Ukuqonda Imithetho Yomthetho Enyanzelisa Umthetho

Imithetho elandelwayo yokugcinwa komthetho isisiseko somthetho wangoku. Ziquka izikhokelo ezisezantsi, imigaqo, kunye nemigaqo elawula indlela amagosa namasebe awenza ngayo imisebenzi yawo ukusuka ekumisweni okuqhelekileyo ukuya kwiimeko eziphezulu zengozi. Le mithetho yomthetho ayizimele; yakhiwe kwisiseko somthetho wesiseko, iimfuno zomthetho, iimfuno zomthetho, iinkqubo zomthetho, kunye nezenzo ezingcono eziphuhlisiweyo. Injongo yabo ikukuqinisekisa ukuba yonke inyathelo elithathwa ngumthetho elisemthethweni lisemthethweni, ngokomthetho ulungelelwaniso, kwaye aliguquguquki, ngaloo ndlela ikhusela amalungelo abantu xa begcina ucwangco lukawonke wonke.

Imithetho yokuziphatha isebenza njengekhampasi esebenzayo kubaphathi-mikhosi, inciphisa ukungacacanga kwizigqibo zokwahlulwa okwesibini. Umzekelo, ukusebenzisa kakuhle izakhelo zoncedo abaphathi-mikhosi baqwalasela izisongelo baze basebenzise iimpendulo ezifanelekileyo, ngelixa ababanjwa kunye nokuphengulula imithetho elandelwayo ikhusela igosa kunye nombandela kwimigibe esemthethweni. Ngaphezu koko, ezi migaqo zinika uphawu lwebhetshi ukwenzela ukuphendula. Xa isiganeko esithile sisenzeka, abaphengululi neenkundla zihlola enoba amagosa alandela imithetho elandelwayo, ewenza isixhobo esinenkcabathayo sokucacisa nokuvelela. Njengoko i-Prothestings, uhlalutyo nokuphinda iprotocomputeko kuyimfuneko ukuphendula okutsha, inkqubela-phambili yobugcisa, kunye nokujongwa kwabantu.

Imithetho yokuziphatha enyanzelisayo yoMthetho ezizinxenye ezingundoqo

Imithetho elawula ukugcinwa komthetho yanamhlanje igubungela ububanzi bemisebenzi. Amacandelo alandelayo ahlolisisa iindawo ezintlanu ezingundoqo ezenza umzi-siseko womsebenzi wamapolisa. Ilungu ngalinye likhokelwa yimigaqo esemthethweni, inkqubo yamasebe, kunye neemfuno zoqeqesho ezizimisele ukulungelelanisa ukunyanzeleka kwamalungelo omntu ngamnye.

Ukusetyenziswa kwemigca yezikhokelo zemikhosi

Umthetho wokunyanzelisa umgaqo-siseko mhlawumbi yeyona ndawo iqwalaselweyo yokunyanzelisa umthetho. Imithetho yemithetho yezomthetho yenzelwe ukuqinisekisa ukuba abaphathi basebenzisa amandla afanelekileyo kuphela ukufikelela injongo esemthethweni yomthetho. umgaqo-nkqubo woMgaqo-siseko umisela ukuthengwa kwamandla agqithisileyo [ kwe-U.S. umGaqo-siseko uthintela ukuxhuzulana okungaqiqinisekiyo, kwaye iNkundla ePhakamileyo [FLT] isebenzisa imodeli ye-ekhomputha yomkhosi [ii-omatilo-omatili, i-omatiloliti ye-om, i-omatilo-omatilo-menti, i-menziswa ngamandla angenagwegwegwegwe, amaqela asetyenziswayo, amaqela asetyenziswayo, anjalo, anjalo anjalo.

Indlela yokusebenza enyukayo iquka ubungxengxezi bolwaphulo-mthetho, nokuba lo mbandela uzisa isisongelo esikhawulezileyo, nokuba ngaba umxholo uyakwazi ukuxhathisa ukubanjwa. Abaphathi baqeqeshelwa ukuphelisa ukusetyenziswa kwe-ecacalties, ukwenza umgama, ukusebenzisa isigqubuthelo, kunye nokusebenzisa ubuchule bonxibelelwano ukunciphisa imfuneko yamandla omzimba. Iinkampani ezininzi ngoku zifuna iinkcukacha ezithe ngqo kunye nohlolo lomphathi wokusetyenziswa kwamandla ngaphezu komgangatho othile, uqheliso olunconyelwe ngamandla .S.ISebe logwebo-omzimba..

Iindlela Zokubanjwa

Ukubanjwa kumele ukungenelela okubalulekileyo kwinkululeko yomntu, ngoko umthetho olawula ukubanjwa kunezibakala ezingokwasemthethweni. Igosa kufuneka libe nesizathu esifanelekileyo, umgangatho ochazwa njengenkolelo esengqiqweni esekelwe kwizibakala zokuba ulwaphulo-mthetho lukho okanye lukho. Ngexesha lokubanjwa, imisebenzi iquka ukuzichaza njengegosa lamapolisa, ukuchaza isizathu sokubanjwa, nokuthatha umbandela ngenkani ngegunya elincinane. Xa umntu evalelwe, abaphathi-majoni kufuneka banikezele [ Maranda phambi kokuqhuba umncinwa wamapolisa, uxelela umntu onelungelo lokuhlala ethe cwaka nokuhlala ekhululekile.

Iinkqubo zokubhala ziyahluka ngokwamandla kodwa ziquka ukubhalwa kwamaqela eendleko, ukufotwa nokufakwa kweminwe, isiganeko sokuphengululwa kweminwe, kunye nokuxilongwa kwezonyango ukwenzela iingozi okanye iingxaki zempilo. Imithetho yemithetho yokuziphatha ikwathetha ngokuphathwa kwabemi abakhethekileyo, abafana nabantwana, abantu abaneemeko zempilo yengqondo, nabafazi abakhulelweyo, abafuna ukuba amagosa abamba athathe inkathalo eyongezelelekileyo okanye aqhagamshelane nabo. Ukungaphumeleli ukulandela iinkqubo zokubanjwa ezifanelekileyo kungakhokelela ekucinezeleni phantsi komthetho owedwa okanye ityala loluntu lokuvalelwa ngempazamo okanye ukuvalelwa ngobuxoki okanye ukusetyenziswa ngokugqithisileyo.

Phendla kunye nokuLahla

Uphengululo kunye nemithetho elandelwayo esetyenziswayo ekudibaneniseni kophando lolwaphulo-mthetho olunempumelelo kunye nokhuseleko lomgaqo-siseko. Uhlaziyo lwesine lukhusela abantu ekuphandweni nasekuxhuzulweni okungekho ngqiqweni. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukuphengululwa kufuna isiqinisekiso esikhutshwa yijaji engathanga siseko. Noko ke, kukho iimvume ezininzi ezimiselwe kakuhle: imvume, iimeko ezichaphazelekayo (umz., ukusukela ngokushushu, ukutshatyalaliswa okukhawulezileyo kobungqina), ukuphengulula isiganeko sokubanjwa okusemthethweni, imfundiso ecacileyo, kunye nokuphengulula inqwelo-mafutha phantsi kokungabikho kwemoto.

Umahluko ngamnye kufuneka usetyenziswe ngokuchanekileyo. Uphando oluvumelayo lufuna ukuba imvume inikwe ngokuzithandela kwaye umntu unegunya elicacileyo kwindawo ekhangelweyo. Abaphathi baqeqeshelwe ukucacisa iinkcukacha ezithile ezithethelela naliphi na inyathelo lokuphendla. Ubungqina bamanani bongezelele amathambeka amatsha entsonkothileyo. Ukujonga icell phone, umzekelo, kufuneka ukuba isiqinisekiso phantsi i-Ry v. California [2014] [2014]. isebe lilungisa rhoqo imithetho yabo yokulawula ukudibanisa imithetho yabo kwiNkungalo ePhakamileyo nenkundla yezomthetho, iqinisekisa ukuba ubungqina buzakubanjwe bungasetyenziswa ekuvavanyweni.

Ubuchule bokutshintsha

Uphazamiso lubuchule obukhethekileyo obujoliswe ekufumaneni ulwazi lokuzithandela, oluthembekileyo kwimida erhanelwayo esemthethweni. Imithetho yokuncinwa kweMpatho-mda yesihlanu echasene nelungelo lokuzidityanisa ngokwayo kunye noMmiselo weSithandathu weSigqibo sinelungelo lokucebisa. Imbombo ngumthetho weSithandathu: phambi kokuncinwa kwegunya, abaphathi-mikhosi kufuneka bacebise abakrokrelelwe ngamalungelo abo. Umthetho othethsileyo kufuneka waziwe, ukrelekrelekrele, nowokuzithandela. Icebo lokuzisongela, isithembiso sokuzikhusela, okanye ukuzimela ukungabikho komnye umntu — livalelwe kuba banokunikela ingxengxelo yokuzimela engazibonzi nanga.

Imithetho-nkqubo yale mihla yokuncina iquka i-Reid Technique okanye i-[FLT]PECE imodeli (Ingcebiso neSicwangciso, i-Akhawunti, i-Akhawunti, i-Akhawunti, i-Recombure, i-Evalute) egxininisa udliwano-ndlebe nolwakhiwo-mthetho olusemgangathweni kwinkcaso. Amaziko amaninzi ngoku afuna ukuba kubhalwe udliwano-ndlebe kuwo onke amaphepha okunika ingxelo echanileyo nokuthintela uqheliselo oluchaneyo. Uqwalaselo olukhethekileyo lusebenza kulutsha, abantu ngabanye abaneziphene, nabasebenzi bolwazi, nabangengoma yamaNgesi. Ukuthetha ngengqhinga kunye nabagxeli-o-o-odcordiso ngezo zoncedo ngexesha lokuzikhusela kunye nocelelo loncedo lwezingelo luqiniseko olune neziphumo oluneziphumo lwemithetho.

Imigaqo-nkqubo yoLuntu

I-Protoli yoluntu yintanda-bulumko efuna ukuba kubekho indlela esebenzayo, esekelwe kunxulumano kukhuseleko lukawonke-wonke, kunokuba ibe yimodeli esebenzayo, yokunyanzelisa. Imithetho yokuziphatha kulo mmandla ijonge ekwakheni ukuthembana, ukunciphisa uloyiko lolwaphulo-mthetho, kunye nokusingatha ingcambu yokungalungelelani. Abaphathi-mikhosi balindeleke ukuba babe nenxaxheba rhoqo, kwintsebenziswano entle namalungu oluntu, ukuya kwiintlanganiso zengingqi, kunye neqabane kunye nemibutho yasekuhlaleni, izikolo, namashishini. Ingxaki efuna ukuvelisa iimodeli ezifana [[FALT:0][FALT:1] [[SALT] [ukuhlolwa, uhlazinzo, ukuphendula, ukuphenduliswa koluntu) isetyenziswa ngokweengxelo eqhubekayo kwiimeko ezifana nokuqhuba iziyobisi okanye ii-aceasensitacity.

Imithetho yokuziphatha ekhokela amagosa asekuhlaleni akhuphisanayo, asebenza ngobuchule bobugxwayiba, kunye nolwazi olupheleleyo lobugxwayiba. Injongo kukuqinisekisa ukuba onke amalungu oluntu, kungakhathaliseki ukuba luluphi uhlanga, okanye umgangatho wentlalo, afumana inkonzo esesikweni nenentlonelo. I-Ofisi ye-COPS yeSebe loLuntu] inika oovimba abaninzi abanokukwazi ukuqhelanisa neemfuno zabo zasekuhlaleni. Amaziko oluntu aluncedo anciphisa ingxabano, aphucula ulwazi, akhokelela kwiqondo elicacileyo lolwaphulo-mthetho olunzulu ngexesha elinye lokunciphisa amathuba ezikhalazo kunye nokhuthuko.

Ukubaluleka Kokulungelelana

Ukunamathela kumthetho olandelwayo akuyomfuneko yomthetho; yi-arhente esisiseko yolawulo lwedemokhrasi. Xa amagosa elandela imigaqo emiselweyo, aqinisa umthetho kwaye abonakalisa intlonelo ngamalungelo omgaqo-siseko omntu ngamnye. Oku kuzisa iinzuzo eziliqela ezibalulekileyo:

  • ikhusela amalungelo abantu — imithetho esesikweni efana neemfuno zokufuna isiqinisekiso kunye nezilumkiso ze-Miranda zikhusela ngqo ekuphathweni ngurhulumente. Ukungabhaceki kungakhokelela ekuphululeni kweyesine, eyesihlanu, eyesithandathu, kunye neyeshumi elinesine Izigwebo, ezinokubangela umonakalo ongenakulungiseka kubantu kwaye zicuthe inkqubo yokusesikweni.
  • [[FLT: 0] Intembeko yoluntu [[FLT: 1]] — uphando lubonisa rhoqo ukuba xa uluntu luqonda izenzo zamapolisa njengezenzo zobukho (imo yezulu, ekhanyayo, nenentlonelo), ukuthembana kunye nentsebenziswano, ukwanda. Ukuqokelelwa kwemithetho esesikweni kusisalathisi esinokulungiseka esisebenzayo.
  • Inciphisa iimeko zokungalawuleki — imigaqo-nkqubo ecacileyo, idityaniswe nolawulo kunye nendlela yokuphendula, idala amathuba ambalwa okuxhatshazwa okanye ukungakhathali. Xa abaphathi bephambuka kwinkqubo, iinkqubo zongenelelo zangaphambili zingayihombisa iflegi phambi kokuba ikhule ibe ziziganeko ezinzulu.
  • iqinisekisa ukhuseleko lukawonke-wonke — iMithetho egxininisa ukuncitshiswa kwemeko, ungenelelo lwengxaki, kunye nentsebenziswano yoluntu inciphisa ungquzulwano logonyamelo, ukuncitshiswa kokhuseleko, kwaye ikhuthaza imekobume ekhuselekileyo kumagosa kunye noluntu.

Ngaphezu koko, ukuthobela kuyimfuneko esemthethweni. Amasebe asilela ukuqeqesha amagosa kwiinkqubo zomthetho okanye anyamezela ukuphambuka okusasazekileyo angajamelana nokumangalelwa kwabemi phantsi kweCandelo 1983 ukuba oko kusilela kuphumele ekuphulweni komGaqo-siseko. Imimiselo emininzi yokuvuma engeniswe kwisebe lamapolisa iqhutywa ziziphumo zokungahambelani nemithetho eyimfuneko.

Ucelomngeni Kwimithetho Yomthetho Enyanzeliswayo

Ngaphandle kokubaluleka okucacileyo kwemithetho ecwangcisiweyo, abameli bomthetho kulo lonke ilizwe bajamelana nocelomngeni oluzingisileyo ekusebenziseni nasekuzigcineni. Le miqobo ingakuphelisa ukusebenza kweyona nkqubo izimiseleyo.

Uqeqesho Olutshintshayo

Uqeqesho kwimithetho-siseko egxekayo luyehluka kakhulu ukusuka kulawulo olunye ukuya kwelinye. I-ofisi encinci yasemaphandleni ingaba nobuchule obulinganiselweyo kwaye isenokuba nemisebenzi exhomekeke kunyaka ngamnye, ngelixa isebe elikhulu lamapolisa eliseburhulumenteni lisenokuba linikezele ukuqeqeshwa kwamaziko akwizikolo kunye nemithambo esekelwe kwimifanekiso eqhubekayo. Oku kuthetha ukuba ukuqonda komphathi-mikhosi okusemthethweni ekwimimandla egqwethiweyo efana nokuphendla nokuxhathisa okanye ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kungahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwindawo asebenza kuyo. Imigangatho yesizwe, njengaleyo ipapashwe yi-[FLT: 0] i-ACP National Lawrigiment Progacymentment Center Center Center Center Center Center Center [[FLT1:], inikezela ngesiseko, kodwa ukuxhasa umgangatho wokuzithandela. Ukungabikho kwemiqatha yemithetho ye-Creamsting yegumbi lomthetho womthetho-octives kwigumbi elingundoqo lokhuseleko lomthetho-octive.

Ubuchule bokusasaza nokuQonda

Kwixesha levidiyo ye-cellphone ekhoyo kunye ne-media yentlalo, lonke inyathelo lamapolisa lingasasazwa ngokukhawuleza lize licaciswe. Ukuqondwa koluntu kwesiganeko kudla ngokuvela phambi kokuba umxholo opheleleyo wemithetho elandelwayo uqondwe. Oku kusingqongileyo kungadala uxinzelelo kubaphathi-macandelo afanelekileyo kwizenzo zesibini okanye, ngokuphikisanayo, ukugqithisa iimpendulo ezibonisa ukuphoxeka kokhuseleko lwabo. Ukhokelo lwamapolisa, ucelomngeni kukugcina ukunyaniseka kwimithetho elandelwayo ngoxa kuchazwa ngokucacileyo ukuqiqaqa ingqiqo kwiziphumo eziphambili zenkqubo. Umonakalo odumileyo ukusuka kwimicimbi ephezulu yeprofile, kwanaxa imigaqo elandelwayo, inokuba nzulu, ichaphazela, ukukhuthazwa kokuziphatha, intsebenziswano yentlalo, nentsebenziswano yentlalo-ntle.

Akukho Zinto

Imithetho-nkqubo emininzi ebandakanya amapolisa oluntu, ungenelelo lobugxwayiba, okanye ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo, ifuna utyalo-mali olubalulekileyo ekuqeqesheni, ekusebenzeni, nasekusebenzeni. Amasebe amancinane asoloko ezama ukuxhasa iiyure ezingama-40+ zeqela longenelelo (CIT) ezinconyelwe abaphathi-mikhosi okanye ukuxhobisa bonke abasebenzi ngeekhamera zomzimba kunye nogcino-lwazi olufunekayo. Ngaphandle koovimba abafanelekileyo, ukuzalisekisa umthetho kuba yinto efunekayo kunokuba kusebenze. Njengesiphumo, amanye amasebe angamisela ukulungelelathatho logcino-zixhobo olukwizimo zolwakhiwo-mali ezikhoyo kulwazi oluninzi olungenazingeneyo, kwanaxa ulwando olunenoluphuhliso lweziphelo lwendawo.

Ukutshintsha Ngokukhawulezileyo Kwezomthetho Nezentlalo

Imithetho kunye nolindelo lwezentlalo-ntle kwiipolitiki ziyahambelana. Umgangatho osemthethweni wokusebenzisa amandla, ukusingathwa kweemeko zempilo yengqondo, kunye nokuqokelelwa kobungqina be-DNA konke kusenze iinguqu ezinkulu kumashumi eminyaka akutshanje. Amasebe kufuneka asoloko elungisa imithetho yawo yokusebenza ukuze ahlale ekho. Oku kufuna ukuba amaqela emithetho enikezelweyo, abalawuli abasemthethweni, kunye nokuzimisela ukuphucula ngokuqhubekayo — ubunewunewunewu bonke ubunewunewu bolawulo. Ngaphezu koko, lo rhulumente omnye usenokuba nomlinganiselo omninzi womgaqo (umzi, ingingqi, iphondo, imo, urhulumente, kunye norhulumente) odala imiqathango engqubanayo, abasebenzi abashiye abathobelayo be-insho ephilileyo.

Ukuqalisa Utyekelo Neendlela Zexesha Elizayo

Imithetho elawula ukugcinwa komthetho ayimi ngamaxesha athile.

Uqikelelo lobuxhakaxhaka

Ukusuka kwiinkqubo zolawulo lobungcali ezintsonkothileyo zobucukucezo lwexesha lokwenene kumaziko olwaphulo-mthetho ahlola ukuzondla, ubugcisa butshintsha iimfuno zemithetho elandelwayo. Iikhamera zomzimba-onke ziphantse zidibene, zikhuthaza iinkqubo ezintsha zokusebenza, ukugcina, kunye nokutyhilwa kwabantu. IiDrone ngoku zisetyenziselwa ukukhangela nokuhlangula, ukwakhiwa kwengozi, kunye nokukrokretha, kufuna imithetho emitsha elungelelanisa ukusetyenziswa kwazo ngokuchasene namalungelo obuqu. Ubuchule obusetyenziswa ekuqapheleni ubuso okanye ekuxele kwangaphambili bunyusa inkxalabo ngotyekelo kunye nokuchanabeka, ukutyhalela abameli ukuba bavelise imigaqo ecacileyo yokuphatha ezi zixhobo ngaphambi kokuba bathumele ezi zixhobo.

Ingxaki enwebekayo yokungenelela kunye neemodeli zobuninzi bekhova

Ukuqaphela ukuba abaninzi bafuna inkonzo ebandakanya ukugula ngengqondo, ukusebenzisa kakubi iziyobisi, okanye ukungabi namakhaya, amasebe adala imithetho ekhethekileyo yokusebenza kunye. Ezi zinto zibini zisebenza kunye nepolisa elinobuchule bempilo yengqondo okanye umsebenzi wentlalo ukusingatha iziganeko ezifuna ukuhlaziywa nokudityaniswa kweenkonzo kunokuba zibanjiswe. Inkqubo yokuvavanya ugcino-lwazi olusuka kwizixeko ezifana no-Eugene, Oregon (imodeli ye-CAYOTS) kunye neLos Angeles ibonisa ukuba iprotocococo inciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwezehlo ezizinyanzelo zengqondo kunye nokubanjwa okungeyo ngexa kugcinwa irhafuthelo. Ucelomngeni ekuthwaleni ezi zimodeli ze-omfashoni kunye nokuqeqesha bonke abaphathi-majoni abaphambili ukuba bameme ii-ggxanduvane ngokufanelekileyo, kwana phambi kokuba iqela leqela le-comperensile) lifike.

Ukuqinisekisa kwesizwe kunye nentsebenziswano yokuzinzisa

Kukho ukutyhalela phambili okukhulayo kwemiqathango yesizwe ekunyanzelweni komthetho, kuquka iimfuno ezincinci zoqeqesho kunye nobhaliso lwesizwe lwesiqinisekiso somphathi-mikhosi kunye nokurhoxiswa. Iintlangano ezifana ne- Police Foundation sele ziceliwe ukulungiselela inkqubo esekelwe kubungqina enokuthi inciphise ukuhambelana nemigangatho ephezulu. Nangona imiyalelo karhulumente ihlale ingenamdla wezopolitiko, imibutho egunyaziweyo enjenge-CALEA (CUmcrective on Lawmentation for Anfoctive Axiementstion) sele inikezela ngesakhiwo solawulo olufuna ukuhlangabezana nomgangatho ophezulu. Kwixesha elizayo, amazwe anokufumana imithetho efana nemithetho efana neyo efuna ukuxhasa okanye i-inshorensi.

Ukuphendula kunye nomatshini wokubonisa ngaphaya

Uluntu lufuna ukuphendula ulawulo loluntu luphuhliso lwemithetho yokusebenza yokuqhuba imigaqo-nkqubo esetyenziswa ekulumkiseni abasebenzi beflegi abanomlinganiselo ophezulu wezikhalazo okanye abasebenzisa iziganeko zomkhosi. Iibhodi zolawulo lwabemi zinikwa unikezelo oluthe lwandiswa kwingqikelelo nohlolo lwenkqubo. Ngoku amasebe amaninzi apapasha imithetho yawo esesikweni kwi-intanethi kwaye akhupha iingxelo zezibalo ezikwiziphumlisi, ukuphengulula, ukuva, nokusebenzisa amandla. Oku kuqhubela ekubonakaliseni intembeko kodwa kwakhona kwenza irhinxiso enceda amaziko aqonde ukuba ngawaphi amaqela asebenza kwaye afuna ukuhlaziywa.

Isiphelo: Imithetho yokuziphatha njengesakhelo esiphilayo

Umthetho olandelwayo ungaphezulu kakhulu kunemithetho ebekwe ephepheni. Imela inkqubo ephilayo ehambelana notshintsho olusemthethweni, inkqubela-phambili yobugcisa, kunye nolindelo loluntu. Xa yenziwe kwaye iphunyezwa ngokuthembeka, le mithetho ikhusela amalungelo abantu, inika ukhokelo olucacileyo kumagosa, kwaye iqinisa umanyano phakathi kwamapolisa nabemi abakhonzayo. Uhambo oluya kuthobela ngokupheleleyo. Lufuna ukuqhubekeka koshishino ekuqeqesheni, ukuvuma uphando nokuziphendulela, nokuvuma ukuguquka xa ubungqina butyhila iimpazamo.