Isiseko Sokuthabatha Inxaxheba Kwidemokhrasi

Yinkqubo yokuqala abemi abasebenzisa ngayo ulawulo lolawulo lolawulo-moya olumele abameli. Le nkqubo iguqula ukhetho lwabo lube zizigqibo ezidibeneyo malunga nolawulo, imigaqo, kunye nokhokelo. Ngoxa umgaqo ongundoqo uhlala ungaguquguquki "__ii-contizen" abameli bakhethe kwaye bagqibe kwimilinganiselo yokucholachola-ukungalingani-jiki kwemithetho. Ukuqonda ezi nkqubo kuyimfuneko kuye nabani na ofuna ukuthabatha inxaxheba ngokunentsingiselo nokuqhuba inkqubo ngentembelo.

Inkqubo yokuvota asisosiganeko esinye kodwa sisenzeko esilandelelanayo: ukubhalisa, ukulungiselela, ukulayisha ibhola, kunye nokuvala izithuba. Isigaba ngasinye sinemithetho yaso, imigca yamaxesha, kunye neemfuno. Ukwazi la manyathelo kunciphisa ukudideka, kuthintela ukungavumelani, kwaye kuqinisekisa ukuba umntu ngamnye ofanelekileyo angenza ilizwi lakhe liviwe.

Ucwangciso lobhaliso nololiwe

Phambi kokuba umntu avote, kufuneka abhaliswe. Ubhaliso yinkqubo yolawulo eqinisekisa ukuba kufanelekile kwaye ibeka umvoti kumqulu osemthethweni wolawulo lwabo. Kwimimandla emininzi yoorhulumente abazimeleyo, ukubhalisa kuphethwe ligunya lonyulo elisembindini. Elifana nebhodi yonyulo okanye ikomishini yesizwe yokuchola.

Imigca efileyo yokubhalisa iyahluka-hluka kakhulu. Amanye amazwe eUnited States avumela ukubhaliswa kosuku olunye, apho abavoti bangabhalisa baze bavote ngosuku olunye kwisikhululo sovolo. Ezinye iindawo zifuna ukubhaliswa iiveki phambi konyulo. Iindawo ezininzi ngoku zinika amazibuko okubhalisa nge-intanethi, nto leyo eye yanyusa ngokuphawulekayo isantya ngokunciphisa amaphepha-mvume kunye nokulungisa ixesha. Ngaphandle kwale ndlela, abavoti kufuneka baqinisekise ukuba babhalisile phambi konyulo, njengempazamo kwiiroli zemigca `ezingamagama apeyintswele okanye iidilesi ezingalunganga . //ican zibangela ukulibaziseka okanye zithintela ukuvolwa okanye ukuvolwa.

Xa bebhalisile, abavoti bafumana iipakethi zolwazi okanye iivoti ezifakelwayo ezichaza abathathi-nxaxheba, iiofisi, kunye namanyathelo okuvota abaza kudibana nawo. Ukufunda le nkcazelo kusengaphambili yenye yezona ndlela zisebenzayo zokuvota. Ivumela abavoti ukuba baphande iindawo zabo, baqonde ulwimi lweziqu zomdla, kwaye bagqibe indlela yokuvota phambi kokungena kwidokolwana.

Iindidi Zophawu

Izimfuneko zokwahlula ziphakathi kweenkalo eziphikiswana kakhulu kwinkqubo yokuvota. Imithetho ye Voter ye-ID ikhona ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo ehlabathini lonke. Kwamanye amazwe, i-ID yefoto ekhutshiweyo ngurhulumente inyanzelekile ukuphosa ibhola yokuvota. Amanye amazwe amkela ezinye iindlela zokuzichaza, njengeendleko zesixhobo, iingxelo zebhanki, okanye isayina ii-affidavits ukusuka kubavoti ababhalisiweyo abanokuqinisekisa ukuba ngubani.

Ingqiqo yale mithetho igxininise ekuthinteleni ukuqhatha kokuzimilisela nokuqinisekisa ukuba ngabavoti kuphela abafanelekileyo. Abahlalutyi baphikisa ngelithi iimfuno ze-ID ezingqongqo zingachaphazela ngokungenakulinganiswa inani elincinane, ingeniso ephantsi, amashumi amadala, kunye nabafundi, abasenokungabi nahlobo oluthile lokuzichaza olufunekayo. Abalawuli kufuneka bahlolisise iimfuno ezichanekileyo zolawulo phambi komhla wonyulo baze bafumane nawaphi na amaxwebhu okhetho afunekayo ukuba abasele bengenazo.

Kubantu abavoti abafumana ubunzima bokufumana uchazo, amagunya amaninzi onyulo anikela iinkqubo ze-ID yesisa okanye iinkonzo ezihambayo ezizisa i-ID yokwandiswa koluntu. Amaqela e-Nonpartisan akhuthaza ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zolawulo akwanikela uncedo ngokuhamba ngezi mfuneko, ngokufuthi ngezixhobo ezishushu nangenkxaso yonyulo kwiindawo zokuvota.

Uhambo Oluhamba Ngenyathelo

Ukuqonda oko kwenzekayo ukususela ngexesha umvoti afika ngalo kwisikhululo sokuvota ngethuba ivoti yabo ibalwayo ingasusa ixhala kwaye yakhe ukuthemba kwinkqubo. Le nkqubo yenziwa ngomlinganiselo omninzi weengqikelelo kunye nolungelelwaniso ukukhusela ukufihla ivoti kunye nokuthembeka kobalo.

Phambi Kosuku Lokhetho

Amalungiselelo aqala phambi kokuba umvoti aphume ekhaya. Abavoti kufuneka baqinisekise indawo yabo yokuvota emiselweyo, esenokuba itshintshile ngenxa yokuvuselelwa kwemimandla okanye ukuqiniswa kweqonga. Amazwe amaninzi anika izixhobo ze-intanethi apho abavoti bangena khona kwidilesi yabo baze bafumane indawo yabo yokuvota echanileyo, ibhola encinane, kunye neeyure zokusebenza. Ukwazi ezi zinto kuthintela ukuchitha uhambo kwaye kunciphisa amathuba okujika.

Abavoti kufuneka baqwalasele ukuba zeziphi iindlela zokwahlula ezifunekayo kwaye bazizise kunye nawo nawuphi na uxwebhu olufanelekileyo, njengekhadi lobhaliso ukuba omnye ukhutshwe. Ukuba umvoti uceba ukusebenzisa uvoti kwangethuba okanye uvotelo olungekhoyo, kufuneka baqonde ixesha elimisiweyo lokucela nokubuyisa ibhola. Iibhola zeposi, ingakumbi, zisoloko zinemitya yokutyikitya-magama okuqinisekisa kwaye kufuneka zibhalwe ngoonobumba okanye zifumaneke ngemihla ethile yokubala.

Kwisikhululo Sokungcolisa

Ngosuku lonyulo, isitishi sokhetho sisebenza phantsi kwemigaqo elungelelanisiweyo elungiselelwe ukuqinisekisa ucwangco, ubuqu, kunye nokhuseleko. Ekufikeni, umvoti uhlola abasebenzi bonyulo, abaqinisekisa ukuba umbhali uchasene noncwadi lobhaliso. Kwezinye iindawo, oku kubandakanya utyikityo apho umvoti atyikitya incwadi yelog kunye namagosa onyulwayo athelekisa loo tyikityo kulowo ukwifayile ekubhalisweni. Ezinye iindawo zisebenzisa iincwadi zokhetho lwekhompyutha ezivavanya ilayisense okanye ikhowudi yephepha lombhali.

Emva kokukhangela- ngaphakathi, umvoti ufumana ibhola yokuvota. Iibhola zeza kwiifomati ezininzi: iibhola zophawulo-zincwadi zephepha eziphawulwe ngesandla, iibhola zomlozi zamaphepha ezigcwaliswe ngokusebenzisa umatshini, okanye imatshini ebotshelelwa ngqo ye- elektroniki (DRE) apho ivota ingena ngqo kwiqela lezixhobo zekhompyutha. Intsingiselo yomhlaba wonke ikwiphepha lomatshini okanye iinkqubo zephepha ezisebenzayo, ngenxa yokuba zinika ingxelo ephathekayo enokuphinda ibhalwe ngaphandle kwesixhobo sombane.

Umvoti uqhubekela kwidokodo yovoto yabucala. Ukufihla ibhola kunelungelo elisisiseko kwinkoliso yedemokrasi, ukukhusela abavoti kwisinyanzelo okanye kwimpindezelo. Abavoti baphawula ukhetho lwabo ngokwemiyalelo enikiweyo /ukuzala kwamaqampu, izalathisi, okanye amaqhosha okucinezela axhomekeke kwinkqubo. Ukuba umvoti wenza impazamo, bangacela ibhola entsha kumvoti. Ibhola ezibotshelelweyo ziqokelelwe ze ziqinisekiswe ngokwahlukileyo ukuba akukho voti ibalwa kabini okanye ilahlekile.

Xa ivoti igqityiwe, umvoti ufaka kwibhokisi yebhola etywiniweyo okanye uyinike kwisixhobo sokukhangela esibhala ivoti ngekhompyutha ngexesha igcina iphepha ibholaot njengenkxaso. Kwisixokelelwano se DRE ngaphandle komzila wamaphepha, amavoti agcinwa ngokupheleleyo kwinkumbulo yomatshini, nangona ezi nkqubo zinqabile ngokunqabileyo ngenxa yokhuseleko.

Emva Kokuthanda Ukutya

Abavoti abaninzi bayazibuza ukuba kwenzeka ntoni phakathi kokufaka ivoti yabo kunye nesaziso seziphumo. Emva kokuba bevalile, amagosa onyulo alandela itsheyina elingqongqo lokugcina inzala yokukhusela ibhola kunye neziphumo ze tabulate. Iibhokisi zebhola zivalelwe phantsi kojongo lwendawo esembindini. Kwezinye iindawo, iibhola zocandatho zemali eziphoswa ngabavoti abangenakukwazi ukuqinisekiswa ngoko nangoko.

Ulungiso lwendlela lunokwenzeka kumgangatho webala okanye kwindawo esembindini. Iphepha lihlolwa lize libhalwe phezulu, ngoxa oomatshini be-elektroniki bevelisa iziphumo. Ezi zingqinelaniso zithelekiswa nenani labavoti abahlola ukuvota, inkqubo ebizwa ngokuba luxolelwaniso. Nayiphi na ingxubusho ebangela uphando kwaye, ukuba kuyimfuneko, isalathisi. Iziphumo zingqinelana iintsuku okanye iiveki emva konyulo, emva kokuba zonke iibhola zonyulo zihlaziyiwe, iibhola zomkhosi zaphesheya ziye zafunyanwa, kwaye naziphi na iingxaki ziye zasombululwa.

Iinkqubo zolu lwimi zichazwa

Inkqubo yokuvota esetyenziswa kunyulo imisela indlela amavoti aguqulelwa ngayo kwizihlalo okanye amisele umnqolobi wohlanga. Iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zivelisa iziphumo ezahlukeneyo naxa abavoti benokhetho olufanayo, kungenxa yokokuba ukhetho lwenkqubo lungumbandela wengxoxo enzulu noyilo olucokisekileyo.

Isiphelo- Sokuqala

Eyokuqala-phambili-umbhalo (FPTP), owaziwa ngokuba yi-flift, yinkqubo elula. Umba wesicelo ofumana ivoti eninzi uphumelele, kungakhathaliseki ukuba bakhuseleke kangakanani na. Le nkqubo isetyenziswa eUnited States, iUnited Kingdom, Canada, nase Indiya, phakathi kwamanye amazwe. FPP ithanda ukuvelisa icandelo elinye elizinzileyo lovota kodwa ishiye ipesenti enkulu yevoti ngaphandle kokufumana imvume ukuba isivotisi sabo abasithandi na. Abagxeki bathi ikhuthaza ukuvota okuncinane / apho uvota abakhetha khona umvotisi ophambili omncinane ngenxa yokuba bacinga ukuba ukhetho lwabo lokuqala lungakhange luphumelele.

Umelo olufuna inkcazelo

Iinkqubo zePropotioneal memodeli (PR) zijolise ukwabela izihlalo kwindlu yowiso-mthetho ngokuhambelana namavoti afunyanwa liqela ngalinye. Kwinkqubo ecocekileyo yePR, ukuba iqela liphumelele 30 ekhulwini levoti, bafumana malunga nama-30 ekhulwini eezihlalo. I-PR iqhelekile kwiidemokhrasi ezininzi zaseYurophu, kuquka i-Jamani, iSweden, ne-Netherlands. Abaxhasi baphikisa ukuba i-PR ivelisa iindlu zowiso-mthetho ezibonisa ngokuchane ngakumbi unyulo kwaye inika amaqela amancinci ilizwi. Abagxeki baphawula ukuba iPR ingakhokelela kurhulumente ababhiyo abanezibambi-mikhosi abangazinzi abangazinzi okanye abacothanga ukwenza. Indlela exhaphaneyo yePR yinkqubo yeqela loluhlu loluhlu loluhlu, apho abavotitshala abahleli belunyuselwa khona.

Ukujija okuzinzileyo

Uvoto oluvotelwe ngokutsha-phambili (RCV), olubizwa ngokuba luvotelwa ngokukhawulezileyo. Olu khetho luvumela abavoti ukuba baphinde bafake izigxina zabo ngokuthanda. Ukuba akukho mvoti ufumana uninzi lwevoti yokuqala-reference, umvoti onevoti yokuqala embalwa ekhoyo iyasuswa, kwaye ezo zivoti zithunyelwa kubavoti abalandelayo abavoti. Le nkqubo iphinda de omnye umvoti ufikelele kumgangatho omkhulu. RCV isetyenziswa kukhetho lwesizwe e-Australia nakwiqela le-U.S. izixeko kunye neendawo ezininzi, kuquka uMainee ne-Alaska. Abaxhasi bathi iRCV iphelisa iziphumo eziphangala, inciphisa iphulo elibi, kwaye iqinisekisa ukuba umnqonikazi uxhase i-RC uyakwazi ukuphisa i-boloza kwaye ufuna ukudiza i-tab.

Iinkqubo ze-electoral ezixutyiweyo

Isixokelelwano esidityanisiweyo sidibanisa amalungu e FPTP ne PR ukuphatha iinzuzo zombini. Kwindlela edityanisiweyo ye-modeli (MMP), abavoti baphosa iibhola ezimbini: enye yommeli wesithili (Ngokuqhelekileyo i-FPTPP) kunye nenye yoluhlu lweqela. Iinqanawa zolwahlulelo zinikwa kuqala kwabaphumelele kwisithili, emva koko izihlalo ezongezelelekileyo zabelwe ukusuka kwiqela ukuqinisekisa ukuba ukwenziwa kwendlu yowiso-mthetho kubonakalisa isabelo sovoti yesizwe. I-MMP isetyenziswa eJamani, eNew Zealand, nase Scotland. Iinkqubo ezixutyiweyo zingabalwaniswa ukuba zinikeze umlinganiselo phakathi komelo lwasekuhlaleni kunye neziphumo zolungelelaniso.

Ukubonakala kwamalungelo

Ilungelo lokuvota alikho zwenibanzi. Idemokhrasi nganye imisela imida kuba ngubani onokuba nenxaxheba, ngokusekelwe kwimigaqo elungiselelwe ukuqinisekisa ukuba abavoti banento esemthethweni kwisiphumo kunye nobuchule bokwenza ukhetho olunolwazi.

Ngubani Onokukwazi Ukuzibamba?

Zimfuno eziqhelekileyo zokunganyuki kwelizwe, ubumi, kunye nendawo yokuhlala. Phantse onke amazwe amisela iminyaka encinci yokuvota ekwiminyaka eli-18, nangona embalwa, njengeBrazil ne-Austria, evumela ukuvota ngeminyaka eli-16 kunyulo oluthile. Ngabemi belizwe kuphela abanokuvota kunyulo lwalo lwesizwe, nangona eminye imigaqo ivumela abangengobemi abahlala apho ukuba bavote kunyulo lwengi okanye kumasipala. Iimfuno zomvotezo ziqinisekisa ukuba abavoti bafaka izithuba kummandla abahlala kuwo nabachaphazelelwa yiziphumo. Amanye amazwe abeka imiqathango eyongezelekayo yokugwetywa kwetyala ngokokuvota, umzekelo, okanye afuna ukuba abavoti-voticelwayo i-octive exesheni ngexesha elincinane ngaphambi kokuba unyulo lonyulo.

Abasebenzi abafudusa iindawo zokuhlala kufutshane nonyulo bangajamelana nobunzima. Imithetho esemthethweni, evumela abavoti ukuba bahlaziye ukubhaliswa kwabo nokuvota kwindawo yabo entsha ngomhla wonyulo, iyahluka ngokwasemthethweni. Abafundi baseKoleji, abasebenzi basemkhosini, nabantu abasebenza kwamanye amazwe bajongene neengxaki ezithile kwaye bafanele bacebe kusengaphambili ukusebenzisa oovimba abalungiselelwe ngabasemagunyeni bonyulo.

Isalathisi somsebenzi wePhondo

Abami banelungelo lokuvota bekhululekile ekuboyisweni, ekunyanzelweni, okanye ekuthintelweni. Oku kuquka ilungelo lokuphosa ibhola ngaphandle kokukhathazwa ngabachola-nxaxheba kufutshane nezitishi zokuvota ezithe gqi, nelungelo lokuvota ngaphandle kolwazi, nelungelo lokufumana uncedo ukuba luyafuneka. Kwakhona abasebenzi banelungelo lokucela i-odoli ukuba ukuvumisa kwabo kuthandatyuzwa kuvavanywa kunyulo. Abaquququzeli-zigqesi ababalwanga ngobusuku bokunyulwa kodwa bayaphinda bahlolwa okanye bamke emva kokuba amagosa eqinisekise ulwazi lovoti.

Amazwe amaninzi anemithetho ethintela ukoyikwa kovoti nokunika uncedo olusemthethweni kubavoti abanamava. Abasebenzi be-Hotline abakhuselwa yimibutho yokhuseleko banikela uncedo lokwenene lwexesha lonyulo. Abasebenzi abadibana neengxaki kuvoti-zi-"ezifana nokupheliswa ngokuphosakeleyo, ukucelwa ukuba bafumane igama elingafunwanga, okanye ukuhlaselwa `ukucela ukuthetha nomphathi, ukubiza umvoti wokhuseleko, okanye ukuqhagamshelana namagosa onyulo.

Ufikelelo kunye neZindlwana

Imikhosi yezonyuso imele iqinisekise ukuba ukuvota kuyafikeleleka kubo bonke abemi abafanelekileyo, kuquka abo banemiqobo, iilwimi, okanye ezinye iimfuno. Amagosa okhetho kufuneka anikwe umthetho kumazwe amaninzi ukubonelela iindawo zokuhlala ezifanelekileyo: izitishi zokuhlola ezinokufumaneka kwisitulo sabakhubazekileyo, abavoteli okanye uncedo lokuvota ngokuchubekileyo kubavoti abangakwaziyo ukuvota, abatoliki bolwimi lwezandla, kunye nezinto zokuvota ngeelwimi ezininzi.

Abavoti abaneziphene kufuneka baqhagamshelane neofisi yabo yonyulo yasekuhlaleni phambi kosuku lonyulo ukuze baqonde iindawo zokuhlala ezikhoyo baze bacele naluphi na uncedo olongezelelekileyo olufunekayo. Uvotelo, apho umvoti ahlala kwinqwelo-mafutha yabo nomnyuli uzisa ibhola yokuvota kubo, lukhetho kwimimandla emininzi. Amalungu entsapho okanye abakhathaleli banganikela uncedo, phantsi kwemithetho ethintela impembelelo engafanelekanga. Injongo kukuqinisekisa ukuba umvoti wonke ofanelekileyo angaphosa ibhoti ngaphandle nangasese, kungakhathaliseki ukuba ubuchule bomzimba okanye bobuchule bobucukusebenza.

Iindlela Zokusasaza Ezikhethekileyo

Ulawulo-melo oluninzi luye lwandisa iindlela zokuvota ukuze kuhlaliswe abantu abakude namakhaya, abasebenza iiyure ezininzi, abagulayo okanye abakhubazekileyo, okanye abakhetha nje ukuvota ngaphambi kwexesha okanye ekhaya.

Ukuyongeza Kwasekuqaleni

Ukuvota kwasekuqaleni kuvumela abavoti ukuba bafake amavoti abo kumntu ngamnye kwiindawo ezimiselwe phambi konyulo. Ixesha lokuvota kwangethuba lisuka komnye ukuya kwiiveki eziliqela ngaphambi konyulo. Oku kunciphisa uxinzelelo kwizitishi zonyulo, imigca emifutshane, kwaye kunika abavoti ubuchule. Uvotelo lwangaphambili lusetyenziswa ngokubanzi eUnited States, namanye amaphondo axela ukuba ngaphezulu kwesiqingatha sabo bonke oombaleki bayaphoswa ngaphambi kosuku lonyulo.

Ukuthunyelwa kweposi kunye nokukhutshwa kweposi

Uvota lwe-abree uvumela abavoti abangakwazi ukuvota abanokukwenza kwimivotelo, ngenxa yokuba bangaphandle kwelizwe, kumkhosi, esibhedlele, okanye kungenjalo bengakwazi ukucela i-colot ngeposi, bayigqibe nge-enzame zabo, kwaye bayibuyise ngeposi okanye ngebhokisi. Amanye amagunya aye afudukela kuvotelo lweposi jikelele, apho bonke abavoti ababhalisweyo bamkela ibhola ngokuzenzekela ngeposi ngesizathu. Le ndlela yayisetyenziswa kakhulu ngexesha le-CHOVAID-19 kabhubhani kwaye iyaqhubeka kumazwe afana noColoradow, Oregon, no-Washington.

Uvota kufuneka ucoco locoselelo olululo kwimiyalelo. Iibhola kufuneka zityikitywe, rhoqo ngesiqinisekiso okanye imfuneko yokubhalisa, kwaye zibuyiselwe ngexesha elingqongqo. Uqinisekiso lotyikityo lusetyenziselwa ukuqinisekisa ukuba umniniyo ungubani; ukuba utyikityo aluhambelani nomntu okwifayile, umvoti udityaniswa ngokuqhelekileyo kwaye uvunyelwe ukuba "kuqinisekise" ukungahambelani kwazo phambi kokuba ibholati ikhasekwe. Iincwadi kufuneka zilandele iposi yazo ebhatyiweyo ngokusebenzisa izixhobo ezinikezelwe ngabasemagunyeni bonyuli ukuqinisekisa ukuba iyamkeleka kwaye iyamkelwa.

Ubalo olukude nolukwi-intanethi

Ngeli xesha i-intanethi ikho kwi-intanethi yokuvota kwiindawo ezimbalwa , e-Estonia ephawulekayo, apho abemi baye bakwazi ukuvota nge-Internet ukususela ngo-2005, kusoloko kunqabile ngenxa yokhuseleko olubalulekileyo kunye neengxaki zobumfiliba. Ukuvota okusekelwe kwi-Internet kuzisa iingozi zokuqhekeza, ukusetyenziswa kwe-athom, ukuvota, kunye nokukhanyela ukuhlasela okunzima ukuhlisa isikali. Iingcali zokhuseleko ezininzi zonyulo zincomela ukuvota ngoku kwaye endaweni yoko zikhuthaza ukuveliswa kokhuseleko, iinkqubo zephepha eziphicothayo. Ababhexeshi abanomdla ekuphuhliseni inkqubela ye-intanethi kufuneka babonise iingxube neenkqubo zolawulo ezisemthethweni kunye nomqhubi wekhompyutha kwigunya labo, kodwa abamele balindele ukuba babe ngumgangatho wokukhetha kwikamva elikufuphi.

Ukuqinisekisa Ingqibelelo Yokhetho

Ingqibelelo yokhetho ixhomekeke ekuboneni, ekuphicothweni, nasekuthembekeni kwabantu. Isigaba ngasinye sokhetho siphantsi kwemithetho kunye nolwalathiso olulungiselelwe ukufumanisa nokuthintela ubuqhetseba, iimpazamo, kunye nokuphazamisana.

Ukhuseleko Lomdlalo Netyala Lokugcina Ityala

Ukusukela kwixesha elishicilelwayo izivotezi ukuya kwixesha ezibalwa ngalo, zigcinwa ngetsheyina lokugcina intolongo eligcinwe ngamagosa onyulo. Ibhola zigcinwa kwizikhongozeli ezivaliweyo, zithuthwe phantsi kojongo, kwaye zibalwe phambi kwabameli abavela kumaqela ezobupolitika nababengajongi kwicala labaphathi. Nakuphi na ukuqhekezwa kwetsheyina lokugcina intolongo (ngokufana nesikhongozeli esingavalwanga okanye ukuthunyelwa okungafakwanga maphepha /ukuxhobisa ukuphengulula kwaye kungachaphazela nokuba ngaba babhalwa na oobharbalo.

Kumazwe asebenzisa oomatshini bokuvota be-elektroniki, imilinganiselo yokhuseleko iquka ukuqiqa kwangaphambi kokhetho kunye nokuvavanya ngokuchanekileyo, amatywina abonakala ngokuphandle, kunye nophicotho-zincwadi lwasemva kokhetho oluthelekisa amanani ematshini neerekhodi zephepha. Iinkqubo zokuvota zivavanywa ngezixhobo zokuvota ezizimeleyo ngaphambi kokuba zivunywe ukuba zisetyenziswe. Amagosa okhetho agcina ii-log zonke ze-software kunye neenguquko ze-hardware ukuqinisekisa ukuba inkqubo ayitshintshwanga ngobubi.

IMicimbi yeNkcubeko

Uphicotho-zincwadi lokhetho lwasemva kuqinisekisa ukuba iziphumo ezixeliweyo ziyangqinelana nevoti yokwenene. Kwimida yophicotho-zincwadi yomngcipheko, umlinganiselo obalulekileyo wezonothi ubhaliwe ngesandla kwaye uthelekiswa nomlinganiselo womatshini. Ukuba umahluko ufunyenwe, ulwandiso lophicotho-zincwadi de amagosa abe nentembelo ephezulu kwiziphumo. Umlinganiselo wobungozi uthathwa njengomgangatho wegolide wokugcina ingqibelelo yonyulo kwaye wamkelwa ngokuqhubekayo ngaphaya kwe-United States nakwezinye idemocracy.

Ingxinano zisuka ngokuzenzekelayo kwimijaho esondeleyo okanye zingacelwa ngumvoti okanye iqela labavoti abahlawula umrhumo. Ingxelo ibandakanya inqaku elipheleleyo okanye icandelo lomatshini elikwindawo yebhola encinane kwaye ingasiguqula isiphumo santlandlolo xa kufunyaniswe iimpazamo. Ngexa kunqabile ukutshintsha isiphumo sonyulo, zinika ukhangelo olubalulekileyo kucoselelo lwenkqubo yokubophelela nokuqinisa ukuthemba kwabantu.

Indima Yababukeli Nababukeli Bezinto Ezingcolisayo

Uhlolo lokhetho luyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yokubonisa. Abaqwalaseli bezindlu kunye nezizwe bajolise izitishi zokuvota, amaziko okubala, nee-ofisi zonyulo ukuze bahlole enoba iinkqubo ziyalandelwa okanye zithintelwe ngokwehambo engafanelekanga. Ababukeli bomonakalo, abamela amaqela onyulo okanye ezopolitiko, bavumelekile ngaphakathi kwizitishi zokuhlola inkqubo yokuvota nokuphakamisa amaxhala nonyulo abachongi ukuba banikela ubungqina obungaguquguqukiyo.

Ababukeli abaphazamisani nenkqubo yokuvota; babukela, baphawula, kwaye banikela ingxelo. Ubukho babo bodwa bukhuthaza ukuthobela imithetho yonyulo kunye neenkqubo. Abasebenzi abavakalelwa kukuba into ethile ayichananga kwisikhululo sabo sokuvota bangaxela inkxalabo yabo kubaboniseli, amagosa onyulo, okanye umvoti wokhuseleko olushushu. Udityaniso lobukho bomjongo, uphicotho, nokuphendula ngokusemthethweni kudala inkqubo ebangela ukuba, ngoxa ingafezeki, iqine ngokwaneleyo ukugcina ingqibelelo yedemokhrasi.

Imibuzo Eqhelekileyo Neembono Eziphosakeleyo

Ukungaqondani okuninzi ngenkqubo yokuvota kusasazekile kwaye kungakuphelisa ukuba nenxaxheba okanye ukuthembana. Umzekelo, abanye abavoti bakholelwa ukuba ukuba balutsibe ugqatso kwivoti yabo, ibhola yabo iphela ayisebenzi. Oku akukhange kube yinyaniso; amathontsi-/iibhunga apho umvoti engakhethiyo.

Enye ingcamango ephosakeleyo eqhelekileyo yeyokuba iziphumo zonyulo zithathwa njengegunya ngobusuku bonyulo. Enyanisweni, iziphumo zonyulo zisoloko ziqala. Isiqinisekiso esisemthethweni sithatha iintsuku okanye iiveki, sinika ixesha lokurhoxa kwebhola, iibhola zomgunyaziso, kunye nophicotho-zincwadi olungekhoyo ukuba lugqitywe. Isikhokelo esibonakala sikhulu ngobusuku bonyulo sinokuncipha okanye siphele njengoko iibhola zonyulo zidityanisiwe.

Abavoter bakwaxhalatyiswa ngokhuseleko lweposi engaphakathi. Ngelixesha kungekho nkqubo ikhululekileyo, ukuvota iposi inomyinge osezantsi kakhulu wobuqhetseba kumazwe apho ixhaswa kakuhle. Uqinisekiso lotyikityo, ukhanyo lwentambo yentsimbi, kunye novavanyo lwe barcodec inikeza ukhuseleko oluninzi. Abavote abakhetha ukuvota ngeposi kufuneka balandele imiyalelo baze babuyise iibhola zabo ngokukhawuleza njengoko kunokwenzeka ukuqinisekisa ukuba bafumana ixesha eligqityiweyo.

Ukuba nenxaxheba kwinkqubo yedemokhrasi akufuni ukuba ufunde yonke iinkcukacha zomthetho wonyulo. Kufuna ubuchule obusisiseko bokuqonda amanyathelo abandakanyekileyo, amalungelo neembopheleleko zabavoti, kunye neenkqubo ezenza inkqubo ithembeke. Ngokuqonda indlela uvotelo olusebenza ngayo, abemi bangalufikelela ngentembelo kwaye bafeze indima esebenzayo ekuxoliseni ikamva labantu abakummandla wabo nakumazwe abo.