Table of Contents

Indlu yabameli imi njengenye yawona maziko anamandla kulawulo-melo lwaseMelika, ekhonza njengequmrhu eliyintloko lowiso-mthetho elijongene nokukhusela nokwandisa amalungelo abemi kulo lonke elaseUnited States. Ukuqonda indlela elisebenza ngayo eli gumbi leBhunga, inkqubo yowiso-mthetho eliyisebenzisayo, kunye nemigaqo eliyimiseleyo inika ingqiqo ebalulekileyo ngendlela amalungelo akho asisiseko amiselwa ngayo, akhuselwa ngayo, aze omelezwe ngayo kwinkqubo yedemokhrasi.

Ukuqonda Indlu Yabameli: Isakhiwo neGunya lomGaqo-siseko

Inqaku I lomGaqo-siseko wase-U.S. linika onke amagunya owiso-mthetho kwiNgqungquthela yeBhunga: iNdlu yabameli neNdlu yeeNtlanganiso, ukuseka isiseko sendlela imithetho esungulwa ngayo eMelika. Inkqubo ngoku inika i-ofisi yeminyaka emibini yamalungu eNdlu ukusuka kwisithili esisekelwe kubemi abangama-435, iqinisekisa ukuba abameli bahlala benxulumene ngokusondeleyo ne-areactis akhonzayo.

Esi sakhiwo sasiyilelwe ngabom ukulinganisa umelo oluthandwayo nokucinga ngocoselelo. Indlu yayinzelwe ukuba ibe ligumbi elikufutshane nabantu, namalungu ajongene nonyulo kwakhona rhoqo emva kweminyaka emibini, iwenza aphendule ngokukhethekileyo kwiimfuno nenkxalabo yesithili sawo. Le nkqubo idla ngokusetyenziswa iqinisekisa ukuba abameli kufuneka bahlale benxibelelana namalungelo abo anokuchasana kunye nenkxaso yabo.

Yindlu kuphela enokumisela umthetho werhafu kunye nengeniso, uyinike igunya elikhethekileyo lomgaqo-siseko kwimicimbi echaphazela ngokuthe ngqo amalungelo abemi nethuba lezoqoqosho. Eli gunya lemali limela enye yeengqikelelo ezibalulekileyo kwigunya elilawulayo kwaye liqinisekisa ukuba abameli babantu bayayilawula indlela oovimba bakarhulumente ababelwe ngayo ukukhusela nokunceda uluntu.

Inkqubo Yomthetho: Indlela Amalungelo Akho Akhuselwa Ngayo Ngomthetho

Ukuqonda indlela umthetho ohamba ngayo kwiNdlu yabameli kukhanyisa indlela iingcamango ezingacacanga zamalungelo eziba ngayo izikhuseli ezisisiseko ezisemthethweni. Inkqubo yowiso-mthetho intsonkothile ngokuyila, ibandakanya amacandelo amaninzi okuhlola, ingxoxo, kunye nokuphuculwa kokuqinisekisa ukuba imithetho iqwalaselwa ngenyameko ngaphambi kokumiswa.

Ukwazisa nokugqithisa

Imithetho iqala njengeengcamango. Okokuqala, ummeli uxhasa uxwebhu. Imithombo yeengcamango zomthetho ayinasiphelo kwaye icetyiswe ukuba izenzeke kwiindawo ezininzi ezahlukeneyo. Ezona ziphambili kwezi yingcamango nedrafti esungulwe lilungu. Oku kungavela kwiphulo lonyulo apho ilungu lalithembise, ukuba lalinyulwe, ukumisela umthetho ngombandela othile.

Oku kuthetha ukuba ilizwi lakho njengelungu linokuphembelela ngokungqalileyo ukusungulwa komthetho. Xa unxibelelana nommeli wakho ngemibandela echaphazela amalungelo akho, ufak' isandla kwiqumrhu leengcamango ezinokuba ngumthetho ekugqibeleni. Abameli badla ngokuchaza amatyala asekelwe kwinkxalabo ephakanyiswa ngabaququzeleli, amaqela olwaphulo-mthetho, okanye uluvo lwabo lwezithuba kwimigaqo esemthethweni.

Naliphi na ilungu kwindlu yabameli lingazisa uxwebhu lwetyala naninina iNdlu iseqeleni ngokuyibeka nje kwi "intengiselwano" ecaleni ledesika kaClerk kwiGumbi leNdlu. Oku kufumaneka kuqinisekisa ukuba inkqubo yowiso-mthetho ihlala ivuliwe kwaye iingcamango ezintsha zokukhusela amalungelo zingaziswa naninina kuyimfuneko.

IKomiti ijolise ekuhlolweni nasekuhlisweni

Imali yetyala iye yabelwa ikomiti yokufundisisa. Indlu yabameli yahlula-hlula umsebenzi wayo phakathi kweekomiti ezisisigxina ezingaphezulu kwamashumi amabini, nganye isebenzisa ngokukhethekileyo kwimimandla eyahlukeneyo yenkqubo. Oku kubekwa kolwazi kuvumela amalungu anobuchule kwiindawo ezithile ukuba ahlolisise ngenyameko umthetho ocetyiswayo ochaphazela amalungelo ommandla wawo.

Emva kokuba kuqaliswe ityala kwaye kubhekiswe kwikomiti yolawulo, ikomiti iyakusoloko ithumela umlinganiselo kwikomiti yayo encinane ekhethekileyo ukuze ifundisise, ivakale, iinguqu, kunye nemvume. Ngokuqhelekileyo, inyathelo lokuqala kule nkqubo kukuchonga esidla ngokubanzi apho amalungu ekomiti okanye amalungu ekomiti eqeshiweyo aphulaphula amangqina amela iimbono ezahlukeneyo ngomlinganiselo.

Ezi zikhalazo zisebenza umsebenzi obalulekileyo ekukhuseleni amalungelo akho. Zinikela i-cureum apho iingcali, abantu abachaphazelekayo, imibutho yolawulo, namagosa karhulumente angangqina indlela umthetho ocetyisiweyo oya kuyichaphazela ngayo inkululeko yabemi, ukhuseleko lomgaqo-siseko, kunye nenkululeko yabantu ngabanye. Le nkqubo ikhankanyayo iqinisekisa ukuba iimbono ezininzi ziqwalaselwa ngaphambi kokuba kumiselwe imithetho echaphazela amalungelo akho.

Asingazo zonke iindleko eziveliswe kwiBhunga leNgqungquthela. Amatyala amaninzi afikelela kwinqanaba lekomiti kuphela. Lo msebenzi wokuhluza, lo gama maxa wambi udimaza abameli bomthetho othile, usebenza njengenkqubo ebalulekileyo yolawulo lomgangatho, ukuthintela umthetho oqwalaselwe kakubi okanye osenokuba yingozi ukuba ungaqhubeki.

Ingxoxo yeNkcubeko noLuvo

Ukuba ikhutshwe yikomiti, ityala libekwa kwikhalenda ukuze livotelwe, liphikiswe okanye lilungiswe. Ukuba ityala lidlula ngobuninzi obuqhelekileyo (218 of 435), ityala lisiya kwiNdlu yeNdlu yeeNtlanganiso. Ingxoxo yomgangatho imela idemokhrasi esebenza, abameli bethetha ngokuphandle ngeempawu kunye neempembelelo ezinokwenzeka zomthetho ocetyiweyo.

Xa kuqwalaselwa, kungalungiselelwa ulungiso lokomeleza ukhuseleko, ukuphendula iziphumo ezingacwangciswanga, okanye ukucoca ulwimi lwemali. Le nkqubo yokulungisa ibalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba umthetho okhusela amalungelo akho uyasebenza kwaye ubanzi kangangoko kunokwenzeka.

Ukunconywa kweBhankal kunye neSekela loMongameli

Ukumiswa komthetho kusoloko kufuna omabini amagumbi avumelana ngokwahlukeneyo kwisivumelwano somthetho esinye esifanayo phambi kokuba sisiwe kuMongameli. Le mfuneko ye-bimeyal isebenza njengesinye isikhuselo, ukuqinisekisa ukuba umthetho ufumana uhlolo olucokisekileyo kwimizimba emibini eneembono ezahlukeneyo kunye nee-constituences.

Iphepha elibhalisiweyo lithunyelwa kuMongameli onokuthi atyikitye umlinganiselo kumthetho, awurhoxise aze awubuyisele kwiBhunga, mayibe ngumthetho ngaphandle kosayino, okanye ekupheleni kwentlanganiso, ingxowa-gophe. Nokuba uMongameli uthe wafaka umthetho, ityala linokuba ngumthetho ukuba ii-3 ezimbini zeBhunga kunye nee-3 ezimbini zendlu ngoko zivotelela ukuxhasa umthetho, ebonisa igunya elipheleleyo leBhunga kwinkqubo yomthetho.

Umthetho wamalungelo elizwe: Indima yendlu ekukhuseleni ukulingana

Mhlawumbi akukho ndawo ingcono ebonisa indima yabameli ekukhuseleni amalungelo akho kunomthetho wamalungelo abantu. Imbali yemithetho yamalungelo abantu ibonisa imingeni yokumisela ukhuseleko olubanzi namandla okuguqula izenzo zowiso-mthetho xa ziphumelela.

UMthetho Wamalungelo Abantu Onyaka ka-1964: Impembelelo Egatyiweyo

UMthetho waMalungelo oMsebenzi ka-1946 walwalela ucalucalulo kwiindawo zikawonke-wonke, walungiselela ukumanyaniswa kwezikolo nezinye iindawo zikawonke-wonke, kwaye wenza ukuba ucalucalulo ngemisebenzi lungabi semthethweni. Yayingowona mthetho ukhukulisiweyo wamalungelo abantu ukususela ekuhlaziyweni kwakhona kwe-DSD. Lo mthetho wesibonelelo waguqula ibutho lamaMerika ngokusisiseko, wamisela nemigaqo esemthethweni eqhubeka ikhusela amalungelo anamhlanje.

NgoFebruwari 10, 1964, iNdlu yabameli yavotela ixhasa ityala, iHR 7152. Ukudlula kwendlu kulo mthetho kwamela inyathelo elibalulekileyo kumlo ode wemfazwe yamalungelo abantu, ebonisa amandla egumbi lokumisela utshintsho olutshintshayo phezu kwayo nje imiqobo ebalulekileyo yezobupolitika.

Isihloko I sesenzo siqinisekisa amalungelo okuvota alinganayo ngokususa iimfuno zokubhalisa kunye neenkqubo ezigqwethekileyo nxamnye neqela elincinane nabangamahlwempu. Isihloko II sithintela ukwahlulwa okanye ucalucalulo kwiindawo zikawonke-wonke ezibandakanyekileyo kwezorhwebo lwamazwe ahlukeneyo.

Ezi zibonelelo zaseka ikonkrithi, imigaqo enyanzelekileyo yamalungelo asisiseko. ISihlomelo VII, ngokukodwa, sibe neempembelelo ezifikeleleka kude. Eli candelo lokugqibela likwasebenza nakucalucalulo ngokwezizizinzi zobuni lize limisele umbutho karhulumente, iKhomishoni ye-Athom Elinganity Opportountion Commission (EOC), ukunyanzelisa la malungiselelo. Ukudalwa kwe-EEOC kwanika inkqubo yolawulo yokunyanzela ukukhuselwa kwamalungelo abantu, ebonisa indlela umthetho onokuyila ngayo izakhiwo ezihlala zihleli zikhusele inkululeko yabemi.

UMthetho waMalungelo a-Onke

ISivumelwano sowe-1964 esakhiwa ngemigudu yangaphambili. Kwiminyaka emithathu emva kokuba iNkundla ePhakamileyo yawise umthetho wokungahlangani kwesikolo kwiBrown v. Ibhodi yemfundo kwaye kwiminyaka emibini emva kwe-Montgomery, e-Alabama, i-Bracott, i-Desc, uMongameli Dwight D. Eisenhower watyikitya ityala lokuqala lamalungelo abantu ukususela kwiReconstructionon. UMthetho ka-1957 ka-Civil Rights wayila iKhomishini ezimeleyo yamaLungelo e-U.

Nangona iKhomishini yayilinganiselwe ekufumaneni inyaniso, iingxelo zayo zanceda ekulungiseni uMthetho waMalungelo oMsebenzi oPhuhlileyo ka-1964, owanika iKhomishini igunya elingakumbi. Oku kubonisa indlela imigudu yowiso-mthetho eyakhelana ngayo, nomthetho ngamnye uyila iziseko zokhuseleko olubanzi.

Igandla lokuqala lezenzo zamalungelo abantu ladluliselwa ngexesha lokwakhiwa kwakhona kwemfazwe yamakhaya eMelika. UMthetho waMalungelo oMdabi wamaLungelo ka-1866 wandisa amalungelo amakhoboka ngokuchaza ukuba nawuphi na umntu ozelwe eUnited States kungakhathaliseki ukuba ungummi waseMerika. Le ngxelo ibonisa ukuba indima yeNdlu ekukhuseleni amalungelo iyanda kuyo yonke imbali yaseMelika, kunye nesizukulwana ngasinye esakhayo kumsebenzi wangaphambili.

Ukwandisa Ukhuseleko Olungaphaya Kohlanga

Ukuphinda kuvuselelwe kombutho wamalungelo amabhinqa ngoo1960 kwaphumela ekufumaneni amalungelo abalulekileyo: ukwamkelwa koMthetho wonyaka ka-1969 olinganayo woMthendeleko, ukwalela ukungalingani kokusekelwe kwisondo kuMthetho wamalungelo abantu, kunye nokwahlulwa kwemiqobo kumsebenzi wamabhinqa. Umsebenzi wemithetho-mthetho weNdlu uye wandisa ngokuthe ngcembe imiqathango yeempawu ezikhuselweyo kunye nomlinganiselo wezikhuseli zokwahlula ulwaphulo-mthetho.

Kutshanje, ngowama-2020, iNkundla ePhakamileyo yase-U.S. yagqiba kwelokuba ukudubula umqeshwa ngenxa yokuba ngamafanasini, amabhinqa angomnye okanye ukukhuphela ngaphandle komthetho kuphantsi kokwala iSihloko socalulo lwesondo. Le nkcazelo ibonisa indlela umthetho oye wadluliselwa ngayo yiNdlu engamashumi eminyaka eyadlulayo oqhubeke usebenza ngokuzivelela, unikela ukhuseleko kumaqela asenokuba awazange acinge ngokucacileyo ngexesha lomthetho wokuqala owiswa ngalo.

Ukhuseleko Lwabathengi: Ukulondoloza Amalungelo Ezoqoqosho

Ngaphandle kwamalungelo abantu, iNdlu yabameli iye yamisela umthetho omkhulu wokukhusela abathengi kwizenzo zoshishino, ubuqhetseba nezinto eziyingozi.

Ukukhuselwa Kwemali

Le mithetho iqinisekisa ukuba abantu banokufumana imali, iinkonzo zebhanki neemveliso zemali ngaphandle kokucalucalulwa okanye ukuqhathwa.

Umthetho onjengethi Inyaniso kwiLending Act ufuna abo babolekise iindleko zokwenyaniso zetyala, ukuze bakwazi ukwenza izigqibo zolwazi. I-Fair Crediting Reporting Act ikhusela ilungelo lakho lokufumana inkcazelo echanileyo kwaye inika iinkqubo zokuphikisa iimpazamo. UMthetho we-Chrever Option Act wokwalela ucalucalucalulo olusekelwe kuhlanga, ibala, unqulo, imvelaphi yobuzwe, isini, isikhundla somtshato, ubudala, okanye i-gidi yoncedo lukawonke-wonke.

Le mithetho yenza isiseko samalungelo emali emisitho, iqinisekisa ukuba amathuba ezoqoqosho ayafumaneka kwaye abathengi bayafumana uncedo xa amalungelo abo ephulwa. Ulawulo oluqhubekayo kunye nokulungiswa kwale mithetho kuyabanceda bahlale befanelekile njengoko iimarike zemali ziguquka.

Ukhuseleko Nempumelelo Yokuthenga

Le ndlu ikwamisele umthetho wokumisela imilinganiselo yokhuseleko yeemveliso zabathengi, ukusuka kwiinqwelo-mafutha ukuya kwiitonato zabantwana. Le mithetho ikhusela ilungelo lakho lokuthenga izinto ezilingana nemilinganiselo encinane yokhuseleko kwaye inike iingcebiso xa imveliso eyingozi ingena emarikeni.

IKhomishoni yeSikhuseli soKhuseleko lweZikhundla, esungulwe ngumthetho wequmrhu, inegunya lokumisela imilinganiselo yokhuseleko, iqhuba uphando, kunye nocwangco lwezi mveliso eziyingozi. Le nto ibonisa indlela ephambili yokukhusela amalungelo, ithintela umonakalo ngaphambi kokuba kwenzeke kunokuba inikele nje unyango emva kokwenzakala.

Ngokufanayo imithetho yokukhusela ukutya neziyobisi ikhusela ilungelo lakho lokutya izinto ezikhuselekileyo nezichanekileyo. Indima yendlu ekugunyazisweni nasekuxhaseni amaziko afana noLawulo lweFood neDrug iqinisekisa ngokuqhubekayo ukukhuselwa kwempilo kawonke-wonke namalungelo abantu.

Amalungelo Abasebenzi Nokhuseleko Emsebenzini

Indlu Yabameli iye yaba negalelo ekumiseleni nasekukhuliseni ikhusi kubasebenzi, iqonda ukuba ilungelo lokuphathwa ngobulungisa emsebenzini libalulekile ukuze abantu bahlonelwe yaye banqabiseke ngokwezoqoqosho.

Imigangatho elungileyo yomsebenzi kunye nokhuseleko lwemali

IFair Labor Standard Act, edluliselwe yiKhomishini, yamisela intlawulo encinane, iimfuno zohlawulo loxando olungaphaya, nemiqathango yokusebenza kwabantwana. Le miqathango ingundoqo iqinisekisa ukuba abasebenzi bafumana imbuyekezo esesikweni ngenxa yokusebenza kwabo nokuba abantwana bakhuselwe ekuxhatshazweni.

Indlu isoloko iqwalasela umthetho wokulungisa umlinganiselo womvuzo, ubonakalisa ukutshintsha kweemeko zezoqoqosho kunye nexabiso lokuphila. Ezi ngxoxo zibonisa ukukhuselwa kwamalungelo okuqhubekayo.

Ukukhusela okuthe rhoqo kuqinisekisa ukuba abasebenzi abasebenza ngaphaya kweeyure zomlinganiselo bafumana imbuyekezo eyongezelelekileyo, beqonda ixabiso lexesha labo nokuthintela ukuxhatshazwa kwabaqeshi. Imithetho yabantwana yokusebenza ikhusela amalungelo abantwana emfundo nenkqubela, ithintele ukuxhatshazwa okuqhelekileyo ngaphambi kokuba kumiselwe ukhuseleko.

Ukhuseleko Nempilo Yasemsebenzini

I-Occupational Safety and Health Act, edluliselwe yiKhonklathi, yamisela imilinganiselo yokhuseleko ebanzi emsebenzini yaza yadala i-Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) ukuba inyanzelise. Lo mthetho uyaqonda ukuba abasebenzi banelungelo elisisiseko lokukhusela iimeko zokusebenza nokuba abaqeshi banembopheleleko yokuzinika zona.

Ezi zikhuseli zigquma yonke into ukusuka kumoya ukuya kwimichiza eyingozi ukuya kwimilinganiselo ye-ergonomic ekuthinteleni ingozi ephindaphindwayo yoxinezeleko. Ukujongwa kwendlu yeOSSA kunye nokulungisa ngamaxesha athile kwimithetho yokhuseleko emsebenzini kuqinisekisa ukuba ukhuseleko luhlala luhamba ngesantya neengozi ezijikelezayo emsebenzini kunye noshishino olutsha.

Kwakhona abasebenzi banelungelo lokuxela iimeko ezingakhuselekanga ngaphandle koloyiko lokuziphindezela, ukhuseleko oluqinisekisa ukuba imithetho yokhuseleko inganyanzeliswa ngokunempumelelo. Ukhuseleko lweziqhushumbisi oludluliselwa yiNdlu ludlulisela lo mgaqo kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo, ukukhusela abo baxela ukwaphulwa komthetho okanye izisongelo kukhuseleko lukawonke-wonke.

Ukungasebenzi

Ngaphezu koMthetho waMalungelo oMsebenzi wesiCuvil uSihlomelo VII, iNdlu ingenise umthetho owongezelelekileyo wokukhusela abasebenzi ekucalulweni. Ucalucalulo lweNtlanganiso yeminyaka ePhakathi ikhusela abasebenzi abangaphezulu kwama-40 ukusuka kucalucalulo olusekelwe kubudala. Amanani aseMelika anesiphene athintela ukucalucalulwa kwabantu abafanelekayo abaneziphene kwaye afuna indawo yokuhlala efanelekileyo emsebenzini.

IParents Discrimination Act yacacisa ukuba ucalucalulo olusekelwe ekukhulelweni, ekuzaleni okanye kwiimeko ezinxulumene nezo zempilo luthetha ukucalucalulwa ngokwesini phantsi kweSihlo se-VII. iThe Family and Medical Let Act inika abasebenzi abafanelekileyo ilungelo lokuthabatha ikhefu elingahlawulwanga ngenxa yezizathu zentsapho nezezonyango ngaphandle kokuphulukana nemisebenzi yabo.

Le mithetho idityanisiwe yenza isiseko esibanzi sokukhusela amalungelo abasebenzi ekuphatheni abasebenzi ngokufanelekileyo kungakhathaliseki iimpawu zobuqu ezingahambelaniyo nomsebenzi. Iyaqonda ukuba ithuba elilinganayo emsebenzini liyimfuneko kwinkululeko yomntu ngamnye nokuthabatha inxaxheba kwezoqoqosho.

Amalungelo Okufihla Icala Kwixesha Eliqhelekileyo

Njengoko ubugcisa buhambela phambili, iNdlu yabameli iye yazama ukukhusela amalungelo obuqu kwiimeko ezintsha. Ngoxa ukhuseleko lwezobucala lungasoloko luhambisana notshintsho lobugcisa, le House iye yamisela umthetho obalulekileyo wokumisela ukhuseleko olusisiseko lolwazi lobuqu.

Imfihlo yenkcazelo yempilo

I-Inshorensi yempilo ePolisation and Accounting Act (HIPAA) iquka amalungiselelo obuqu okukhusela iirekhodi zezamayeza kunye nenkcazelo yempilo.

IHIPAA imisela imilinganiselo yokuba ngubani onokufikelela kwinkcazelo yakho yempilo, ifuna uvumelo lwakho kwizinto ezininzi ezityhiliweyo, ize ikunike amalungelo okufikelela nokulungisa iirekhodi zakho zezonyango. Ezi migaqo isebenza kumaziko empilo, kumagumbi empilo, nakunonophelo lwempilo, nto leyo ebangela ukuba kubekho inkcubeko ebanzi yenkcazelo yempilo.

Imfihlo Yemali

IGramm-Leach-Bliley Act ifuna amaziko emali ukuchaza izenzo zawo zokusasaza ulwazi nokukhusela ugcino-lwazi oluchukumisekayo. Ngoxa abahlalutyi bephikisa ngolu hlobo lokhuseleko benokomelela, bamisela imfuneko esisiseko yokuba amaziko emali ahlonele abathengi.

IFair Crediting Reporting Act, ekhankanywe ngaphambili kukhuselo lwabathengi, ikwasebenza imisebenzi ebalulekileyo yasese ngokulinganisela ukuba ngubani onokufumana inkcazelo yetyala kunye neenjongo. Unelungelo lokwazi ukuba ingcaciso yolwazi iphathe ntoni ngawe nokuphikisana nkcazelo engachananga.

Imfihlo Yabantwana

Umthetho obonisa ukuba abantwana basengozini kwi-intanethi kunye nokubaluleka kokuba abazali bakhusele abantwana babo abangaphantsi kwe-13.

I-COPPA ifuna ii-website ezijoliswe kubantwana ukuze bathumele iinkqubo ze-PSC, bafumane imvume eqinisekisiweyo yabazali ngaphambi kokuqokelela inkcazelo, kwaye banike abazali amandla okuhlola nokucima inkcazelo yabantwana babo. Ezi zikhuseli zinceda ukuqinisekisa ukuba abantwana banokungenelwa kwi-intanethi ngoxa benciphisa iingozi ezingokwemfihlo.

Ukunikela Ilungelo Lokwabelana Ngemithetho: Ukukhusela Isiseko Solawulo - melo

Ilungelo lokuvota lingundoqo kuwo onke amalungelo akwidemokhrasi. Indlu yabameli iye yadlala indima ebalulekileyo ekukhuliseni nasekukhuseleni amalungelo okuvota ukutyhubela imbali yaseMerika, nangona le ingummandla womsebenzi oqhubekayo wowiso-mthetho nengxoxo.

ISivumelwano samaLungelo

IVoing Rights Act ka-1965, edluliselwe yiKhonklathi emva kohambo lukaSelma ukuya eMontgomery, yamela ixesha elibizayo lokukhusela ilungelo lokuvota. Lo Mthetho wawulwalela ucalucalulo lobuhlanga ekuvoteni, iimvavanyo zokungafundi nokungavunyelwa kolwazi, kunye nolawulo lorhulumente lwezikhundla zonyulo kunye nembali zocalulo.

Lo mthetho waguqula idemokhrasi yaseMerika ngokuqinisekisa ukuba ilungelo lokuvota, eliqinisekiswe nguMphetho-mda weshumi elinesihlanu, lingasetyenziswa ngokunempumelelo ngabo bonke abemi kungakhathaliseki uhlanga. Ukwanda okuphawulekayo ekubhaliseni amavoti nokuthabatha inxaxheba kulandelwa koMthetho wabonakalisa amandla okukhusela amalungelo asisiseko.

Indlu iphinde igunyazise yaza yalungisa kwakhona uMthetho wamalungelo abantu, iqinisa ukukhuselwa kwawo kwaye inyusa umlinganiselo wokufikelela kwawo. Noko ke, izigqibo zeNkundla Ephakamileyo ziye zawanciphisa amanye amalungiselelo ayo, nto leyo ekhokelela kwiingxoxo eziqhubekayo eziphathelele imfuneko yomthetho omtsha wokukhusela amalungelo okuvota.

Ukufikeleleka Nokuthabatha Inxaxheba

UMthetho weSizwe weVoter Brigiod Act, owaziwayo ngokuba "Umthetho weVoter," wenza ubhaliso lwabalula ngakumbi ngokufuna ukuba amazwe anike amathuba okubhalisa xa abantu befaka amalayisensi omqhubi okanye befikelela kwiinkonzo ezithile zikarhulumente. Lo mthetho wavuma ukuba imiqobo yolawulo yokubhalisa inokuthi ngokunempumelelo ilikhanyele ilungelo lokuvota.

UMthetho woNcedo Merika Vote, odlule emva konyulo lomongameli wama- 2000, wamisela imilinganiselo encinane yenkqubo yokuvota, ufuna ukuba kubekho ugcino-lwazi oluchanekileyo lovoti, kwaye unika inkxaso-mali yokuphucula unyulo. La malungiselelo ajolise ekuqinisekiseni ukuba ivoti nganye ibalwa ngokuchanekileyo kwaye bonke abemi abafanelekileyo bangathabatha inxaxheba kunyulo.

AmaMerika anoMthetho wokuKhubazeka aquka amalungiselelo okuqinisekisa ukuba iindawo zokuvota zifumaneka kubavoti abaneziphene, beqonda ukuba imiqobo ephathekayo ingalikhanyela ilungelo lokuvota njengempumelelo njengemiqathango esemthethweni. Uqwalaselo lwendlu ekufumanekeni lubonisa ukuqonda ukuba amalungelo amele abonakale, hayi ngokusuka nje afumaneka.

Amalungelo emfundo nokhuseleko

Ngoxa imfundo iyintloko iyimbopheleleko karhulumente neyasekuhlaleni, iNdlu Yabameli iye yamisela umthetho obalulekileyo wokukhusela amalungelo emfundo nokuqinisekisa ukuba amathuba emfundo alinganayo.

Ukufikelela Kwimfundo Ngokulinganayo

Isihloko seIX seZihlaziyo zemfundo zowe - 1972 silwalela ucalucalulo ngokwesini kwiinkqubo zokufundisa ezifumana inkxaso-mali karhulumente. Lo mthetho uye waba nemiphumo eguqulayo, wandisa amathuba aphawulekayo kumabhinqa namantombazana kwimidlalo, kwimimandla yeSTEM, nakwezinye iindawo ababekhe bajamelana nazo ngaphambili.

Umxholo IX ukwathetha ngokuhlaselwa ngokwesini nokuhlaselwa ngokwezemfundo, ufuna izikolo ukuba ziphendule ngokufanelekileyo kwizikhalazo nokukhusela amalungelo abafundi okufunda ngaphandle kogonyamelo olungokwesini. Ezi zinto zikhuselayo ziyaqonda ukuba imekobume ekhuselekileyo yokufunda ibalulekile kwithuba lemfundo.

Amalungu oMthetho wezemfundo (IDEA) oneziphene aqinisekisa ukuba abantwana abaneziphene bafumana imfundo efanelekileyo kawonke-wonke evumelana neemfuno zabo. Lo mthetho uyaqonda ukuba abantwana abaneziphene banelungelo elifanayo lokufundisa njengabanye abantwana kwaye kufuneka izikolo zinike iindawo zokuhlala neenkonzo eziyimfuneko.

Ukuba Ngumtsha - ntliziyo Kwaye Ukhuseleko

IFamily Educational and Ancy Act (FERPA) ikhusela imfihlo yeengxelo zemfundo zabafundi, inika abazali namalungelo afanelekileyo omfundi okufikelela kwiirekhodi, ukucela ingcebiso, nokulawula inkcazelo.

IClery Act ifuna iikholeji neeyunivesithi zinike ingxelo ngezibalo zolwaphulo-mthetho nemigaqo yokhuseleko, inceda abafundi neentsapho benze izigqibo ezithe ngqo ngokhuseleko lwasezikolweni. Le mfuneko yokubona ibone ilungelo labafundi lokufumana ulwazi ngokhuseleko nokhuseleko lwabo.

Amalungelo eendlu nokhuseleko lwezindlu

Indlu Yabameli iye yamisela umthetho wokukhusela ilungelo lokuhlala ngokufanelekileyo, iqonda ukuba apho uhlala khona kuchaphazela amathuba okufumana umsebenzi, imfundo namanye amathuba abalulekileyo ukuze ube nenxaxheba ngokupheleleyo kwibutho labantu.

Isenzo Sezindlu Esifanelekileyo

IPair House Act, ewiswe njengenxalenye yoMthetho wamaLungelo ka-1968, iyaluthintela ucalucalulo olusekelwe kwizindlu ezisekelwe kuhlanga, imibala, unqulo, isini, okanye imvelaphi yesizwe.

Ezi zinto zisebenza kwinkoliso yemicimbi yezindlu, kuquka ukuthengiswa, ukuqeshwa, ukuxhaswa ngemali nezibhengezo, ziqinisekisa ukuba amathuba okuhlala afumaneka ngenxa yokuba umntu ekwazi ukuhlawula izinto ezingafaniyo nezingahambi kakuhle.

Lo mThetho ukwafuna indawo efanelekileyo yokuhlala kubantu abakhubazekileyo yaye uyalela ukuqhuba, ukuvala ibhunga, nezinye izenzo zokuhlalisa abantu ngokwemiqathango ekhuthaza ukwahlulwa kwabantu abahlala apho.

Ukukhusela Imali Neebhari

I-Home Mortgage Displage Displayine Act ifuna abobolekiweyo ukuba banikele ingxelo ngezicelo zendlu yokubolekisa kunye nemvelaphi, ukuze abalawuli kunye noluntu bakwazi ukuchaza iipateni zokubolekisa ngorhwaphilizo. Oku kunceda ukunyanzelisa imithetho esesikweni yokubolekisa kwaye kugcina amaqumrhu emali ebekelwe ityala.

UMthetho weNtlalo ukhuthaza iibhanki ukuba zihlangabezane neemfuno zokuthenga ngetyala zabo bonke abantu abasebenza kubo, kuquka imimandla efunyenweyo ephantsi nephakathi. Lo mthetho uyaqonda ukuba ukufikelela kwityala kubalulekile kwimicimbi yamakhaya nakwinkqubela-phambili yoluntu.

Umsebenzi wolawulo lwendlu: Ukukhusela amalungelo ngeNkxaso

Ngaphandle kokuwisa umthetho, iNdlu Yabameli ikhusela amalungelo akho ngomsebenzi wayo wobuveleli, ijonge indlela ephunyezwa ngayo nendlela imithetho emele iphendulwe ngayo ngokukhusela amalungelo eenkonzo zayo.

Uphando lweKomiti Neendlebe

Iikomiti zendlu zisoloko zihlola indlela amaziko karhulumente asebenza ngayo kwaye anyanzelisa ngayo imithetho ekhusela amalungelo. Ezi zikhalazo zinokubhenca iingxaki ekunyanzelweni komthetho, zibone iisithuba ekukhuselweni ngokusemthethweni, kunye namaziko anyanzelisayo ukuze afeze iimbopheleleko zawo.

Ukuchongwa kweendlebe okuye kwathetha ngemibandela esusela ekunyanzelweni kwamalungelo abantu ukuya ekukhuseleni abathengi, nokungathotyelwa kwamalungelo abo emfihlekweni. Ngokuzisa le mibandela kwingqalelo kawonke-wonke nangokufuna iimpendulo ezifunwa ngamagosa karhulumente, iNdlu inceda ukuqinisekisa ukuba imithetho ekhusela amalungelo akho inyanzelekile ngokufezekileyo.

Ulawulo lwekomiti lukwaquka nohlahlo-lwabiwo-mali lweziko kunye nemisebenzi, kuqinisekiswe ukuba amaqumrhu ajoliswe ekukhuseleni amalungelo anezinto ezaneleyo kwaye ayawasebenzisa ngokunempumelelo. Eli gunya lepakethi linika inkxaso ephawulekayo yokuqinisekisa ukuba

Ukusabela Kwizisongelo Ezimanyeneyo Kumalungelo

Umsebenzi wobuveleli bendlu uyenza ikwazi ukusabela ngokukhawuleza ekuveliseni izisongelo kumalungelo, kwanangaphambi kokuba kumiselwe umthetho omtsha. Iindlebe zinganyanzela amaziko anyanzelisayo ukuba athathe amanyathelo, abhence ububi, aze akhe inkxaso yoluntu kwizisombululo zomthetho.

Ngokomzekelo, ukuva ngeenkcazelo ezingqubanayo nokungathotyelwa kwamathuba okuzimela kwasese kuye kwabalaselisa imfuneko yokukhuselwa ngamandla kwezinto zobuqu nokunyanzelwa kweenkampani ukuba ziphucule iindlela zazo zokhuseleko logcino-lwazi. Ukuphulaphula iingcalulo xa ziboleka kuye kwanceda ekuboneni izenzo zokuzingela ezinegalelo kwingxaki yemali.

Iingqinipho kunye nolungelelwano: Indima yendlu kwinkqubo yomgaqo-siseko

Enye yezona ndlela ziluncedo zokukhusela ubomi bobudemokhrasi baseMerika yile nkqubo yowiso-mthetho egxininise ekukhuseleni abambalwa, evumela amathuba aneleyo kuwo onke amacala ukuba aviwe aze avakalise iimbono zawo. Isibakala sokuba izicelo azinakuba ngumthetho ngaphandle kokuqwalaselwa nokuvunywa zizindlu zombini zeBhunga lizintyelo olubalaseleyo kwinkqubo yethu yemithetho ephezulu.

Indlu yabameli isebenza kwinkqubo yokuhlola nokulinganisela elungiselelwe ukuthintela naliphi na isebe likarhulumente ukuba lifumane amandla amaninzi. Le nkqubo ngokwayo isebenza njengokhuseleko lwamalungelo akho, iqinisekisa ukuba igunya likarhulumente lihlala lilinganiselwe kwaye linetyala.

Ukukhangela Umthetho Kumandla alawulayo

Amandla endlu okuwisa umthetho anika ukhangelo kwigunya elilawulayo. Xa uMongameli ethatha izenzo ezisongela amalungelo, iNdlu ingakhupha umthetho othintela elo gunya okanye ofuna iindlela ezahlukeneyo. Ngoxa umthetho onjalo kufuneka udlulise iBhunga kwaye woyise iivetoes ezinokwenzeka zobumongameli, indima yendlu ekuqaliseni umthetho inika impembelelo ebalulekileyo.

Amandla okuchaza indlu anika olunye uvavanyo kwigunya eliphetheyo. Ngokulawula inkxaso-mali yamasebe aphetheyo neenkqubo, iNdlu ingaphembelela indlela esetyenziswa ngayo imithetho ize iqinisekise ukuba abameli bawahlonele amalungelo kwimisebenzi yabo.

Amandla Okufikelela

Indlu inamandla okungamele amagosa karhulumente, kuquka uMongameli, ukwenzela "ulwaphulo-mthetho oluphezulu kunye nokunganyaniseki". Nangona ukungathobeli kunqabile, eli gunya lisebenza njengendlela yokuhlola ukusetyenziswa kakubi kwegunya eliphezulu kunye nokuphulwa kwamalungelo omGaqo-siseko.

Amandla okungagunyaziswa abonisa ukuba akukho magosa angaphezulu kumthetho yaye ukuphulwa kwemithetho engqongqo kusenokuphumela ekususweni kwesikhundla. Le nkqubo yokuphendula inceda ukuqinisekisa ukuba amagosa ayawahlonela amalungelo abemi.

Ulawulo lwezomthetho

Ngoxa iNdlu ingenakuyilawula ngokuthe ngqo inkundla, inendima ekuxonxeni iinkundla ngenkqubo yokuqinisekisa (ngokunxulumene neNdlu yeeNtlanganiso) nangokusebenzisa amandla ayo ukumisela iinkundla ezisezantsi zephondo nokumisela igunya lazo.

Indlu ikwanokusabela kwizigwebo zomthetho. Xa iinkundla zitolika imithetho ngeendlela ezisilela ngokwaneleyo ukukhusela amalungelo, iNdlu iyakwazi ukuyilungisa loo mithetho ukuze icacise iinjongo zokuququzelela intlangano ize yomeleze ukhuseleko.

Ukusikelwa Simda Neengxaki Eziqhubekayo

Ngoxa iNdlu yabameli iye yamisela umthetho omkhulu wokukhusela amalungelo, imiqathango neengxaki eziphawulekayo zisaseleyo. Ukuqonda ezi zithintelo kunceda abemi ukuba babandakanyeke ngokunempumelelo kwinkqubo yedemokhrasi baze bakhuthaze ukukhuselwa okunamandla.

Utshixo lwe Grid

Ukwanda kokudityaniswa kwamacandelo eenqanawa kwenza kwaba nzima kakhulu ukuba le ndlu iphumeze umthetho obanzi wokukhusela amalungelo. Xa amaqela amabini amakhulu engenakufumana sizathu sinye, ukhuseleko olubalulekileyo lusenokusilela ukuhambela phambili kwanaxa enandipha inkxaso kawonke-wonke.

Le ntloko-ntloko ichaphazela imimandla apho amalungelo akhuseleke ngokwezobupolitika aye athanda ukulwa, njengamalungelo okuvota, amathuba okuzimela, kunye nezixhobo zokukhusela iLGBTQ. Izakhamuzi zinokunceda ekoyiseni i-grid lock ngokuxhasa abahlohli abazinikele kwintsebenziswano ye-bipartis kunye nokucacisa ukuba amalungelo afanele akhuselwe ngaphezu kwamacandelo ahlukeneyo.

Imilinganiselo yokusebenza

Kwanomthetho omiselwe kakuhle okhusela amalungelo ungasilela ukuba awuphunyezwanga kakuhle kwaye awunyanzeliswanga. Iinkqubo zoncedo zisenokungabi nabo oovimba abaneleyo, ukuthanda kwezobupolitika, okanye ubuchule bokunyanzelisa imithetho ngokupheleleyo. Amaqumrhu alawulwayo anokufumana iindlela zokuphepha iimfuno okanye asebenzise indlela yokuphepha.

Umsebenzi wobuveleli bendlu ubalulekile ekusingatheni ezi zikhewu, kodwa ulwalathiso ngokwalo lufuna ingqalelo eqhubekayo kunye nezinto ezikhoyo. Izakhamuzi zingaxhasa ukuphunyezwa ngokunempumelelo ngokuxela ukwaphulwa, ngokuxhasa abameli, nangokunyanzela ukuba abameli bazo baqhubeke benobunono.

Izisongelo Ezicombululayo Kumalungelo

Ubugcisa obutsha, ukutshintsha kweemeko zentlalo, kunye noqheliselo lokulungisa ushishino, zidala izisongelo ezintsha kumalungelo asenokungadibani kakuhle nomthetho okhoyo. Indlu kufuneka iqhubeke ihlaziya imithetho ukucombulula ezi ngxaki zivelayo, kodwa inkqubo yowiso-mthetho inokuba nexesha elicothayo lokusabela kwiimeko ezitshintsha ngokukhawuleza.

Ngokomzekelo, iinqanaba zezentlalo, ubukrelekrele obungeyonkqubo, kunye nogcino-lwazi olukhulu luphakamisa inkxalabo yenkululeko yasekuhlaleni neyokungaqiniseki ngoko imithetho ebhalwe kumashumi eminyaka eyadlulayo yayingayilindelanga. Le House ijongene nocelomngeni lokwenza umthetho okhusela amalungelo kule meko intsha ngaphandle kokuphazamisa okanye ukuvelisa imiphumo engacwangciswanga.

Indlela Abemi Abanokusebenzisana Ngayo Nendlu Ukuze Bakhusele Amalungelo

Ukuqonda indima yabameli ekukhuseleni amalungelo akho linyathelo lokuqala. Ukuganana kommi okhutheleyo kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba iNdlu iphumeza ngokunempumelelo le mbopheleleko.

Ukunxibelelana Nommeli Wakho

Ummeli wakho usebenzela wena kwaye ufuna ukuva kwimiba echaphazela amalungelo abo. Ukuqhagamshelana nommeli wakho / ngokufowunela, ii-imeyili, oonobumba, okanye kwiintlanganiso ze-person, kuqinisekisa ukuba inkxalabo yakho iyaviwa kwaye iqwalaselwe kwinkqubo yowiso-mthetho.

Xa uqhagamshelana nommeli wakho, mchazele ngokungqalileyo lo mba, chaza indlela okukuchaphazela ngayo wena okanye abantu abakuwo, uze uchaze ngokucacileyo oko ufuna ukukwenza.

Ungafumana ulwazi lokuqhagamshelana nommeli wakho ngendlu yomelo kwi webhttps /www.house.gov, enikezela ngezixhobo zokuchaza ummeli wakho ngokusekelwe kwidilesi yakho.

Ukuthabatha Inxaxheba Kwinkqubo Yedemokhrasi

Ukusebenza kunyulo yeyona ndlela isisiseko yokuphembelela indlela yendlu nezinto eziza kuqala. Iimbono zophando kwimibandela yamalungelo nokuxhasa abo bazibophelele ekukhuseleni nasekukhuliseni ukhuseleko olusemthethweni.

Ngaphandle kokuvota, cinga ngokusebenza ngokuzithandela kumaphulo, ukuya kwiiholo zedolophu nakumaqumrhu asekuhlaleni, nokuba nenxaxheba kwimibutho yobuhandiba esebenza kwimibandela yamalungelo abantu.

Ukuhlala Unolwazi

Ukuqonda oko kwenziwa yiNdlu kufuna ukwazi ngemisebenzi yowiso-mthetho. Iwebsite yendlu inikela inkcazelo malunga nomthetho osele uhleli, ukuchotshelwa kweekomiti, kunye neengxoxo ezisemgangathweni. Imibutho yamaphephandaba, amaqela olawulo olunemibutho e-odoli, kunye nemibutho ebonayo karhulumente ilandela imibutho.

Imisebenzi emininzi encinci yomthetho yenzeka kwiikomiti, kwaye ukuba nenxaxheba kweli qondo kungaba luncedo ngokukhethekileyo.

Ungafumana umthetho osuka kwiBhunga.gov kwi [[/wwww.consor.gov, enika ulwazi olubanzi ngetyala, imeko, kunye namaxwebhu anxulumene nalo.

Ukuxhasa Imibutho Elawulayo

Imibutho emininzi isebenzela ukukhusela amalungelo athile okanye inceda abantu abahlukeneyo.

Ukuxhasa le mibutho ngokuyilungu, ngeminikelo okanye ngomsebenzi wamatsha - ntliziyo kunceda ekuqinisekiseni ukuba imiba yamalungelo isoloko iqwalaselwa yaye ixhaswa ngobuchule. Iintlangano zinokukunceda uqonde imibandela entsonkothileyo yemithetho kuze kubonwe namathuba okuganana ngokunempumelelo.

Ikamva Lokukhuselwa Kwamalungelo Endlu - mei

Indlu yabameli iza kuqhubeka isenza indima engundoqo ekukhuseleni nasekukhuliseni amalungelo njengoko ibutho lamaMelika lizivelela. Imibandela emininzi eqhambukayo izakubumba umsebenzi wamalungelo endlu okhuselwayo kwiminyaka ezayo.

Amalungelo namathuba emfihlo amanani

Njengoko ubomi buqhubeka busebenza kwi - Internet, kuya kufuneka ihlale ithetha ngezinto ezifihlakeleyo, iintsapho ezifuna ukuqokelela inkcazelo, iinkampani zobugcisa, ulawulo lukarhulumente, uqhankqalazo, nokusasazwa kwenkcazelo ephosakeleyo.

Umthetho wezobuqu ongqinelanayo wequmrhu uhlala ubalulekile kubaxhasi abaninzi, abathi umsebenzi wangoku odityanisiweyo wemithetho edityanisiweyo ekwicandelo unikela ukhuseleko olungafanelekanga. Indlu kuya kufuneka ilungelelanise ukhuseleko lwangasese nophuhliso olutsha nokuchaza okukhululekileyo njengoko iqwalasela le miba.

Amalungelo Ezoqoqosho Nokungalingani Kwabantu

Indlu isenokucinga ukuba ifanele inikele umthetho othetha ngokuhlawula imali encinane, ukunyamekela impilo, ukuthenga amatyala abafundi, nokuthenga izindlu ezinokufikeleleka.

Le mibandela yezoqoqosho inxulumene nenkxalabo yamalungelo abantu, njengoko ukungoneliseki kwezoqoqosho kusoloko kunxulumene nohlanga, ubufanasini, nezinye iimpawu ezikhuselweyo. Ukulungisa ukungalingani kwezoqoqosho kusenokufuna ukuba iNdlu icinge ngokunzulu ngoko kuthethwa kukukhuselwa kwamalungelo kwinkulungwane yama-21.

Imozulu Nokusesikweni Kwemeko - bume

Indlu isenokugqalwa njengengxaki yokukhusela imekobume, iqonda ukuba umoya, amanzi nemozulu ecocekileyo zibalulekile ukuze abantu baphile yaye baphile kakuhle.

Umthetho wezobulungisa kwimekobume unokucombulula imibandela enjengokuhlaliswa kwezakhiwo ezingcoliswayo kwimimandla encinane, ukufikelela kwiindawo eziluhlaza nokuqinisekisa ukuba imozulu ayiyitshintshi nayiphi na imilinganiselo yokungalingani okukhoyo.

Izifundo zobugcisa ezidityanisiweyo

Ubuchule bokwenza, ubugcisa bebhayoloji, nezinye izinto ezisandul' ukuvela ziphakamisa imibuzo efuna amalungelo abantu. Indlu kuza kufuneka iqwalasele indlela yokukhusela amalungelo ngokwemongo ebekungenakucingwa yizizukulwana ezidlulileyo, ukusuka ekwenzeni izigqibo zomthetho ukuya kukwenza izigqibo zemfuza ukusa kwiinkqubo ezizimeleyo.

Le miba iya kufuna ukuba indlu icinge ngendlela elungeleleneyo ngendlela imigaqo yamalungelo esithethe esetyenziswa ngayo kwiimeko ezintsha nokuba iindidi ezintsha zamalungelo kufuneka ziqwalaselwe zize zikhuselwe kusini na.

Isiphelo: Umsebenzi Oqhubekayo Wokukhusela Amalungelo

Indlu yabameli iye yadlala indima ebalulekileyo kuyo yonke imbali yaseMerika ekumiseni nasekukhuseleni amalungelo abemi afunyanwa namhlanje. Ukusuka kumthetho ophawulayo wokukhusela amalungelo abantu ukuya kukhuseleko lwabathengi ukuya kwimigangatho yokhuseleko emsebenzini, imithetho edluliswa yiNdlu yenza isakhiwo esisemthethweni esikhusela inkululeko yomntu ngamnye nesiqinisekiso sonyango olulinganayo.

Noko ke, ukhuseleko lwamalungelo asiyonto ephunyezweyo yexesha elinye kodwa yinkqubo eqhubekayo. Isizukulwana ngasinye sijamelana nocelomngeni olutsha kwaye kufuneka sisebenzele ukomeleza nokwandisa ukhuseleko lwabo bonke abantu. Ukuphumelela kweNdlu ekukhuseleni amalungelo akho kuxhomekeke ngokuphawulekayo ekuthembiseni ummi ngokukhutheleyo nasekuxhaseni ingqalelo yoluntu kumsebenzi womthetho.

Ngokuqonda indlela esebenza ngayo indlu, ukuba ikhuseleke njani, nendlela onokuzibandakanya ngayo nabameli bakho, ungathabatha inxaxheba ngokunempumelelo kwinkqubo yedemokhrasi kwaye uncede uqinisekise ukuba iNdlu iyaqhubeka ifeza indima yayo ebalulekileyo ekukhuseleni amalungelo abo bonke abantu baseMerika. Inkqubo yowiso-mthetho isenokuba nzima kwaye maxa wambi idimaze, kodwa ihlala iyenye yezona zixhobo zinamandla ezikhoyo zokuhambisela phambili okusesikweni nokukhusela inkululeko yomntu ngamnye.

Amalungelo akho awangokuzibulala-zicinezela, afuna ukuhlala ephaphile, ekhusela ngokukhutheleyo, kwaye omelezwa ngamaxesha athile ngesenzo sowiso-mthetho. Indlu yabameli inika inkqubo eyintloko yalo msebenzi, kodwa inokuba luncedo kuphela ngabemi abanolwazi nababotshelelweyo abafuna ukuba abameli babo bakhusele baze bandise ukhuseleko olusemthethweni olubangela inkululeko nolinganayo lukwazi ukufumaneka.

Ukuze ufumane ulwazi olungakumbi malunga nenkqubo yowiso-mthetho nendlela yokudibana nabameli bakho, tyelela iNdlu ye-ofisi yabameli e-website esemthethweni http://wwww.house.gov kunye neThala leencwadi lenkcazelo yemithetho-mvume yeKhomishoni kwi- https/www.gov.