Table of Contents

Ukuxela ukwaphulwa kwamalungelo abantu linyathelo elibalulekileyo ekukhuseleni inkululeko esisiseko nasekuqinisekiseni ukuba kulungile kubo bonke abantu. Xa amalungelo abantu ophulwa, achaphazela kungekuphela nje ixhoba kodwa akwaphazamisa imigaqo yokulingana nokusesikweni ebumba isiseko sebutho lethu. Esi sikhokelo sibanzi sinikela amanyathelo anzulu, asebenzisekayo ukunceda abantu baqonde indlela yokuqonda ukuphulwa kwamalungelo abantu, iziganeko zoxwebhu, ukuqulunqa kwamalungelo engxelo ngokufanelekileyo, nokufuna unyango olufanelekileyo kwimijelo eyahlukeneyo esemthethweni.

Ukuqonda Amalungelo Asekuhlaleni Nokubaluleka Kwawo

Amalungelo amakhaya yinkululeko esisiseko nenkuselo eqinisekisiweyo kubo bonke abantu phantsi komGaqo-siseko wase-U.Amalungelo avela kumGaqo-siseko nemithetho edluliselwe yiBhunga laseUnited States, eyenzelwe ukuqinisekisa ukuba wonke umntu uphathwa ngokulinganayo, kungakhathaliseki uhlanga, ubufana, unqulo, okanye imvelaphi. Ukuqonda la malungelo kubalulekile ukuze uqonde xa ephulwe aze enze isenzo esifanele sokuphendula oko kwaphulwa.

Isiseko somGaqo-siseko samalungelo abemi

Izilungiso zokuqala ezilishumi zoMgaqo-siseko wase-U.S., ozaziwa ngokuba yiBhili yamaLungelo, ziqulethe inkululeko esisiseko yabemi. Ezi ziquka inkululeko yokuthetha, yonqulo, kunye nokucinezela phantsi koLawulo lokuqala, ukukhusela ukuphandwa okungekho ngqiqweni nokuxhuzula phantsi koMphetho-mvakaliso wesine, nelungelo lokufumana inkqubela efunekayo phantsi koMgaqo-siseko wesihlanu. UMthetho we-14 WoLawulo uqinisekisa ukukhuselwa ngendlela efanayo phantsi komthetho, kwaye uMphengululo we-15 ukhusela ilungelo lokuvota kungakhathaliseki ukuba uhlanga luni.

Ngaphandle kokhuseleko lomgaqo-siseko, imigaqo emininzi yamazwe inikela imigaqo eyongezelelekileyo yokukhusela ukucalucalulwa nokuphathwa ngokungekho sikweni. UMthetho wamaLungelo wangowe-1964 ngumthetho ongundoqo ophelisa ucalucalulo kwimisebenzi, kwizikolo, kwiindawo zokuhlala, nakwimimandla kawonke-wonke. Omnye umthetho obalulekileyo uquka amaMerika aneMithetho yeNdebenzo ePhakathi (ADA), iDascstion in Procept (ADEA), kunye nePart yeFair Howater Act, ngalinye elithetha ngeendlela ezithile zocalucalucalucalucalu, liqinisekisa ukufikelela amathuba neenkonzo ezifanayo.

Abakhuselweyo Ngaphantsi Kwamalungelo Abantu

Ngokutsho kweSebe leSigwebo saseUnited States (DOJ), ukwaphulwa kwamalungelo abantu kwenzeka xa urhulumente okanye umbutho wabucala ofumana imali karhulumente uhluza umntu ilungelo elisemthethweni elikhuselwe ngumthetho, umthetho karhulumente, okanye umGaqo-siseko waseUnited States, oquka ilungelo lokukhululeka kucalucalulo. Imithetho yamaLungelo asekuhlaleni ikhusela abantu ekucalucalucalulweni ngenxa yeenkalo eziliqela, eziquka:

  • Uhlanga nohlanga
  • Imibala
  • Imvelaphi yohlanga
  • Unqulo
  • Iintlobano zesini (kuquka ukukhulelwa, indlela esibonakala ngayo isini, nokuzichaza ngokwesini)
  • Ubudala (ingakumbi ezo 40 nangaphezulu)
  • Ukonakala
  • Ulwazi ngemfuza

Ukuqonda ezi mpawu zikhuselekileyo kunokukunceda ukwazi ukuba amalungelo abo aphulwe nini na yaye kukwenza ufumane indlela yokufumana unyango olufanelekileyo.

Ukugqalwa Kokwaphulwa Kwamalungelo Abemi

Ukuchaza ukwaphulwa kwamalungelo abantu linyathelo lokuqala elibalulekileyo ekuziseni ngokuphumelelayo. Ukuphulwa kwamalungelo abantu kwenzeka xa umntu ekhanyelwa ukuphathwa ngokufanelekileyo ngenxa yesizwe, ubufanasini, unqulo, okanye ezinye iimpawu ezikhuselweyo. Oku kwaphula umthetho kusenokuthatha iindlela ezininzi kwaye kwenzeke kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo, ukusuka emsebenzini nakwindawo yokuhlala ukuya kutsho ekunxibelelaneni nomthetho nokufumaneka kweenkonzo zikawonke-wonke.

Iintlobo Eziqhelekileyo Zamalungelo Abemi

Izikhalazo ezixhaphakileyo zibandakanya ukutyholwa kokwaphulwa komthetho ngebala nogonyamelo lobuhlanga, njengokuhlaselwa emzimbeni, ukubulawa, ukusongelwa ngamazwi okanye ngokubhalwayo, okanye ukungcoliswa kwempahla.

Ucalucalulo Ngemisebenzi

Ukucalucalulwa emsebenzini kuseyenye yezona ngxelo zithenjiweyo zokwaphulwa kwamalungelo abantu. UMthetho wamalungelo abantu ka-1964 wenza ukuba abaqeshi bangabi namthetho ukuba bakhethe abaqeshi abakwimeko ekhuselekileyo, kodwa la malungelo ayaqhubeka ephulwa namhlanje. Ukucalucalulwa kwabasebenzi kunokuquka:

  • Ukungavumi ukuqesha abo bafanelekayo ngenxa yeempawu ezikhuselweyo
  • Ukunganyuselwa okanye ukukhuselwa kwamathuba ngenxa yohlanga, ubufanasini okanye unqulo
  • Ukuhlawula imivuzo engafaniyo ngomsebenzi osekelwe kwisini okanye kwenye imeko ekhuselekileyo
  • Ukuvelisa imeko eyingozi yomsebenzi ngokukhathazwa okanye ukoyikiswa
  • Ukupheliswa okuphosakeleyo okusekelwe kwizizathu ezicalucalula
  • Ukungakwazi ukulungiselela indawo efanelekileyo yokuhlala
  • Ukugweba abasebenzi abachaza ucalucalulo

IsiHloko seSithiyiti seSivumelwano samaLungelo sangowe - 1964 sasiquka ulwimi olwabangela ukuba ukukhathazwa ngokwesini kungabi namthetho emsebenzini, lwakwenza kwangekho mthethweni ukuvumela ihambo engafanelekanga enxulumene nobufanasini okanye ukukhulelwa komqeshwa, yaye kwakwenza kwangekho mthethweni ukudubula umntu okanye ukungavumi ukuqesha umntu ukuba ukhulelwe okanye ukhulelwe.

Ukunyanzelisa Ukuziphatha Okubi Nobundlobongela Bamapolisa

Ukuziphatha okubi kwamapolisa kwenzeka xa igosa okanye isebe lisebenza ngaphandle komthetho okanye liphula amalungelo omntu phantsi komGaqo-siseko wase-U.S. okanye umthetho karhulumente. Olu didi lokwaphula lufumene ingqalelo ebalaseleyo kwaye luquka:

  • Amandla angaphaya kwamandla afunekayo okanye abulalayo
  • Ukubanjwa okanye ukuvalelwa ngaphandle kwesizathu
  • Ukuphanda okungekho mthethweni nokuxhuzula ngaphandle kwemvume okanye ukukrokrela okufanelekileyo
  • Ukumiswa kohlanga nocalulo
  • Ukuvunywa kwezono okungquzulwayo okanye iingxelo ezigqwethekileyo
  • Ukungaphumeleli ukungenelela xa kunikelwa ubungqina ngokuziphatha okubi komnye umphathi
  • Ukungazikhathaleli ngesisa iimfuno zezonyango zabantu abavalelweyo

Uphando lwakutshanje lufumanise ukuba amagosa akwa-mthetho angaphezu kwama-85 000 kwiminyaka elishumi edluleyo aye aphandwa okanye aqeqeshwa ngenxa yehambo evakalala, kunye nophando lwamagosa asebenzisa amandla agqithisileyo angama-2,924. Ezi zinto zichasene namalungelo asisiseko aqinisekisiweyo phantsi koMphengululo wesine (inkululeko ekuphandeni nokuxhuzula okungekho ngqiqweni), uKhuseleko lweMpanzi (inkululeko yeNkqumrhu kwiso ekhohlakazayo nengaqhelekanga), kunye noMthethweno-145 (umgaqo olandelayo nokhuseleko olulinganayo).

Inkcaso yezindlu

Ukucalucalulwa kwezindlu kwenzeka xa abantu bengavunyelwanga ukuba bafumane amathuba alinganayo okuhlala asekelwe kwiimpawu ezikhuselweyo.

  • Ukwala ukuqesha okanye ukuthengisa impahla kwabo bafanelekayo ngenxa yesizwe, unqulo okanye imeko yentsapho
  • Ukujonga iindawo ezikumgangatho ophezulu
  • Ukuyekelela abantu kwimimandla ethile okanye ukungayi kude ngenxa yocalucalulo
  • Ukubonelela abantu abaneziphene kwiindawo zokuhlala
  • Ukungangeni kwimisebenzi yokubolekisa ngetyala okanye imiqathango yezindlu
  • Ukukhathazwa ngabanini-ndlu okanye abamelwane

Ucalucalulo Lwemfundo

Izikolo zemfundo, ukusuka kwizikolo eziphambili ukuya kwiiyunivesithi, kufuneka zinike bonke abafundi amathuba alinganayo.

  • Ukungangeni okanye ukubhalisa ngokusekelwe kwiimpawu ezikhuselweyo
  • Ukubonelela ngeenkonzo ezisemgangathweni okanye kwimiqathango
  • Ukuqeqesha abafundi ngokungqongqo ngakumbi ngenxa yohlanga okanye imeko ekhuselekileyo
  • Ukungakwazi ukuhlangabezana nokukhathazwa okanye ukungcungcuthekiswa ngenxa yeempawu ezikhuselekileyo
  • Ukurhoxisa iindawo zokuhlala ezifanelekileyo zabafundi abaneziphene
  • Ukungangeni kwiinkqubo okanye kwimisebenzi esekelwe kwisini, kunqulo okanye kwimvelaphi yesizwe

Ukuqhatha Ngamalungelo

Ilungelo lokuvota lilelona siseko ledemokhrasi, kodwa amanye amaqela asajongene nemiqobo enjengemiqobo yokuvala izitishi zokuvota kwiindawo ezithile kwaye amisele imithetho engqongqo evumela abantu ukuba bakhuphe iivoti. Okunye ukwaphulwa kwamalungelo okuvota kubandakanya:

  • Ukusoyika okanye ukungcungcuthekiswa kwiindawo
  • Uhlambulula okanye iimfuno zokubhalisa ezifanelekileyo
  • Ukunceda abathethi abangeyosiNgesi ngokwaneleyo
  • Uhlahlelo olungenaziphene olufuna abantu abaneziphene
  • Ukulungisa amabala okungangeni ngaphaya komda

Ukufikelela kwiKhalenda

Urhulumente norhulumente umisele imithetho ukususela ngowe-1950 nangowee-1960 ukukhusela ilungelo labantu abamele baphathwe ngokulinganayo ngamashishini anika abantu indawo yokuhlala. Ukwaphula umthetho kulo mmandla kubandakanya oku:

  • Ukwala inkonzo esekelwe kuhlanga, unqulo okanye ezinye iimpawu ezikhuselweyo
  • Ukubonelela ngenkonzo ephantsi okanye amaziko akhethe
  • Ukungangeni kubantu abaneziphene
  • Ingaphumeleli ukunikezela ngolungiso olufanelekileyo lokufikelela
  • Imigaqo okanye izenzo zokungathabathi cala kwiivenkile zokutyela, kwiihotele, kwimidlalo yeqonga nakwezinye iindawo zikawonke-wonke

Ucalucalulo

Ukufumaneka ngokulinganayo kwiinkonzo zonyango kunelungelo elisisiseko. Ukubalwa ngocalulo lwezonyango kungabonakala:

  • Ukungalufuni unyango olusekelwe kwimvelaphi yobuzwe okanye kwisiphene
  • Ukubonelela ngenkathalo ephantsi kumaqela athile
  • Ukungavumi ukutolika ulwimi
  • Ukungamchasi umntu ngokwendlela avakalelwa ngayo ngokwesini okanye ngokobufanasini
  • Ukusilela ukwamkela iinkolelo zonqulo xa kunyangwa

Ukwaphulwa Kwamalungelo

AmaMerika anoMthetho (ADA) oneziphene neminye imithetho iqinisekisa ukuba abantu abaneziphene bayakwazi ukungena kwiindawo zikawonke wonke, iinkonzo, neendawo zokuhlala, ukanti ulwaphulo-mthetho luyenzeka, kuquka ukungafumaneki kwamalungu omzimba kwizakhiwo, ukungafumani ngendawo efanelekileyo yokuhlala emsebenzini, nemiqobo ekungeneni kwizithuthi nakwiinkonzo zonyango.

Ukwahlula Amalungelo Abemi Ezophulo Kunyango Lobundlobongela

Asiyiyo yonke ihambo engekho sikweni, enxunguphalisayo, okanye engekho ngqiqweni ekwaphulweni kwamalungelo abantu; ukuze kuthethwe ukuba kukho imvume esemthethweni, eli nyathelo limele linxulunyaniswe ngokuthe ngqo nocalucalulo olungekho mthethweni olusekelwe kuphawu olukhuselweyo okanye ukuncitshiswa kwelungelo lomGaqo-siseko ngumdlali wezombutho karhulumente. Ukuqonda lo mahluko kubalulekile kuba unceda abantu baqonde enoba banezizathu zokumangalelwa kwamalungelo abantu okanye banokufumana ezinye iindlela ezifanelekileyo.

Ngokomzekelo, ukuphathwa kakubi ngumqeshwa wasevenkileni akuyonto imnandi kodwa akuthethi ukuba ulwaphulo-mthetho lwamalungelo abantu ngaphandle kokuba unyango lusekelwe kuphawu olukhuselekileyo.

Ukubhala Ukwaphulwa Kwamalungelo Abantu

Uxwebhu olufanelekileyo lubalulekile xa uchaza ukwaphulwa kwamalungelo abantu. Iingxelo ezithe ngqo zomeleza isikhalazo sakho kwaye zinika abaphengululi ulwazi olufunekayo ukuze bahlolisise ityala lakho ngokunempumelelo. Ukuba ufumana ulwaphulo-mthetho lwamalungelo abantu, bhala isiganeko ngokweenkcukacha kangangoko kunokwenzeka.

Ulwazi Olubalulekileyo Lokubhala

Bhala phantsi zonke iinkcukacha, kuquka umhla, ixesha, indawo, kunye nenkcazelo yokwaphulwa komthetho, uze uqokelele ubungqina obufana nefoto, iividiyo, kunye nolwazi lokuqhagamshelana namangqina. Uxwebhu oluqulunqiweyo kufuneka luquke:

Iinkcukacha zolwazi olungundoqo

  • [[UMHLA] nexesha: shicilela umhla ngqo nexesha elithe labakho ngalo ulwaphuko
  • [[UMTL:0] Indawo: Qaphela idilesi ethile okanye indawo apho isiganeko senzeka khona
  • Uxwebhu Uxhulumaniso lwexesha: Loxwebhu ukuba isiganeko sithathe ixesha elingakanani
  • Utshintsho: Ukuba ulwaphuko luqhubekeka okanye luye lwenzeka izihlandlo ezininzi, rekhoda umzekelo ngamnye

Inkcazelo enenkcukacha yezehlo

  • Bhala ingxelo echaza ixesha okwenzeka ngalo
  • Quka iingxelo, izenzo okanye ihambo engqalileyo ebangela ukwaphulwa
  • Chaza indlela osabela ngayo nemiphumo ekhawulezileyo
  • Phawula nawaphi na amalinge owawenzayo okucombulula le meko ngokungacwangciswanga
  • Bhala amagama, izibizo kunye nenkcazelo yabo bonke abantu ababandakanyekileyo

Ubungqina Obuxhasayo

Ukuqokelela ubungqina kuquka iziphumo zevidiyo, iingxelo zamapolisa, iikhamera zequmrhu ezirekhodiweyo, kunye neengxelo zamangqina okuzibonela.

  • Ingxelo yeNkcubeko yeNtlalo-ntle
  • Ushicilelo olunesandi (apho kuvumelekile ngokusemthethweni)
  • Ii-imeyili, imiyalezo yombhalo, okanye olunye uthungelwano olubhaliweyo
  • Amaxwebhu asemthethweni anjengeengxelo zemisebenzi, izicelo zendlu, okanye iingxelo zezamayeza
  • Iireyithi, izivumelwano okanye ezinye iingxelo zentengiselwano
  • I-DSD ibonise ukuba i-CPF iyalinika igalelo

Ulwazi ngeNto

  • Ingxelo yeNjongo yeNkcubeko yeNtshona Koloni
  • Iingxelo ezibhaliweyo ezivela kumangqina achaza oko bakuphawulayo
  • Ulwalamano lwamangqina nawe nalowo utyholwa ukwaphula

Uxwebhu oluchaphazelekileyo

Ubungqina obufana neengxelo zezamayeza namangqina okuzibonela bunokungqina ukuba izinto ezithethwayo ziyinyaniso.

  • Ingozi emzimbeni nonyango lwezamayeza
  • Ukufa
  • Ilahleko yemali, kuquka umvuzo olahlekileyo okanye amathuba
  • Ukuchaphazeleka kodumo okanye ulwalamano
  • Ukutshintsha ubomi okanye izinto ozenzayo

Uqheliselo olungcono kuxwebhu

  • Uxwebhu lwangoku: ulwazi loshicilelo ngokukhawuleza kangangoko kunokwenzeka emva kwesiganeko ngelixa iinkcukacha zitsha kwinkumbulo yakho
  • [[UMTL:0] Yiba nenjongo ekhethekileyo: Sebenzisa ulwimi olucacileyo, oluyinyaniso kwaye uphephe impatho yemvakalelo
  • Umbutho ogcinayo: Gcina onke amaxwebhu kwifayile ekhuselekileyo, ecwangcisiweyo
  • [[UMTL:0] Yenza iikopi: Yenza iikopi ezininzi zamaxwebhu nobungqina
  • iqala ubungqina bokuqala: Gcina amaxwebhu asekuqaleni nobungqina kwindawo ekhuselekileyo
  • Qhubeka noxwebhu: Ukuba ulwaphuko luyaqhubeka, gcina ingxelo echazayo yesiganeko ngasinye
  • Ukhuseleko lwemfihlo: Iven ulwazi olunovakalelo ngokukhuselekileyo kwaye yabelana kuphela namagunya afanelekileyo

Ukuqonda Imida Yexesha Lokukhalaza

Imida yexesha, ekwasaziwa ngokuba yimimiselo yomlinganiselo, kukuqwalaselwa okubalulekileyo xa kuxelwa ukuphulwa kwamalungelo abantu. Ukungalifumani eli xesha kusenokuphumela ekulahlekelweni kwelungelo lakho lokufaka isikhalazo okanye ukumangalelwa, kungakhathaliseki ukuba kufanelekile kusini na. Iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zokwaphula umthetho kunye namaqumrhu awahlukeneyo anemida eyahlukeneyo, ngoko ke ukuqonda ezi mfuneko kubalulekile.

Imida Yexesha Elithile Lokungaqeshwa

Ngokuqhelekileyo, ityala localucalulo kufuneka libekwe nge-EEOC ngeentsuku ezili-180 zokwaphulwa okutyholwayo (ientsuku ezingama-300 ukuba umthetho wasekuhlaleni ugquma ityala). Olu xesha lugqityezelwa ngokungqongqo, kwaye ukungaphumeleli ukufaka ifayile kweli xesha ifreji ekukuthinteleni ukusukela ityala lakho kwi-EEOC.

Kubasebenzi besizwe, ixesha lokunika ingcebiso lahlukile. Ukuba ukholelwa ukuba ubulixhoba localulo emsebenzini wakho okanye kwinkqubo yomsebenzi, kufuneka uqalise ukunxibelelana noMcebisi we-EEO iintsuku ezingama-45 zekhalenda ezibonisa ucalucalulo. Emva kokugqiba inkqubo yokucebisa, kufuneka udlulisele isikhalazo sakho kusuku lweshumi elinesihlanu ukusuka kumhla owafumana isaziso kuwe-EEO uMcebisi malunga nendlela yokuyila isikhalazo, esithunyelwa kuwe emva kodliwano-ndlebe noMcebisi we-EO.

Amanye Amalungelo Amakhaya Ophulwa Kwexesha

Ukuphulwa kwamalungelo abantu okungabandakanyeki kucalucalulo lwemisebenzi, imiqathango yexesha iyahluka kuxhomekeka kuhlobo lokwaphula nolawulo. Ezinye imigaqo jikelele iquka:

  • Izikhalazo zocalucalulo lokuhlala eziqhelekileyo kufuneka zigcinwe kunyaka omnye emva kokwaphulwa
  • Ingxelo yokungahambi kakuhle kwamapolisa isenokuba nemithetho eyahlukeneyo elawula imiqathango exhomekeke kumthetho wesizwe
  • Kusenokufuneka ukuba izikhalazo zocalucalulo lwemfundo zibekwe kwiintsuku ezili - 180
  • Ukuqhankqalaza kwamalungelo kufuneka kuchazwe ngokukhawuleza kangangoko kunokwenzeka, ingakumbi ukuba unyulo luza

Ukubaluleka Kokuthabatha Inyathelo Ngokukhawuleza

Kwanaxa ixesha elimiselweyo lisebenza, kusoloko kucetyiswa ukuxela ukuphulwa kwamalungelo abantu ngokukhawuleza.

  • Ubungqina obuqinisekisiweyo butsha kwaye iinkumbulo zamangqina zicacile
  • Ukukhusela ukophulwa komthetho ekuqhubekeni okanye ekuchaphazeleni abanye
  • Bonisa ubunzulu bezikhalazo zakho
  • Ivumela ugqibo olukhawulezileyo kunye noncedo olunokwenzeka
  • Kuphephe ukuphoswa lixesha elibalulekileyo

Amanyathelo Okuxela Ukwaphulwa Kwamalungelo

Ukuxela ukwaphulwa kwamalungelo abantu kuquka ukulandela iinkqubo ezingqalileyo ezahlukahlukeneyo kuxhomekeka kuhlobo lokwaphulwa komthetho nakumaziko aphetheyo. Ukuqonda la manyathelo kunceda ukuqinisekisa ukuba isikhalazo sakho sibekwe kakuhle kwaye sicatshulwe.

Inyathelo 1: Hlola Imeko Uze Uqokelele Uxwebhu

Phambi kokufaka isikhalazo esisemthethweni, qinisekisa ukuba ubhalise ngokucokisekileyo ukwaphulwa komthetho njengoko kuchazwe kwicandelo elandulelayo. Hlola ubungqina bakho uze ubulungelelanise ngendlela ecacileyo nesengqiqweni. Qwalasela enoba esi siganeko sithetha ukwaphulwa kwamalungelo abantu okusekelwe kwimigaqo echazwe ngaphambili.

Inyathelo lesi - 2: Yiqonde iArhente Efanelekileyo Yokunikela Ingxelo

Amasebe awahlukeneyo asingatha iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zokwaphulwa kwamalungelo abantu. Ukufumana icandelo elichanekileyo kuyimfuneko ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba ukhalaze ngokufanelekileyo.

Ngenxa Yocalucalulo Lomsebenzi

Ukuba ucalucalulwa njengomqeshwa okanye umqeshwa, unokufaka isityholo socalucalulo kwiKhomishini Yomsebenzi Elinganayo yaseUnited States (EOC), enyanzelisa imithetho yamalungelo abantu ekwisebe elilawulayo ekukhuseleni ekucalucalucalulweni emsebenzini nasekuziphindezeleni.

Ukuchaswa Kwamalungelo Asekuhlaleni

Ungaxela ukwaphulwa kwamalungelo abantu ngokuqhagamshelana neSebe leMithetho e-U.S. (DOJ) nokugqiba ifomu yalo yokukhalaza ngamalungelo abantu. Ukuba uyawakholelwa amalungelo akho, okanye omnye umntu, uye waphulwa, ngenisa ingxelo usebenzisa i-DOJ's ye-intanethi.

Ukuze Kunyanzeliswe Ukuziphatha Okuphosakeleyo Ngomthetho

Ukuba uchaza ukuziphatha okubi komthetho okanye ukholelwa ukuba ukhe wajamelana nolwaphulo-mthetho oluthiyileyo, qhagamshelana neFBI. Kumthetho onyanzelisayo, faka isikhalazo kwicandelo lamapolisa lemicimbi yangaphakathi okanye kwibhodi yabaveleli.

Ukwaphula umthetho ngoRhulumente nangokwalatha Kwasekuhlaleni

Urhulumente omninzi kunye nolawulo lwasekuhlaleni lunemithetho yawo echasene nocalucalulo kunye namaqumrhu ajongene nokunyanzelisa loo mithetho (Izenzo Zomsebenzi Zokusebenza Amaqela, okanye ii-FEPAs). Ukuba ufaka isityholo nge-FEPA, izakuba "ziifayile ze-"ziququ" nge-EOC ukuba imithetho karhulumente iyasebenza, kwaye akuyomfuneko ukuba ubhale iifayile kunye namalungu omabini.

Inyathelo 3: Zama isiGqibo esiNgesiqhelo (Xa sifanelekile)

Kwezinye iimeko, ngokukodwa ucalucalulo lwemisebenzi, kusenokufuneka ukuba uzame isigqibo esingecwangciswanga ngaphambi kokugqiba isikhalazo esisemthethweni. Xa umbandela wakho wabelwe uMcebisi, uMcebisi uya kukucebisa ngamalungelo akho aze abuze ngokucwangcisiweyo ngokuphathelele izityholo zakho, ngexesha uMcebisi aya kuzama ukusombulula ngalo eso sikhalazo.

Izigqibo zethutyana zingaquka:

  • Unxibelelwano olungqalileyo nalowo utyholwayo okanye umphathi wabo
  • Isisombululo okanye esinye isisombululo sempikiswano
  • Iinkqubo zezikhalazo zangaphakathi
  • Ukubonelela ngoovimba babantu okanye ngeeofisi zolawulo

Ngelixesha isigqibo esingacwangciswanga singasoloko sifuneka okanye sifanelekile, ngamanye amaxesha singakhokelela kwisigqibo esikhawulezileyo kwaye sisenokuba sinyanzelekile kwiintlobo ezithile zezikhalazo.

Inyathelo 4: Ifashoni Inkcitho Eqhelekileyo

Ukuba isigqibo esingecwangciswanga asiphumelelanga okanye asifanelekanga, qhubeka ufake isikhalazo esisemthethweni. Le nkqubo ichaziweyo iyahluka ngokweziko, kodwa iquka ngokuqhelekileyo:

Ukugqiba Ifomu Yokukhalaza

Xa ugqiba ukwenza i - Internet, unokukuchazela iinkcukacha ezifunekayo ukuze ukwazi ukuyiqonda into eyenzekayo, yaye ngokukhawuleza uya kufumana inombolo yokuqinisekisa ukuba ikho yaye ingxelo yakho ithunyelwa kubasebenzi ukuze iphinde ihlolwe.

Ukhalazo lwakho lufanele luquke:

  • Ulwazi ngejenali
  • Inkcazelo malunga nalowo utyholwayo
  • Inkcazelo echaza ngokuchaswa
  • Iziganeko
  • Isalathisi somsebenzi wePhondo
  • Inani lamangqina
  • Ukuxhasa uxwebhu
  • Isicombululo okanye isiqabu osifunayo

Ukuthobela Izikhalazo Zakho

Izikhalazo zinokufakwa ngeendlela ezininzi:

  • Unxibelelwano nge-intanethi nge-website yesibonelelo
  • Nge-imeyili eya kwi-ofisi efanelekileyo
  • Nge fax
  • Umntu kwiofisi yasekuhlaleni
  • Ngemfonomfono (ukungenisa okokuqala, nangona uxwebhu olubhaliweyo lusoloko lufuneka)

Kufuneka ufake isikhalazo sakho kwi-ofisi ye-EEO enye apho ufumene khona ucetyiswa. Qinisekisa ukuba ungenisa isikhalazo sakho kwiofisi echanekileyo uze ugcine ubungqina bokuzithoba, njengamanani okuqinisekisa, iirisithi zeposi eziqinisekisiweyo, okanye isiqinisekiso se-imeyili.

Inyathelo 5: Phikelela Kwizikhalazo Zakho

Amaqela athe athe athe athe ajonge ukusingatha uhlobo lwakho lwenkupho aza kuphinda aluhlole, kwaye ukuba kufuneka luthunyelwe kwelinye iqela okanye umbutho, aza kuzama ukudibanisa isikhalazo sakho kwiqela lasekunene. Iziphumo ezinokwenzeka ziquka: ukulandela uphando oluthe kratya, ukuqala uphando okanye ukuphengulula, ukukukhokelela kwenye intlangano ukufumana uncedo oluthe chatha, okanye ukukwazisa ukuba ayinakunceda.

Emva kokukhupha isikhalazo sakho:

  • Gcina inombolo yakho yokuqinisekisa kunye nazo zonke iileta
  • Phendula ngokukhawuleza nakweziphi na izicelo zolwazi olongezelelekileyo
  • Gcina ulwazi lokuqhagamshelana oluhlaziyiweyo nesebe
  • Isalathisi somsebenzi obalulekileyo
  • Qhubeka
  • Buza ngemeko yengxolo yakho ukuba awukayiva kusini na ngexesha elilindelekileyo

Uphando Nenkqubo Yesigqibo

Emva kokuba ubhale isikhalazo, iqumrhu eliphetheyo liza kuhlola izityholo zakho lize lihlolisise izityholo zakho. Ukuqonda le nkqubo kukunceda wazi oko umele ukulindele nendlela onokuthabatha inxaxheba ngokunempumelelo ngayo.

Impinda yokuqala nolwamkelo

Imithetho enyanzeliswe yi-EEOC ifuna ukuba umbutho uvume izityholo ezithi ucalucalulo ngemisebenzi, kodwa ukuba imithetho ayisebenzi kwizityholo zakho, ukuba ityala alifakwanga kwimida yexesha lomthetho, okanye ukuba iEEOC igqiba ekumiseleni umda wokuhlola kwayo, iEEOC iya kusikhupha esi sityholo ngaphandle kokuphanda okuthe rhoqo ize ikuxelele ngamalungelo akho asemthethweni.

Ngexesha lohlolo lokuqala, iziko liza kuqinisekisa:

  • Qwalasela ukuba inegunya kusini na kwisikhalazo sakho
  • Qinisekisa ukuba isikhalazo sakho sibekwe kwimida yexesha elifanelekileyo
  • Umbuzo obonisa ukuba iingcebiso zakho zichanile
  • Ukuvavanywa kwengxelo yeNkcubeko

Uphando

Iqumrhu lineentsuku ezili-180 ukusuka kumhla owafaka ngawo isikhalazo sakho ukuze ugqibe uphando lwalo, olunokuthi luphakanyiswe ngezinye iintsuku ezili-180 ukuba iziganeko ezintsha zongezelelwe kwisikhalazo sakho okanye ukuba ufaka izikhalazo ezintsha ezimele zongezelelwe kwisikhalazo sakho sokuqala sokuphengulula.

Ngexesha lophando, iqumrhu liza kuthi:

  • Hlola onke amaxwebhu nobungqina obuninike bona
  • Udliwano - ndlebe nawe nawo nawuphi na amangqina
  • Ukucela ulwazi namaxwebhu kulowo uthe wawaphula
  • Ukuhamba ngezoshishino
  • Ukuqokelela ubungqina obungephi
  • Hlola enoba ubungqina buyawaxhasa kusini na amatyholo akho

Iqumrhu liza kwazisa umqeshi wiintsuku ezili-10, lowo utyholwayo uza kuphendula kwizityholo zakho aze anikele ubungqina namangqina abo.

Amathuba Okuzinza Nawokunxibelelana

Nanini na ngexesha lokukhalaza, isibonelelo sinokukuxelela ukuba uza kulungisa isikhalazo sakho, akunyanzelekanga ukuba uvume ukudityaniswa kwetyala lakho. Ukuba wena nelo qumrhu nithe naxa nisilungisa isikhalazo senu, siya kurhoxiswa yaye akukho sinyathelo sinye siya kuthatyathwa, yaye wena nesibonelelo niya kufuneka nikwenze oko nithembise ukukwenza ngesivumelwano.

Ukuba amagosa eEEOC agqiba kwelokuba umthetho wamalungelo abantu waphulwe, aya kuzama ukufikelela kwikhaya lokuzithandela nomqeshi wawo, yaye imibutho emininzi iya kukhetha ukuyicombulula le ngxaki ngokulungisa okanye ngokulungisana.

Ukuhlala apho kunokuzisa iingenelo ezininzi:

  • Uphando olupheleleyo kunye nenkqubo yophando
  • Ulawulo oluthe kratya kwiziphumo nakunyango
  • Ukuncitshiswa koxinezeleko nokungaqiniseki
  • Amalungiselelo emfihlo ukuba uyafuna
  • Ukujongana nokufumana

Noko ke, ufanele uqwalasele ngenyameko nasiphi na isibonelo sokuhlala yaye usenokufuna ukudibana negqwetha ngaphambi kokuba uvume.

Uphando Oluvelayo

Xa uphando lugqityiwe, eli qumrhu liya kukunika ukhetho olubini: mhlawumbi ucele ukuchotshelwa phambi koMgwebi woLawulo lweEOC okanye licele umbutho ukuba unikele isigqibo sokuba ucalucalulo lusenzekile kusini na.

Ukucela Ukuva

Ukuba ucela ukuchotshelwa, uMahluleli woLawulo (AJ) uza kulawula ukufunyanwa, aqhube ukuchotshelwa kwetyala, aze anikezele isigqibo esingokwaso. Xa iqumrhu lifumana isigqibo soMgwebi woBuphathi, isebe liya kukhupha umyalelo wokugqibela oya kukuxelela enoba isebe liyavumelana naMgwebi woLawulo kunye nokuba liya kunika imvume yomgwebi oyalelweyo. Iqumrhu liza kuba neentsuku ezingama-40 zokukhupha umyalelo wokugqibela, oya kukwaza kuba nenkcazelo ngelungelo lakho lokubhenela kuEOC, ilungelo lakho lokufaka inyathelo loluntu kwinkundla yesithili solawulo, kwaye ixesha lokukhupha isibheno sobabini nesenzo soluntu.

Ukucela Isigqibo Se-arhente

Ukuba ukhetha ukuba nengxelo yesebe yesigqibo ngaphandle kokuchongwa, umbutho uza kuhlola ifayile yophando kwaye ukhuphe isigqibo sokugqibela. Le nkqubo ikhawuleze kakhulu kunokucela ukuva kodwa ayiniki ithuba lokunikela ubungqina obuphilayo kunye nokuvavanya ngokunqamleza.

Ukunika ingxelo ngeenkonzo nangamacebo

Ukuqonda indima negunya lesebe ngalinye kukunceda uqinisekise ukuba uchaza into ongayichasiyo kwigunya elifanelekileyo.

Ingxakeko yomanyano

IKhomishini yeQumrhu eliLingeneyo lase-U.S. (EOC)

IEEOC lisebe eliyintloko lorhulumente elijongene nokunyanzelisa imithetho echasene nocalucalulo emsebenzini. IEEOC isingatha izikhalazo ezibandakanya oku:

  • Ucalucalulo ngemisebenzi olusekelwe kuhlanga, ibala, unqulo, isini, imvelaphi yesizwe, ubudala, ukukhubazeka okanye inkcazelo yemfuza
  • Ukukhathazwa ngokwesini emsebenzini
  • Ucalucalulo lokumitha
  • Inkcitho elinganayo
  • Ukuvunywa kwengxelo yocalulo okanye ukuthatha inxaxheba kuphando

IEOC ineeofisi kulo lonke elaseUnited States apho unokuzibhala khona izikhalazo, okanye uyakwazi ukufaka iifayile kwiWeb site yayo.

Ukuze ufumane ulwazi oluninzi, jonga i-website ye-EOC ku-' www.eoc.gov.

ISebe leMicimbi yoLuntu loLuntu

ISivumelwano saMalungelo esiSigxina seSebe leMithetho yaseUnited States simisa imithetho yamalungelo abantu esizwe kwaye sivavanya abantu okanye imibutho ephula le mithetho. ISivumelwano saMalungelo esiSimi sisingatha imicimbi emininzi yamalungelo abantu, kuquka:

  • Ukungalawuleki kwamapolisa kunye nokunyanzelwa ngokugqithiseleyo
  • Ucalucalulo lwezindlu
  • Ucalucalulo luvela kumasebe karhulumente nawasekuhlaleni
  • Ukuqhankqalaza amalungelo
  • Ukurhwetyeshwa kwabantu
  • Ulwaphulo-mthetho lwentiyo
  • Ucalucalulo kwiindawo zokuhlala zikawonke wonke
  • Ucalucalulo lonqulo
  • Ukungafezeki kwamalungelo
  • Ucalucalulo lwemfundo

Ungaxela ukwaphulwa kweDOJ yeSivili samaLungelo ngengxelo yabo ye-intanethi ekwizibuko okanye ngokuqhagamshelana nabo ngqo. Icandelo lihlola izikhalazo kwaye lingaqhuba uphando, ukumangalelwa kwefayile, okanye libhekisa imicimbi kwamanye amasebe afanelekileyo.

Ulwazi oluninzi, tyelela [[FLT: 0] ukhanyo. bulungisa.gov.

I-FBI)

IFBI iphanda ukwaphulwa kwamalungelo abantu, ingakumbi lawo abandakanya oku:

  • Ulwaphulo-mthetho lwentiyo
  • Imisebenzi yokwaphulwa komthetho
  • Ukurhwetyeshwa kwabantu
  • Inkululeko yokungena kwiminyango yekliniki

Ukuba ukholelwa ukuba ukhe wafumana ulwaphulo-mthetho oluthiyileyo okanye umthetho ongqongqo oye wabeka umthetho ongafanelekanga, kufuneka uqhagamshelane neFBI. Ungafaka ingxelo yakho kwi-intanethi nge-webhsayithi ye-FBI okanye uqhagamshelane neofisi ye-FBI yasekuhlaleni.

ISebe leMidlalo noPhuhliso lwase-Urball (HID)

I-HUD inyanzelisa ukuba kufakwe imigaqo ye-Pier House Act kwaye isingatha izikhalazo ezibandakanya ucalucalulo lwezindlu. Ungafaka isikhalazo kwi-HUD ukuba ukholelwa ukuba ukhe wacalucalulwe:

  • Ukurhweba okanye ukuthenga indlu
  • Ukufumana inkxaso-mali yendlu okanye yezindlu
  • Ukufikelela kwindlu kawonke-wonke
  • Ukukhathazwa ngabaninimzi okanye abamelwane

Izikhalazo zeHID zinokufakwa kwi - Internet, ngefowuni, ngeposi okanye ngenkqu kwiofisi ye - HUD.

ISebe le-Ofisi yemfundo yaMalungelo

ISebe lezemfundo le-Ofisi yamaLungelo e-Ofisi eBala liqinisekisa ukuba imithetho yamalungelo abantu egunyazisiweyo iyalwalela ucalucalulo kwiinkqubo zemfundo nakwimisebenzi efumana inkxaso-mali karhulumente. Oku kuquka izikhalazo ezibandakanya:

  • Ucalucalulo olusekelwe kuhlanga, ibala, imvelaphi yesizwe, isini, iziphene okanye ubudala
  • Ukuxhatshazwa ngokwesini nogonyamelo ngokwesini
  • Unyango olungalinganiyo kwiinkqubo zemfundo
  • Ukungafumani indawo yokuhlala kubafundi abaneziphene

Ezinye Iinkonzo Zomanyano

Amanye amaqumrhu amaninzi asekuhlaleni aneeofisi ezilwela amalungelo abantu ezisingatha izikhalazo ezinxulumene nemimandla yawo ethile yegunya:

  • ISebe Lemisebenzi: Ukhuseleko lwasemsebenzini
  • ISebe lezeMpilo nezeeNkonzo zoLuntu: ucalucalulo lwezempilo
  • Isebe lezothutho: Ufikelelo lwezinto zokuhamba
  • IKhomishini yoNxibelelwano lwamaPhondo: Unxibelelwano olufikelelekayo
  • Ulawulo Lokhuseleko Loluntu: Ukungafezeki kuyalunceda ucalucalulo

IiKhomishini zaMagunya oLuntu oMmandla

Uninzi lwamazwe kunye nolawulo lwasekuhlaleni luneekhomishini zalo zamalungelo abantu okanye amaqumrhu alwela amalungelo abantu anyanzelisa urhulumente kunye nemithetho yasekuhlaleni elwa nocalucalulo. La masebe asoloko enezikhuseli ezibanzi kunomthetho wesizwe kwaye anokugubungela iimpawu ezongezelelekileyo ezinje:

  • Imbonakalo yesondo neempawu zobufanasini (iindawo ezingaqulunqwanga ngumthetho wesizwe)
  • Umgangatho womtshato
  • Ukunxulumana Nezobupolitika
  • Isiphumo
  • Imbali Yezaphuli - mthetho

Isebe lasekuhlaleni nelasekuhlaleni linokuba luncedo ngokukhethekileyo kuba:

  • Basenokugqiba ixesha elide kunoorhulumente abagcina ixesha elininzi
  • Ngokufuthi zinikela ukhuseleko olungakumbi
  • Isenokuba lula ukufikelela kwaye iqhelene nemicimbi yasekuhlaleni
  • Zingasingatha izikhalazo ezingafikeleliyo kwiimfuno zolawulo lwamaqumrhu

Xhumana ne-ofisi yegqwetha likarhulumente wakho okanye khangela urhulumente wakho okanye ugunyaziso lwamalungelo abantu lwasekuhlaleni ukufumana umbutho ofanelekileyo kwindawo ohlala kuyo.

Imibutho yoncedo esemthethweni namalungelo oluntu

Imibutho emininzi engafumani ngeniso inikela uncedo lwasemthethweni ngesisa okanye ngexabiso eliphantsi kubantu abaye baphulwa amalungelo abantu.

  • Wazi amalungelo akho nendlela esemthethweni okhetha ngayo
  • Izikhalazo zefayili ezikumaziko afanelekileyo
  • Ukukhuthaza uphando
  • Fumana umelo olusemthethweni ukuba kuyimfuneko
  • Ukusetyenziswa kwenkxaso

Ezinye iintlangano eziphambili zamalungelo abantu ziquka:

  • Inkululeko Yabemi baseMerika (ACLU)
  • Imali yeNkxaso yoMgaqo-siseko wezeMthethweni nezemfundo
  • Imali yemfundo neNgxowa-mali yezeMithethweni yaseMexico (MALDEF)
  • AmaMerika AseAsia Ahambela Phambili Kokusesikweni
  • Lambda Esemthethweni (LGBTQ+ amalungelo)
  • Imfundo & amp; Imali yokhuselo yamalungelo aphelelwayo
  • Iziko lomthetho wamabhinqa esizwe
  • Uluntu olunikela uncedo olusemthethweni

Izikolo ezininzi zomthetho zikwaqhuba iikliniki zamalungelo abantu ezinikela uncedo lwasemthethweni olukhululekileyo ukuze kulungelwe abantu.

Umelo Olusemthethweni Nexesha Lokufihla Iattorney

Nangona kungafuneki ukuba umelwe ligqwetha ngexesha lokukhalaza, unelungelo lokuba negqwetha ukuba ufuna ukuba likho. Ungacela umntu ongengommeli wakho, okanye uzimele. IEEOC ayizukukumela ngexesha lesikhalazo, kwaye ayizukumisela igqwetha ukuba likumele.

Iingenelo Zomelo Olusemthethweni

Ngoxa unokusebenzisa inkqubo yokukhalaza ngamalungelo abantu ngaphandle kwegqwetha, ukumela okusemthethweni kunokunikela iingenelo ezibalulekileyo:

  • [[UMTL:0] Ikhuphiswano: amagqwetha amalungelo oluntu ayayiqonda imithetho entsonkothileyo kunye neenkqubo
  • Abalawuli bayakwazi ukuvelisa iindlela ezisebenzayo ezisemthethweni zokwenzela ityala lakho
  • Ukuhlanganisa: AmaAttorney ayazi ukuba bubuphi ubungqina obufunekayo nendlela yokubufumana
  • [[UMTL:0] Uqukuqelo: amagqwetha anamava angancokola ngokulunge ngakumbi ngokuhlala
  • [[UMTL:0] Ityala: Ukuba ityala lakho liya enkundleni, igqwetha lingakumela ngokunempumelelo
  • [[Ukhuseleko:0] Ukhuseleko: Abalawuli bangakukhusela kwimpindezelo kwaye baqinisekise ukuba amalungelo akho agciniwe
  • Injongo: Ii-Attorney zinika uhlolo lwenjongo lwamandla nobuthathaka bemeko yakho

Ixesha Lokucinga Ngendawo Yokufihla Inqwelo - moya

Kufuneka ucinge ngokungqongqo ngeli gqwetha ukuba:

  • Ityala lakho libandakanya imibandela enzima yomthetho okanye ukwaphula imithetho emininzi
  • Uvale umonakalo obalulekileyo okanye umonakalo
  • Lowo utyholwa ngokuphula umthetho unomelo olusemthethweni
  • Isikhalazo senu siphelisiwe yaye nifuna ukutsalwa
  • Ucinga ngokutyala
  • Ujongene nokuziphindezela ngokuxela
  • Ukuzinziswa koqhagamshelwano kuqalisile
  • Awuqinisekanga ngamalungelo akho asemthethweni okanye ukhetho
  • Inkqubo yophando ithatha ixesha elide kunokuba bekulindelekile
  • Kufuneka uncediswe ekuqokeleleni ubungqina okanye amangqina

Ukufumana Indawo Egalelwe Ngamalungelo Abantu

Ukuba ukholelwa ukuba amalungelo akho aphulwe, thetha negqwetha elinamava alwela amalungelo abantu. Banokuyihlolisisa into oyithethayo baze bancede bafumanise amanyathelo akho alandelayo okwenza isikhalazo esinempumelelo samalungelo abantu.

Ukufumana igqwetha elifanelekileyo elinamalungelo abantu:

  • Qhagamshelana norhulumente wakho okanye umanyano lwebar yobulali
  • Phendla koovimba beefayili abakwi-intanethi abakhethelwe ngokukhethekileyo umthetho wamalungelo abantu
  • Ukucela ingcebiso kwiintlangano zoncedo ezisemthethweni
  • Ukudibana namaqela athetha ngamalungelo abantu
  • Ucela abahlobo, intsapho okanye abo usebenza nabo abakhe bafumana amava afanayo
  • Isalathisi somsebenzi wePhondo

Amagqwetha amaninzi amalungelo abantu asebenza ngokuhlawula imali, oko kukuthi ahlawulwa kuphela ukuba uphumelele kwityala lakho. Amanye asenokunikela inkcitho yamahhala yokuqala okanye anciphise iindleko kubantu abanobuncwane obulinganiselweyo bemali.

Ukuwisa Umthetho Kwinkundla Yesizwe

Kufuneka uhambe kwinkqubo yolawulo yokhalazo phambi kokuba ulungise ityala. Noko ke, kukho iingongoma ezithile ngexesha unelungelo lokufaka inyathelo lempuku enkundleni yenkundla yesizwe.

Xa Unokuyifaka Imithetho

Kukho iingongoma ezininzi ezahlukeneyo ngexesha uzakuba nethuba lokuyeka inkqubo nokuyifaka uxwebhu kwinkundla, kuquka: Emva kweentsuku ezili-180 udlulise isikhalazo sakho, ukuba isibonelelo asikhuphanga sigqibo kwaye akukho sibheno sibekweyo; ngeentsuku ezingama-90 ukusuka kumhla ofumana isigqibo sombutho kwityala lakho, logama kungekho sibheno sibekwe enkundleni; okanye emva kweentsuku ezili-180 ukusuka kumhla owafaka isibheno sakho ukuba iEOC ayikhange iphumeze isigqibo.

Ukuba uthethwano lokubuyisana aluphumelelanga, iEEOC ingalithatha eli tyala ityala, okanye iyakuthumela isaziso seQinisekiso lasekunene kuSue. Ngoxa esi saziso sikuvumela ukuba ubhale ityala kwinkundla yamakhaya, aliqinisekisi iziphumo zokumangalelwa.

Ukubhabha Phantsi Kwecandelo Lowe - 1983

Xa amapolisa edlula, amaxhoba angafaka ityala lamalungelo abantu phantsi kwama-42 e-U.S.C. 1983, umthetho wesizwe ovumela abantu ukuba bamangalelwe ngabadlali bakarhulumente ngenxa yokwaphulwa komGaqo-siseko. ICandelo 1983 lisisixhobo esinamandla sokuphendula amagunya karhulumente aphule amalungelo abantu yaye linokunikela iingcaciso eziquka:

  • Umonakalo wengozi
  • Ukuphelisa ukwaphula umthetho okuqhubekayo
  • Ukubhengezwa kwamalungelo abantu
  • Imali nexabiso le-attorney

Ukuqwalasela Ngaphambi Kokubhala Umthetho Ofanelekileyo

Ukumangalelana sisigqibo esibalulekileyo esifuna uqwalaselo olululo:

  • Iikhompathimenti: Litigs zingabiza kakhulu, nangona amanye amagqwetha esebenza ekusebenziseni
  • Ixesha: Imithetho ingathatha iminyaka ukusombulula
  • Istres: Iligcio idla ngokudimazeka ngokweemvakalelo
  • [[UMTL:0] Azikho izinto eziqinisekisiweyo: Akukho siqinisekiso sokuphumelela okanye ukufumana amayeza anqwenelekayo
  • Ingxelo yeNkundla yeNkundla idla ngokuba nguwonke-wonke
  • Umngcipheko wokohlwaywa: Ukumangalelana kusenokunyusa umngcipheko wokuziphindezela

Noko ke, ukumangalelwa kunganikezela:

  • Isalathisi somsebenzi
  • Ulwaphulo-mthetho
  • Iqhinga elinceda abanye kwiimeko ezifanayo
  • Imvakalelo yokusesikweni nokuthethelelwa
  • Utshintsho lwenkqubo ngemiyalelo yenkundla

Izinto Ezinokunyangwa Nezonakaliso

Ukuba kuphulwe amalungelo abantu, ukufuna imbuyekezo yengozi ebangelwa kukusetyenziswa komthetho kungukhetho, yaye amagqwetha anamalungelo abantu anamava anokucebisa ngokusukela zonke iingozi zemali ezifanelekileyo ezikhoyo phantsi komthetho.

Iindidi Zomonakalo Ezikhoyo

Umonakalo Wokhuphiswano

Umonakalo wokuqokelela wenzelwe ukukwenza uphelele ngokuqokelela ilahleko yokwenene:

Imali elahlekileyo: Ukuba ukupheliswa okanye ucalucalulo olungekho mthethweni kukhokelela ekulahlekelweni yimivuzo, uhlawuliselo luhlawula umvuzo neenzuzo obuya kuzifumana. Oku kunokuquka nengeniso elahlekileyo kwixesha elizayo ukuba oko kuphazamisa umvuzo wakho wexesha elizayo.

Iindleko zonyango: Iindleko zemali ze-asethi ezingaphandle nakweliphi na icandelo lonyango, lonyango okanye lonyango oluhlaziyiweyo olufunyenweyo ngenxa yokwenzakala kokwaphulwa. Oku kuquka iindleko zezonyango zangaphambili nezexesha elizayo ezinxulumene noko kwaphulwa.

Ukubandezeleka ngokweemvakalelo: Ukufuna ukuphelisa ukubandezeleka, kuquka ukuxhalaba, udandatheko, ukwenzakala okanye ezinye iingxaki ezifunyaniswe zinxulumene noko kuphazamiseka kwengqondo.

Olunye umonakalo wokuhlahlela ungaquka:

  • Umonakalo wempahla
  • Ukulahlekelwa
  • Inkcitho yemali engaphandle kwebhokhwe
  • Ukuphulukana namathuba emfundo okanye
  • Ukonakala kodumo

Umonakalo Obangelwa Kuko

Ukuba ulwaphulo-mthetho lunetyala, lungakhathali okanye luyingozi, kuhlawulwa isohlwayo semali, kwaye kusenziwa ezinye iingozi. Umonakalo wesohlwayo wenzelwe ukohlwaya lowo waphulayo kwaye uthintela ihambo efanayo kwixesha elizayo. Olu monakalo udla ngokufumaneka kuphela kwiimeko ezibandakanya ukophulwa ngempazamo okanye ngokungekho mthethweni.

Ukubonelela

Ukongezelela kumonakalo wemali, iinkundla namaqumrhu anokuyalela ukuba kukhululwe ngokungenasingxengxezo, kuquka:

  • Ukubuyiselwa kumsebenzi
  • Ukukhuthaza okanye ukuqesha
  • Utshintsho lomgaqo-nkqubo ukuthintela ukwaphulwa
  • Iinkqubo zoqeqesho lokuthobela amalungelo abantu
  • Ukujongwa nokungakhathalelwa kwezenzo zomntu owophulayo
  • Ukungaququzeli kokuthintela izenzo ezithile zocalulo
  • ISebe libonise ukuba liyakwazi ukuxhasa

Iindleko neAttorney

Kwimeko ezininzi zamalungelo abantu, ukuba uyaphumelela, lowo waphulayo kufuneka ahlawule iindleko zegqwetha lakho kunye neendleko zemali. Eli lungiselelo linceda ukuqinisekisa ukuba abantu banokukwazi ukufikelela kwimali efunwa ngamalungelo abantu naxa bengenamali.

Ukuzikhusela Ekuhlawulelweni

Umthetho uyakukhusela ekuziphindezeleni ukuba uluchasa ucalucalulo lwemisebenzi, ulubeke phantsi ucalulo, okanye ube nenxaxheba kwinkqubo ye-EEO (nakuba isikhalazo asisiso esakho). Ukubuyiselwa komntwana ngokwako kukuchaswa kwamalungelo abantu yaye kuthatyathwa nzulu ngamagosa neenkundla.

Oko Kubangela Ukuba Ukuziphatha Okubi Kubuyiselwe

Ukubuyiselwa kwenzeka xa umntu othile ethabatha inyathelo elibi kuwe kuba uxele ukuba uphulwe amalungelo abantu okanye unenxaxheba kuphando. Izenzo zokuziphindezela ziquka:

  • Ukuphelisa, umgangatho, okanye ukukhanyelwa konyuselo
  • Ukuncitshiswa komvuzo
  • Uvavanyo lwemisebenzi olurhoxileyo
  • Uphando oluthe chatha okanye uqeqesho
  • Ubume bomsebenzi obuzaliswe ngabachasi
  • Ukucinywa kwiintlanganiso okanye amathuba
  • Izisongelo
  • Ugonyamelo okanye ukukhathazwa
  • Ukufumana okanye ukukhanyelwa kwendlu
  • Ukukhanyela iinkonzo okanye iinzuzo

Amanyathelo Okuzikhusela

  • Uxwebhu lonke: Gcina iingxelo ezineenkcukacha zonxibelelwano kunye naluphi na utshintsho kunyango emva kokuvala isikhalazo sakho
  • [[UMTL:0] Ingxelo yokubuyisela ngoko nangoko: Fakela isikhalazo esahlukileyo ukuba ufumana impindezelo
  • [[UMTL:0] Wazi amalungelo akho: Ukuqonda ukuba ukuziphindezela akuvumelekanga kwaye unokhuseleko olusemthethweni
  • [[UMTL: 0] Gcina imisebenzi: Qhubeka usenza imisebenzi yakho okanye iimbopheleleko zakho kangangoko unako
  • [[UMTL:0] Funa inkxaso: Ukudibanisa nemibutho yobugxwayiba, amaqela okuxhasa, okanye abacebisi
  • [[UMTL: 0] Igqwetha: umelo olusemthethweni lunokukunceda ekukhuseleni ekuziphindezeleni
  • [[UMTL:0] ubungqina obugciniweyo: Gcina ii-imeyili, imiyalezo yokubhaliweyo, kunye nezinye uthungelwano
  • [[FLT: 0] Ichaza amangqina: Qaphela nabani na ophawula isimilo sokuziphindela

Ukuqwalaselwa Ngokukhethekileyo Kwabemi Abathile

Abaqeshwa Abamanyeneyo

Ukuba ungumqeshwa okanye ucela umsebenzi, umthetho uyakukhusela ekucalucalulweni ngenxa yohlanga lwakho, ibala, unqulo, isini (kuquka imo ye-transgender, imbonakalo yesini, kunye nokukhulelwa), imvelaphi yesizwe, iminyaka yobudala okanye inkcazelo yemfuza. Abasebenzi bomanyano kunye nabasebenzi banemiqathango efanayo, kodwa inkqubo eyahlukileyo yokukhalaza, kunye nenkqubo yokufaka isikhalazo socalucalulo kwiqulucalulo sikarhulumente ngokuchasene nomqeshi karhulumente ongomnye okanye kawonke.

Abasebenzi bomanyano kufuneka balandele iinkqubo ezichaziweyo ezicaciswe yi-ofisi ye-EEO yombutho kunye ne-Ofisi ye-EEOC yemisebenzi yeFederal.

Abantu Abanemiqathango Elinganiselweyo Yokuzingca NgesiNgesi

I-OCR iza kunikela uncedo lolwimi ngaphandle kwexabiso kubuchule obulinganiselweyo bamaNgesi. Nceda sazise ukuba unengxaki yolwazi lwesiNgesi okanye ufuna uncedo lokunxibelelana ne-OCR. CR. Cela itoliki okanye ukuba izixhobo eziguqulelweyo zikhona xa uqhagamshelana nathi.

Inkoliso yamaziko karhulumente kufuneka anikele uncedo lweelwimi, kuquka:

  • Ukudlulisela ulwazi lwefowuni kunye neentlanganiso ezi-epersonal
  • Iifomu zokukhalaza nezinto zokwakha eziguqulelweyo
  • Amalungu abasebenzi abasebenzisa ibhayisekile
  • Uncedo lolwimi

Musa ukuvumela imiqobo yolwimi ikuthintele ekuxeleni ukwaphulwa kwamalungelo abantu. Cela uncedo lolwimi xa uqhagamshelana naye nawuphi na umbutho.

Abantu Abaneziphene

Amasebe alungelelanisiweyo kunye namaqumrhu amaninzi karhulumente kufuneka anike abantu abaneziphene ezifanelekileyo ngalo lonke ixesha lokukhalaza. Oku kusenokuquka:

  • Enye intlobo yamaxwebhu (ushicilelo olukhulu, i-Braille, isandi)
  • Isalathisi sentetho yezandla
  • Iindawo zentlanganiso eziFikelelekayo
  • Ixesha elongeziweyo lokubhala okanye lokuphendula
  • Uncedo lweefomu zokugqiba
  • Ubugcisa obufumanekayo bokwenza ifayile kwi-intanethi

Cela indawo yokuhlala xa uqala ukuqhagamshelana nesebe, yaye musa ukuthandabuza ukucela indawo yokuhlala eyongezelelekileyo xa ifuneka.

Abantu Abangenayo Ingxaki

Apho ukuphulwa komGaqo-siseko kwenzekayo kwiintolongo kubantu abalindele ukuchotshelwa kwetyala nabangazange bagwetywe (ababanjwa etyala), baphulwa uMphetho-nkqubo weshumi elinesine, othintela ukuncitshiswa kobomi, inkululeko, okanye impahla ngurhulumente ngaphandle kwenkqubo efanelekileyo yomthetho. Apho oko kwaphulwa komgaqo-siseko kwenzekayo ezitolongweni kubantu abagwebayo emva kokugwetywa, baphule iMiqathango yeSength Refection ekwalela isohlwayo nengaqhelekanga.

Abantu abaphulweyo banelungelo lokunikela ingxelo yokwaphulwa kwamalungelo abantu, kuquka:

  • Amagosa alungisayo asebenzisa umkhosi ogqithisileyo
  • Unyango olungenazo iindleko
  • Iimeko ezikhuselekileyo okanye ezingezizo iimpawu zobuntu
  • Ucalucalulo olusekelwe kwiimpawu ezikhuselweyo
  • Ukukhanyela indawo yokuhlala yonqulo
  • Ukubuyiselwa kwezikhalazo ezingxamisekileyo

Inkoliso yezakhiwo zokulungisa zinenkqubo zangaphakathi zezikhalazo ezimele ziphele ngaphambi kokukhupha izikhalazo zangaphandle.

  • ISebe leMicimbi yeSizwe
  • Isalathisi somsebenzi wePhondo
  • Amagosa ajongene nokubanjwa
  • Imibutho yamalungelo abantu ekhethe amalungelo amabanjwa

Amanye Amacebiso Okunikela Iingxelo

Yiba Ngocacileyo Uze Ube Nengcungcutheko

Xa uchaza isikhalazo sakho, nikela inkcazelo ecacileyo neyinyaniso ngaphandle kokuthetha ngokungeyomfuneko.

  • Okwenzekileyo
  • Ingxelo yeNkcubeko
  • Ngubani owayebandakanyekile
  • Isizathu sokuba ukholelwe ukuba yayikukwaphulwa kwamalungelo abantu
  • Okukhuselweyo
  • Ukubandezeleka kwakho
  • Unyango olufunayo

Lungiselela inkcazelo yakho ngendlela elandelelana ngayo ukuze kube lula ngabaphandi ukuba baqonde isikhalazo sakho.

Gcina Ikopi Yazo Zonke Iincwadi Zokuphendula Iindlebe Neengxelo

Gcina uxwebhu olupheleleyo lwawo onke amaxwebhu anxulumene nesikhalazo sakho, kuquka:

  • Ukukhalaza kokuqala kunye nazo zonke iziphelo
  • Iqinisekisa amanani neerisithi
  • Zonke iileta ezibhalelwe abasebenzi
  • Ukuphendula kwabo batyholwayo
  • Ingxelo yophando
  • Izipho zohlaziyo
  • Izigqibo nemiyalelo
  • Uxwebhu lobheno

Gcina imibhalo ephathekayo neyombane kwindawo ekhuselekileyo. Ungaze uthumele amaxwebhu asuka nje ngaphandle kokuba kufuneka, kwaye usoloko uzigcinela wona.

Samkela Ngokukhawuleza Kwizicelo

Xa amasebe ecela inkcazelo eyongezelelekileyo okanye amaxwebhu, phendula ngokukhawuleza kangangoko kunokwenzeka.

  • Name
  • Uphulukene nokusigxotha isikhalazo sakho
  • Yenza imeko yakho ibe yebuthathaka
  • Yenza ukuba uphoswe lixesha elibalulekileyo

Ukuba ufuna ixesha elingakumbi lokuphendula, qhagamshelana naloo nkampani ngoko nangoko ukuze ucele isongezo uze uchaze isizathu sokuba ufuna ixesha elingakumbi.

Londoloza Ubuchule

Kuyo yonke le nkqubo yokukhalaza, hlala unxibelelana nabo bonke abantu ngobuchule nangentlonelo, kuquka:

  • abacuphi nabasebenzi
  • Isalathisi esityholwayo nabameli baso
  • amaNgqina
  • abameli okanye amagqwetha akho

Ihambo yoogqirha ikwenza uthembeke ngakumbi yaye ibonisa ukuba uzimisele ukuba ukhalaze.

Funa Inkxaso

Ukuchaza ukuphulwa kwamalungelo abantu kunokuba nzima ngokweemvakalelo.

  • Intsapho nabahlobo
  • Amaqela axhasa abantu abaye baphulwa ngokufanayo
  • Iingcali zempilo yengqondo
  • Abameli Bonqulo Okanye Bomoya
  • Amalungelo abantu
  • Iinkqubo zoncedo lwabasebenzi

Ukunyamekela impilo yakho ngokweemvakalelo neyngokwengqondo ngalo lonke ixesha kubalulekile ukuze ube bhetele kwaye ukwazi ukusukela isikhalazo sakho ngokuphumelelayo.

Ukuqonda Izinto Ezisikelwe Umqathango

Nangona inkqubo yokukhalaza ngamalungelo abantu inika ukhuseleko olubalulekileyo kunye neendlela zonyango, kubalulekile ukuqonda imiqathango yayo:

  • Izikhalazo azibangelwa kukuphula umthetho
  • Uphando lunokuthatha iinyanga okanye iminyaka
  • Iindlela zokusilungisa zisenokuthintelwa ngumthetho okanye ligunya lesebe
  • Okunye ukwaphulwa komthetho kusenokungaqukwa yimithetho ekhoyo
  • Inkqutyana zelifa lemveli zinezibonelelo ezisikelwe umda kwaye kufuneka zimisele imicimbi

Ukuqonda ezi zinto zisikelwe umda kukunceda uhlale ulindele izinto ezisengqiqweni ngoxa uqhubeka uzabalazela okusesikweni.

Khawucinge ngeAvenues Ezininzi

Kuxhomekeka kwimeko yakho, usenokuba neendlela ezininzi zokuthetha ngokuphulwa kwamalungelo abantu:

  • Izikhalazo eziqhathayo ezivela kumaqumrhu amaninzi (amaziko asekuhlaleni, urhulumente, nasekuhlaleni)
  • Ukuququzelela izikhalazo zolawulo nokumangalelwa
  • Ukufuna uncedo kwiintlangano
  • Ukuncedisa ekumangaliseni abantu okanye ekunikeleni ingqalelo kumajelo eendaba
  • Ukuthatha inxaxheba kwizenzo zokumangalela zeklasi
  • Ukuxhasa utshintsho lowiso-mthetho okanye lomgaqo-nkqubo

Igqwetha okanye umbutho wobugcisa unokukunceda uqonde zonke izinto onokuzikhetha uze wenze ubuchule obucacileyo.

Impembelelo Ebanzi Yokwaphula Amalungelo Abantu

Ukuchaza ukuphulwa kwamalungelo abantu kunceda wonke umntu ahlale kwindawo yomsebenzi ekhuselekileyo. Ngaphandle kokufuna unyango lomntu ngamnye, ukuchaza ukwaphulwa kwamalungelo abantu kufeza iinjongo ezibalulekileyo:

Ukukhusela Abanye

Into engalungiyo kukuqhubeka uyivumela ukuba yenzeke. Ukuba kwenzeka kuwe, kwenzeka kwabanye kwaye uyakwazi ukukunceda ekuyimiseni. Ngokuxela ukwaphulwa komthetho, unceda ekukhuseleni abanye ekuboneni umonakalo ofanayo kwaye ufak ’ isandla ekudaleni imeko-bume ekhuselekileyo, elinganayo.

Ukukhuthaza ukuphendula

Sinetyala kumasebe amapolisa, koomasipala nakumagosa xa ephula amalungelo omGaqo-siseko afunwe ukuba aza kuwakhusela.

Utshintsho Lwenkqubo Yokudala

Ukubeka amaziko anokuphendula kungeyogosa ngalinye, kodwa kwanamasebe akhuthaza iindlela zokuziphatha okubi. Ukukhalaza kungakhokelela:

  • Isalathisi somsebenzi wePhondo
  • Iinkqubo zoqeqesho eziphuculiweyo
  • Ukujonga nokuhlola okuxhotyisiweyo
  • Utshintsho olusemthethweni
  • Ukwanda kolwazi ngemibandela yamalungelo abantu
  • Ukuguqukela kwenkcubeko ukuya kulingana kakhulu

Igalelo Kulwazi Olusemthethweni

Amatyala eNkundla Ephakamileyo angundoqo ekucaciseni nasekukhuliseni amalungelo abantu, esingatha ukwahlukana, ukulingana komtshato, namalungelo okuqhomfa phakathi kwabanye. Namhlanje, iinkundla ziseyindlela exabisekileyo yokuphendula izityholo ngoxa ziphakamisa amalungelo akhuselwe ngumGaqo-siseko. Ityala lakho lingafak' isandla ekumiseleni imizekelo esemthethweni enceda abanye kwiimeko ezifanayo.

Isiphelo

Ukuchaza amalungelo abantu kunelungelo lobuqu nembopheleleko yesizwe. Ngoxa le nkqubo inokuba lucelomngeni kwaye isenokuba lucelomngeni, iqonde amalungelo akho, ibhale ngokucokisekileyo, ichaze abameli abafanelekileyo, ilandele iinkqubo ezifanelekileyo kwandisa amathuba okuba kubekho impumelelo. Nokuba ukhetha ukusebenzisa imigaqo esemthethweni okanye ukuthatha inyathelo lokunikela ingxelo yokwaphulwa kwamalungelo abantu kunceda ukuqinisekisa ukuba umele ugwetyelwe kwaye unegalelo kwibutho labantu elilungeleleneyo.

Amalungelo oluntu nawomgaqo-siseko abalulekile ekulondolozeni inkululeko yomntu ngamnye ngoxa kuxhaswa okusesikweni nokulinganayo kwibutho labantu. Ngokumela amalungelo akho nokuwaxela xa ephulwa, udlala indima ebalulekileyo ekukhuseleni le nkululeko isisiseko kwizizukulwana zangoku nezexesha elizayo. Khumbula ukuba oovimba abaninzi, abameli, nemibutho emininzi ikhona ukukuxhasa kuyo yonke le nkqubo, kwaye akumele umelane nokuchaswa kwamalungelo abantu kuphela.

Ukuba ukholelwa ukuba amalungelo akho angabantu aphulwe, musa ukuphoxeka ukwenza okuthile. Xelelani isiganeko, chaza umbutho ofanelekileyo wokunikela ingxelo, bhalani isikhalazo senu phakathi kwemiqathango esebenzayo, kwaye funa inkxaso kwiingcaphephe ezingokwasemthethweni kunye nemibutho yezobuzwi. Imicimbi yelizwi lakho, kunye nokubika ukwaphulwa kwamalungelo abantu linyathelo elibalulekileyo ekudaleni ibutho labantu elinobulungisa nelilungeleleneyo kubo bonke.