnye nazo. ITuskegee Syphilis Study, ukusetyenziswa kweminye imida yeMelika ngexesha leMfazwe Yehlabathi II, kunye nokubhaliswa ngokunyanzelekileyo kwamaMelika angamaNdiya angamancinci abangela ukungathembani kwesizukulwana. Kubantu abaphambukeli, uloyiko lungabhekiselele kwinkcazelo enxulumene nokunyanzeliswa koluntu. Xa ukubalwa kwabantu akuthethi ngokucacileyo oku, kubonisa ukungakhathali okanye ukungazi.
Imbono yokhuseleko logcino-lwazi kunye nembono yokhuseleko
Imvelaphi yenkcubeko ikwachaphazela oko abantu bakugqala kuyimfihlo. Kwezinye iindawo, ukwabelana ngenkcazelo yobuqu nabantu ongabaziyo kuyasilela, ngoxa kwezinye kucingelwa ukuba kukhuselekile ukuba urhulumente uyayiqinisekisa. Uphando lwe-PEW lufumanise ukuba 81% yamaMelika avakalelwa ukuba awanako ukulawula ngendlela iinkampani ezisebenzisa ngayo ugcino-lwazi lwazo [, kwaye amaziko karhulumente asoloko ejongene nokungaqiniseki okusemthethweni. Ukunxibelelana ukhuseleko olufana nomxholo 13 we U.S. Codegide, oluthi lwe-Creaunicast Bureaunity lungabelani ulwazi olucacileyo olufunekayo ngomthetho wokugcinwa, kodwa kufuneka lwenziwe ngendlela yenkculo.
Ukungaqiniseki Ngonqulo Nenkcubeko
Umzekelo, ukungaqiniseki ngamalungu endlu okanye ulwalamano loluntu kusenokungqubana namalungiselelo okuhlala kwabantu kwezinye iindawo. Izinto zokufumana ezi nkonzo zifanele zivume ukuba oku kubhaliwe akuwagwebi la malungiselelo.
Izithintelo Eziqhelekileyo Zenkcubeko Zokuba Nenxaxheba
Ukwazi imiqobo ekhethekileyo ejongene noluntu ngalunye kuvumela abaququzeleli ukuba bafakele ngaphandle. Ngezantsi yeyona miqobo ixhaphakileyo, kunye nomongo.
Imiqobo Yeelwimi
Iilwimi ezingaphezu kwama-350 zithethwa kumakhaya ase-U.S. naxa kunikezelwa iifomu zokubalwa kwabantu ngeelwimi ezininzi, abantu abaninzi bahlala apho abanalwazi oluninzi kwezo nguqulelo okanye bakhetha ulwazi oluthethwayo. Ngaphezu koko, kwiqela lolwimi lwezitrato, namagama eengingqi ahlukeneyo. Ukuthembela kuphela kwiinguqulelo ezibhaliweyo kunokuphosa onke amaqela abantu. umgangatho wobulolo, ngokunjalo indlu apho kungekho mntu ongaphezu kweminyaka eyi-14 othetha isiNgesi kakuhle, kunye nezigidi ze-corretals eziphendulayo ezisezantsi.
Ukungathembani Kweziko Likarhulumente
Lo mqobo usoloko ubizwa ngokuphosakeleyo njengongenamdla okanye ubuvila. Enyanisweni, kuyinto esengqiqweni ukusabela kumava okuhlala. Uluntu olumnyama, umzekelo, lukhumbula indima karhulumente kubukhoboka, ukuhlukaniswa kwabantu, nokuvalelwa kwabantu abaninzi. Abantu bamaMelika amantsundu baye banyamezela izivumelwano ezophukileyo kwaye banyanzelwa ukuba banyanzeleke. Iintsapho ezingakwaziyo ukubala abantu zingasetyenziswa ekugxotheni izizalwana. Ukwakha intembelo kufuna ukuvuma le ngxelo ngokunyaniseka kwaye kubonisa ukuba ubalo lusebenza phantsi kokhuseleko olukhethekileyo lwezimfihlo.
Ukuma Kwamalungu Enkcubeko Ekhaya
Izithethe ezininzi zichaza “izindlu” ngokwahlukileyo kwinkcazelo esesikweni yokubala. Iintsapho ezandisiweyo, amakhaya ahlukahlukeneyo, okanye abantu abahlala kwimimandla engeyoyamalungu ahlukeneyo basenokuvakalelwa kukuba i-impeta ayichazi nyani yabo. Ngaphandle kokubuza ngobuchule, zingabashiya abantu bengafani okanye zingasabeli konke konke.
Imfuno ezidaliweyo nezofikelelekayo
Ubuntu obuqhelekileyo buquka ukuqaphela indlela amahlelo aneziphene adibana ngayo nenkcubeko. Abanye abantu banokuba nehlazo ngokubhekiselele kwisiphene esiwathintelayo ekufuneni uncedo okanye ekusebenziseni iifom ezifikelelekayo. Abanye banokuxhomekeka kwiinkqubo zenkxaso ezisekelwe kuluntu kunokuba zibe ziinkonzo ezisemthethweni. Ukubonelela ukuba kuxhomekeke kwinkcubeko nokufikelela kolwazi olukhoyo kunokususa imiqobo efihlakeleyo.
Indlela Yobomi Yonyaka Nowokuhlalisa
Abasebenzi bezolimo, iintsapho zamaMelika amaNdiya afudukela phakathi kwamakhaya asebusika nawasehlotyeni, kunye nabemi abangahlali zihlala phantsi. Izithethe zabo zisenokuxabisa ukuhamba nokuzimela, kodwa ukubalwa kwabantu kuthatha idilesi emiselweyo. Ukufikelela ngentlonelo kufuneka kudibane nabantu apho bekwindawo ephakathi kwe-(-eyemveli) nenkcubeko kunokuba kulindelwe ukuba balandele umzekelo othe ngqo.
Izakhono zoKhuthazo oluCwangcisiweyo
Iindlela ezisebenzayo azinakusetyenziswa ngomlinganiselo omnye. Zixhomekeke kulwazi lwasekuhlaleni, intsebenziswano, nokukulungela ngokwenene ukuvumelana. Ezi ndlela zilandelayo zivunyiwe ukuphucula iqondo lokuphendula kobalo phakathi kwabemi abahlukeneyo ngokwenkcubeko.
Ukuxhasa Iinkokeli Zoluntu Njengabathunywa Abathenjwayo
Iinkokeli zoluntu `iinkokeli zoluntu, ama-imam, abadala besizwe, abaququzeleli bamaqumrhu, iintloko zamaqumrhu ongingqi, abasebenzi abancinane bamashishini---askename ukuba akukho mbutho karhulumente onokufana nawo. Xa zivuma ukuba ukubalwa kwabantu, abalandeli bazo baphulaphule. Abaphathi-mikhosi kufuneka bazichaze ezi nkokeli zingentla, bazishwankathelise ngokucokisekileyo, baze bazinike amandla okubumba esi sigidi. Umzekelo, kuma-202020 CVS, unxulumano namabhunga eebhunga e-Alaskarensi e-om akhokelela ekuphenduleni ingingqini ekude. Undoqo kufuneka zingaziphathi ziphathe iinkokeli zengingqini ezingomgaphone njengengangahlawulwayo kodwa njengamaqabane alinganayo aqonda inkxalabo ezikhethekileyo zengingqi.
Sebenzisa Ibali Elifanelekileyo Lenkcubeko
Kunokuba ichaze izibakala eziqhelekileyo ngemali, bhala amabali avakalayo. Intsapho yase-Vietnam neyaseMelika ingabalisa ngebali elithetha ngendlela ubalo lwabantu oluye lwanceda ngayo ukwandisa ikliniki yempilo yoluntu efumana iintsapho eziphantsi zase-Asia. Ingingqi yase-Somali eMinnesota ingaphendula kwibali elithetha ngomdala wasekuhlaleni ozuzwa ngoku ngenxa yemali eqinisekisiweyo esekelwe kwingxelo echanileyo. Amabali athetha ngokubaluleka kobalo lwabantu abahlala apho.
Zibonelele ngeelwimi ezininzi kunye nezibonelelo ezininzi
Uguqulelo luyimfuneko encinane, hayi ubuchule. Iilwimi ezisetyenziswayo kufuneka zibonise uluntu, hayi nje amaqela amakhulu. Sebenzisa iividiyo, imiyalezo enesandi, imibhalo yefowuni, kunye notoliko lwendlela yokubona ubuso. Kuphephe inguqulelo eziziindlela eziqhelekileyo ezivakalayo ezibonisa isandi esivakalayo. Amalungu oluntu anganceda ekuhlalutyeni iinguqulelo zokwemvelo zobuchule bokudubula nokufaneleka kwenkcubeko. Kwakhona, zinika izinto kushicilelo olukhulu, i-Braille, kunye neefom ezilungiselelwe ukufundwa lula kwabo banemibacuba elilinganiselweyo lesiNgesi okanye abafundi.
Idilesi Yabucala
Musa ukuthand ’ ukucinga ukuba abantu bayazazi iimpendulo zabo ziyimfihlo ngokomthetho. Ngexesha lokufumana imvume, ngokungqalileyo urhulumente: isiHloko 13 soMgaqo-nkqubo woTshenxiso sithintela ukuba kwabelane ngolwazi lobuqu nolunyanzelo lomthetho, amasebe okufuduka, okanye abanikazi bendlu. Gxininisa ukuba akukho mntu /odwa iFBI, i-ICE, okanye amagunya erhafu ayakwazi ukufikelela iimpendulo zabantu ngabanye. Sebenzisa ulwimi olulula: “Umthetho uzigcina ziyimfihlo iimpendulo zakho kwanakwamanye amalungu orhulumente.” Ukudibanisa oku ngemizekelo yasekuhlaleni yokuthembeka, njengenkokeli yoluntu engqina ukuba banentembelo kwinkqubo.
Zihlonele Iziganeko Zonqulo Nezenkcubeko
Ungabi naziganeko zokubalwa kwabantu ngexesha leeholide ezinkulu, amaxesha okuzila ukudla, okanye iimbutho zoluntu ezibalulekileyo ngaphandle kwemvume ecacileyo evela kwiinkokeli zoluntu. Kwanokwenza ingeniso ecacileyo kungakuthatha ngokungenantlonelo ukuba ayihoyi ikhalenda yeqela. Ngaphezu koko, jonga amaxesha afanelekileyo emini. Umzekelo, amanye amaSilamsi asenokukhetha iziganeko zangokuhlwa emva kwamaxesha omthandazo, ngoxa abantu abaninzi base-Latino besabela kakuhle kwiziganeko ezithe veki nganye zentsapho ezithe zaqalisa.
Uncedo Ngokweefomu
Abantu abaninzi abasabeli kuba besoyika ukwenza impazamo. Bancede ngeendawo ezithenjiweyo njengeecawa, amaziko oluntu, amathala eencwadi, okanye kwanangee-panel ezishushu zomnxeba ezisetyenziswa ngabasebenzi abathetha iilwimi ezimbini. Kwezinye iindawo, ukucela uncedo kugqalwa njengehlazo; ukuyenza ibe yinto eqhelekileyo inkqubo. Qeqesha abafundisi ukuba babe nomonde, bangagwebi, kwaye bangazi ukuba bayazi ukuba bayazi ngasese (umz. umz., bengabuzi imibuzo ngamalungu ekhaya kwindawo kawonke-wonke).
Sebenzisa imbonakalo efanelekileyo ngokwenkcubeko
Imeko yemifanekiso. Isiphakamisi esibonisa intsapho enezixhobo zenyukliya elungileyo singazenza zingabi naxabiso kwimibutho edityanisiweyo. Sebenzisa imifanekiso ebonisa iinguqu zokwenene zoluntu(iii-"millitiastyreages", amaqela esithethe, iindawe ezahlukeneyo zolusu, kunye neminyaka eyahlukeneyo. Kuphepheni ukukholelwa kwizinto eziqhelekileyo; qinisekisa imifanekiso eqingqiweyo ukuba inyani kwaye ayifani nemifanekiso yempahla. Xa kunokwenzeka, sebenzisa imifanekiso ekwindawo ohlala kuyo kunye nemvume yasekuhlaleni.
Ukwakha Intembelo Nentshukumisa
Ukuthembana yimali esetyenziswayo xa kuthelekiswa nokubalwa abantu. Ngaphandle kwako, kwanolona macebo alungileyo ayangaphumeleli. Ukwakha intembelo kwenzeka ngokuhamba kwexesha, ngokuzibophelela ngokuzingisa okuya kuqhubeka ngaphambi kokuba kuqaliswe ukubalwa abantu yaye kuyaqhubeka emva kokuba kuphelile.
Yakha Ulwalamano Olude
Musa ukuqala ukuphumeza iiveki ezimbalwa ngaphambi kwexesha. Umsebenzi nemibutho yoluntu unyaka wonke, kwanaxa kungekho kubalwa kwabantu. Le miqondiso ibonisa ukuba amaqumrhu karhulumente anyamekela uluntu ngaphandle kokubala iintloko. I-ofisi ye-U.S. “Udweliso lokunika iziphumo zemali" luye lwafaka ulwalamano oluqhubekayo nemibutho yasekuhlaleni, olunika iingenelo xa ubalo lwe-deccillium lunyuka jikelele.
Yiba Ngocaceyo Malunga Nokusetyenziswa Kogcino-lwazi
Chaza ukuba ugcino-lwazi lokubala lumisela ngokuthe ngqo ukumelelwa kombutho kunye nokunikwa kwamawaka ezigidi zeerandi kwizikolo, iMedicare, uncedo lokutya, iindlela kunye neenkonzo zongxamiseko. Bophelela ezo ingenelo kwinkqubela-phambili yoluntu. Bekela imizekelo ecacileyo: “Ukuba sibala wonke umntu, idolophu yethu iza kufumana ii-$2,000 (iizigidi zeerandi) ngonyaka kwiminyaka elishumi ezayo.” Yenza unxibelelwano lobuqu nokhawulezileyo.
Sebenzisa ku-Person unikezelo ngaphandle lwamaqela anzima- ukuya- ku-ethe rhoqo
Iposi kunye nempendulo ye-intanethi ayanelanga kuluntu olunonikezelo olusezantsi okanye oluhambayo oluphezulu. Ukucangca ngesango ukuya kwisango eliya kumnyango oqeqeshiweyo ngamalungu oluntu athetha ulwimi lwasekuhlaleni kwaye ahlonela izithethe zenkcubeko zingayandisa ngokuphawulekayo. Kwi 2020 Censurection, iNonrespronest Sup Prosoup Examp ethunyelwe entsimini, kodwa iziphumo ezingcono zavela kuqeshiweyo zasekuhlaleni ezazisele zinolwalamano nongingqini nongingqi. Cinga “iiintelela iinkqubo eziphathiswayo” ezidibanisa iilaphu zeziganeko zoluntu.
Imibutho esekelwe kuluntu
Amaqela asebenza ngezixhobo ezisetyenziswa ekuhlaleni asele enceda abantu ngezantsi, iibhanki zokutya, iikliniki, ii-ofisi zeembacu, ii-orecutes ezingezizo ingeniso. Le mibutho ikho kwaye iyakwazi ukukhuthaza ukubala abantu ukuba bangene kwiinkonzo zayo ezithe rhoqo. Zixhobise ngezinto zokuzixhobisa, ziqeqeshe, zixhase inkxaso.
Zilungiselele Amathuba Akhuselekileyo Okubuza Imibuzo
Abantu abaninzi baziva beneentloni ukuvuma ukuba abaqondi ukuba bangabalwa okanye banoloyiko lweziphumo. Abaququzeleli “bandlu evuliweyo” iziganeko apho abantu benokubuza khona nasiphi na umbuzo ongaziwayo. Zithumele ezi ziganeko ngabaqondisi abanolwazi olufanelekileyo lwenkcubeko abakwaziyo ukuchaza imithetho entsonkothileyo ngolwimi olucacileyo. Sebenzisa ibhokisi yemibuzo kwimixholo erhashazayo. Yilandelele i-FAQ ebhalwe ngolwimi lwasekuhlaleni.
Ukuphumelela Nokuphuculwa Okuqhubekayo
Ubuntu-ntle benkcubeko asiyiyo i-CPF yexesha elinye; kufuneka uhlolo oluqhubekayo nohlengahlengiso. Abaququzeleli kufuneka baqokelele ingxelo evela kumaqabane oluntu kunye nabathathi-nxaxheba ukuchaza oko kusebenzayo noko kufutshane.
Izinga lempendulo yengoma ngejografi kunye ne Demographics
Sebenzisa imaphu yobalo-manani yodwa ye-Breau ngexesha lokudweliswa kwemida ukubona ukuba zeziphi imimandla enentsabelo ephantsi. Emva kokuba ubhaliso lolwahlulo-manani luthe lwahlolwa, uhlalutya iqondo lokungalinganiyo ngokohlanga, ubuhlanga, kunye neqela lolwimi ngokusebenzisa uphando olufana novavanyo lwePost-Enumeric. Olu gcino-lwazi lungazisa ikamva lamacebo okufumana iziphumo.
Ukuqokelela iQumrhu
Thetha neenkokeli zasekuhlaleni kunye nabemi basekuhlaleni emva kokudibana. Ziziphi izinto ababesazixhalabele? Ziziphi iziqhagamshelanisi ezabe ziphumelela kakhulu? Yiyiphi ihambo ejolise kumaqela eelwimi ezingezo isiNgesi. Thetha iimpazamo njengamathuba okufunda. Umzekelo, ukuba intlanganiso yenkcazelo yabakho kancinci, buza ngqo ukuba ixesha, indawo, okanye indlela yokulungisa yayiyiyo le mbambano.
Ziqhelanise Nemiqolo Yexesha Elizayo
Iinguqu zenkcubeko ezisebenzayo------amaqela amatsha afudukayo ayafika, iinketho zokhetho lolwimi, ukuthembana nokuhamba. Izifundo zoxwebhu zinokudluliselwa lula kumaqela okubala angaphandle kwixesha elizayo. Yenza “incwadi yokudlala okunengqiqo kwemihlathi” kuluntu ngalunye olungundoqo, kuquka ulwazi lokuqhagamshelana nabantu abaphambili, iziqhagamshelanisi ezikhethwayo zonxibelelwano, kunye nomongo wembali. Olu lwazi lweziko luqinisekisa ukuqhubekeka kwanokuba abasebenzi bajika.
Isiphelo
Ukuthetha inkcubeko xa kukhuthazwa ukubalwa kwabantu akuyonto ibalulekileyo, kodwa kuyimfuneko ukuze kuveliswe ubalo olupheleleyo noluchanekileyo. Ngokuqonda imbali, uloyiko, neenkolelo ezahlukeneyo ezibumba ulwalamano lwengingqi nganye norhulumente, ukufikelela kusenokusuka kwimiba eqhelekileyo ukuya kwimiba enyanisekileyo. Iinkokeli ezithembekileyo, ukusebenzisa amabali anxulumene nenkcubeko, ukulungiselela ubuncwane obuneelwimi ezininzi, kunye nezenzo zonqulo zibonisa intlonelo nolwakhiwo olufunekayo ekuthabatheni inxaxheba.
Iingenelo zidlulela ngaphaya komjikelo omnye wobalo lwabantu. Xa abantu beziva beviwe yaye behlonelwa, basenokubandakanyeka kwezinye iinkqubo zoluntu, ukusuka ekuvoteni ukuya ekufuneni uncedo lukawonke-wonke. Indlela echubekileyo yokubala iguqula imbopheleleko yobundlobongela ekubeni negunya lokunika amandla kunye nokusebenzisana. Abaphathi abaqokelela ulwazi nokuqhelanisa nenkcubeko abazukufumana iimpendulo ezingcono kuphela, kuya kunceda ekuchachebeni ukuma ixesha elide nokuqinisa ibala lentlalo kwiminyaka ezayo.