Ingxaki Yokumela Nesithembiso Solawulo

Ulawulo lwedemokhrasi kulo lonke ihlabathi lujongene nempikiswano. Oku kuqhawula ulawulo lwedemokhrasi olungcono, olunxulumene ngakumbi, kwaye lufumana ulwazi oluninzi kunalo nasiphi na isizukulwana embalini. Kodwa, kukholose ngamalungiselelo asesikweni karhulumente //paraliaments, amaqela ezobupolitika, kunye namabureaucraccacy. / kwaye kuthe shwaka kakhulu phantse kuyo yonke idemokhrasi emiselweyo. Oku kuqhawula phakathi kwabalawulwayo nabalawuli kunye nabo balawulayo badala ikhefu eliyingozi. Kulo liqukuqela le populism, ukungakhathali kwezenteko, okanye ukungazikhathaleli kwebutho labantu ngokubanzi. Ukubuyisela ukufaneleka kwesigqibo sokwenza izigqibo kufuna ukucingisiswa kwendlela abahlali kunye nesizwe norhulumente.

Ukuthabatha inxaxheba kwengingqi kunika indlela esebenzisekayo nefanelekileyo yokuphuma kule ngxaki. Ihamba ngaphaya kwesenzo sokuvota ngamaxesha athile, ngokuzibophelela phakathi koluntu kunye namaziko ayo. Xa yenziwe kakuhle, inkqubo yokucalucalula abenzi nje bavakalelwe; baphucula umgangatho wezigqibo, baphucula ukuphendula, baphinde baphinde baphinde balungise ingubo yentlalo emanyanisa ibutho labantu. Iinkokeli zoluntu kunye nabenzi benkqubo, ukwakha i-eaccentirictical elungeleleneyo akuseyo into elindelekileyo.

Abathathi - nxaxheba Kubemi Abaneenjongo Eziluncedo

Isiphumezi sokuthabatha inxaxheba kubemi sidla ngokuchazwa ngokweenjongo zedemokhrasi. Nangona le meko iqhelekileyo ivakala, zikho izizathu ezivakalayo ezinyanzelisayo zokuba oorhulumente bafake ingeniso kwisiseko sobuchule bokuzibonelela.

Ubunjani Bolwazi Neentlobo Ngeentlobo Zeentsholongwane

Inkqubo kawonke wonke ingundoqo ekucombululeni iingxaki. Ukwenza izigqibo eziphezulu eziphezulu kudla ngokungaphumeleli ngenxa yokuba lungafumani mvumelo kuluntu olubanjwe ngabantu abahlala phambili. Iziphumo zezobugcisa zikho ngobuchule obuthi abasebenzi belizwe kunye nabezobupolitika bangabi njalo. Imo yentsebenziswano . "Iindawo eziphakathi" njengebhodi zoluntu okanye iivekthi zoshishino zoluntu"ukuvelisa umjelo olulungeleleneyo lolwazi ukuze lungene kwinkqubo yolawulo. Isiphumo yinkqubo ekwayamkeleka ngakumbi kwiimeko zeli hlabathi kwaye ingenakwenzeka kangako ukuvelisa iziphumo ezingathandekiyo.

Ukuphendula nokulawula

Ingxaki yesikhulu segosa ixhaphakile kwimibutho emikhulu, kwaye urhulumente akayedwa. Amagosa aqwalaselweyo kunye nabaphathi-mikhosi bangafuna izilangazelelo ezisuka kwintle zikawonke-wonke. Umsebenzi wobumi osebenzayo njengovavanyo olubalulekileyo kolu tyekelo. Xa abemi bemi benokuma okusemthethweni nokufikelela kolawulo olusemthethweni, iiprojekthi zophicotho-zincwadi, kunye neenkonzo zovavanyo, ixabiso lorhwaphilizo kunye nokungakhuliseki komsebenzi woburhulumente, zinyuka ngokuphawulekayo.

Umthetho nomanyano

Imithetho nemigaqo idla ngokuhlonelwa kakhulu xa abantu abaphantsi kwabo benethuba lokwenene lokuyila ukwenziwa kwabo. Lo mgaqo wobulungisa obuqhelekileyo ubhalwe kakuhle ngaphaya kophando lwenzululwazi yentlalo. Inkqubo ebekwe phezulu, kungakhathaliseki ukuba iluncedo kangakanani na, iza kumelana nokuchasana, imingeni esemthethweni, kunye nobuchule bokudlala obusuka kwabo bachaphazelekayo. Ngokuchasene noko, inkqubo eyaphuhliswa ngenkqubo ecacileyo nequkayo inandipha iqulatho lomthetho elinobuchule elinceda ukuphunyezwa ngokunempumelelo kunye nenani eliphezulu lezenzo zokuzithandela.

Ukuhlalisana kweNtlalo noLuntu

Amava okusebenza kunye ukusombulula ingxaki enye abangela ukuba ikomkhulu lentlalo likwazi ukumelana neengxaki zentlalo-ntle, izithethe, kunye nokuthembana okwenza ukuba kubekho intsebenziswano edibeneyo. Kwimimandla eyahlukeneyo, i-arhente, i-arhente ye-athom isebenza njengendawo yokufumana umahluko, ingxuba-ngquzulwano, kunye nokufumana iindawo ezifanayo. Le yimisipha efuna ukuba abantu bamelane neemeko ezinzima. Ingingqi yekomkhulu iyakwazi ukuchachacha ngokukhawuleza kwiintlekele zemvelo, ilungele ukuqhelanisa nokudodobalaza kwezoqoqosho, kwaye ayichaphazeki kakhulu ekudisweni kwezoqoqosho.

Ubuchule Bokwenza Idinga: Ukusuka Kulwazi Ukuya Kufumana Umandla

Asikuko konke ukuthabatha inxaxheba okudalwe ngokulinganayo. Ukwakha ubuchule obunempumelelo, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokuganana zifeza iinjongo ezahlukeneyo kwaye zithwala amaqondo ahlukeneyo olawulo lwabemi. Urhulumente owazisa nje abemi okanye ofuna nje impendulo yabo uqhelisela umzekelo owahlukileyo wolawulo kunalowo abathumeli abanegunya lokwenza izigqibo kubantu ngokubanzi.

Ukubhala, Ukubuza Nokuphulaphula

Kumgangatho wesiseko, urhulumente unembopheleleko yokuba ngocace gca. Ugcino-lwazi lokupapasha, iintlanganiso ezikhoyo, kunye nokugcina iingxelo zikawonke-wonke ezifikelelekayo ziyimfuneko ukuze kubonwe naluphi uhlobo lokuphendula. Ngaphandle kokubonisana, ukunxibelelana nemigaqo-nkqubo yengingqi (ukuva, amagqabaza, kunye nohlolisiso) urhulumente uvumela ukuqokelela igalelo kubaphulaphuli ababanzi. Umngcipheko oyintloko walo didi kukungaqiniseki. Xa abemi bechitha iiyure belungiselela okanye besabela kuhlolisiso kuphela ukubona ukungenwa kwabo, ukuncitshiswa kwabo kunzulu kunokuba kunciphe.

Ubhaqo kunye nokuQhelanisa

Iinkqubo zolwaphulo-mthetho zimela inyathelo elibalulekileyo kumandla ommi kunye nembopheleleko yequmrhu. Amaqumrhu afana neentlanganiso zejaji zabemi, ukuvota okungenamdla, kunye neendibano zabemi ezikhoyo zisebenza ngomgaqo ocacileyo: abathathi-nxaxheba abathethi nje ngokuvakalisa uluvo oluyilwe kwangaphambili; bafunda ngembambano, ukuva kweengcali nabaxhasi, nokungqubana nokungaqhubi korhwebo ngengxoxo elula noontanga babo.

Ezi nkqubo zimiselwe kakuhle ukuqhubana noko iingcali zezobupolitika zikubiza ngokuba "zingxaki ezingendawo"", i-issues ezibandakanya ukuphuma korhwebo oluntsonkothileyo, iimbambano ezinzulu zexabiso, kunye nomgangatho ophezulu wokungaqiniseki ngobuchule. Amalungelo okususwa kwesisu, inkqubo yemozulu, utshintsho lokhetho, kunye nesiphelo senyameko yobomi yimizekelo ebalaseleyo. Ngokunika iqela elikhethiweyo, abameli bexesha kunye noovimba boluntu abamele ukufikelela umgwebo onolwazi, oorhulumente bangatsalela kwiqulatho lobulumko obusoloko buqwalaselwe phezulu nangaphantsi kwentetho kawonke-wonke. Xa oorhulumente bebo bungqina besebenzisa okanye besabela ngokusesikweni kwizincomo ezinjalo, bahamba besuka ekuthetheni ixesha kunye nezixhobo zokwenyaniso.

Ukwenziwa komsebenzi kunye nolawulo lwengingqi

Uhlobo olunzulu lokuthabatha inxaxheba lubandakanya kungekuphela nje abemi ekugqibeni inkqubo, kodwa ekuyiyileni nasekuyidluliseleni. Iimodeli zomsebenzi wobugcisa ziyaqonda ukuba iinkonzo zikawonke-wonke azizizinto nje ezinikezelwa kubathengi abangasebenziyo. Ziziphumo ezidalwe kunye ziingcali kunye nabemi abasebenza kunye. Uluntu, uqingqo-mali lokwahlukana, kunye neenkqubo zenzululwazi zingumzekelo wonke wokuvelisa impumelelo. Kulo mzekelo, indima karhulumente iyaguquka ekubeni ngumnikezeli we-facioli, umgcini-mvumeli kunye nogxaleli.

Izithintelo Zokwakha Ukuze Kube Nenxaxheba Enenjongo

Umahluko phakathi kwesithembiso sokuba nenxaxheba nento eyinyaniso udla ngokuba mkhulu.

Ukulala nokufunxa umbane

Iinkqubo zokuthatha inxaxheba azisebenzi kwi-athom. Zichanekile phakathi kwebutho eliphawulwe kukungalingani okunzulu kobutyebi, isimo, kunye nobuchule boququzelelo. Iminqweno elungelelanisiweyo nabaququzeleli abangoochule kunye noqingqo-mali oluninzi zixhotyiselwe bhetele kakhulu ukulawula iindlebe okanye amagqabaza kunamaxesha aphantsi kolawulo oluphantsi komgangatho. Ngaphandle komgudu wamaqumrhu ukuxhasa nokuxhasa phantsi kwamazwi akhoyo, inxaxheba ingawaqinisa lula amandla akhoyo. Le nto, eyaziwa ngokuba "kukufumana," yeyona ndlela ingapheliyo yolawulo lobugqeqesho.

Ukudinwa Kwezibonelelo Nokudinwa

Ukuthabatha inxaxheba okunyanisekileyo kuyabiza. Kufuna iindawo ezifikelelekayo, iindawo zokuhlala, ukunyamekela abantwana, iinkonzo zoguqulelo, kunye nembuyekezo yabezentlalo. Xa oorhulumente besoloko becelwa igalelo lobungqina, ngokungaqondi bakhetha abo banexesha lokuphumla nentembelo yoluntu ukuba babe nenxaxheba ngokukhululekileyo. Ngokufuthi abaphambukeli, abafundi, okanye abaxhasi abangoogqirha. Ngokuzenzekelayo, abemi bajamelana "ukudinwa ngokudinwa" xa becelwa rhoqo ukuba bafumane igalelo ngaphandle kokubona iziphumo eziphathekayo.

Ukuxhathisa kolawulo nokhuseleko

I-Bureacracy ingamaziko ahlala ephila ngesiqhelo. Iinkqubo ezisesikweni zokusebenza ezivumela umbutho omkhulu ukuba usebenze zisoloko zichasene nobubhetyebhetye nokungafihli nto okufunekayo ngokuthabatha inxaxheba lokwenene. Izicaka zamakhaya zingamelana namanyathelo okuzibonela ngokwahlukana kuba ziwagqala njengesisongelo kubuchule bazo, imvelaphi yolibaziseko, okanye isivulo sokuphazamisana nezobupolitika. Ukulwa kokuchasa kwangaphakathi kufuna ukhokelo olunamandla olusuka phezulu, ubuchule obunika umvuzo, kunye neenkqubo zokuqeqesha ezixhobisa amagosa kawonke ngobuchule obufunekayo ekuyileni nasekulawuleni iinkqubo zezonyango.

Ubuxhakaxhaka njengesixhobo sokulawula nokubeka iliso

Ubugcisa bamanani buye bandisa ngokuphawulekayo isixhobo esikhoyo sokubophelela abami. Kodwa ke, buvelisa indlela entsha yomngcipheko ekufuneka uphethwe ngayo ngononophelo. Ubugcisa asiyoqonga elingoondilele; bungumoya obumba uhlobo lokuthabatha inxaxheba ngokwalo.

Iinguqu zamanani zoMhlawulelo

Uphando lweqonga oluvulekileyo olufana noDecidim (ephuhlisiwe eBarcelona) kunye noConsul (ekhuliswe eMadrid) luye lwamkelwa ngamakhulukhulu ezixeko ehlabathini jikelele, lunika abemi ithuba lokucebisa, ukuphikisana, kunye nokuvota kwiinkqubo zikamasipala. Iqonga leTaiwan lisebenzisa isixhobo sovavanyo sokudwelisa i-Pol.is ukuzobamba nokuntywilisela i-frigence phakathi kwamawaka abathathi-nxaxheba kwimiba entsonkothileyo. Ezi zixhobo zibonisa ukuba ukuthatha inxaxheba ngomatshini akunyanzelekanga kupheleli ekudibanisweni "njenge" amaqhosha okanye imisonto egqabatha. Ngokuyila ngobuchule bonxulumano olucacileyo nokwenza isigqibo, amanani angavumela ukuhlolwa okunentsingiselo kwimibalwa okungenakufikelele kwimibango yentlanganiso yentlanganiso kuphela.

Ukwahlula Amanani Nemithetho Yomthetho

Ukuxhomekeka kwizixhobo zamanani ngokukhawuleza kunyusa inkxalabo yokungatshintshi. "Ulwahlulo lwecandelo" alukho nje ekufikeleleni kwi-hardware kunye ne-intanethi; luquka ukufunda nokubhala, ukuthemba iilwimi, kunye nokuthembela kwiinkqubo ze-intanethi. Ukuxhomekeka kakhulu ekufakeni amanani kunganqandwa ukuba kungadibani nabantu abadala, amahlwempu, kunye nabantu abahlala kunye nabanokuxinana okulinganiselweyo. Ngaphezu koko, imigaqo-algoriththi yemithetho yokuba la maqonga angabi nanxaxheba. Benza ukhetho malunga noko kuqulethwe yi-data kunye ne-algracticism, indlela yokubona imiba. La maxabiso aphezulu aphezulu anokubekwa phantsi kwemiqatha nemifanekiso emele iqwalaselwe uphando lwedemo-demokhrasi. Ngaphezu koko, imiyalelo ecacileyo yokuthatha iprojective nge-ographicism.

Ukuququzelela: Ukuthatha Inxaxheba Kurhulumente

Ingcwaba lolawulo olulungileyo lizele yimisebenzi yomqhubi wenqwelo-moya engazange aphumelele ukulinganisela okanye ukusinda kutshintsho lwezopolitiko. Ukuze ummi athathe inxaxheba kuvavanyo lokwexeshana, kufuneka ifakwe kwisiseko esisisigxina sombuso.

Ukuhlaziywa Kwabantu Okusemthethweni noKwandiswa

Ezona nkqubo zihlala zihleliyo zezi nesiseko esisemthethweni. Imithetho efuna uxilongo lukawonke-wonke kwiindidi ezithile zezigqibo, eziyalela ukudalwa kwamaqumrhu obungameli, okanye eziqinisekisa indima yoqingqo-mali lokwahlukana kumjikelo woqingqo-mali wonyaka idala isakhiwo esingenakukhutshwa lula ngumphathi omnye. Umthetho wesizwe waseBrazil kwibhunga lenkqubo yokuzifunela ngokwahlukeneyo kunye nemfuneko ye-European Union yokunxibelelana noluntu kwizicelo ezingundoqo ezingundoqo zomthetho wolawulo lomthetho woqingqo lwabiwo-mali yimizekelo yokungaqeshwa.

Imali enikezelwayo kunye nobuchule bobugcisa

Ukuthabatha inxaxheba kufuna uqingqo-mali. Iiofisi zabezomsebenzi abazahluleleyo, njenge-Ofisi yoGunyaziso loLuntu kwiNdlu emhlophe okanye iSebe LezoMmandla eMbindi-wonke eLos Angeles, zinika ubuchule bombutho ofunekayo wokuyila, wokusebenzisa kunye nokuvavanya amanyathelo okunika ingcebiso. Ezi ofisi kufuneka zisetyenziswe ziingcali ezinobuchule ekuchaneni, izigqibo zemfazwe, uhlalutyo logcino-lwazi, kunye nokulungelelaniswa kwebutho labantu. Ukuthatha inxaxheba njengobuchule obukhethekileyo bobugcisa obukhethekileyo kunokudityaniswa nomsebenzi okhoyo wabakhonzi bamakhaya abakhathalayo kuyafuneka ukuze kuphumelele.

Isithethe Sokufunda Nokusebenzisana

Akukho nkqubo yokuzingcayo igqibelele okokuqala. Ukwakha inkqubo yokuziphatha yokulawula kufuna ukuzibophelela ekufundeni. Oku kuthetha ukuqhuba uvavanyo olungqongqo lwenkqubo yokuganana, ukupapasha iziphumo, kunye nokulungisa uqheliselo ekuphenduleni impendulo evela kubo bonke abathathi-nxaxheba nakumagosa asekuhlaleni. Oorhulumente kufuneka bakulungele ukuvavanya, ukungaphumeleli, nokungathobeli. Oku kukuphambuka kwesithethe ekuchaneni nomngcipheko wokuphepha nokuchanabeka kobuntu ekujoliseni kwinkcaso ekufundeni nasekubeni kwimpembelelo.

Ukubonakaliswa Kwamatyala Abonisa Amandla Abami

Ingcamango yokulawula ngokwezigaba iqondwa kakuhle ngelens yamava ekonkrithi. Iimeko eziliqela ezivela kulo lonke ihlabathi zibonisa ukutshintsha kommi omiselwe kakuhle.

Indibano yeNdibano yabemi base-Ireland notshintsho lomgaqo-siseko

Mhlawumbi owona mzekelo ubalaseleyo wendibano yabemi ethetha ngqo, impembelelo engenakuxhonyekiselwa kwimithetho yesizwe yiNdibano ye-Ireland ye-University of 2016-2018. Iqela elikhethiweyo labemi abangama-99 labekwa ityala lokuqwalasela imibandela emininzi ephikisanayo, kuquka ukuqhomfa, ukutshintsha kwemozulu, nendima yamabhinqa kubomi boluntu ngokubanzi. Kwiimpelaveki, indibano eviwe ziingcali, amaqela e-advocacy, kunye nabantu abanamavayo. Ingcebiso lawo lapapashwa kwaye lanikelwa kwiPalamente yase-Ireland. Indibano, incophonononga yokuvala ukuqhomfa komfa, yabekwa ngqo kwi-rentelo yesizwe, eyadlulayo nge 66% yevoti. Le meko inika ubungqina obunamandla, inika ulwazi oluqhelekileyo, nenkcazelo olufanelekileyo, kwimibandela efuna ulwayo, kwimicimbi emininzi yebutho.

Uqingqo-mali olunenxaxheba ePorto Alegre, eBrazil

Ukususela ngo-19, isixeko sasePorto Alegre savelisa umzekelo woqingqo-mali (PB) obengumqondiso wokulawula izithuba zomhlaba wonke. Abahlali kwiindibano zobume bagqiba ngqo indlela yokwabela inxalenye yoqingqo-mali kamasipala. Iziphumo zaba nkulu: ebudeni beminyaka elishumi, ipesenti yeentsapho ezifumana iinkonzo zamanzi yanyuka ukusuka kuma-80% ukuya kuma-98%, kwaye ipesenti yeenkonzo zokulahla inkunkuma yanyuka ukusuka kuma- 46% ukuya kuma-85%. Inkqubo ye-PB yanika amandla aphantsi kobuqhetsekene, yanciphisa urhwebo, yaza yaphucula ubuchule borhwebo lukawonke wonke. Ngoxa inkqubo yocwangciso lwazo lwezopolitiko yajamelana neengxaki zezobupolitika kwaye yaphelelwa kwimpembelelo kwiminyaka eyalandelayo, ifashoni yayo ingumsebenzi womhlaba wonke namhlanje ohlanganisa amawaka ezixeko.

Inkqubo yedemokhrasi yamanani yaseTaiwan

ITaiwan ivelise enye yezona ndawo zintsonkothileyo ezithatyathelw' igalelo kwi-ecultures ehlabathini. I-vTawan, evezwe ngokusebenzisana noluntu lwezobugcisa, isetyenziselwa ukwakha izivumelwano kwimibandela ehamba ngomthetho ukusuka kwi-Uber ne-Airbnb ukuya kwimivo yamanani yemali egawulwayo. Le nkqubo iqala ngexesha elivulekileyo kwingxoxo ye-Forum, ilandelwa kukusetyenziswa kwesixhobo sokuhlola i-Pol.is, esisetyenziswayo ngokwembonakalo yeemaphu kwimimandla yesivumelwano kunye nokungavumelani. Iziphumo ziboniswa kwintlanganiso yoomatshini abafaka imente namagosa karhulumente, abathi basebenzise indlela ecacileyo yokulungisa inkqubo, ebonisa indlela eboniswa ngendlela yokulungisa izixhobo zokulungisa i-projectal-mentings.

Isiphelo: Isiko eliqhubekayo loLawulo

Ukuba nenxaxheba kubemi asiloluhlu nje olulula lwezixhobo okanye indlela yonxulumano noluntu. Kuyindlela esisiseko yokulawula evuma ukuba ulwazi, umgwebo, kunye nesebe lobukho bommi lufanelekile kwaye lunexabiso. Ukwakha inkqubo yokuphatha imilinganiselo yokuziphatha ngokuthabatha inxaxheba kufuna ukuba ingeniso exhaswe kwizibonelelo zezemfundo, ukuvuma ukwabelana ngegunya, kunye nokuzimisela ukufunda ngokungaphumeleli.

Ucelomngeni olujongene nolawulo lwale mihla ````ii-cliate'', ukuphazamisana kobugcisa, ukungalingani, kunye nokungabi nakugqibelela-hlala-phantsi','kunzima kakhulu ukuba nawuphi na urhulumente asombulule yedwa. Bafuna ubuchule, ubuchule, namandla asasazeke bonke abemi. Ngokudala ubuchule, nokusebenzisa imijelo enamandla ukuze bangenelele, oorhulumente abanako ukubuyisela ukuthembana nokufumana igunya kodwa bangenza izigqibo ezithe tyebileyo. Impilo yedemokhrasi ekugqibeleni ilinganiswa kungekuphela nje ngobulungisa bonyulo lwabo, kodwa ngomgangatho wencoko eqhubekayo phakathi kwelizwe nabantu ekufuneka basebenze.