Ukuqonda Iingxabano Ezibangel ’ Umdla Kukuva Iindlebe Kwabaphathi

Iindlebe zolawulo zisisigxina sokulawula okungachaphazelekiyo, siqinisekisa ukuba izigqibo ezichaphazela abantu kunye namashishini zenziwe ngokusesikweni, ngokucace, nangaphandle kwemida yomthetho. Ukusuka kwilayisensi yokurhoxiswa kwemithetho ukuze kungenelwe impikiswano, ezi ziganeko zinamandla amakhulu phezu kobomi nokuthemba uluntu. Kodwa inkqubo yonke ixhomekeke kwintsika enye ebuthathaka: ukungabi nalucalucalucalulo. Eli nqaku limele landise iminqweno yobuqu yomntu ngamnye, "ifenacial, okanye i-synthesial, okanye i-scineantions, okanye i-sethinianmentssss, i-activessssss, inzala, enoba yenyani, okanye i-ebeka, imele isetyenziswe ngokuchaphandle. Eli nqaku linwe kwizinto ezibonisa i-dioccono, ukutyhilation, kunye nokuphatha imicimbi yemithetho.

Indalo Neentlobo Zengxabano Ezibangela Umdla

Kuphakama ingxabano yomdla xa izilangazelelo zobuqu zomntu ngamnye `i-monatery, i-familial, okanye ingcaphephe-lwazi-engakuphembelela ngokungafanelekanga ukusebenza kweembopheleleko zabo ezisemthethweni. Kwimeko yolawulo, ezi ngxabano azisoloko ziphelele; zikho ngokwamaqela. Ukuqonda iindidi ezintathu eziqanjiweyo kubalulekile:

  • Impi - mfazwe yomthetho yomdla: Umenzi wesigqibo unomdla ngqo, onokufumaneka kwiziphumo zokuva. Umzekelo, igosa elivayo lineshem kwiqumrhu elingumbutho ohamba phambili.
  • Iimeko ezikhoyo ezinokukhokelela kwingxabano kwixesha elizayo. Umzekelo ngumxhasi oqabane lakhe lifake isicelo sokhuphiswano ukuze lifumane isivumelwano esinokuthi sichaphazeleke kwiziphumo zendlebe.
  • Impixano ecacileyo yomdla: nokuba akukho lukhethe, umqwalaseli osengqiqweni angagqiba kwelokuba ukungacaluli kusenokulalaniswa. Ilungu lebhodi elimiselweyo elalisebenza njengomcebisi ohlawulwayo kwelinye lamaqela lidala imbonakalo yekhethe, kungakhathaliseki ukuba ilungu linyanisekile.

Iindlebe zolawulo zisoloko zibandakanya izigqibo eziphezulu ezifana nokunika imvume, ukunika intlawulo, okanye ukukhanyela iingenelo. Uludwe lweziphene lubanzi: ukudideka kwemali (umnini-ndlu, utyalo-mali, amatyala), ulwalamano lobuqu (ooomhlobo abasenyongweni, abahlobo bezobupolitika), ngaphambi kokuba ube nenxaxheba kwityala (njengomphikisi, umxhasi, okanye ummeli), okanye kwanezikhundla ezinamandla zengqondo ezithatyathwe ekuthethwa ngazo ekuhlaleni. Iinkokeli kufuneka zikhangele kwakhona “ukuchasana” apho umenzi wesigqibo anokungenelwa ukuba iqela lilahle uxanduva qhatho olulandelayo.

Imigangatho esemthethweni

Ukumisela ungquzulwano lwenzala asingomsebenzi nje womsebenzi olungileyo; ngumthetho kunye nomthetho osemthethweni. Ngaphaya kwemithetho, imimiselo nemithetho yendlela yokuziphatha imisela imida yokuziphatha okwamkelekileyo. EUnited States, icandelo le-Administrative Procedure Act (A) limisela iimfuno zesiseko, kodwa amaqumrhu amaninzi asebenza phantsi kwemimiselo eneenkcukacha ezininzi. Umzekelo, i-Ofisi kaRhulumente Ethistiki yoRhulumente inikela ukhokelo olubanzi phantsi kwe-5 C.F.R. icandelo 2635, eligubungela iingxabano zemali, ukungakhethi, nokusetyenziswa kakubi kwesikhundla sikarhulumente, njengeKhalifoni yeProlifoni okanye i-Progiclaties Commissionties ye-ography ye-Overtical, i-octive Comments Com ye-ography ye-New York York Union.

Imigaqo engundoqo engokwasemthethweni iquka:

  • Imithetho emininzi ifuna ukuphinda ityala ngokuzenzekelayo xa idibene. Ukungaphumeleli ukwenza njalo kungasivala isigqibo kwaye kubhence umbutho ekuzidibaniseni.
  • Imigangatho ye- Apponational:[ naku apho kungekho mkhethe ungqinelanisiweyo, imbonakalo yokunganyani inokuba sisizathu sokubhukuqa isigqibo. IiNkundla zidla ngokusebenzisa “uvavanyo lomntu onengqiqo”.
  • Iindawo zokungahambelani: Abantu ngabanye bangajongana nesenzo soqeqesho, iifatyi, okanye ukususwa eofisini. Ii-atmosfera zingayalelwa ukuba ziluvale kwakhona uvavanyo ngendleko kawonke-wonke.
  • Uqeqesho lwe-Ethics lunika imiyalelo: amagunya amaninzi afuna imfundo yemilinganiselo yonyaka kuwo onke amagosa olawulo.

Ukuyiqonda ngokunzulu imimiselo yemfazwe yequmrhu, jonga i-U.S. ofisi yemithetho yoRhulumente okanye ICode yeMimiselo eBumbeleyo, Icandelo 5, icandelo 2635.

Ukubona Iingxaki Zemdla: Ukhokelo Olusebenzisekayo

Ukwahlula kokuqala kumgca wokuqala wokuzikhusela. Abathathi-nxaxheba `kuquka abaxhasi, abameli, amangqina, kunye nabasebenzi bamaqumrhu'. Ngapha koko kufuneka baqhubeke besebenza. Ngaphandle kwamaqhina emali acacileyo, izalathisi ezichuliweyo zisoloko zibaleka isaziso. Qwalasela olu luhlu lulandelayo:

  • [[NTL:0] Usapho kunye nolwalamano olusondeleyo lobuqu:[ Umntakwenu, umntwana, okanye iqabane lasekhaya elibandakanyekileyo njengeqela, icebiso, okanye ubungqina obungundoqo? Nokuba ulwalamano alukhawulezi, ubuhlobo obude bungadala ikhethe.
  • [ Inzuzo yemali: Ingaba wena, iqabane lakho, okanye abantwana bakho abancinane unempahla, umhlaba okanye ezinye izinto ezinokuchaphazeleka ngenxa yeziphumo? Ingaba kukho umntu okutyala imali, okanye ubole kuzo?
  • [[UMTL: 0] Umanyano kunye namaqhina obugcisa: Usebenzele elinye lamatheko kwiminyaka emihlanu edluleyo? Unalo ucwangciso olungaphambili lomsebenzi okanye oluqhubekayo lokubuza? Ingaba ulilungu lelungu elinye lelungu lengcali?
  • [[UMTL:0] Inxaxheba yoluntu: Uthathe inxaxheba kuphando, ulawulo, okanye iqonga langaphambili lemeko enye? Ubonise uluvo lukawonke-wonke kulo mba?
  • [ I-Organications: Ulilungu lebhodi elingancediyo elixhasa okanye elichasene nezilangazelelo zeqela? Ingaba iqela linikela kwisisa osijolise kuwe?
  • [[UMTL:0] Uqhagamshelwano lwezimvo okanye lwezimvo:[[FT:1] Ukhe wamenzela iphulo lokuba yintloko yeqela? Ingaba ulilungu lelizwi leqela eliye lathatha indawo kulo mba?

Ukuphepha ulawulo, lonke ityala lolawulo kufuneka liqale ngenkqubo yokuhlola. Abameli abaninzi bafuna ukuba abathathi-nxaxheba bagqibe uxwebhu olubhaliweyo ngaphambi kokuqulunqwa. Olu hlobo kufuneka luhlolisiswe ligosa lemigaqo-siseko okanye igosa elityunjwe ukuba lingacaluli. Nayiphi na inkxalabo echongiweyo mayibhalwe phantsi kwaye isiwe kwingqalelo yabo bonke amaqela.

Iiflegi Ezibomvu Eziqhelekileyo Kumiselo Olukhethekileyo

Iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zolawulo lwezipoyinti zineengozi ezingaqhelekanga zemfazwe. Umzekelo:

  • Ukunika imvume kunye neebhodi zoqeqesho eziqeqeshiweyo: amalungu ebhodi asoloko ekwimisebenzi efanayo nelayisensi. Umkhuphi unokuba nomdla wemali wokubona ilayisensi irhoxisiwe. Kwanosukuzwano olucingelwayo lungangcolisa izigqibo.
  • Ukuziko kunye nokuva komhlaba: abakhomishinari bokucwangcisa okanye abahloli beendlebe basenokuba nezinto kufutshane nenkqubela-phambili ecetyiweyo, kudala ingeniso yemali okanye ukulahlekelwa. Iminikelo eyenziwa ngumfaki-sicelo kwisizathu esithandwayo somphathi-mikhosi ikwayiflegi ebomvu.
  • Ingxolo ye-Benefit (umz., ukukhubazeka, ukungaqeshwa): Umbambi-mphini ebemmele ngaphambili okanye abaqeshi ekuqheliseni kobucala banokufukama ikhethe. Ulwalamano lwentlalo phakathi kwamagosa eendlebe namaqela egqwetha lasekuhlaleni lungakwaba nengxaki.

Ulawulo noncedo lokulungisa

Xa imfazwe ithe yafunyaniswa, okanye kwanokurhanelwa ukuba ``imedimete'' isenzo siyafuneka. Ukuthembeka kokuqhubekeka kuxhomekeke kulawulo olucace gca nolugqibelelyo. IStrategies zisuka kwinkcazelo ukuya kwixande, kwaye ukhetho olufanelekileyo luxhomekeke kwimo yemfazwe nobukhulu bayo.

I-Diskofu kunye neWaiver

Utyhilo olupheleleyo nolufike ngexesha lusezantsi. Umntu ongquzulwano kufuneka azise onke amaqela kunye nomphathi-mikhosi olawulayo wendlela enomdla ngayo. Kwezinye iimeko, ukuba ingxabano incinane kwaye onke amaqela ayavumelana ngokubhaliweyo, umchasi-mthetho angavunyelwa. Noko ke, iintshatsheli azicebisi ukuba apho ingxabano inamandla okanye apho imbonakalo yekhethelo ingenza abantu bangaphelelwa yintembelo. Ubhalo lomntu ochaphazelekayo, kuquka inkcazelo ecacileyo yezibakala nemvume yamaqela, kufuneka lugcinwe erekhodini.

Ukubekwa isityholo Nokungena endaweni

Ityala likhuseleke kakhulu kwaye liqheleke kakhulu. Umntu ongquzulanayo usuka nje athabathe inyathelo ngaphandle kokuthabatha inxaxheba kulo mbandela. Ukuva kuqhutywa ngomnye umenzi wesigqibo. Apho imimiselo ivumela khona, abameli bangamisela umxhasi okanye baququzelele umgwebi womthetho olawulayo welinye isebe. Umthetho kufuneka ubhalwe phantsi, kwaye isizathu kufuneka sichazwe kwingxelo ngaphandle kokutyhila iinkcukacha zobuqu ezingeyomfuneko.

Umiselo lomzekelo

Xa ingxwabangxwaba ibandakanya ibhodi okanye iqela elipheleleyo, ukuphinda kumiselwe imeko kwenye iyunithi kusoloko kuyimfuneko. Umzekelo, ukuba ilungu lebhodi yezamayeza litshate nogqirha ophantsi kophando, ibhodi isenokufuna ukuzithethelela ngokwayo. Kwimeko ezinjalo, igosa elikhethekileyo okanye iqela leqela lesithili lingamiselwa. Abagwebi bomthetho abakwi-ofisi esembindini bangasetyenziswa rhoqo njengeendimbane.

Ukusetyenziswa Kwezinto Ezingabonakaliyo Okanye Eziziingxingo

Kwiimeko ezinqabileyo apho ukubekwa ityala kunokubangela umthwalo obalulekileyo wolawulo, amanyathelo alinganiselweyo anganciphisa ubungozi bokucalucalucalulo. Ngokomzekelo, igosa elivayo elinomdla nje omncinane wemali linganika inxalenye yesigqibo kumphathi-mikhosi ongakhethiyo, okanye irekhodi itywinwe isuka kwingxelo yokufikelela kweqela elingquzulanayo. La manyathelo ayaphikiswana kwaye kufuneka asetyenziswe ngegunya elicacileyo elingokwasemthethweni nesivumelwano seqela.

Indima yamagosa omthetho nabasebenzi

Abameli abaninzi basebenzisa amagosa emilinganiselo yokuziphatha ukunikela ukhokelo oluyimfihlo. Abathathi-nxaxheba abaqinisekanga enoba imeko ingumbandela ochaseneyo bafanele bafune icebiso elinjalo ngaphambi kokuba kuqalise ukuchongwa. Amagosa afundisayo anokunceda ahlolisise iimeko, ancome okanye athethele, aqinisekise ukuba inyathelo elithatyathweyo lihambisana nemithetho esebenzayo. Kwakhona ukubandakanywa kwabo kukhuthaza isithethe sengqibelelo.

Imizekelo Esebenzisekayo Nezifundo Zetyala

Ukuqonda imigaqo engekho ngqiqweni kubalulekile, kodwa imizekelo ecacileyo icacisa indlela ezibonakala ngayo iingxabano xa zivakala.

Isifundo Sesi - 1: Umhlaba Welungu Lebhodi Elicebayo

UJohn usebenza kwibhodi yocwangciso lukamasipala ejonge isicelo sokulungisa isicelo sokulungisa esivela kumbhekisi phambili. Engaziwayo kuluntu, uJohn unesambuku somhlaba omelene nenkqubela-phambili ecetywayo. Ukuba ukubekwa kwakhona kuvunyiwe, ixabiso lempahla kaJohn lizakwanda nge-20%. Ngexesha lokuvalwa, uJohn uthatha inxaxheba ngokukhutheleyo ekuncipheni nasekuvoteleni isicelo. Emva kwesigqibo, iqela lasekuhlaleni eligadileyo lifumana ubumnini kwaye livule iifayile. Inkundla iya kufumana amatyala. Inkundla ikhankathela ukuxaba okungenwa kwenzala phantsi komthetho. Ibhodi inyanzelwa ukuba ivale kwakhona ii-mvotime ngaphandle komyalelo kaJohn, ibiza iinyanga zokulibala kunye neemali ezingokomthetho.

[[UMTL. 0] Lisson: Nayiphina inzala yemali ngqo, nokuba incinane kangakanani, ifuna ukuphinda ikhutshwe. UYohane ufanele ukuba watyhila ubunikazi bakhe phambi kokuba uvale kwaye waphambuka.

Uhlolisiso Lwetyala 2: Igosa Eliphulaphulayo Eliphambili

UMaria ngumgwebi womthetho wolawulo obelwe ukuva impikiswano ngetyala lokungavunyelwa kwesiphene. Ngaphambili, uMaria wayesebenza njengegqwetha elincedisayo elimela amagqwetha achasene nesebe elinye. Nangona engakhange aliphathe ngokobuqu eli tyala likhethekileyo, abalawuli bakhe nabasebenzi abangaphambili babonakala bengamangqina. Amagqwetha alo eli qumrhu, ephikisa ukuba indima kaMaria yangaphambili ibangela i-evalversaria imbonakalo yokucalula. UMaria uyavuma ukuba unenkxalabo kwaye uyavuma ngokwakhe.

[[UMTL:0]Lesson: Phambi komsebenzi okanye ulwalamano lobugqwirha, nokuba alukho ngqo, lungadala imbono esengqiqweni yekhethe. Ukutyhilwa ngokupheleleyo nokukhutshelwa kugcina ingqibelelo yendlebe.

Isifundo Setyala 3: Unxibelelwano Olugqithiseleyo Kwimpikiswano Ephakathi

Ibhodi yokufumana imali yesizwe kukuva isibheno kumntu owenziwe yinkampani eyalahliweyo. Elinye ilungu lebhodi, uChen, linoqabane elisebenzela inkampani ekhuphisanayo. . Ifeme eliphumeleleyo aliyijongi ingxaki yolwalamano, likholelwa ukuba umsebenzi wayo uzimele. Noko ke, igqwetha lengingqi eliphulukana nemali liphakamisa le ngxaki. Emva kokubuza kwiofisi yezomthetho, uChen uyaqonda ukuba usenokuba uthe wathanda iqabane lakhe. UChen uyavuma ukuba yena ngokwakhe uyakwazi ukulithanda igosa. UChen uyavuma ukuba uququzelela, kwaye amalungu ebhodini eseleyo aqhuba indlebe ngokutshintshana.

[[NTL: 0]Lesson: Iingxabano azifuni nyani ukucalucalula; ukubonakala kocalulo kwanele. IChen's recusal yaba linyathelo elilungileyo, nangona wayevakalelwa ukuba akakhethi.

Izenzo Ezilunge Ngakumbi Kubo Bonke Abathathi-nxaxheba

Ukugcina imeko-bume engangeni ngquzulwano bubutyala bokwabelana. Iindima ezahlukeneyo zifuna izenzo ezahlukeneyo.

Kumahlakani nakumalungu ebhodi

  • Hlola izilangazelelo zakho zemali, ulwalamano, nezinto obandakanyekileyo kuzo ngaphambi kokuba uqalise isabelo ngasinye.
  • Uqeqesho olupheleleyo lwemilinganiselo yokuziphatha olufunekayo minyaka le kwaye uqhubekeke notshintsho kumthetho osebenzayo.
  • Xa uthandabuza, chaza kwaye funa ukhokelo kumphathi wemilinganiselo yokuziphatha.
  • Bhala yonke into etyhiliweyo, uphinde uthethe, nesigqibo sokurhoxa xa ubhala, kuquka nesizathu.

Abaxhasi NeeAttorney

  • Buza umxhasi wakho ngolwalamano olunokwenzeka nomenzi wesigqibo okanye umphikisi ngaphambi kokuba kuqalise ukuviwa.
  • Ukuba ucinga ukuba kukho ingxabano, yiphakamise ngokukhawuleza nangentlonelo le mbambano.
  • Ukuba ufumanisa ukuba kukho ukungavisisani ngexesha lokuchotshelwa kwetyala, khawuphinde uthethe ngetyala.
  • Musa ukusebenzisa imfazwe engekho ngqiqweni ngobuchule ukuphazamisa into eqhubekayo; oku kuphelisa ukukholosa ngenkqubo.

Kubaphathi bee-arhente nabaphathi bemithetho

  • Ifakela ifomu esezantsi yokukhusela iingxabano kubo bonke abathathi-nxaxheba abavayo.
  • Nika ulwalathiso olucacileyo, olubhaliweyo ngokuphathelele into ebangela ingxabano nendlela yokuyichaza.
  • Zigcine ngokufihlakeleyo izinto ozibhala ngokufihlakeleyo ukuze ubone indlela osebenza ngayo.
  • Uphicotho-zincwadi lwexesha nexesha lokuqinisekisa imigaqo-nkqubo yokuthobela nokuhlaziya ukuphendula imiba evelayo.

KumaNgqina Nakumatheko

  • Yazi ukuba ungayivusa nanini na ingxaki, ungacinge ukuba omnye umntu uza kuyixabanisa.
  • Ukuba ufumanisa emva kokuchotshelwa ukuba umenzi wesigqibo unengxabano engachazwanga, thetha negqwetha malunga nokhetho lwakho.
  • Nyaniseka xa ubuzwa ngolwalamano", ukuchanabeka kunokubangela ukuba imiphumo ibe mbi ngakumbi.

Ukwakha Isithethe Sengqibelelo

Ukuthobela umntu ngamnye kuyimfuneko kodwa akwanele. Iinkqubo zongxamiseko kufuneka zikhuthaze imeko apho iingxabano zibonakala khona zize zilungiswe ngaphandle koloyiko lokuziphindezela. Oku kufuna imbopheleleko yokhokelo, uqeqesho oluthe rhoqo, nemiphumo ecacileyo yokwaphula. Iinxalenye ezingundoqo ziquka:

  • [[UMTHETHO: 0] Imfundo yemilinganiselo yokuziphatha kubo bonke abaqeshwa abanokuba nenxaxheba ekuchotshelweni kwezolawulo, bephinda-phinda ubuncinane kwiminyaka emibini.
  • imigaqo-nkqubo yendlu evulekileyo abasebenzi abakhuthazayo ukuxela inkxalabo engaziwayo ukuba iyafuneka.
  • [[UMTHL:0] Iikomiti ezizimeleyo zemilinganiselo yokuziphatha ezongamela amatyala anochuku kwaye zinika amacebiso angakhethi buso.
  • [[UMTL: 0] Ubuchule ekwenzeni isigqibo .

Ukufundwa okubhekele phaya kokwakha iinkqubo zobugxwayiba zemilinganiselo yokuziphatha kurhulumente, iNgqungquthela yesizwe yeSizwe yoMgaqo-siseko wesizwe inika ubuncwane kwiikomishini yemigaqo yesizwe kunye nezona ndlela zilungileyo zokwenza.

Isiphelo

Ingxabano yomdla wolawulo wochokoza ityala lolawulo ayinqabile; zizinto eziyingozi ezikhoyo ezimele zilawulwa ngokuqhutywa. Ingqibelelo yayo yonke inkqubo yokuzimela ixhomekeke ekuzimiseleni kwabo bonke abathathi-nxaxheba ukuchaza, ukutyhila, nokulungisa iingxabano ngokukhawuleza nangokucokisekileyo. Iinkqubo zemithetho zinika isiseko, kodwa ukungakhethi kokwenene kuvela kwisithethe esinexabiso elibonakalayo loncedo. Ngokusebenzisa iinkqubo zovavanyo ezizinzileyo, ezisukela ngexesha elifanelekileyo, kunye nokubhala zonke izenzo, amaziko anokuzikhusela zombini izigqibo zawo kunye nokholo lukawonke wonke ekulawuleni ngokusesikweni. Ukuva okuko kuthuba lokubonisa ukuba okusesikweni kuhlala kungabonakali kulungile.