Inkqubo yokuvota ligumbi lesiseko lolawulo-moya, iguqula ukhetho lwabantu lube lulawulo lweqela. Ukusuka kwisakhiwo sokuqala sephepha lokuvota ukuya kwisiqinisekiso sokugqibela seziphumo, iqonga ngalinye lakhiwe phezu kwemigangatho esemthethweni, iinkqubo zobugcisa, kunye neenkqubo zolawulo. Ukuqonda olu hambo kunika abemi amandla okulawula inkqubo ngentembelo, kuqonda ukuba zikho izinto ezinokukhusela ukunyulwa. Eli nqaku linikela uvavanyo olunenkcukacha, lwendlela yokuhlola zonke inkqubo yokuvota, ukuthatha amacandelo angundoqo oyile, ukubhalisa, ukuqesha, ukuqesha, ukubala, nokunika iposi ukuvota komgangatho wokhetho.

Uyilo Lwebhola: Isiseko Sohlaziyo Oluchanileyo

Inyathelo lokuqala elibalulekileyo kwinkqubo yokuvota yiyo ukuyilwa kwebhola yokuvota ngokwayo. I-colot elungiselelwe kakuhle inciphisa ukudideka kovoti, inciphisa iibhola zonyulo eziqhagiweyo, kwaye ichaphazela ngqo ucoselelo lweziphumo zonyulo. Iplani yebhola ngumhlaba okhethekileyo odibanisa uphando olunempumelelo, imilinganiselo yofikelelo, kunye nemfuno yokhuseleko. Amagosa okhetho asebenza nabayili bemifanekiso kunye noothunywa babantu ukwenza iibhola ezicacileyo, i-okiokiokia, kunye nemithetho esemthethweni.

Iintlobo Zebhola

Iindlela ezahlukeneyo zolawulo zisebenzisa iifomati ezahlukeneyo. Iindidi eziqhelekileyo ziquka:

  • Iphepha lephepha lephepha: Ivota ziphawula ukhetho lwazo ngqo kwiphepha, elithi livavanywe okanye libalwe ngesandla. Iphepha lomqulu linikezela ngomkhondo wophicotho-zincwadi ophinde waphicothwayo kwaye liyi-golide kukhuseleko.
  • [[NTL: 0] Iibhola zovavanyo olubhabhayo: Ivoters zizalisa amaqampu okanye zidibanisa izalathisi kwiphepha elifundwa kamva yi scancalner. Ezi nkqubo zidibanisa ubuchule bokwenza iphepha nesantya sokubala umatshini.
  • Oomatshini bombane (Oomatshini bombane) abaququzelelayo: Abavoti benza ukhetho kwikhusi lokuchukumisa, kwaye amavoti agcinwa nge-elector. Iinkqubo ezininzi ze DRE ngoku ziquka imikhondo yophicotho-zincwadi oluvotiweyo (VPAT) ukuvumela uhalo.
  • I-Internet okanye ukuvota okukude: isetyenziswa kwamanye amazwe ukwenzela abavoti okanye iinkqubo zomqhubi phesheya kwelizwe, inyusa inkxalabo ebalulekileyo yezobugcisa kwaye ayifane yamkelwe eUnited States ukwenzela unyulo lukawonke-wonke.

Imigaqo Engundoqo Yoyilo

Uyilo lwebhola esebenzayo lulandela imiqathango emiselwe ukusetyenziswa:

  • Unikezelo: Ballots kufuneka zihlalise abavoti abaneziphene, kuquka nabo banezinto ezithintelayo. Ushicilelo olukhulu, imidibaniso yesandi-izixhobo zokuphawula (umz., izixhobo zophawulo lwebhola) kunye nokuhambelana komfundi kwikhusi kuyafuneka phantsi kwemithetho efana noMthetho woncedo lwaseMelika Vote (VA).
  • Imiyalelo kufuneka ibelula, i-iifonti, kwaye amagama akwinani elifunekayo adweliswe ngokungaguqukiyo. Iqela elisezantsi elisezantsi (elifana nemiqulu edidayo okanye ushicilelo oluncinane) lungakhokelela kumaphepha angaphantsi okanye ngaphezulu.
  • [[Ukhuseleko: 0] Ukhuseleko: uyilo lokwenza luthintele uphando. Iphepha lisoloko liquka iimpawu zokhuseleko ezifana nophawu lwamanzi, iikhowudi zebhari eyodwa, okanye iiinki ezikhethekileyo. Ii-electromac bloottes zifuna ukuvulwa kombhalo ofihlakeleyo kunye nolawulo lokufikelela.
  • [[FLT: 0] Ukungaguquki: ubume obusezantsi ngaphesheya kweqonga lengingqi bunciphisa iimpazamo zovoti. Umzekelo, iqela lebloko yeofisi elifuna nge-ofisi, ngelixa ulungiso lweqela leqela lucwangciswe liqela lezobupolitika.

IKhomishini yoNkxaso loPhuhliso (EAC) yase-U.S. inikela imigaqo yenkqubo yokuvota yokuzithandela kunye nezenzo ezingcono zoyilo loyilo lovoti. Imikhosi efaka imali ekuvavanyeni umsebenzisi nakuyilo lokhetho isoloko inikela ingxelo ephantsi kwenani levoti elivotiweyo nolwaneliseko oluphezulu.

Iindlela zokuchaza: Iinketho Nezicebisi

Unyulo lwale mihla lunika iindlela ezininzi zokuvota ukuze kwandiswe ukuba nenxaxheba ngoxa kulondolozwa ukhuseleko.

Ukudlala ngemini yokhetho

Le ndlela yesithethe ihlala iqhelekile kwimimandla emininzi. Iivoter zihamba ukuya kwindawo yokuvota emiselweyo, ziqinisekisa ukuba zingubani, zifumana ibhola yokubophelela (iphepha okanye ikhompyutha), ziphawule ukhetho lwazo kwidolodonga labucala, zize zinikezele ivoti. Kuvota ibonelela ukuthotyelwa kwebhombu ekhawulezileyo kwaye inciphisa umngcipheko wokubuya emva kwexesha okanye ukunganyusi kakuhle. Noko ke, ingenza imigca emide, ifuna abasebenzi bokhetho olwaneleyo, kwaye ingadinisa ukurhoxiswa kwabo basebenzisa i-transteoctives okanye abacwangcisi.

Ukuyongeza Kwasekuqaleni

Ukuvota kwangoko kuvumela abemi ukuba baphose amavoti kumntu othile kwiindawo ezimiselwe phambi koSuku lokhetho. Oku kwandisa iwindow yokuvota, kunciphisa uxinzelelo ngosuku olunye nokunika ubulula. Amaxesha okuvota angaphambili asuka kwiintsuku ezimbalwa ukuya kwiiveki eziliqela. Imithetho yokhuseleko ibonisa abo bomhla wonyulo-mali, iincwadi zokhetho, kunye nogcino lwebhotile olukhuselekileyo lugcinwa ukutyhubela ixesha lovota. Uphando olusuka kwi Brennan Center lubonisa ukuba ukuvota okulula kwanda ngokulula, ingakumbi phakathi kweentsapho ezisebenzayo.

Ukuhambisa iposi (Indawo ethunyelwayo)

Kwiposi- ekuvoteni imvume yabavoti abafumana, abagqibekileyo, kunye nokubuyisela iibhola ngeposi okanye ngebhokisi yokulahla. Le ndlela ikhule ngokukhawuleza, ingakumbi emva kwesifo se-COVID-19. Le nkqubo ibandakanya isicelo (kumazwe athile, bonke abavoti abasebenzayo bathunyelwa ngokuzenzekelayo kwibholaot), kwaye bagqityelwe ekhaya, kwaye babuya ngeposi okanye balahle ibhokisi ekhuselekileyo. Uluvo lwale khowudi lunyathelo lokhuseleko olubalulekileyo, iziphumo zotyikityo oluthelekisa utyikityo kwimvulophu yebhola kutyikityo olukwifayile. Ilizwe elinjenge Colorado, i-Oredow, i-Oregon, kunye neWashington ziqhube unyulo lokhetho lweposi iminyaka emininzi, zibonisa ukhuseleko oluphezulu kunye nenani lokuthatha inxaxheba. Ingqungquthela yesizwe yemithetho ye-Stimes (NCSL) kwimithetho ye-vocation kwaye inikela ngoku ngoku ngoku ngoku ifomu ye-operatease.

Urhwebo olulungiselelweyo

Xa ukuvunywa kovoti kungenakuqinisekiswa ngoko nangoko, ngenxa yemiba yokubhaliswa, igama elingahambelaniyo, okanye ukulahleka kophawu olukhoyo, zivunyelwa ukuphosa ibhola yelothi. Lo matshini ugcinwa ngokwahlukileyo kwaye ubalwe kuphela emva kokuba amagosa eqinisekise ukuba imvume yomvoti akakho. Uvotelwa wecandelo uqinisekisa ukuba akarhoxi umvoti ofanelekileyo ngeli xesha egcina ingqibelelo yobalo lokugqibela. Ngo-20, izigidi zabavoti abasemthethweni zaphoswa kwilizwe lonke; ipesenti encinci ekugqibeleni yagatywa, ibalaseliswa, ukugxininisa ukubaluleka kobhaliso oluchanileyo.

Ukulungiselela Ukunika Imali: Ukusuka ekubhaliseni ukuya kuphanda

Ukuthabatha inxaxheba okunempumelelo kufuna ukulungiselela kusengaphambili. Amanyathelo ayahluka ngokwamandla kodwa ngokuqhelekileyo aquka ukuvota, ukuqwalasela iivoti ezincinane, nokuqonda iimfuno zokwahlula.

Ubhaliso lweVoter

Urhulumente ngamnye ngaphandle koMntla Dakota ufuna abemi ukuba babhalise phambi kokuvota. Ukubhalisa ixesha kusuka kusuku olunye (kwimimandla enjengeKhalifoniya neMinnesota) ukuya kwientsuku ezingama-30 ngaphambi konyulo. Ubhaliso lungagqitywa kwi-intanethi, ngeposi, okanye kumntu kwii-ofisi zezithuthi okanye kwamanye amasebe karhulumente, ngenxa yeNational Voter Evorigion (NVRA). IBipartarisan Policy Center icebisa ukuba ukubhaliswa okuzenzekelayo kwendlela yokuvota (AVR), ebhalisa abahlalisa abami xa besebenzisana namaziko karhulumente, iphumelele kwixabiso ebhanki nangokwenyani.

Ijelo-mali kufuneka liqinisekise ukuba linjani ixesha lokubhalisa ngaphambi kokuba lifike, ingakumbi ukuba lifudukile, litshintshile amagama, okanye alivoti kunyulo lwakutshanje. Amaphondo amaninzi anika imimandla ye-intanethi apho abemi banokukhangela indawo abanokuvota kuyo, balinganise ibhola yokubhalisa, kunye neenkcukacha zokubhalisa.

Uphando Neengxaki

Uvota olunolwazi lufuna ukuqonda imigangatho yee-ofisi, abatshati, kunye ne-collet. I-Nonpartisan isikhokelo, njengaleyo isuka kuManyano lwaManyano lwaMantokazi Voters, inika ulwazi oluyinjongo. Isampuli yebhola-/ifumaneka kwii-ofisi zonyulo zengingqi/imvume yokujolisa i-(ivumela abavoti ukuba babonise kwangaphambili kwaye balungiselele. Imiba ebalulekileyo yokuphanda iquka izikhundla zemali, imithombo yenkxaso-mali, kunye nempembelelo yemithetho ecetyisiweyo okanye ukupheliswa kwemithetho yesiseko. Izizwe zejajingalathi-mthetho kunye nemilinganiselo yasekuhlaleni isoloko ityeshelwa phantsi kweendawo zonyulo-ovoli-o ) iqwalaselwe kodwa ineziphumo ezibalulekileyo kuluntu.

Ukuqonda Izinto Ezisetyenziswayo

Izakhono zokukhetha kufuneka ziqinisekise indlela eziza kuyisebenzisa `in-person, kwangoko, okanye iposi) kwaye zifunde imithetho ethile. Kulo khetho, oku kuquka ukwazi indawo neeyure zendawo yokuvota, iindlela ezamkelekileyo zokwahlula (amanye amaphondo afuna i-ID yefoto, amanye amkela amaxwebhu angangeni maxwebhu), kunye naziphi na iindawo zokuhlala ezikhethekileyo kubantu abakhubazekileyo. Ukuvota, uvota, kufuneka uqonde indlela yokugqiba ibhola, ityikitya imvulophu, nokufumana isiphelo seposi. Imithetho yeposi yokwahlula iyahluka: eminye ithetha ukuba ibholaot izakufunyanwa nguSuku lo suku lokhetho, ngoxa abanye besamkela iiposi ezithengwa ngalo suku kwaye zamkelwe ngeentsuku ezimbalwa emva kweentsuku ezimbalwa.

Ukuphosa Ingxowa-mali: Umthetho Owenziweyo

Enoba uvota umntu okanye ngeposi, ukuvota ibhola kuyinkqubo ebhalwe ngononophelo eyenzelwe ukuqinisekisa ukuba uyimfihlo, uyachana yaye uyakhuseleka.

Amanyathelo okukhupha akwisibhaka-bhaka

  • CCK- ngaphakathi: Voter inikezela ngophawu (ukuba kufuneka) kumsebenzi wovotelwa. Umvoteli ufumana ivoti kwisiseko sobhaliso (ngokufuthi usebenzisa incwadi yovotelo ye-elektroniki) kwaye ikhupha ibhola yokuvota okanye ikhadi lokuvota.
  • [[FLT: 0] uphawu lophawu: i Voter iqhubekeka kwidolophana yangasese. Kwivota zephepha, umvoti usebenzisa ipeni ukugcwalisa isalathisi okanye uxhulumaniso lwezalathisi. Kwinkqubo ze DREE, iinketho zenziwa kwikhusi lokuchukumisa. Izixhobo ze Ballot (BMD) zinganceda ivota ngokuvaleka ngokunika isandi okanye ujongano lobuchule.
  • [[FLT: 0] Ukuthobela koomatshini abakhoyo: Imibala yephepha egqityiweyo ibekwa kwibhokisi evaliweyo yebhola ekhatywayo okanye ifakwe kwiskeni sokubona. Iivoti ze DRE zishicilelwe ngombane, kwaye oomatshini abaninzi bashicilela ingxelo yephepha ukuze baqinisekise. Ii Voter zikhuthazwa ukuba zihlole ukhetho lwabo phambi kokugqiba.
  • Exit: Umvoti ubuyisela isikhongozeli sebhola okanye ufumana isiqinisekiso sokuba ivoti iphoswe. Abasebenzi abavoti bangakhupha i “Iyadityaniswe", kodwa oku kungokomfuziselo.

Amanyathelo Okuthumela I-imeyili

  • Ilisithi ye- i-Ballot: ifumana ipakethe yebhola encinane kwiposi, iqulathe ibholaot, imvulophu yokufihla, imvulophu yokubuyisa ene-affidavit, kunye nemiyalelo.
  • Ugqibeko: Iphawulo lomvolothi ngasese, ulandela zonke imiyalelo ngocoselelo. Outvotes (ukhetha abaninzi kunomncono omnye) ukunciphisa ukhuphiswano; amavoti angenanto awabalelwa olo gqatso.
  • [[UMTL: 0] I-ecloast: Ibhola egqityiweyo ibekwe kwimvulophu yogcino (yaphula nawuphi na umntu ekuboneni ukhetho). Imvulophu ifakwa kwimvulophu yokubuya. Umvoti uphawula imvulophu yokubuya i affidavit; kwamanye amazwe, ubungqina okanye utyikityo lotyikityo lukwafuneka.
  • Buyela: [ Imvulophu ithunyelwe emva okanye ifakwe kwibhokisi yokulahla ekhuselekileyo phambi kommiselo wexesha. Abalawuli bangakhangela ubume be blott kwiizibuko zengingqi zikarhulumente ````'''''''''' laa latha irisithi ekhankanyiweyo kwaye ibalumkisa nangayiphi na imibandela (njengotyikityo olulahlekileyo).

Qhuba Inkqubela Yokubala: Ukusuka Kwibhola Ukuya Kujija

Xa ixesha lokuvota liphelile, amagosa onyulo aqalisa inkqubo engqongqo yokubala amavoti. Eli nyathelo lifuna imithetho engqongqo yokhuseleko ukukhusela ukuthembeka kobalo nokuvumela ukuba kubekho ubalo okanye uphicotho-zincwadi.

Ingqokelela Yebhola Netyala Lokugcinwa

Zonke iibhola zokulinganisa (-/nakanjani ziphoswe umntu, kwangoko, okanye ngeposi) zikhuselwe kwindawo ekuyo embindini wokubala. Iinkqubo zemvume zibhalwe kwinyathelo ngalinye, ngokufuthi ngemigaqo, ii-odoo, ii-awunti, kunye ne-bipartans. Iikhamera zokhuseleko zingajonga iindawo zokugcina. Kumazwe amaninzi, izigcini-zithinteli ze-elektroniki zigcinwa zitshixiwe, zivalwe xa zingasetyenziswa.

Uqinisekiso noqhubekeko

Ngaphambi kokuba kubalelwe amavoti, amagosa onyulo kufuneka aqinisekise ubunyani bawo:

  • Ufako lobungqina: Kuzo iibhola zeposi, abasebenzi abaqeqeshiweyo bathelekisa utyikityo kwimvulophu yokubuyisa kutyikityo lobhaliso lovoti okanye ingxelo ye DMV. Ii-mistyle zifunyanwe ukuze zinyangwe; abavoti bayadibana ukusombulula lo mba. Amanye amaphondo avumela utyikityo lwe khowudi ezenzekelayo kunye nolawulo lomntu.
  • uphinda-phindo lwe-Ballot: i-okisa okanye iibhola zophawulo ezingafanelekanga zingafuna ukutshintshwa liqela le-bipartan kwibhola ezicocekileyo ukuze zivumele uvavanyo. Oku kufuneka kwenziwe ngokucace gca. Oku kufuneka kwenziwe, ngokufuthi ngabajongi abakhoyo.
  • Imposiso yokuqhubekekisa: Ukususwa kweMvulo, ukucanda, nokukhetha iqonga. Kwamanye amazwe, iimvulophu ziyavulwa kwaye iibhola zisuswe iintsuku phambi koSuku lokhetho; nokuba, ukubala okukoqobo akunakuqala de kusondele unyulo.

Iindlela zokuhambisa

Ivote zibalwa ngokusebenzisa nayiphina ubalo lwesandla okanye izibambi ze-electronic. I-optical scanner yeyona ndlela yombane eqheleke kakhulu ````''''. Imatshini ye DRE ngokuzenzekelayo zivota ngaphakathi. Ubalo lwendlela zokulinganisa zonke kwindawo enye. Uqinisekiso locoselelo lwe tabligator lwenziwa kubuchule boqwalaselo lwangaphambili novavanyo oluchanekileyo, ngokunjalo nophicoselelo lwasemva koluhlu.

Iingxelo

Ukuba umda woloyiso mxinwa kakhulu (ngokufuthi ungaphantsi kwe 0.5% okanye inani elithile leevoti), ubalo oluzenzekelayo luqatshelwe. Iikhankanyo zingacela ukuba zibhalwe. Iincwadi zinokuba yincwadi (ubalo lwephepha lomqulu) okanye imatshini osekelwe (ukuphinda ungene kwimisongo). Ukufunda okuninzi malunga nemithetho ebhaliweyo, bhekisa kwiNgqungquthela yesizwe yeSizwe yoMgaqo-siseko (NCSL) yogcino-lwazi.

Iziphumo zoKhetho lwasemva: Imiphicotho, iziqinisekiso, kunye noNkingo

Emva kobalo lokuqala, uthotho lweenkqubo zasemva konyulo ziqinisekisa iziphumo kwaye zicombulule nakuphi na ukungangqinelani. Eliqonga liyimfuneko ekuthembeni uwonke wonke nasekugqibeni okusemthethweni.

Isalathisi somsebenzi

Uphicotho-manani olunemida yomngcipheko (RLAS) luya lusiba ngumgangatho wegolide wokuqinisekisa iziphumo zonyulo. IRLA ngokuzenzekelayo isampuli yenani elincinane leebhola kwaye ithelekisa iziphumo ezibaliweyo kwiziphumo zomatshini ezibhaliswe ngesandla. Ukuba ubalo lwesandla lufana nomlinganiselo womatshini okwimida yobalo, iziphumo zonyulo ziqinisekiswa ngentembelo ephezulu. Ukuba umahluko uvela, ukwandisa uphicotho-zincwadi ukuquka iibhola zomqadi. I-Colorado ne-Virginia i-Coloradom ne-RL As. IVertified Foundation inika ubuncwane obuhle kakhulu kwiindlela zokuphicola kunye nokubaluleka kwazo.

Ukuqinisekisa

Emva kokuba zonke iivoti zibaliwe, zibalwe, zicaciswe (ukuba ziyafumaneka), kwaye ziphindiwe, unyulo luqinisekiswe liqumrhu elimiselweyo (umz., ibhodi yengingqi yelaphu leseyile, unobhala wesizwe, okanye ikomishini yonyulo). Isiqinisekiso sivakalisa ngokusemthethweni abaphumelele ngokusemthethweni kunye neyokuvota iziqu ezipheleleyo. Le nkqubo isoloko iquka uhlolo lweebhola zomjelo, iibhola zaphesheya kolwandle, kunye neengxaki. Iimini zokubhalisa ezithenjiweyo zimiselwe ngumthetho, ngokuqhelekileyo iiveki eziliqela emva koSuku loNxulumaniso.

Ukucombulula Iingxaki Neengxabano

Iziphumo zonyulo zingacelw ’ umngeni ngeenkqubo ezisemthethweni. Iintlanganiso zingabekwa ngokusekelwe kwizityholo zobuqhetseba, impazamo yolawulo, okanye ukwaphulwa komthetho. Iinkundla zihlola ubungqina kwaye zinokuyalelana, ziphinde zihlole, okanye kwaneenkqubo ezintsha zokunyulwa kwiimeko ezigqithisileyo. Ingqibelelo yenkqubo yonyulo ixhomekeke kwisiseko esiqinileyo somthetho esilungelelanisa unyango olufikelelekayo kunye nolugqibelo. IBrennan Center yeJaji ipapashe uhlalutyo olubanzi kwisigqibo sempikiswano yokhetho.

Isiphelo

Uhambo lwevoti esuka kwisakhiwo sokhetho ukuya kwinkqubo yokubala enzima, ebekelwe izithuba ezininzi ezifuna ubuchule, ukubonakala, kunye nokuthenjwa kwabantu. Iqonga ngalinye (umqondiso, ukubhalisa, ukulayishwa, ukwenziwa kwemiqathango, kunye nophicotho-zincwadi) lukhusela ukuthanda konyulo. Ngokuqonda la manyathelo, abemi baba ngabathathi-nxaxheba abanolwazi oluninzi kwaye bangaxhasa ngcono inkqubela kwiinkqubo zabo zonyulo. Inkqubo yedemokhrasi iphila okanye ife kwintembelo yabantu abanayo kuyo, kwaye oko kuqalisa ngenkqubo yokuvota ecacileyo, efikelelekayo nekhuselekileyo.