Ingqungquthela: I-injini Yolawulo lwaseMelika

IBhunga lowiso-mthetho, isebe lorhulumente wase-United States, lidla ngokubonakala njengesakhiwo esikude esisebenza kwi-Washington, D.C., trans. Kodwa, izigqibo zalo zemihla ngemihla zibumba isiseko esisisiseko sobomi baseMelika. Kwirhafu enqanyulweyo nexabiso lomoya obekiweyo ophefumla kwimilinganiselo yokukhuseleka kwenqwelo-mafutha kunye namaxabiso eziyobisi ezigunyazisiweyo, izenzo zeKhomishini zisoloko zikho, ukuba ngamanye amaxesha zingabonakali, ubukho. Ukuqonda indlela eli sebe elisebenza ngayo asiyonkqubo yemfundo egcinelwe abafundi benzululwazi yezobupolitika; lisisixhobo esiluncedo sokuqhuba ihlabathi, ukwenza ukhetho olunolwazi, nokusebenzisa amalungelo omntu njengommi. Oku kuphazamisa inkqubo, inkqubo, kunye nempembelelo yokwenene yehlabathi lobukhokeli, ukulungiselela ulwazi, nokubona indlela abafundi abanokuyiphumeza ngayo kurhulumente babo.

Isiseko Sokwakhiwa: Kutheni Kukho Iziko Elibini?

Isakhiwo seBhunga sisiphumo esithe ngqo sokuThintelwa kweNtloko enkulu yowe-1787, isivumelwano esibalulekileyo ebudeni beNdibano yezomGaqo-siseko eyavala ulwahlulo phakathi kwamaphondo amakhulu namancinci. Kunokuba ibe liqumrhu elinye lowiso-mthetho, iziHlamli zakha inkqubo ye- ibadaral[ (iindlu yowiso-mfuno-mfuno) (indlu yowiso-mthetho: indlu yowiso-mthetho nendlu ye-mthetho. Oku kwakungeyiyonto elula ukulalanisa ngokomelelo; yayiyilwa ngempazamo ukwenza inkqubo ye-echeck kunye nemilinganiselo * kunye ne-Genestimula *. Igumbi ngalinye lanikwa amagunya ahlukene, amagunya eofisi, kunye nee-contitue kuqinisekisa ukuba umthetho uzakususwa ngokuconga kwimbono eentlobo ezininzi.

Indlu Yabameli: Indlu Yabantu

Indlu yabameli yenzelwe ukuba ibe ligumbi elikufuphi nabantu. Amalungu ayo angama-435 ayahlulwa phakathi kwelizwe elisekelwe kubemi, ilungu ngalinye limele isithili esithile esikhethekileyo. Le nkqubo ibuye ibuye ihlolwe kwiminyaka elishumi emva kobalo lwesizwe, inkqubo eyaziwa njenge ukuthatha inxaxheba . Ngenxa yokuba amalungu endlu asebenza kuphela ngokweemeko ezimbini zeminyaka, kufuneka aphulaphule rhoqo iimvakalelo eziguqukayo neemfuno zeengingqi zoluntu. Oku kusondeza kwenza indlu ikwazi ukusabela kakhulu kulwamvo lwasekuhlaleni kodwa kwakhona kulula ngakumbi ukuqhuba imicimbi yezopoliti yequbuliso.

Indlu inamagunya amaninzi akhethekileyo agxininisa indima yayo njengommeli ongqalileyo wabantu. Zonke iindleko zokunyusa ingeniso (irhafu) kufuneka zivele kwiNdlu. Ngaphezu koko, iNdlu inamandla okuphela afundisayo [, esebenza njengelungu elibalaseleyo labagwebi abagwebi abachasene namagosa asekuhlaleni, kuquka uMongameli. Indlu isebenza neKomiti enamandla yeMithendeleko elawula imibandela engowona mthetho, evumela iqela elininzi ukuba liqhubekisele phambili imicimbi yalo. Oku kusingqongileyo okulungeleyo, ngelingenelo, ngelixa lisebenza kakuhle, kunakho ukunikela izityholo ezithengi okanye ukulizisa imicimbi.

ICandelo: ISaucer Epholileyo

IBhunga leNtsimbi lamiselwa njengegunya elithe xhaxhe. Urhulumente ngamnye, kungakhathaliseki ukuba baphi abantu, unyulo lwezicaka ezimbini, oluphumela kumalungu alikhulu. Ngemithetho yeminyaka emithandathu kuphela yequmrhu lonyulo nangaliphi na ixesha elinikiweyo, iNdlu yecawa igqunywe kwiminqweno ekhawulezileyo kawonke-wonke. Abaqulunqi abanjengoGeorge Washington bayichaza iBhunga njenge-"gamsi elihambayo" apho ite eshushu yomthetho odluliswa kwindlu yayinokuphola.

Amagunya eBharte ahlukene ngokufanayo. Inika ingcebiso kunye nokuvumelana ekumiselweni okungundoqo komongameli, kuquka onobhala beKhabhinethi, abagwebi bequzeli borhulumente, kunye nee-ofire. Indlu ye-Cantenet kufuneka ivume ivume izivumelwano ngokuvota okubini-mitha. Kwakhona isebenza njengejaji eligwebayo kwiimvavanyo zokungaququki. Isithethe sendlu yengqungquthela epheleleyo sinika amandla abalulekileyo. I-sentenentswana enye ingabeka "isi" emthetho, kwaye abambalwa abazimiseleyo bangakhupha [[FLT.] [i], ngokunempumelelo, isithintela ngaphandle kokuba amavotimenti e-[FFOT] [FFF] [FFF] [5] [FFFF] [igma] ink] iprotolikithesi yomthetho omkhulu yemithetho yale siseko somthetho yanamhlanje eepolitiki yanamhlanje, enziweyo, enzileyo iphume

ILabyrinth Esemthethweni: Indlela Ibhiliyo Eba Ngumthetho Ngayo

Umzobo wendlu yesikolo eqhelekile "Indlela IBhili enokuba nguMthetho" uchaza nje intwana yebali. Uhambo lokwenyaniso yinkqubo entsonkothileyo, elungiselwe izinto ezininzi ezinobungozi obuninzi. Ukuqonda la manyathelo kubalulekile nabani na ozama ukuqonda okanye ukuphembelela inkqubo karhulumente.

Inyathelo 1: Ukwazisa kunye nokuLawula kweKomiti

Naliphi na ilungu leKhompathimente lingaqalisa ityala. Xa lithe laziswa, ityala linikwa ikomiti ekhethekileyo [[FLT: 0] emileyo elawulayo kumbandela wayo. Eli lelona qondo libalulekileyo kwinkqubo yowiso-mthetho. Ikomiti ilapho ukuphakamisa okukhulu kwemithetho kuyenzeka khona. I-komiti ibamba iindlebe ukuqokelela ubungqina obungochwepheshe, ukuqhuba uphando, nokuphikisana ngenkqubo ebizwa ngokuba yi- umthetho , apho amalungu anikela khona ukuthunyelwa kwemiqathango kwaye ekugqibeleni avote ukuba athumele khona izibhengezo kwigumbi elipheleleyo. Umthetho ungafa ngokuzolileyo kwikomiti ukuba isihlalo asikhethi. Ikomiti engundoqo iquka ii-Applip, nee-DSCPrices, kunye nee-DSCremittees, kunye nee-Drectory, kunye nee-Dreactives.

Inyathelo 2: Isenzo somgangatho kunye nengxoxo

Ukuba uxwebhu luxelwe ngaphandle kwekomiti, lubhekisa kumgangatho wegumbi layo elizimeleyo. Kwindlu, iKomiti yemithetho icwangcisa iparameters zengxoxo, ukugqiba ukuba yeyiphi ingxubusho enokuthi inikezelwe kwaye ukuba ixake ixesha elingakanani eliya kuhlala. umthetho ovaliweyo awuvumeli zilungiseko, lo gama ukuvumela umthetho olungisiweyo [[FLT]] olungisiweyo] kuphela.

ICathenal ilandela indlela eyahlukileyo. Inkokeli enkulu ifuna uvumo lwemvume ukuzisa uxwebhu kumgangatho. Ukuba naziphina izinto ze-sentete, izitebhisi zemali. Ukuloyisa oku, uninzi lwenkokeli lungafaka ifayile ye isicelo esifuna amavoti ama-60 ukunqumla impikiswano. Lo mqobo wama-vote ngu "filibuster" kwimo yayo yangoku, kwaye ithetha ukuba eyona nto ibalulekileyo ifuna izimvo ezithandano ezinkulu ukudlula kwi-Statet.

Inyathelo 3: Ukulungisa Umahluko

Ukuze inikwe umthetho, kufuneka idlule yomibini iNdlu kunye neBhunga leNdlu yeMasipala ku * ngokulinganayo*. Ngenxa yokuba la magumbi asoloko egqitha iinguqulelo ezahlukeneyo zomthetho omnye, ikomiti yokudibana [ idityanisiwe. Le komiti yexeshana ibunjwe ngamalungu amakhulu akwindlu kunye neBhunga eliphethe ityala. Athetha ngoguqulelo olulalane, emele ke avunyelwe yivoti enkulu kuwo omabini amagumbi ngaphandle kokuphinda aphinde alungiswe. Ukuba ukulalana kuphelile, isibhamkelo siyafa.

Inyathelo lesi-4: Isenzo sobuongameli

Uguqulelo lokugqibela luthunyelwa kuMongameli. USonow uxwebhu kumthetho. `Veto'''''' ireyibhile, ithumela emva kweKhomishoni ngemida. Vumela ityala lokuba ngumthetho [[FLT:] ngaphandle kosayino emva kweentsuku ezilishumi ukuba iKhomishini iseqeleni. Okanye, ukuba iBhunga le iintsuku ezilishumi, uMongameli ungenza i-'imposiso ye-'ejongs' . [umthetho ok'ungenawo ummiselo], ubulala ngokuneyo. Congresstings' iintsuku ezimbini ezidiadayo, nangona ingenamsebenzi.

Amandla Okuthenga Nawokulawula

Ngaphandle kokumiswa kwemithetho, iKhomishini yeNkqutyana iphethe izixhobo zayo ezimbini ezinamandla: amandla esipaji namandla okuphatha. Le misebenzi iqinisekisa ukuba iNgqungquthela ayingomenzi wemithetho nje kuphela kodwa ngumphathi nomphathi okhutheleyo karhulumente worhulumente.

Inkqubo Yoqingqo - mali: Ukukhetha Izinto Eziza Kuqala

UMgaqo-siseko unika iNkqutyana amandla erhafu nokuchitha imali. Inkqubo yoqingqo-mali yesizwe yindlela iguqulela ngayo izinto eziza kuqala kwi-irandi. Le nkqubo ibandakanya amanyathelo amaninzi angundoqo. UMongameli unika isicelo soqingqo-mali. Ingqungquthela igqithisa ityala [ lommiselo wetyala, elimisela ukusetyenziswa kwemali kunye nengeniso. Ngoko, iAppropriation Religions Committences eziyahlulwa phakathi kwemali elishumi elinesibini [[FLT:]], ezixhasa zonke iindleko zemali ezigunyazwe ekukhuseleni i-mali ukuya kwi-paki yesizwe.

Xa iKhompathimente ingaphumeleli ukudlulisa ezi ziko lobalo ngexesha, urhulumente ujongene ne- shutfewn. Ukuphepha oku, iKhompathiswa isoloko igqithisa ummiselo wesigqibo (CRC), yiyiphi imali urhulumente akwimigangatho yangoku ngexesha elifutshane. [[[FLT:]] uphahla lwetyala , umbangowahlukeneyo kodwa unxulumene nomba, ngummiselo osemthethweni wendlela urhulumente anokuboleka ngayo iindleko zawo ezikhoyo. Ukunyusa amatyala emali emali emali emali emali emali ekhoyo. Intengoonotyalo zemfazwe ezingundoqo zemfazwe.

Ukuqinisekisa Nophando

IBhunga leNdlu yeeNtsimbi linguvavanyo olukhulu kwisebe eliphetheyo. Nyaka ngamnye, iNdlu yeQeam iqinisekisa amawaka abamiselwe ngumongameli, ukusuka kumajaji enkundla yesithili yephondo ukuya koonobhala beKhabhinethi. Le nkqubo iquka uphando olucokisekileyo lweKomiti yeNdlu yeeKhomishoni (kuba ngabagwebi) okanye ikomiti enxulumene (yoomphathi-mikhosi), elandelwa yivoti epheleleyo yeBharhanethi.

I-Congressional i-Authority ikukuphinda kuhlolwa okuqhubekayo kwamasebe, iinkqubo, neenkqubo zesizwe. Iikomiti zibamba amava ukuze zibuze amagosa, amaxwebhu angaphantsi kwe-topina, kwaye zihlole indlela enokubakho inkunkuma, ukuqhatha, okanye ukusetyenziswa kakubi. I-ofisi ye-Goversal Accocation Accounting (GAO)[FLT], , umbutho ozimeleyo, ongeyo wecawano-okrala osebenza kwiBhunga lomthetho osebenza kwiBhunga-Roktolo, uphanda indlela echithwa ngayo kwaye unika iingxelo zokusebenza kwenkqubo yorhulumente. Lo msebenzi ugcina i-ofisi ingumbango-mthetho inika abameli babantu abanyuliweyo.

Ingqungquthela Kubomi Bakho Bemihla Ngemihla

Unxulumano phakathi kwesenzo sombutho namava omntu ngamnye lungqale ngakumbi kunokuba abaninzi becinga.

  • Umsebenzi kunye ne-Wages: imisela intlawulo encinane karhulumente, ilawula ukhuseleko lwemisebenzi nge-Occupational Safety kunye noLawulo lwempilo (OSHA), kwaye inyanzelisa imithetho elwa nohlanga-lwano ngeKhomishoni ye-EOC ye-Octive Option Option Board (EOC). I-National Labortion Relationsboard (NLRB), elawula unyulo kunye nokuthelekisa, ikwayinkqubo yeBhunganiso.
  • IHealth kunye neNkcubeko: I-Food and Drug Administration (FDA), eqinisekisa ukhuseleko lokutya neziyobisi, ixhaswe yiNgqungquthela. Iziko lolawulo lwezifo kunye nothintelo (CDC) likhusela impilo kawonke-wonke. Iinkqubo ezifana neMedicare, Medicaid, kunye noMthetho we-Afford Care Care (ACA) zimveliso engqalileyo yomthetho wengqungquthela.
  • [[NKQUBO:0] Imali Ezentengiselwano:[ Inkonzo yeNgeniso Yangaphakathi (IIRS) iqokelela irhafu esekelwe kwimithetho yerhafu ebhalwe yiBhungane. I-Secturalies and Exchange Commission (SEC) ilawula iimarike zamashishini. I-Consumer Finicial Protection Bureaunication (CFPB), edaywe nguMthetho we-Dodd-Frank, ikhusela abathengi ekubolekeliseni nasekuqhatheliseni imali.
  • [[NKQUBO:0] Inkcitho kunye noLuntu: Imali encediswayo yeendlela, iibhulorho, uthutho lukawonke-wonke, iinqwelo-moya, kunye neenkqubo zamanzi ihamba kwimali ye-apprications. IKhomishini yeNkqutyana ye-FC) ilawula ukufikelela komoya kunye ne-Internet.

Xa iBhunga lisilela ukwenza okanye lidlulisele umthetho ongenguwo, imiphumo ibakho kule nkalo.

Incwadi Yakho Yokudlala: Ukuzibandakanya NeeKhonklane

Idemokhrasi esebenza ifuna ukuba nenxaxheba ngokukhutheleyo. Ngethamsanqa, kwale sakhiwo senza iNgqungquthela ibe yinkcaso enika abemi iinkalo ezininzi zokungena ukuze bavakalise amazwi abo.

Bazi Abameli Bakho

Inyathelo lokuqala lokuphumelela ekugananeni ligama lokwazi ukuba ngubani okumeleyo. Ummi ngamnye unommeli omnye kwindlu kunye nee-Senator ezimbini. Ii-ofisi zabo zisetyenziselwe ukunceda abasebenzi. Ukufumana zilula: tyelela .Gov okanye USUSA.gov[[FLT:]] kwaye ngenisa ikhowudi yezip. Jonga iirekhodi zabo zekomiti kunye nevota kumanxuwa afana [[FLT:].[FLT]

Yenza Ilizwi Lakho Liveke

Ii-ofisi zinikela ingqalelo kunxibelelwano oluyintsebenziswano. Eyona ndlela isebenzayo kukufowunela okanye ukufowunela okanye ukuthatha i-imeyili okanye ileta efutshane. Ukuthembela kwifomu yee-imeyili ezivela kumaphulo amakhulu akunampembelelo ingako. Ukuya kwiintlanganiso zeholo yedolophu yasekuhlaleni xa ilungu leBhunga lisekhaya kucwangciso yenye yezona ndlela zingqalileyo zokubuza umbuzo uze ufumane impendulo kawonke-wonke.

  • [[UMTL: 0] Umnxeba wePhone: Ukhawuleziso nosebenzayo kwivoti ezizayo. Umsebenzi umisa indawo yemfono- mfono.
  • Iileta ezizodwa/iiposi: Ezilunge kakhulu ekuchazeni iplanga lobuqu kumbandela oluntsonkothileyo. Ibali elinye, elibhalwe kakuhle linokuba nempembelelo eninzi kunoonobumba abaluhlobo.
  • [[UMTL:0] Kwiintlanganiso zePerson:[ abasebenzi beofisi yephondo bangasoloko belungiselela iintlanganiso ukwenzela abaququzeleli. Le yindlela enamandla yokwakha ulwalamano.

Landela Imali

Ukuqonda impembelelo yemali kwezobupolitika kubalulekile. Iminikelo yenkamkelo ayithengi ivoti, kodwa ithengela ukufikelela. Iintlangano ezinjenge zivula izicwangciso. org iminikelo yephulo nenkcitho, evumela abavoti ukuba babone ukuba ngawaphi amaziko nezilangazelelo ezixhasayo abanyuliweyo. Oku kusisixhobo esinamandla sokuphendula.

Hlala Unolwazi Yaye Uzichule

Owona msebenzi ubalulekileyo wommi kwidemokhrasi yabameli kukuhlala efundile kwaye evoti. Ukugada ukuchotshelwa kwetyala .C[FLT[1]], ukufunda isalathisi somsebenzi weendaba zasekuhlaleni zommeli, kunye nokuhlola iindawo zokukhangela inyani kunika ulwazi olufunekayo ukwenza ugwebo lwesandi kwibhokisi yebhola yovote. Unyulo oluphambili lusoloko luneziphumo eziphambili kunonyulo ngokuba lugqiba ukuba ukhetho olukhoyo ngoNovemba. Ukufumana kunyulo ngalunye kuthumela uphawu lokuba umnyulo unike ingqalelo.

Isiphelo

IBhunga lingumsebenzi onzima, maxa wambi odimazayo, kodwa ekugqibeleni obalulekileyo. Indlela eliyilwe ngabom, elisekelwe ekulalaneni nokuxilonga nokulinganisela, lidala inkqubo ehamba kancinci yolawulo eyakhelwa ukuzinza. Ngoxa le santya sinokuba nzulu, yaye sayilwa ngabom ukukhusela ubundlobongela nokwenza izigqibo ezingxamayo. Ngokuqonda iindima zendlu nendlu yendlu yengqungquthela, indlela entsokothileyo yemali, namandla amakhulu okulawula noqingqo-mali, abemi bangahamba ngaphaya kokugxeka nokungena entweni kwaye babandakanye nenkqubo yayo. Ukuthabatha inxaxheba ngenkuthalo kule nkqubo kubangelwa yi-injini eyenza ulawulo-demokhrasi kusebenze, iqinisekisa ukuba iBhunga eliyinyani linceda izilangazelelo zamihla ngemihla.