Ucalucalulo lobudala luhlala lulolona hlobo localulo oluzingisileyo nolungahoywayo kwinkqubo yokuqesha. Phezu kwayo nje iminyaka engamashumi engamashumi engamashumi eenkqubo zokukhusela okusemthethweni, uphando oluvela kumaqumrhu e-AARP afana ne-Uncimel Accomplication Opportorm Commission (EOC) lubonisa ukuba abasebenzi abadala basoloko bejongene nemiqobo esekelwe kuphela kubudala babo, ngoxa abatsha abatsha abathathi bajongwe njengabangenamava okanye abangaqinisekwanga. Nangona kunjalo abaqeshwayo baqeshwayo bafumana isigqibo sokuqeshwa ngokufanelekileyo, iziphumo zekhethelo-luvo olufunekayo lokunga olungaphaya kwemiqatha: banciphisa ukwandiswa kwemisebenzi, kwaye bangenza isidima ukusetyenziswa kwenkampani njengomqeshisi opheleleyo.

Ukuqonda Ubudala Ekufihleni

Ucalucalulo lobudala, olukwabizwa ngokuba kukungalingani, ikhethe, okanye ucalucalulo ngabantu ngenxa yobudala babo. Kwimeko yokuqeshwa, lungachaphazela abo batshayelwayo eziphelweni zombini — abacela abadala bangajongwa njengabangaphumelelanga, abangakwaziyo ukutshintsha, okanye abangakwaziyo ukunxibelelana nobugcisa, ngoxa abatsha abacelayo besenokungajongwa njengabanomxholo, abangenamava, okanye abangenwanga ngokwaneleyo. Eli candelo lichaza uhlobo lobudala, imiqondiso yabo, nesizathu sokuba kufuneka balufumane ngoqeqesho lobuchule.

Ukudibana Kweminyaka: Inkcitho Nento Epheleleyo

Ucalucalulo lobudala luvuleke ngokuzenzekelayo — umphathi woqeshi uthi “Sifuna umntu oselula kule ndima” okanye inkcazelo yomsebenzi ethi“ ophumeleleyo uthanda ukuphumelela” ngaphandle kwemfuneko yeshishini. Le mizekelo ingaphezulu kakhulu ilula ukuyiqonda kwaye ilungise. Okunye okungaqondakaliyo kucacile (okanye ongazi nto) ubudala, obusebenza ngaphaya kokuqonda. Amashumi eminyaka okudityaniswa kwebutho labantu athelekelele kwimibutho yethu yengqondo: umfanekiso womqeshwa we-"" usoloko eselula; umfanekiso womqeshwa“ osisigxina” umdala. Xa umhloli wexesha elincinane ethatha ixesha eliquka ukuququkumbela umhla wokuphumelela kowe-1990, okanye xa ethetha nge-aqolo oluthe qhutye, usoloko esebenza ngolu hlobo lohlobo lokubhala.

Uphando olusuka kwiJournal of Applied Psychology lubonisa ukuba abaphathi abaqeshi basoloko bebonisa ukhetho lwabatsha abacela uncedo naxa abakhulileyo beneemfaneleko ezingakumbi. Uvavanyo lwasentsimini olwaziwayo luthumele amawaka ee-endumiso zenkohliso kwimisebenzi evulwayo kwaye lufumanise ukuba abafaki-zicelo kunyaka wama-40 babe sengozini encinane yokufumana ii-dityaniselwa kwakhona kunabo bakwiminyaka yama-20. Ngokufanayo, abaselula abacela uncedo ngamanye amaxesha bajamelana “nesohlwayo sobuntwana,” ngokukodwa kwimisebenzi egxininisa amava okanye ukhokelo. Ukuqonda zombini iintlobo zekhethe zinyathelo lokuqala elibalulekileyo kuqeqesho.

Iintlobo zeStereo esekelwe kwiXesha Eliqhelekileyo

Udidi lwemiboniso yabasebenzi abakhulileyo luquka ukuqiqa ukuba abakwazi ukumelana nobugcisa obutsha, banemigangatho esezantsi yamandla, babiza imali eninzi ukuhlawula, okanye baza kuthatha umhlala-phantsi kamsinya emva kokuqeqeshwa. Uqikelelo oluqhelekileyo lwabasebenzi abaselula luquka ukuthelekisa ukuba abanyaniseki, bafuna ukhokelo olugqithisileyo, abanyani, okanye abanaso sobuchule. Ezi zifundo ziqhubekeka nangona zikho nanini na — kuquka imeta-lysis encinci ngo-SRM — bonisa ukuba umsebenzi awuhambelani nobudala obuncinci. Abasebenzi abadala basoloko bengenawo amaqondo aphantsi okujika kunye nokutshisa ixesha elihlawulwayo elincinane, ngoxa abasebenzi abaselula befumana iimbono ezintsha kunye nokhupho lwe-micu. Uqeqesho kufuneka bajongene ngqo nobungqina obuqhelekileyo.

Isiphumo Seenjongo Zenkqubela Zenkqubo

Ucalucalulo lobudala alulwenzi nje kuphela ingozi. Iinkampani ezivumela ukuqeshwa kobudala kuphembelela ukuphoswa kwiqumrhu elikhulu letalente. Uphando oluvela kwiHarvard Business Review lubalaselisa ukuba amaqela ahlukeneyo ahamba ngeminyaka asebenza ngokulinganayo amaqela ahlukeneyo asebenzisanayo ngokucombulula iingxaki ezinkulu kunye nokuhlaziywa ngenxa yokuba adibanisa iimbono ezahlukeneyo namava. Ngaphezu koko, ukudityaniswa kwe-lithamsazo kuhlala kusisisongelo sokwenene: i-EOC ifumene amakhulu ezigidi zeerandidi kwiimeko zocalucalulo lwangoku. Umonakalo olukhoyo lungathandekiyo — abacingelwa ngokwabelana amava olwazi aphezulu, oknanelisa isiphiwo sombilini. Uqeqesho olusebenzayo lunciphisa ezi ngxaki xa kulwakhalo lwenkculo lomsebenzi oluphuma kwinzala kwisizukulwana ngasinye.

Isalathisi somsebenzi osemthethweni kunye neeNkxaso

Ukuqonda indlela esemthethweni yeyokulawula imimandla yelizwe kuyinxalenye ebalulekileyo kuyo nayiphi na inkqubo yokuqeqesha yokucalucalula. Umanyano, urhulumente, yaye ngamanye amaxesha imithetho yasekuhlaleni iyaluthintela ucalucalulo olusekelwe kubudala ekuqeshweni, kwaye ukungazi kwale mithetho akuyondlela yokuzikhusela. AbaPhathi-lwazi-magama kunye noogxala-nxaxheba kwiHR kufuneka bazi ileta kunye nomoya wezi zikhuseli.

Inkcaso yexesha ekwiMgaqo-nkqubo woMsebenzi (ADEA)

I-ADEA, eyamiselwa ngo1967, ikhusela abantu abaneminyaka engama-40 nangaphezulu ekucalucalulweni ngemisebenzi esekelwe kwiminyaka yobudala. Isebenza kubaqeshi abaneminyaka engama-20 okanye ngaphezulu, kuquka urhulumente, urhulumente, kunye nemikhosi yasekuhlaleni. Umthetho uyalwalela ucalucalulo nakuyiphi na inkalo yomsebenzi — kuquka ukuqeshwa, ukudutyulwa, ukunyuselwa, nokuhlawulelwa. Okubalulekileyo, i-ADEA ayaya iyayalela ukuba kubekho iinkqubo zokungathathi calathi cala ngaphandle kokuba umqeshi unokubonakalisa ukuba inkqubo isekelwe kwinkalo esengqiqweni yeminyaka (RFOAA). Uqeqesho lufanele lucacise ukuba le nto ingumgca ophezulu kunobulungisa obulula. Ukucacingisiswa kwe-ADEAAA, ibhekisa kumaziko e-[FLD:0]

Imithetho

Amaphondo amaninzi anemithetho yocalucalulo yobudala bawo, eminye yayo enikela ukhuseleko olubanzi kune-ADEA. Umzekelo, eminye imithetho karhulumente ikhusela abasebenzi abangaphantsi kweminyaka engama-40, kwaye eminye igquma abaqeshi abancinane abangengathobelwa yi-ADEA. Oomasipala abambalwa banemithetho ekwalela ngayo ngokucacileyo ucalucalulo lobudala kwintengiso bemisebenzi okanye efuna abaqeshi ukuba banikezele uqeqesho lobudala. Iinkqubo zoqeqesho kufuneka zilungiswe kwiindawo apho umbutho usebenza khona, kwaye icebiso elingomthetho kufuneka lihlole izinto zoqeqesho ukuqinisekisa ukuba ucalucalucalucalucalucalulo lweminyaka kwimisebenzi yokuthengisa okanye zifuna abaqeshinanelo lweminyaka ukulungiselela uqeqesho.

Iziphumo Zokungabikho Kwemvume

Ukungathobeli iADEA kungaphumela kwimbuyekezo yokuhlawula, intlawulo ephambili, ilahleko yokuhlahlela, kwaye kwezinye iimeko ilahleko efunyenwe imoshakele ukuba ulwaphuko lufunyaniswe ukuba lungabonwa ngabom. Umqeshi usenokuyalelwa ukuba aqeshe umqeshwa ocalukileyo okanye akhuthaze umqeshwa, kunye nemali ehlawulwa ngamagqwetha. Ngaphandle kwemiqathango yemali engqalileyo, iinkampani ezifunyaniswe zimele zisebenzise iinguqu zenkqubo, njengoqeqesho olongezelelekileyo kunye neemfuno zokunika ingxelo. Ukunika imizekelo yokwenene ye-EOC ekhoyo kusenokuba nempembelelo enkulu ebudeni benkqubo yoqeqesho, ibonisa ukuba ucalucalucalucalulo akuso nje kuphela lweminyaka lungasozwangalulo olufanelekileyo — lungabizi mali.

Ukuyila Uqeqesho Lwemizimba Enempumelelo

Uqeqesho lwemfumba yobudala kufuneka ludlule ngaphaya kwesehlo sohlobo olunye. Iinkqubo ezisebenzayo zidityaniswe, zisebenzisane, zisekelwe kubungqina, kwaye ziqiniswe ngokuhamba kwexesha. Inkqubo yoyilo iqala ngokuvavanya ngokucokisekileyo imisebenzi yoqeshiweyo nenkcubeko ekhoyo yentlangano.

Uqheliselo lokuzingela lwangoku

Phambi kokuphuhlisa uqeqesho, qokelela ugcino-lwazi lobukhulu kunye noludityanisiweyo ngendlela ubudala obunokuba buchaphazela ngayo iziphumo zokuqesha. Amaqela e-HR anako ukuhlola ugcino-lwazi lwendlela yokuhamba yokucela, udliwano-ndlebe oluphuma kwinani lokunikezela, kunye nomlinganiselo wobudala bomqeshwa obutsha obusetyenziswa lisebe. Uhlolisiso lwakutshanje lwabafaki-zicelo, abasebenzi, kunye noomphathi abaqeshwa banokuveza iimbono ezithe ngqo malunga nobungangalingani. Ngaphezu koko, uhlolo nodliwano-ndlebe lolwimi lomntu osele ebudaleni lulula kodwa lubonisa indlela yokuguqula. Olu hlolisiso lunika isiseko ngokuchasene nokuphumelela koqeqesho lunokulinganiswa kwaye luqinisekise ukuba uqeqesho luthi luchaze iingcacike iingcaphu ezikhoyo kwimiba ezikhoyo kwintlangano.

Ukuvelisa Imizekelo Yokwenene Nohlolisiso Lwezifo

Abantu bafunda kakuhle xa besebenzisa izinto ezilula xa bejamelene neemeko ezicacileyo.

  • Udliwano - ndlebe lweqela apho abathathi-nxaxheba ababini — abaneminyaka engama-77 ubudala noneminyaka engama-58 ubudala — banobuchule obufanayo; umcuphi ngamnye uchaza njani “umgangatho”?
  • Indima yobunjineli becomputer efuna ulwazi ngolwimi olufundwa ngumntu omdala kwiminyaka engamashumi eyadlulayo, ngoxa lowo uselula elufunde esikolweni; ulujonga njani ubuchule obufanelekileyo?
  • Umntu oza kubhalisa ngaphakathi oneminyaka engama-30 yamava ucela ukuthatha inyathelo lasemva; umphathi oqeshiweyo uxhalabele “ukuphucula.” Ufanele aphandwe njani loo nto?

Sebenzisa imithambo edlala indima apho abathathi-nxaxheba betshintshana phakathi komntu oncokolayo kunye nomntu ojolise kuye, nempendulo ejoliswe xa kuvela iimbono ezinxulumene nobudala.

Isalathisi somsebenzi wePhondo

Iinkqubo ezininzi zoqeqesho ziquka uvavanyo lobudala olunxulumene nonxulumano olucacileyo ukuze zinike abathathi-nxaxheba ingxelo ecacileyo kwimikhethe yabo efihlakeleyo. Ngoxa i-IAT ingesiso iqondo eligqibeleleyo lokuziphatha, ingaba sisixhobo esinamandla sokulungisa ingxubusho enyanisekileyo. Isitshixo kukulungiselela iziphumo hayi njengomgwebo wobuntu, kodwa njengendawo yokuqala yokuzihlola. Ukulandela i-IAT, abathathi-nxaxheba kufuneka baxubushe amacebo okuthothisa iinkqubo zabo zesigqibo baze baxhomekeke kwimigaqo ecwangcisiweyo yoqikelelo olufanelekileyo — iindlela ezimbini ezibubungqina obubuya umva ukunciphisa impembelelo yokuzicingela okupheleleyo.

Iindlela zokudlulisela nokulungisa

Uqeqesho olusekelwe kubuntu obudala lufanele lube nentlonelo nokhuseleko ukuze abo bathetha nabo baxele ngezinto ezibahleleyo — kuquka naziphi na iingxaki abasenokuba nazo.

Iivenkile Zokusebenzelana Kunokwenza Izinto Ezingekhoyo

Uphando oluqhubekayo lubonisa ukuba uqeqesho lokusebenzisana luvelisa utshintsho olukhulu lwesimilo kunokuthabatha ulwazi olungekhoyo. Sebenzisa indibaniso yeengxoxo zeqela elincinane, uphando olukhoyo, iinkqubo zokuphendula abaphulaphuli, kunye nemithambo yentlanzi encinci. Umzekelo, emva kokunikeza inkcazelo yomsebenzi equlethe ikhowudi yexesha elifihlakeleyo (amagama afana “i-energet,”" okanye“ elixesha”), cela abathathi-nxaxheba ukuba bachaze ulwimi olunengxaki ngexesha lokwenene. Ngoko bacele ukuba babhale kwakhona inkcazelo ngendlela engobundileleyo. Le sicelo sifaka ulwazi.

Umthetho Ogwebayo Nemizekelo Yamajelo

Discussing actual EEOC lawsuits or prominent news stories about age discrimination can make the risks feel real. However, ensure that the tone is not shaming; instead, frame these as learning opportunities. For instance, the EEOC’s case against a major tech company that systematically dismissed older applicants can be used to illustrate how systemic bias can develop even in “progressive” workplaces. Discuss what went wrong at each step of the hiring process and what could have been done differently with proper training.

Ukuthetha Noxhathiso Lomthabathi-nxaxheba

Abanye abaphathi basenokusiphikisa, bephikisa ngelithi ucalucalulo lobudala asiyombambano kwisebe labo okanye ukuba ukugxininisa kwikhethe lomntu kubenza bazive betyholwe. Abaququzeleli abanobuchule bayazivuma ezi zinto ngaphandle kokuzikhupha. Sebenzisa inkcazelo evela kwintlangano ukuze uphando lubonise ukuba ikhethe linokubakho ngaphandle kwenjongo embi. Gxiniwe ukuba injongo ayikokubeka ityala abantu, kodwa kukungagwebi ngendlela esesikweni kwiinkqubo zentlangano. Xa abathathi-nxaxheba beqonda ukuba ikhethe linguphawu lomntu oqhelekileyo — kwaye ukuqonda kubenza bafumane izigqibo ezingcono — ukuchasana kuyancipha.

Izihloko ezingundoqo ekumele zigutyungelwe ngexesha loqeqesho

Nangona uqeqesho lufanele lulungiselelwe, imixholo ethile ibalulekile kulo lonke ihlabathi. Olu luhlu lulandelayo lungasebenza njengoluhlu lokuhlola xa uphuhlisa uqeqesho lwakho.

  • Ukukhutshwa nohlobo lwexesha: Iinkcazelo ezicacileyo ezicacileyo zocaciso, ukucacisa, kunye nomba wobume, nemizekelo ekhethekileyo yokuqesha (izibhengezo zejob, ukuphinda uqalise, imibuzo yodliwano-ndlebe, iinketho zokhetho).
  • Ikhomon Stereotypes kunye novuselelo Lwazo: uphando olunika uphando oluthi lulahle uphando ngalunye olungundoqo, kuquka ugcino-lwazi lwemveliso, ijiko, ubuchule bokufunda, kunye nokuqhekeka kwamaqela obudala.
  • [[UMTL: 0] Isiseko esisisiseko: Imboniselo ye-ADEA, imithetho karhulumente, kunye nezenzo ezithintelweyo, kuquka ukuba akuvumelekanga ukubuza malunga neminyaka yobudala okanye ukuphumelela konyaka kudliwano-ndlebe ngaphandle kokuba kunxulumene nomsebenzi ngqo.
  • I-Bias Mechanisms ezingabonakaliyo: Indlela efutshanisiweyo ngayo ingqondo njengokuqinisekisa ikhethe kunye nokuthambisa okukhokelela kucalucalulo olusekelwe kubudala, naxa umakhi wesigqibo ekholelwa ukuba zinjongo.
  • [[UMTL:0] Udliwano-ndlebe olunentsingiselo kunye novavanyo: Ukufundisa ukusetyenziswa kwemibuzo eguquguqukayo, ekhutshwayo yomsebenzi echazwe ngaphambili ukucutha iimbono ezinokuphenjelelwa kukukhula.
  • [[FLT: 0] Inkcazelo ye Job Plarete: Imisebenzi yokuthumela umsebenzi otsala abathathi-nxaxheba abasuka kuzo zonke iindidi, njengokususa iimfuno zedekta ngaphandle kokuba kubalulekile kwaye uphephe ulwimi olubhalwe ngekhowudi.
  • Ukuphinda uqulunqe iScreenting Esona Sigqibo silungileyo: iindlela zokuvavanya ngokufihlakeleyo (amagama okususa kwakhona nemihla yokuphumelela) kunye nohlolo olusekelwe kwimigaqo olungahoyi ixesha lobalo-maxesha.
  • [[NTL:0] Inkcazo ye-techniques: Indlela yokuthetha xa umntu osebenza naye esenza igqabaza elijongene nobudala okanye xa ikomiti iqalisa ukuxhomekeka kwiinjongo zeminyaka enxulumene nento.

Uqeqesho lwasemva

Uqeqesho asisosiganeko esinye. Ukuze kuqashwe abantu abalupheleyo, imibutho kufuneka iphumeze iinkqubo zokuqinisa kunye noxanduva lwemiqathango.

Ukuhlaziya Imilinganiselo Nezenzo

Emva koqeqesho, i-HR kufuneka ihlole zonke iinkqubo zokuqesha — kuquka iitemplate zomsebenzi zokufaka umsebenzi, iifomu zesicelo, izikhokelo, kunye neekhadi zokuhlola iingxelo — ukususa naluphi na ulwimi okanye amanyathelo abangela ukuba ucalucalulo lobudala bubene. Umzekelo, susa nayiphi na imfuneko yokufumana imihla yokuphumelela kwisicelo sokuqala. Yenza inkqubo esezantsi yokuqhuba udliwano-ndlebe equka “intlanganiso ye-bias" phambi kwesigqibo ngasinye.

Intlanganiso Ezihlaziyayo Nemfundo Eqhubekayo

Zicebise okanye uhlaziyo oluncinane olujolise kwinkalo ethile yoqhelaniso lobudala. Ezi zinokuba mfutshane kunengqeqesho yokuqala (umz., 30-mineti ye-webinari) kodwa zigcine uxinzelelo. Sebenzisa uphando olutsha okanye ulwazi olungaziwayo olusuka kwimingcingo yokuqesha yentlangano ukugcina okuqulethweyo kunxulumene. Ngaphezu koko, ziquka ukuqhekeka kobuntu kwimodyuli ezibanzi zeDEI ukuze ihlale iphezulu kwi-mieveyie ye-DEI.

Imali kunye nokuphendula

Ukufumana izalathisi ezingundoqo (KP) zobudala obufanelekileyo xa uqeshiwe.

  • Usasazo lweminyaka lwabafaki-zicelo kunye nomvuzo (usebenzisa ugcino-lwazi oluzichazayo ukuba luvumelekile).
  • Ukuwohloka komthombo wokubuyiselwa komzimba ngeminyaka.
  • Umlinganiselo wexesha eliya kutsho kwixesha elidlulileyo ngesibiyeli sobudala (ukubona uqhekeko olungabonakaliyo).
  • Ukugcinwa komsebenzi nomlinganiselo womsebenzi osuka kumaqela ahlukeneyo obudala.

Ukukhuthaza iinjongo zokwahlukahlukana kweminyaka ukwenzela uhlolo lomsebenzi wabaphathi boqeshi kunye namaqabane eHR eshishini, neziphumo zeziphumo eziphinda-phindiweyo zeziphumo eziyingozi. Oku kuphendula uqeqesho lube yisenzo.

Isiphelo

Ukuqeqesha abantu abajongene nobuhlanga akuyonto imele iqwalaselwe — kukuzibophelela ngokuqhubekayo ekubonakaliseni ubulungisa, ukuthobelana ngokusemthethweni, nokusebenza kwentlangano. Xa abaphathi boqeshi kunye namaqela e-HR beqonda indlela ucalucalulo lobudala olusebenza ngayo, belubona kwimiqathango yabo yokwenza izigqibo, kwaye beqhelisa ubuchule bokuyilungisa, umphumo yinkqubo yokuqesha echaza isiphiwo esingcono, kungakhathaliseki ubudala. Umgudu ofunekayo wokwakha nokugcina inkqubo yokuqeqesha esebenzayo uxhomekeke kwiqumrhu elinolwazi oluphezulu, ukunciphisa amathuba asemthethweni, kunye nemisebenzi apho abantu bazo zonke izizukulwana abanokunikela ngayo ngokupheleleyo. Ngeminyaka esebenzayo ukusetyenziswa komsebenzi wakho, wenza imeko apho umceli ngamnye afanele aqwalaselwe kakuhle.