Umsebenzi we Jury umi njengenye yezona ndlela zingqalileyo abemi abathathi-nxaxheba kwinkqubo yokugweba yaseMerika. Xa ufumana inginginya yabachopheli-tyala, ubizwa ukuba ube ngumfumana wenyaniso kwimpikiswano esemthethweni, uqinisekisa ukuba izigqibo zibonakalisa umgwebo odityanisiweyo wecandelo loluntu. Le ndima ithwala omabini amalungelo kunye neembopheleleko eziyimfuneko kulawulo olulungileyo lomthetho. Ukuqonda oko kulindelekileyo kuwe, oko ukukhuselwa kwakho, nendlela inkqubo esebenzayo ekunokuguqula ngayo umsebenzi wejaji abagwebi kwimbopheleleko enzima yoluntu ibe ngumrhumo obalulekileyo.

Yintoni Inkonzo Yomnquba?

Umsebenzi we Jury yimbopheleleko esemthethweni yokuba abemi abafanelekileyo basebenze njengejaji kwinkundla yetyala. Abachopheli bejaji bakhethwa ukuba baphulaphule ubungqina kwiityala zoluntu nezezaphuli-mthetho, ngabom ngezibakala, baze banikele isigqibo. Le nkqubo isekelwe kwiSiqendu seSithandathu neseSigaba kwi-U.S., esiqinisekisa ukuba ilungelo lokuchotshelwa lichotshelwe lijaji elingakhethiyo. Abachopheli-mthetho basebenzisa ingqiqo eqhelekileyo nobomi bobungqina obunikelweyo. Umsebenzi weJury awuceliwe; ukungaphumeleli ukuvela ngaphandle kwesohlwayo esisemthethweni, kuquka nokuthotywa okanye ukudelwa kwenkundla.

Izigwebo zabachopheli-tyala ziyenzeka kumanqanaba orhulumente nawamagunya. Ngoxa imigaqo esisiseko ifanayo kwiimiqathango ethile, iinkqubo ezikhethekileyo, imbuyiselo, kunye nemithetho yokungahlawulwa iyahluka. Iinkundla zoManyano zitsala abachongi kwiingxelo zobhaliso lovoti kunye neengxelo zephepha-mvume lomqhubi, ngoxa iinkundla zephondo zisenokusebenzisa imithombo eyongezelelekileyo njengeencwadi zerhafu. Ukubizwa komsebenzi akuqinisekisi ukuba uza kusebenza kwityala; abantu abaninzi ababizwa baya kugwetywa, bayalityatyatyelwa, okanye abakhethwa emva kokuncinwa.

Ukubaluleka Kokwenza Inkonzo Yobutsha Kwidemokhrasi

Ilungelo lokuchophela ityala lisiseko solawulo lwedemokhrasi. Ibeka amandla okugqiba ukuba unetyala, umsulwa, okanye unetyala ezandleni zabemi abaqhelekileyo kunokuba abengamagosa karhulumente okanye abagwebi. Oku kuthintela ukugcinwa kwemithetho okungekho mthethweni kwaye kuqinisekisa ukuba iziphumo ezingokwasemthethweni zibonakalisa imilinganiselo yoluntu. Ngokwembali, ityala labachopheli-tyala liyinkuselo enzima ekukhuseleni ulawulo lobuzwilakhe, kwaye lihlala lingumsebenzi obalulekileyo kumagunya karhulumente. Xa usebenza kwinkundla yabachopheli-mthetho, awupheli nje ityala elinye; uphakamisa isithethe esiye salondoloza inkululeko yomntu ngamnye kangangeenkulungwane.

Ngaphezu koko, inkonzo yabachopheli-tyala ifundisa abemi ngenkqubo engokwasemthethweni. Ngokuthabatha inxaxheba, abagwebi bayaziqonda ngokobuqu indlela iinkundla ezisebenza ngayo, imingeni abagwebi namagqwetha abajamelene nayo, nokubaluleka kwenkqubo efanelekileyo. Oku kukhuthaza ukuthembana okungakumbi kwinkqubo yokusesikweni kwaye kukhuthaza ukudityaniswa kwequmrhu loluntu elinolwazi. ijaji yesizwe inikela izinto zokunceda abemi balapho baqonde umsebenzi obalulekileyo wejaji.

Amalungelo Akho Njengomgwebi

Ngoxa usebenza njengelungu lejaji, unelungelo lokukhusela imisebenzi yakho ngokungqalileyo ngaphandle kokunyanzelwa, ukucalucalulwa okanye uloyiko. La malungelo enzelwe ukugcina ingqibelelo yabachopheli-tyala nokungagwebi.

Ukubukelwa Ngomnye Umfundisi Ongakhethi Buso

Unelungelo lokuba yinxalenye yejaji engakhethi khethe, ikhethe, okanye impembelelo yangaphandle. Inkqubo yokukhetha, ukusuka ekubizeni kwi-voir, yenzelwe ukushiya abantu abangenakugweba ityala ngokubhekiselele kubungqina obubodwa. Ukuba uqonda ukuba omnye umgwebi ugwebile okanye umntu ongaphandle uzama ukuphembelela abachopheli-tyala, kufuneka ukhawuleze uyixele kumajaji. Eli lungelo likwathetha ukuba awugwetywa ngokusekelwe kuhlanga lwakho, ubufana, unqulo, okanye kumgangatho wentlalo. Iinkundla zithatha inkathalo enkulu yokuhlanganisa umgwebi obonisa icandelo elilungileyo elinqamlezayo.

Ndinelungelo Lokuzifihla

Inkcazelo yakho yobuqu yimfihlo. Abalawuli benkundla kufuneka bakhusele idilesi yakho, inombolo yefowuni, nezinye iinkcukacha ezichazayo. Ngexesha lobundlobongela, amagqwetha angabuza ngemvelaphi yakho ukutyhila imvelaphi, kodwa loo mibuzo imele ihlale inxulumene netyala. Akunyanzelekanga ukwabelana ngenkcazelo ephazamisayo okanye engavumelaniyo. Ukuba uvakalelwa kukuba imfihlo yakho iphulwe, unelungelo lokuphakamisa imbambano nejaji. Ukuchasa okanye ukuhlukumeza abagwebi kungathi unyanzele ulwaphulo-mthetho.

Ilungelo Lokuthetha Nokuviwa

Ngexesha lokucinga, unelungelo lokuchaza iimbono zakho kunye neenkcazelo zobungqina. Akukho mgwebi ufanele athotywe okanye othuswe atyhalwe ukuze avume. Inkqubo yeqhinga yimfihlo, okuthetha ukuba ungathetha ngokuphandle ngaphandle koloyiko lwempindezelo yangaphandle. Ijaji izakukuyalela ngemilinganiselo esemthethweni omele uyisebenzise, kodwa phakathi kweso siseko, imbono yakho iyalingana nayo yonke enye igqibo. Ukuba uvakalelwa ukuba abanye abalawuli bayazityeshela iimbono zakho okanye bakuphatha ngentlonelo, ungacela ingqungquthela nomgwebi.

Ilungelo lokucela ukugxothwa okanye ukuchaswa

Ukuba ukusebenza kwinkundla yabachopheli-tyala kungakubangela ubunzima obungafanelekanga . "njengokulahlekelwa kakhulu yimali, imiba yezamayeza, okanye ukunyanyekelwa kwembopheleleko" unelungelo lokucela ingxengxezo okanye ukulibaziseka. Inkundla nganye inenkqubo yokunikezela izicelo ezinjalo, ngokufuthi ngefomu ebhaliweyo okanye ngokuvalwa okufutshane. Iinkundla ezininzi zinikela ixesha elinye lokuzibekela ixesha kwimini yamva. Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba ukuphazanyiswa akuyondawo esesikweni yokucela ingxengxenga-xenge-ca; umgangatho ‘ unzima'okanye uxanduva.''.' Ukwanelungelo lokugwetyelwa ukuba unolwalamano nomntu ngamnye, igqwetha, okanye ingqina kwityala.

Ilungelo Lokuqonda Oko Kuqhubeka

Njengejaji, unelungelo lokuqonda imiyalelo esemthethweni enikwa ngumgwebi kunye nobungqina obunikiweyo. Ukuba kukho into engacacisiweyo, ungacela ukucaciswa, mhlawumbi kwinkundla evulekileyo okanye ngencwadi ebhaliweyo kwijaji. Iinkundla kufuneka zinike abagwebi abaneziphene indawo yokuhlala, kuquka ukuva okanye ukungaboni kakuhle. Ukwanelungelo lokucela ukuba umbhali wenkundla afunde ubungqina emva ukuba ufuna ukuhlaziya inkumbulo yakho xa kusenziwa izicelo.

Iimbopheleleko Zakho Njengomthetheli

Ukuzalisekisa ezi mbopheleleko kuqinisekisa ukuba ityala lifanelekile yaye abanye abantu bayafumana okusesikweni abafanele bakufumane.

Ukubonelela ngeli xesha

Kufuneka ubekho kuyo yonke intlanganiso ecwangcisiweyo, ukusuka kukhetho lwabachopheli-tyala ngokunikezelwa kwesigqibo. Ukufika emva kwexesha kungalizisa lonke ityala kwaye kubangele umgwebi, amagqwetha, amangqina, kunye nabanye abagwebi. Ukuba ungxamisekile uyakuthintela ukuba ungabikho, qhagamshelana nenkundla ngoko nangoko. Ukungabikho komsebenzi okungapheliyo kungaphumela ekujongelweni phantsi kwenkundla. Iimvavanyo ezininzi zinokuhlala iiveki ezimbalwa, kodwa ezinye zinganwebela iiveki; ulindeleke ukuba wenze amalungiselelo afunekayo ngaphambili.

Phulaphula Ngocoselelo Uze Uthabathe Amaphetshana Ukuba Avunyelwe

Lumka ngokusondeleyo kubo bonke ubungqina, imiyalelo, kunye nemiyalelo yomgwebi. Iinkundla ezininzi zivumela abagwebi ukuba babhale amaphetshana, nangona abanye abagwebi bekhetha ukuba uxhomekeke kwinkumbulo. Ukuba akuqinisekanga ngokomgaqo, buza kwijaji yakho. Qaphela kunokukunceda ukhumbule izibakala ezingundoqo xa uqwalasela, kodwa lumke ungavumeli ukuphawula okuphazamisayo ekuqwalaseleni indlela abasebenzi abasebenza ngayo kunye nolwimi lomzimba. Ufanele uphephe ukwenza iimbono de bonke ubungqina bunikezelwe.

Ziphathe Ngenkohlakalo Yaye Ngentlonelo

Ukuzimela kungundoqo womsebenzi wenkundla yabachopheli-tyala. Kufuneka ube nengxubusho ephandleni nomnye umchopheli-jaji, uqwalasele zonke iimbono ngaphambi kokuba ufikelele isigqibo. Ukufikelela isigqibo esimanyeneyo kwiimeko zolwaphulo-mthetho (futhi kwiimeko zasekuhlaleni) kufuna ulalanisa nomonde. Ukuhlonela iimbono zabanye naxa ungavumelani. Kuphephe ukunyanzela nabani na ukuba atshintshe ukhetho lwabo. Injongo kukufumana inyaniso esekelwe kubungqina, ungawisi mbambano.

Yifihle imfihlo

De ityala ligqitywe kwaye kuvakaliswe isigqibo, akufunekanga uxubushe ngetyala nomntu ongaphandle kwegumbi labachopheli-tyala. Oku kuquka intsapho, abahlobo, abasebenzi kunye namajelo okusebenza kunye namajelo okunxibelelana. Kwanasemva kwetyala, ufanele ulumke xa wabelana neenkcukacha zeqhinga lakho, njengoko iinkundla ezininzi zingakukhuthazi oko. Isithukuthezi sikhusela ingqibelelo yale nkqubo kwaye sivumela abagwebi ukuba bathethe ngokukhululekileyo ngaphandle kokoyika uphando olubonakalayo. Ukuba nabani na uzama ukunxibelelana nawe ngetyala, lixele ngokukhawuleza kumgwebi.

Hlala Ungakhethi Buso Uze Ulandele Umthetho

Iimvakalelo zakho zobuqu ngamaqela, amagqwetha, okanye umthetho ngokwawo akufunekanga uphembelele isigqibo sakho. Umele usebenzise umthetho njengoko umgwebi efundisa, nokuba wena ngokwakho awuvumelani nalo mthetho. Ukuba uneembono ezinamandla ezikuthintelayo ukuba ungabi nabulungisa, kufuneka uzityhile ngexesha lobunjani ukuze uthethelelwe. Xa ufungile, kufuneka ubeke ecaleni naziphi na izigqibo zesigqibo sakho uze usekele isigwebo sakho kwinkundla esemthethweni.

Ucwangciso Lokhetho Lwe Jury (Umsinga Omfutshane)

Voir orash, igama lesiFrentshi elithetha “ukuthetha inyaniso,” yinkqubo yokubuza abaququzeleli bejaji ukuba baqonde ikhethe nokuqinisekisa ukungacaluli. Liqolo elibalulekileyo elibumba abachopheli-tyala.

Iinkalo Ezishwankathelweyo Nobu buchule

Ufumana izicelo zejaji ezifuna ukuchotshelwa kwiposi, eziquka iposi ebuza nge-arhente yakho, ubumi, ubudala, nomsebenzi, kwakunye nayo nayiphi na imbali yolwaphulo-mthetho okanye imeko yengqondo enokuchaphazela amandla akho okusebenza. Kufuneka ugqibeze uphinde uyibuyise ngokukhawuleza. Ngokusekelwe kwiimpendulo zakho, inkundla iza kugqiba enoba uyakufanelekela kusini na ukukhonza. Ukudityaniswa okuqhelekileyo kubandakanya okungeyondawo yasekhaya, iinkolelo zentengiso (ngaphandle kwamalungelo oluntu abuyiselweyo), kwaye ukungazenziwa kwamalungelo omntu anokuqonda isiNgesi. Ukuba uyafaneleka, uyabelwa umhla wokunikela ingxelo.

Ingxelo

Ngosuku lwakho olucwangcisiweyo, usiya kwinkundla, ngokufuthi kunye neqela labasebenzi bejaji abaninzi okanye abangamakhulu. Uza kubukela ividiyo echaza inkqubo kunye nemisebenzi yakho. Emva koko, iqela likhethelwe ukuya kwinkundla ethile. Abagwebi namagqwetha baza kuzisa ityala kwaye baqalise ukubuza. Le ngxoxo isenokuqhutywa yijaji kuphela, ngamagqwetha, okanye ngamacala omabini, kuxhomekeke kummandla othile.

Iingxaki Zokujamelana Nezizathu Neengxaki

Ukuba uyavuma ukuba ucalucalulo okanye ukuba iimpendulo zakho zityhila ukuba awunakuba nesizathu esilungileyo, mhlawumbi igqwetha lingacela ijaji ukuba likugxothe “ngenxa yesizathu.” Akukho mda kubungakanani bemali abanokugwetywa ngenxa yesizathu. Ukongeza, igqwetha ngalinye linamanani alinganiselweyo “amanqam,” avumela ukuba limgxothe umgwebi ngaphandle kokuchaza isizathu. ngaphandle kokuba la macala angakwazi ukusebenzisa ezi ngxaki zisekelwe kuhlanga, ubuhlanga, okanye ubufana. Xa la macala omabini egqibile ukuhlasela abachobi, abaseleyo bayasolwa.

Izixhobo zokudibanisa

Ngokufuthi, omnye okanye angaphezulu abachopheli-mthetho bayakhethwa ukuba bahlale kulo lonke icala xa irhoqo igula rhoqo okanye ivunywa. Abathathi-nxaxheba baphulaphula bonke ubungqina kwaye bathathe inxaxheba kwingcebiso kuphela ukuba bathatha indawo yejaji eqhelekileyo. Ukuba abasebenzi bejaji abafunekayo, bayagxothwa xa igqibi liqalisa ukuphengulula ityala lokugqibela. Abachopheleli-jaji balukhuseleko olubalulekileyo kwimiba engalunganga ebangelwa yi-jur tyrition.

Oko Ukulindela Ngosuku LobuJuli

Ukwazi oko kwenzekayo xa kuchotshelwe ityala kunokukunciphisa ixhala uze ulungiselele.

  • [[UMTL:0] Iingxelo ezivulayo: igqwetha ngalinye linikeza ushwankathelo lwento elizimisele ukuyingqina.
  • Ukunikezelwa kobungqina: AmaNgqina ayangqina, kwaye amaxwebhu okanye imiboniso iveliswa. Ungava uvavanyo oluthe ngqo novavanyo olunqamlezayo.
  • [[FLT: 0] Impikiswano ezichazayo: Attorney zishwankathela ubungqina kwaye ziphikisane ngesizathu sokuba abachopheli-mthetho bafumane uncedo lwabo.
  • Imiyalelo yogwebi: Ijaji ichaza umthetho omele uwusebenzise, umzekelo, ingcaciso ethi “ukugqitha kumathandabuzo asengqiqweni” kwityala lolwaphulo-mthetho okanye“ ukuqwalaselwa kobungqina” umgangatho kwimeko yasekuhlaleni.
  • [[Ukwahlula:0] Isigqibo: [ Wena kunye nomnye ongomnye urhoxileyo kwigumbi labucala ukuxubusha ngetyala uze ufikelele isigqibo.
  • Isigwebo: Ijaji ivakalisa isigqibo sayo kwinkundla evulekileyo.

Ucwangciso lokuchophela lumiselwe ngumgwebi. Ityala elininzi liqala malunga no 9 kusasa ukuya ku 5 ebusuku, ngekhefu lasekuseni, ukwenzela isidlo sasemini, nasemva kwemini. Akuvumelekanga ukuba uqhube uphando lwakho, usebenzise umnxeba wakho okanye uxubushe ngetyala lakho nabani na ngexesha lekhefu.

Indlela Yokuzilungiselela Ukuchitha Inkonzo Enzima

Ukulungiselela okusebenzisekayo kungenza inkonzo yenkundla yabachopheli-tyala ibe ntle. Qala ngokufunda izicelo ngocoselelo kwaye ulandele yonke imiyalelo. Ukuba ufuna i-bearal, yicele ngokukhawuleza kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Ngosuku oya kulo ingxelo, yiza nento ezakuyifunda okanye uyenze ngexesha lokulinda. Iinkundla ezininzi zivumela iincwadi, amaphephandaba, okanye ukuquqela, kodwa hlola inkqubo yenkundla yakho yezombane. Nxiba kakuhle kodwa ngentlonelo; ishishini lifanelekile. Kuphephe ukunxiba impahla eneziqubuliso okanye imiyalezo enokubonakalisa ikhethe. Ukucwangcisa into yokunyamekela abantwana okanye inkathalo yemali ngexesha elizayo. Ukuba ukusebenza kunokubangela ubunzima obuphathekayo, ezinye iinkundla zinika ulwandoqokozo olunexabiso emva kweentsuku ezithile, kodwa azibalangakukhangeli njengokubuyiselwa kwengeniso yakho eqhelekileyo. [FLD:]

IiNtsomi eziQhelekileyo ziphikisana nenyaniso engo Jury Duty

Nazi ezinye zezona ntsomi ziqhelekileyo, kunye nezibakala:

  • Inyaniso: Xa ubizwa, inkonzo iyimfuneko ngaphandle kokuba uvunywa yinkundla. Ukungahoyi ukubizwa kungakhokelela kwintelekelelo okanye kwisohlwayo esisemthethweni.
  • Inyaniso ayihlawulwa. Inyaniso: Iinkundla ezininzi zihlawula umrhumo omncinane wemihla ngemihla, oqhelekileyo phakathi ko-R2, kunye ne-R3,50, kunye nemali ehlawulelwayo. Abasebenzi abafumana i-R2,50 ngemini. Abanye abaqeshi bayaqhubeka nomvuzo wakho ngexesha lenkonzo yabachopheli-tyala.
  • Inyaniso: Ukusebenza kwijaji yetyala yenye yezona ndlela zingqalileyo onokufak ’ isandla kuzo. Abaninzi ababesakuba ngabagwebi bayichaza njengemava anentsingiselo nemfundo.
  • Inyaniso: Imithetho yeFederal neyarhulumente ayivumeli abaqeshi ukuba baphindezele abaqeshwa kwinkonzo yabachopheli-tyala. Awunakugxothwa, usongelwe, okanye ukhutshwe kuba ukhonza kwiqumrhu labachopheli.
  • Inyaniso: Yonke inkqubo yokukhetha yenzelwe ukukhupha isalathisi esinekhethe. Ukuba ulutyhila ngokunyanisekileyo ucalucalulo lwakho, uzakuthetheleleka.
  • Inyaniso: Imithetho iyahluka ngokwemithetho. Iinkundla ezininzi ziyakukhulula kwiminyaka ukuya kwemithathu emva kokusebenza, kodwa ezinye zifuna ukuba ubekho kwakhona kamsinya ukuba igama lakho lizotyiwe.

Abathathi Nto Bazo

Abasebenzi Abaneziphene

Iinkundla kufuneka phantsi kwe-Merika enoMthetho wokuKhubazeka ukuze kunikwe indawo yokuhlala elungeleleneyo kwabachopheli abaneziphene. Oku kusenokuquka abatoliki bolwimi lwezandla, izixhobo zokuphulaphula, izixhobo zokushicilela ezandisiweyo, okanye amagumbi okulungiselela anokusetyenziswa ngesitulo esinamavili. Ukuba ufuna indawo yokuhlala, yazisa inkundla kwangoko, ngokufanelekileyo xa ufumana izicelo zakho.

Uxinezeleko Olubangelwa Kukuzimela

Ezinye iimvavanyo zibandakanya ubungqina obucacileyo okanye imicimbi echukumis ’ imbilini. Kumatyala anjalo, abasebenzi basezinkundleni basenokuxinezeleka okanye bade babandezeleke. Iinkundla ezininzi zinikela inkxaso yejaji, kuquka ukudibana nomcebisi okanye intlanganiso yokungahoywa emva kokuchotshelwa kwetyala. Musa ukumamnqa ukucela uncedo kumgwebi okanye kwabasebenzi basenkundleni ukuba uziva usongekile.

Isiphelo

Umsebenzi we Jury ungaphezulu kakhulu kunemfuneko yabaphathi-mikhosi; kuyindlela ebalulekileyo yokuthabatha inxaxheba kwebutho loluntu. Ukwazi amalungelo akho kukukhusela ekuphathweni ngokungekho sikweni, ngeli xesha uzalisekisa iimbopheleleko zakho kuqinisekisa ukuba inkqubo yomthetho isebenza ngokuthembeka nangokungakhethi. Ukusuka kwinkqubo yengozi ukuya kwisigqibo sokugqibela, inyathelo ngalinye lixhomekeke kwisigqibo sabemi abaqhelekileyo sokuphulaphula, ngabom, kwaye ligqibe. Ngokusebenza ngenkuthalo nangokungakhethi, ninceda ukulondolozwa kwentelekelelo yokuba ibutho libekelwe lityala libagwetyiswa yinkundla. [[FLT: 0] ulwazi olungakumbi, i-American Bar Association’s shorts kwinkonzo yejalamfathi yetyala kunye [FLT] ne-IIIzikomyunja] yesizwe yeNkunganiso yeNkunganiso [FLT:]]