ISicwangciso Sasemthethweni Samalungelo Okwabelana

Ukunika imvume kuyinto enzima yokuthabatha inxaxheba kwidemokhrasi, kodwa ukukwazi ukuphosa ibhola akuyonto nje yokubonisa inkqubo yovote. Umthetho ontsonkothileyo wemithetho karhulumente nekarhulumente, imithetho yenkundla, kunye nemimiselo yeziko kuchaza ukuba ngubani onokuvota, indlela abaya kubhalisa ngayo, kwaye ziziphi iindlela ezisetyenziswayo ukujula nokubala iibhola. Ukuqonda le nkqubo esemthethweni kubalulekile kuye nabani na ofuna ukujika indlela, phephe imiqobo eqhelekileyo, kwaye uqaphele xa amalungelo awo evavanywa. Ngoxa umgaqo ongundoqo uthetha ukuba ummi ngamnye ofanelekileyo kufuneka abe nethuba elilinganayo lokuvota, inyaniso engokwasemthethweni isoloko ilolongwewe ziingxoxo eziqhubekayo, ukhuseleko, ukhuseleko, kunye nomelo.

Esi sikhokelo siphula isiseko esingundoqo senkqubo yomthetho njengoko sinxulumene namalungelo okuvota, ukusuka kukhuseleko lwento ephawulayo ukuya kwimithetho yomgangatho karhulumente enokuthi ibangele ukwahluka okubalulekileyo kuxhomekeke kwindawo ohlala kuyo. Ngesiphelo, uza kuba nomfanekiso ocacileyo wamalungelo akho, imithetho ewakhuselayo, kunye namanyathelo asebenzayo onokuwathabatha ukuqinisekisa ukuba ilizwi lakho liyaviwa kunyulo ngalunye.

Imithetho engundoqo ekhusela amalungelo

Le mithetho imisela umgangatho wokungena kovotelwa, ithintela ukucalucalulwa nokumiswa kwemigaqo efanayo yokubhalisa. Ukuqonda injongo yomthetho ngamnye nomgangatho wayo kunceda abo bavoti bazi ukuba zingakhuseleka njani na kungakhathaliseki ukuba liliphi ilizwe labo.

ISivumelwano saMalungelo sowe-1965

Mhlawumbi owona mthetho wamalungelo okuvota olandela umphumo kwimbali yaseMelika, iVoting Rights Act (VRA) yadluliselwa ukuphelisa ucalucalulo lobuhlanga ekuvoteni. Icandelo 2 leVRA liyawuthintela nawuphi na uqheliso lokuvota oluphumela ekukhanyeni okanye ekungagunyazini ilungelo lokuvotelwa kwelungelo lokuvota ngenxa yohlanga, umbala, okanye ubulungu kwiqela elincinane lolwimi. Icandelo 5 ekuqaleni lalifuna amaphondo athile kunye neendawo ezinembali yocalucalulo olusemthethweni ukuze zifumane imvume karhulumente phambi kokuba zitshintshe imithetho yazo yokuvota. Inkundla ePhakamileyo ye-2013 eyaziwa njenge-PGOct:0. [FLT] i-Scounter v v. Baker[FLF1:] ngokunempumelelo icandelo 5 losasa, kodwa icandelo 2 lihlala liyinkqubo yesixhobo esicetyobisi esineldayo.

Abavoti kufuneka bazi ukuba iVRA isawukhusela umthetho we-ID wocalulo, ukuvota kuvala, kunye neeplani zokuhlaziya ezinciphisa amandla okuvota amancinane. ISebe leJaji liyaqhubeka linyanzela uMthetho ngokucaciswa. Iinkcukacha ezingakumbi, iCivil Rights’s Divisioning Icandelo leVoLT igcina ukhokelo kunye nenkqubo yokukhalaza.

UMthetho wamaLungelo ka-1964

Nangona zaziwa kakhulu ngokuvalwa kocalulo kwiindawo zokuhlala zikawonke wonke nasemsebenzini, uMgaqo-nkqubo wamaLungelo kaNoval uqulethe amalungiselelo abalulekileyo okuvota. Isihloko SoMthetho I sathetha ngeemfuno zobhaliso lobuvoti, sikwenza kube kokungekho mthethweni ukusebenzisa imilinganiselo eyahlukeneyo kwizibheno ezisekelwe kwibala okanye kwibala. Kwakhona kwakwalela ukusetyenziswa kweemvavanyo zokufunda nokubhala njengemfuneko yokuvota kunyulo lukarhulumente .

UMthetho woBhaliso weSizwe wowe-1993

I-NVRA ibizwa ngokuba yi-Mor Voter Act, iNational Voter Bribation Act (NVRA) yenziwe ukwenzela ukwenza ubhaliso lwevoti lube olufikelelekayo. Ifuna ukuba kubekho iimeko zokubhalisa kumasebe emoto, kwii-ofisi zoncedo lukawonke-wonke, nakumasebe enkonzo ekhubazekileyo. I-NVRA ikwanemiyalelo evumela ukubhaliswa kweposi nokugcinwa kwemigaqo esesikweni yokususa iiroli. Ngaphantsi kwe-NVRA, amazwe akanakususa iimvume zokubhalisa kuba babhalisile kuba nje behlulekile ukuvota abavoti-ziboli. IKhomishini yokhetho (ECC)[FLT] inika abalawuli abafanelekileyo be-NRAV.

UMthetho woNcedo waseMerika

Idluliswe ekuphenduleni kwingxelo yonyulo lomongameli wama- 2000, i-Help America Vote Act (SAVA) imisela imigaqo emitsha yenkqubo yokuvota kunye nolawulo lonyulo. Yadala iKhomishini ye-Evotion Application Commution, efunekayo ukuzalisekisa iimfuno zobhaliso lovoti-zincwadi, ukusekwa koomatshini bokuvota abanokufumaneka, kunye noomatshini bokuvota abanokufumaneka ngokusemthethweni kubantu abaneziphene. I-HAVA yanika nenkxaso-mali ukwenzela ukuba kunyuswe izixhobo zabo zokuvota. Ngoxa iphucula, iinkcukacha ezininzi zokhetho zisephantsi kolawulo lwezwelo, zikhokelele ekuqhubekeni kotshintsho.

Ezinye Iinkuselo Ezingundoqo

I-U.S. i-Universal Figation for the Eldern and Overseas Part Abrese Voing Act (UOCAVA) iqinisekisa ukuba abasebenzi bomkhosi nabemi abahlala phesheya bangayibhalisa kwaye bayivote kunyulo lwamazwe. UMthetho wokuBonisa Ufikelelo lwamaGolileyo kwi-Handicadell noluphendu ufuna iindawo zokuhlola ukuze zifikeleleke kubantu abakhubazekileyo. Yaye i-Voter Relibration Act iquka amalungiselelo okukhusela abavoti ekususweni ngokuqhathayo kwiiroli.

Umahluko womgangatho kaRhulumente ekunikeni imithetho

Ngelixesha umthetho wasekuhlaleni umisela izikhuseli ezisisiseko, i-United States isebenzisa inkqubo yonyulo elungelelanisiweyo apho urhulumente ngamnye (/a kwaye ngokufuthi iphondo ngalinye) yenza izigqibo ezininzi ezibukhali ngendlela oluqhutywa ngayo unyulo. Oku kuthetha ukuba amava akho okuvota angahluka ngokuphawulekayo kuxhomekeka kwindawo ohlala kuyo. Ukuqonda imithetho engqalileyo yeli lizwe lakho kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba ungavota ngaphandle kwemiqobo engayimfuneko.

Imithetho yeVoter

Enye yezona ndawo zibonakalayo luphawulo lomahluko. Amanye amatyala afuna i-ID yevoti, lo gama amanye emkela ububanzi boluhlu lwamaxwebhu njengezetek- eluncedo okanye iingxelo zebhanki. Amazwana ambalwa akanayo imfuneko ye-ID konke konke. Imithetho ye-ID engundoqo ingasusa abavoti abasweli bamaxwebhu afunekayo, ingakumbi abafumana abantu abaphezulu, nabafundi. Iqela elisezantsi lifanele liqinisekise iimfuno zikarhulumente zabo phambi koSuku Lokhetho. [[FLT: 0] Ingqungquthela yesizwe yemithetho yeLegislatures (NTSL)[FL:1] igcina itshati ephezulu- umhla wonke we- stati ye-ovti ye-octer.

Ukuqalisa Ukusebenza Nokungasamkeli

Amazwe akwahluka ekufumanekeni kwasekuqaleni kovota kunye nokungangeni mvume yokuvota. Amanye amazwe anika iifestile zokuvota zamandulo zeeveki eziliqela; amanye anika iintsuku ezimbalwa. Inani elandayo lamazwe liye lamkela uvotelo lweposi jikelele, ngelinye ixesha amanye afuna ingcebiso engqalileyo yokuvota. Ngokunyuka kovotelwa kweposi ngexesha lobhadane, amazwe amaninzi aye anyusa ukufikelela, kodwa amanye aqiniswa kwemiqathango kunye nenkqubo yokubuya.

Ukungavisisani Okungaqhelekanga

Iinkqubo zobulungisa zolwaphulo-mthetho zisebenzisana namalungelo okuvota ngendlela entsonkothileyo. Imithetho edibeneyo yokurhoxa kwemiqathango iyahluka-hluka: Amanye amaphondo abuyisela amalungelo okuvota ngokuzenzekelayo xa kugqitywa isigwebo; amanye afuna ukusetyenziswa okusesikweni; abantu abambalwa ngokusisigxina abaneenkolelo ezithile zokuvota. Malunga nezigidi ezi-4. AmaMelika amalunga nezigidi ezi-4,6 ngoku ahluliwe ngenxa yokugwetyelwa kwetyala, ngokutsho kwe- Brenan Center for Justice [. Ukuqonda imithetho yelizwe lakho kuyagxeka ukuba wena okanye omnye umntu omaziyo umele ukuba umele.

Ukufumaneka kwemali kunye nemiqathango exhaphakileyo

Ukufaneleka kokuvota kunyulo lwesizwe kuchazwa ngokubanzi ngumGaqo-siseko: kufuneka ube ngummi wase-U.S., ubuncinane ubuncinane uneminyaka eli-18 ubudala ngomhla woNnyulo okanye ngaphambi koSuku lokhetho, kunye nomntu ohlala kwilizwe apho uvota khona. Amazwe angamisela iimfuno ezongezelelekileyo njengamathuba amancinane okuvota kunye nemiqathango ekuvotelweni ngoxa uphantsi kokhuseleko okanye ubuthathaka bengqondo. Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba umthetho awufuni ukuba ube nempahla yakho, uhlawulele irhafuzo, okanye ube nomgangatho othile wengeniso, okanye uhlawule ingeniso, kwaye loo meko ipheliswe kudala.

Ukungqina Ukuba Uyinene

Xa ubhalisa, kuza kufuneka unikezele ulwazi lokwazisa njengenani lephepha-mvume lomqhubi okanye amasuntswana amane okugqibela enombolo yakho yoKhuseleko loluntu. Ukuba awunayo, ungafuna unikezelo lwekopi yemali yesixhobo esiluncedo okanye olunye uxwebhu lukarhulumente olubonisa igama lakho nedilesi. Kwamanye amazwe, ukungaphumeleli ukunikeza umqwalaseli osebenzayo kungenza ubhaliso olulibazisayo okanye olulahliweyo.

Imiqathango Esekelwe Kwinkcitho Yengqondo

Inani elincinane lamazwe limisela ukuvota kwabantu abathenjiswe ingqondo abangayiphumeleli inkundla. Umgangatho uyahluka, kodwa uninzi lwamazwe lufuna ukufumana okuthile okukhethekileyo kumgwebi. Kwanangoko, abantu abaninzi abaphantsi kolawulo bakulungele ukuvota ngaphandle kokuba inkundla ifumanise ukuba abanako ukuyiqonda indlela yokuvota. Abameli balucel ’ umngeni imiqathango yengubo njengesophulo samalungelo asisiseko.

Ucelomngeni Neenguqu Zakutshanje Ezingokwasemthethweni

Umjikelo womthetho wamalungelo okuvota awuze ume. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, iinkundla zikhuphe imithetho emikhulu yokuvota, ukuhlambulula, ukugqithisa ixesha lokuvota, negunya lezindlu zolawulo zikarhulumente lokumisela imithetho yonyulo. Lo mjikelo wama-2020 wonyulo wabona inani elingenako ukuthelekiswa nanto lamacala aqingqiweyo, iimfuno zokunikela ubungqina, kunye nokulahla iindawo zebhokisi. Ngo-201-2022222, ulawulo oluninzi ludlulise imithetho yokuvota, ezinye iinkqubo zonyuso ezithiweyo, ezinye iinkqubo ezithintiweyo. La madabi e-Rwithi e-Roglate ayaqhubekeka, kwaye iNkuNkundla ePhakamileyo iyaqhubeka ibumba amalungelo okuvota ngokweezwa kwiimeko ezifana Bnovich.[Docractic Commental Commentation [F1] [20]

Ivoter kufuneka zihlale zinolwazi ngenkqubela-phambili kwilizwe lazo, ingakumbi enxulumene nokuphinda ibala. Emva kokubalwa kwabantu, izithili nganye ziyatsalwa, ezinokuchaphazela umelo lwakho. Gerrymandering . Ukutsala imigca yesithili ukuze ithande iqela elinye okanye iqela (isemthethweni) ngokomlinganiselo othile ngaphandle kokuba ihlambisa amandla okuvota amancinane phantsi kwe VRA. Amazwe amaninzi amisele iikhomishini ezizimeleyo zokunciphisa irhafu.

Indlela Yokukhusela Amalungelo Akho Okuphana

Qinisekisa ubhaliso lwakho

Inyathelo lokuqala nelibalulekileyo kukuqinisekisa ubhaliso lwakho lomvoti kakuhle phambi kwayo nayiphi na imida yonyulo. Sebenzisa ubuncwane obufana .org okanye iwebhsayithi yonyulo esemthethweni karhulumente ukuvavanya ubume bakho, indawo yokukhangela, kunye neqela. Ukuba ufudukile, ulitshintshe igama lakho, okanye awuvoti ngeli lixa, kusenokuba usuke kwimisongo. Ngoku uninzi lwamazwe anika uphelo lobhaliso kwi Internet, olunokwenziwa ngokukhawuleza.

Zazi Iimfuno Zakho Ze - ID

Ungaze ucinge ukuba luluphi ulwahluleko oluza kulufuna. Khangela i-ID yovoti wakho yelizwe ubuncinane inyanga phambi koSuku lokhetho. Ukuba awunayo i-ID efunekayo, fumana indlela yokufumana enye. Amazwe amaninzi anika ikhadi le-ID yevoti ukuba unikela amaxwebhu athile. Ukuba uphethulwe ekuvotelweni, cela i-operal bloot(ak) ilungelo lakho lokuphosa enye ikhuselwe phantsi kwe- HAVA, kwaye amagosa onyulo kufuneka kamva agqibe ukuba ufanelekile.

Ceba Indlela Osebenzisa Ngayo Imisebenzi

Nokuba uvota umntu kungoko, nge-Ecostation Day, okanye ngeposi, uyayiqonda indlela yokucima nenkqubo. Ukuba uvota ngeposi, cela ivoti yakho kwangoko, yizalise, landela zonke iimfuno zotyikityo nobungqina, uze uyibuyise ngexesha elifanelekileyo. Ukuba uyayiyeka, yisebenzise kuphela imvume yokulahla iibhokisi. Amazwe amaninzi afuna iibhola zomthumeli zifunyanwe nguSuku Lokhetho, hayi nje ngokuthumela. Yenza ucwangciso ngoko ungaphoswa usuku olunzima.

Phendula iingxaki ngoko nangoko

Ukuba ufumana usoyikiso, ukuhlaselwa, okanye imiqobo engaqhelekanga kwindawo yokuvota, musa ukushiya ngaphandle kokufuna uncedo. Qhagamshelana noMgaqo-mkhosi woKhuselo ku 866-OUR-VoTE (866-687-8683) okanye wazise iofisi yonyulo yasekuhlaleni. Umthetho womanyano uyalwalela uloyiso lovotelo kwaye uyamnika izigwebo zasekuhlaleni nezaphuli-mthetho. Ungasikhalazo kwiSebe leJaji yeJaji [[FLT: 0]] Icandelo elikwindawo yonyulo yoonobumba-intanethi.

Imithombo yevota

Ukuhlala unolwazi yeyona ndlela ingcono yokukhusela ukuchaswa. Ngezantsi yimithombo ethembekileyo yolwazi oluchanileyo ngamalungelo okuvota nemithetho yonyulo:

  • IKhomishini yoNnyulo (FEC) – [ fec.gov - inikezela ngolwazi lobhaliso lovoti kunye ne-data yemali yeseko.
  • U.S.IKhomishini yoNkqululo (EAC) – eac.gov – iinkcukacha kwi HAVA, NVRA, imigangatho yematshini wokuvota, kunye nofikelelo.
  • [[FLT: 0] Imanyano yohlanga yonyulo lwamatyala karhulumente – ingaba i Vote?[ – isixhobo ukufumana unyulo lwendawo yakho nokuvavanya ubhaliso.
  • Inkululeko yengingqi yeAmerican (ACLU) – Ukuvota amalungelo – ulawulo olusemthethweni, kuquka izikhokelo zelizwe.
  • Brennan Center yeJaji – Ukuvota amalungelo & Ukhetho - uphando nohlalutyo kumthetho wonyulo kunye neenguqu.
  • [[UMTL: 0] I-League of Women Voters – Jote411.org- – ulwazi lokuvota oluqukelwe ngokobuqu kuquka iimfuno ze-ID kunye nezikhokelo zomvotelwa.

Isiphelo

Ukujija kungundoqo ekunene okukhuselweyo, kodwa kunyanzelwa, yinkqubo engokwasemthethweni eneenkcukacha. Njengomvoti, imbopheleleko yakho asikokuveza nje kuphela kodwa kukulungiselela. Ngokuqonda imithetho engundoqo karhulumente, ukwazi imithetho engqalileyo karhulumente wakho, nokuhlala uphaphele iinguqu ezingokwasemthethweni, ungakwazi ukusebenzisa ukukukhusela ngentembelo. Le nkqubo isebenza kakuhle xa wonke umntu ethatha inxaxheba / kwaye xa abathathi-nxaxheba bewazi amalungelo abo. Yenza icebo, hlola imithetho, kunye nevoti. Imicimbi yakho, kwaye umthetho ukhona ukuqinisekisa ukuba ikhona.