Table of Contents

Ukubhalisa kweVoter kusisiseko sedemokhrasi yaseMerika esenza abemi abafanelekileyo basebenzise ilungelo labo lomgaqo-siseko ukuvota kurhulumente, kurhulumente, nakukhetho lwasekuhlaleni. Imigaqo esemthethweni elawula ukuvota iye yatshintsha ngokuphawulekayo kumashumi eminyaka aliqela adluleyo, ibunjwe ngumthetho wesizwe, imithetho karhulumente, kunye neengxoxo eziqhubekayo mayelana nokuthembeka nokufikelela. Ukuqonda indlela le mithetho esebenza ngayo, indlela abakhusela ngayo, nendlela abaqinisekisa ngayo ukufikelela ngokufanelekileyo kwibhokisi le bhokisi levoti yebhoti kuyimfuneko kumntu ngamnye onqwenela ukuba nenxaxheba ngokupheleleyo kwinkqubo yedemokhrasi.

Inkqubo yokuvota yobhaliso eUnited States isebenza ngokusetyenziswa kwemithetho entsonkothileyo yemithetho karhulumente neyoburhulumente. Ngoxa amazwe enegunya elibalulekileyo kulawulo lonyulo phantsi komGaqo-siseko, imithetho yesebe imisela imilinganiselo esisiseko ukukhusela amalungelo okuvota nokukhusela ucalucalulo. Olu khokelo lunentsingiselo luhlola iziseko ezisemthethweni zobhaliso olusemthethweni, iimfuno zabemi kufuneka zihlangatyeze, ukhuseleko olunikwa ngumthetho, kunye nemeko yangoku yemithetho yokuvota mvume kulo lonke ilizwe.

Yintoni Ubhaliso Lwezinto Ezininzi Nesizathu Sokuba Lubalulekile?

Ubhaliso lobuvoti yinkqubo yolawulo apho abemi abafanelekileyo ngokusemthethweni bazibhalisela kwiiroli ezisemthethweni ezigcinwe ngurhulumente nakumagunya onyulo asekuhlaleni. Le nkqubo isebenza imisebenzi emininzi enzima kwinkqubo yonyulo: ingqina ukuba abantu bafikelela kwiimfuno ezifanelekileyo zokuvota, bagcina iingxelo ezichanileyo zokuba ngubani ofanele ukuphosa iibhola kumazwe athile akhethekileyo, kwaye inceda ukunqanda ukuqhatha ngoxa kuqinisekiswa ukuba abavoti abasemthethweni banokuwasebenzisa amalungelo abo.

Xa ubhalisile, ungavota kwisizwe, kwilizwe, nakukhetho lwasekuhlaleni. Le nkqubo yokubhalisa yenza ingxelo esemthethweni eqinisekisa ubunikazi bakho, ubume bobumi, ubudala, kunye nokuhlala kwakho kwisithili esithile sokuvota. Le nkcazelo ivumela amagosa onyulo ukuba akunike ibhoti echanekileyo yommandla wakho, equka urhulumente, urhulumente, namaqela eentlanga kunye namanyathelo okuvota asekuhlaleni.

Ubhaliso kufuneka lugqitywe phambi koSuku loNnyulo, nangona ixesha elichaziweyo litshintsha ngokorhulumente. Amanye amazwe afuna ukubhaliswa iintsuku ezingama-30 phambi konyulo, ngeli xesha amanye anika ubhaliso olufanayo oluvumela abemi abafanelekileyo ukuba babhalise kwaye bavote ngosuku olunye. Ukuqonda iimfuno zokubhaliswa kolawulo lwelizwe lakho kunye neentsuku ezimiselwe ixesha kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba ungaba nenxaxheba kunyulo oluzayo.

Ukubaluleka kokubhaliswa kovoti kudlulela ngaphaya kokuthabatha inxaxheba. Iiroli ezichanekileyo zinceda abasemagunyeni abavoti bacebe ngemithombo eyaneleyo kwiindawo zokuvota, bagqibe ukuba zingaphi izivote eziza kushicilelwa, kwaye baqinisekise ukuba iziphumo zonyulo zibonisa ukuthanda kwabavoti abafanelekileyo. Iinkqubo zobhaliso zikwadlala indima ebalulekileyo ekulondolozeni ukhuseleko ngokudala ingxelo engqinelayo yokuba ngubani ogunyazisiweyo ukuba avote kummandla ngamnye.

UMthetho woBhaliso weSizwe: Isiseko soMthetho woBhaliso waBahlali

Umthetho weSizwe weVoter Bribatorial Act ka 1993 (NVRA), owaziwa ngokuba nguMthendeleko we-Morter Voter, ngumthetho wesizwe waseUnited States owatyikitywa nguMongameli uBill Clinton ngomhla wama-20 Meyi 1993, owasebenza ngoJanuwari 1, 1995. Lo mthetho wesibonelelo waguqula ngokusisiseko ukubhaliswa komvoti eMerika ngokufuna ukuba amazwe anike iinkqubo zobhaliso olulula kunye nokwandisa amathuba okubhalisa.

Amalungiselelo angundoqo e-NVRA

Umthetho wamiselwa phantsi koMgaqo-siseko we-Eclaus eUnited States yaye uqhubela phambili amalungelo okuvota eUnited States ngokufuna ukuba oorhulumente banikele iinkqubo zokubhalisa ezilula zomvoti nawuphi na umntu ofanelekileyo osebenzisa okanye otshayelela imvume yokuqhuba okanye asebenzise imvume yoncedo lukawonke-wonke, kwaye ufuna ukuba iUnited States Postal Service iposela unyulo lwelizwe ngokungathi urhulumente akazuzi ngeniso.

I-NVRA imisele iindlela ezintathu eziphambili apho amazwe kufuneka anike uvoti amathuba okubhalisa:

Isiteketiso somthetho-mfono-mfono-mfono-mfono-mfono-mfono sithetha ukuba xa ufaka okanye uhlaziya iphepha-mvume lomqhubi, kufuneka unikezelwe ithuba lokubhalisa kwi-vvoti kwisebe lemoto yeRhulumente. Eli lungiselelo, elinika umthetho "Motor Voter" isiteketiso, lithetha ukuba xa ufaka okanye uhlaziya iphepha-mvume lomqhubi, kufuneka unikwe ithuba lokubhalisa ukuvota ngexesha elinye. Oku kubandakanya kweenkonzo kukwenze ubhaliso oluluncedo kwizigidi zamaMelika asebenzisana nee-ofisi ze-DMV rhoqo.

Ubhaliso lweposi: Icandelo 6 le-NVRA lifuna ukuba i-United States inike amathuba okuvota amathuba okubhalisa nge-imeyili-esicelo. Ama- States kufuneka amkele ubhaliso olusezantsi lwevoti yemali yesebe, kwaye isicelo seposi singaquki nayiphi na imfuneko yokubhaliswa okanye enye isiqinisekiso esisemthethweni. Eli lungiselelo liqinisekisa ukuba abemi bangabhalisa emakhaya ngaphandle kokufuna ukutyelela iiofisi zikarhulumente kumntu.

Inkxaso-Mpazamo kunye nee-ofisi zeeNkonzo zokuSebenza: ICandelo 7 loMthetho lifuna amazwe ukunikezela ngamathuba okuvota kwiiofisi zonke ezinika uncedo lukawonke-wonke nazo zonke iiofisi ezinika iinkqubo ezifakelweyo zikarhulumente eziqukiweyo ekunikezeleni abantu abaneziphene. Le mfuneko iqinisekisa ukuba abemi abanokujamelana nemiqobo ekufikeleni iindawo zobhaliso zesithethe banamathuba okubhalisa ngoxa befumana ezinye iinkonzo zikarhulumente.

Amazwe Akhutshwe Kwiimfuno Ze-NVRA

Asingazo zonke iimeko eziphantsi komphako woNVRA. UmThetho usebenza kumaphondo angama-44 kunye neSithili saseColumbia. Icandelo 4(b) loMthetho onikezelweyo ukuba amatyala ayekhululekile kuMthetho ukuba, njengakuAugust 1, 1994, ayengenayo imfuno zobhaliso lovoti okanye ayengenayo imfuneko yonyulo kwiindawo zokuvota. Amazwe amathandathu afanelekela ukukhulula kwisenzo: umNtla Dakota, ongafuni kubhaliswa, ngelixa uIdaho, uMinnesota, New Hampshire, Wisconsian noWoming ngenxa yomhekelelo lwe-EDR.

Ugcino loLuhlu lweVoter phantsi kweNVRA

Ngeli xesha i-NVRA yandisa ukubhalisa, kwakhona yamisa ukhuseleko olubalulekileyo logcino lweruvoti oluchanileyo. Lo Mthetho ufuna ukuba amazwe agcine uluhlu lobhaliso oluchanekileyo nolukhoyo, olufana nokwahlula abantu abangamkelekanga ngenxa yokufa okanye ukushenxiswa ngaphandle kolawulo.

Noko ke, umthetho uquka ukhuseleko olugxekayo ekususweni okungafanelekanga kwabavoti kuluhlu lokubhalisela. Ukususwa kwabavoti ngenxa yokungathathi-tyala okanye ngenxa yokufuduswa kungenziwa kuphela emva kokuzalisekisa iimfuno ezithile ezinikiweyo kuMthetho. Lo Mthetho uvumela ukususwa kwabavoti kuluhlu lokubhalisa xa begwetyelwe ulwaphulo-mthetho olungafanelekanga okanye ukugwetywa ukuba abangakwazi ukufikelela ezingqondweni, apho ukususwa okunjalo kuvunyelwa ngumthetho wesizwe.

I-NVRA ikwanikezela nge "ukhuseleko lokhuseleko lovota". Umzekelo, abavoti abahamba ngaphakathi kwesithili okanye kwiqonga bazakugcina ilungelo lokuvota nokuba abaphindanga babhalise kwidilesi yabo entsha. Oku kuqinisekisa ukuba imiba yolawulo ayithinteli abavoti abafanelekileyo ekufakeni amavoti.

Iimfuno ezingokwasemthethweni zokubhaliswa

Ukubhalisa ukuvota eUnited States, abantu ngabanye kufuneka bafikelele iimfuno ezithile ezisisiseko ezimiselwe ngumthetho worhulumente nowasekuhlaleni. Ngoxa iimfuno ezithile zinokuhluka ngokolawulo, imigaqo emininzi engundoqo isebenza kuwo onke amazwe.

Imfuneko yokuba ngummi

Ilungelo lokuvota kunyulo loManyano ligcinelwe kuphela abemi baseUnited States phantsi komthetho woMgaqo-siseko noweSizwe. Imimiselo yoManyano iyabanqabela ngokucacileyo abangengobemi abangobameli ekubhalisweni ukuba bavote okanye bavote kukhetho loManyano kwaye ibeke izigwebo zolwaphulo-mthetho ngenxa yokwaphulwa. Xa ubhalisa ukuba uvote, ufunga phantsi kwesohlwayo somGawula-mthetho we-U.

Icandelo 303(b) loMthetho woncedo waseMelika Vote ka-2002 (VAVA) likwafuna ukuba isicelo seposi yesizwe siquke iinkcukacha ezithile ezongezelelekileyo: Okokuqala, umbuzo othi "Ungummi waseUnited States of America" kunye neebhokisi zomfaki-sicelo ukuqinisekisa ukuba isicelo sikho okanye asingommi waseUnited States.

Iimfuno Zobudala

Umthetho womanyano umisela i-18 njengexesha elincinane lokuvota kunyulo lwezibonelelo phantsi koMgaqo-siseko wama-26. Noko ke, amazwe amaninzi avumela abantu abangaphantsi kwe-18 ukuba bavote ngaphambi kokuba babhaliswe, ukubhaliswa kwabo kuqhubeke xa beneminyaka eli-18 ubudala.

Imithetho yephondo iyahluka ngokuphathelele iminyaka yangaphambi kokubhaliswa. Amanye amaphondo avumela ukubhaliswa kusemncinci ngeminyaka engamashumi asixhenxe, ngeli lixa amanye emisela ubuncinane kwiminyaka eli-17 okanye i-17,5 ubudala. Ezi nkqubo zobhaliso zinceda ukuqinisekisa ukuba abantu abaselula bakulungele ukuvota ngokukhawuleza xa befaneleka, ukukhuthaza ukubhalisana kwebutho loluntu phakathi kwabavoti abatsha.

Iimfuno Zokuhlala Uhleli

Kufuneka abe ngabemi bolawulo apho babhalisa khona. Oku kuthetha ukuba kufuneka uhlale kurhulumente, kwiphondo, nakummandla apho ufuna ukuvota khona. Iimfuno zonyulo ziqinisekisa ukuba abavoti babe nenxaxheba kunyulo lwabameli abaza kubalawula kwaye benze izigqibo ezichaphazela uluntu lwabo.

Amazwe anemilinganiselo eyahlukeneyo yokumisela indawo yokuhlala, kodwa ngokuqhelekileyo, indawo ohlala kuyo kulapho ugcina ikhaya lakho eliyintloko kwaye uzimisele ukubuya xa ungekho. Awufuni idilesi yasekhaya ukuze ubhalise kwaye uvote. Abantu abangenamakhaya bangabhalisa besebenzisa idilesi yokufihla ikhaya, indawo abahlala kuyo rhoqo, okanye kwanenkcazelo yeendawo abalala kuzo.

Ukucingwa Ngokunzulu

Ukukwazi kwakho ukuvota emva kokuqiniseka kusenokuba kwahlukile kumazwe ngamazwe. Ama-odolo anemithetho eyahlukeneyo emalunga namalungelo okuvota kubantu abanokuvota nabanokuvotelwa. Amanye amazwe abuyisela amalungelo okuvota ngokukhawuleza emva kokukhululwa entolongweni, amanye afuna ukugqitywa okanye ukuvalelwa, kwaye amazwana ambalwa ayabalahla ngokupheleleyo abantu abaneenkolelo ezithile zokungaxolelwa okanye ukubuyiselwa kwamalungelo abo ngokobuqu.

Imigudu yowiso-mthetho yakutshanje iye yagxininisa ekuvuselelweni kwamalungelo okuvota. Ukuvotelwa kwamaLungelo: Abenzi bomthetho baseVirginia bamkela imvume esemthethweni yokubuyisela amalungelo okuvota kumaMerika aneenkolelo zokuvota. Ngoku iVirginia ilelinye kuphela kumazwe amane apho inkululeko yomntu yokuvota ikhutshwa ngokupheleleyo ngenxa yetyala.

Indlela Yokubhalisa Ubuchule: Iindlela ezikhoyo

Iinkqubo zale mihla zobhaliso zinika abemi abafanelekeleyo ukuba babhalise, zibonisa imfuno zikarhulumente kunye nohlahlo-hleko lukarhulumente olwenzelwe ukwandisa ukufumaneka nokuvuselelwa.

Ubhaliso lwe Voter ye-intanethi

Ubhaliso lwangaphakathi lomvoti luye lwaxhaphaka kakhulu kulo lonke elaseUnited States, lunika ukhetho olulungelayo abavoti bobugcisa. Amazwana amaninzi ngoku anika izibuko ezikhuselekileyo kwi-intanethi apho abemi abafanelekileyo banokugqiba izicelo zobhaliso nge-electal. Ezi nkqubo ziqinisekisa ulwazi ngokusebenzisa iilayisensi zomqhubi okanye amakhadi okwahlula urhulumente.

Ukusebenziseka kokubhalisa nge-intanethi kuye kwayenza yaba yenye yezona ndlela zithandwayo zokubhalisa. Kodwa ke, ukufumaneka kobhaliso nge-intanethi kuyahluka ngokwemeko, kwaye amanye amazwe akakasebenzisi ezi nkqubo okanye akakasebenzisi mandla alo kwiimeko ezithile, njengokuhlaziya ubhaliso olukhoyo kunokuba abhalise ngokutsha.

Ubhaliso kwiiOfisi ze-injini

Njengoko kufuneka yi-NVRA, iSebe le-Mor Vehicles ofisi kunye namasebe afanayo emoto kufuneka anike abavoti iinkonzo zokuvota. Xa ufaka isicelo sephepha-mvume lomqhubi omtsha, hlaziya iphepha-mvume elikhoyo, okanye utshintshe idilesi yakho nge-DMV, kufuneka unikwe ithuba lokubhalisa okanye ukuhlaziya ubhaliso lwakho lomvoti ngexesha elinye.

Le ndlela idityanisiweyo ingqineke isebenza kakhulu kumlinganiselo ophezulu wokubhalisa, njengoko izigidi zabantu baseMerika zisebenzisana rhoqo namaqumrhu ezithuthi. Le nkqubo yenzelwe ukuba ingabi namthungo, ikuvumela ukuba ugqibe urhwebo lwakho nolulonke ngexesha lotyelelo olunye.

Ubhaliso lwe-imeyile

Ubhaliso lweposi lusabalulekile, ingakumbi kubantu abakhetha iifomu zephepha lesithethe okanye ukunqongophala komxhasi we-intanethi. Ama-United States kufuneka amkele ifomu yobhaliso yevoti yesizwe, enokukhutshelwa, ishicilelwe, igqitywe, kwaye ithunyelwe kubaphathi bonyulo. Amazwe amaninzi akwanika iifomu zawo zokubhalisa ii-imeyili kwi-intanethi.

Ifomu yolawulo yengingqi ikwimo esesikweni kodwa iquka imiyalelo ecacileyo yemo ukutyala iimfuno zemeko eyahlukeneyo. Oku kuqinisekisa ukuba nokuba uhlala phi, ungasebenzisa indlela enye esisiseko ukubhalisa, nangona kufuneka ulandele imithetho ethile yezwe lakho malunga nommiselo kunye noxwebhu.

Ubhaliso

Urhulumente omninzi uvumela okanye ufuna ukubhaliswa okanye ukubhaliswa ngomqeshwa kwii-ofisi zonyulo zasekuhlaleni, kumathala eencwadi kawonke-wonke, okanye kwezinye iindawo ezimisiweyo. Ubhaliso olukwi-properson lungaluncedo ngokukhethekileyo ukuba unemibuzo malunga nenkqubo okanye ufuna uncedo olugqityiweyo. Abaphathi bokhetho kwezi ndawo banganika ukhokelo kwaye baqinisekise ukuba isicelo sakho sigqityiwe kakuhle.

Amanye amazwe aqhuba imicimbi yoluntu, iikoleji nezinye iimbutho zikawonke wonke. Ezi njongo, ngokufuthi eziququzelelwa yimibutho yezentlalo okanye amaqela ezobupolitika, zinika amathuba afanelekileyo okubhalisa kwiimeko eziqhelekileyo zasekuhlaleni.

Ubhaliso kwiiofisi zoncedo lukawonke-wonke

Phantsi kweCandelo 7 leNVRA, iiofisi zoncedo lukawonke-wonke kunye namaqumrhu enkonzo ekhubazekileyo kufuneka anike abavoti amathuba okubhalisa. Isicelo ngasinye sayiphi na yezi nkonzo, ukuhlaziywa kweenkonzo, okanye iinguqulelo zedilesi kufuneka zinikezelwe ngefomu yobhaliso lovoti kunye noncedo ekugqibeni ifomu nokugqithisela isicelo esigqityiweyo kwiLizwe okanye kwigosa lonyulo.

Le mfuneko iqinisekisa ukuba abemi abanokujamelana neengxaki zezoqoqosho okanye zomzimba zokufikelela kwiindawo zokubhalisa zesithethe basenokusebenzisa ilungelo labo lokubhalisa. Ii-ofisi eziqukwa leli lungiselelo ziquka ezo zilawula iinkqubo ezifana ne-SNAP (izitempe zokutya), iMedicaid, i-TTANF, i-WIC, kunye neenkonzo zesiphene zikarhulumente.

Ubhaliso logcino-lwazi oluzenzekelayo: Ukwandisa unikezelo olungaphaya kokubuyiselwa

Ubhaliso oluzenzekelayo lomvoti (AVR) lumele enye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo ezisandul' ukusungulwa kwinkqubo yobhaliso lovoti. Phantsi kwenkqubo ye-AVR, abemi abafanelekileyo babhaliswa ngokuzenzekelayo ukuba bavote xa besebenzisana namaqumrhu athile karhulumente, ngokuqhelekileyo i-DMV, ngaphandle kokuba baye bayeke ukubhalisa ngokuvumayo.

AVR yahlukile kubhaliso lwesithethe "Lotor Voter" ngendlela enzima: endaweni yokufuna abantu ukuba bakhethe ukubhalisa, iinkqubo ze-AVR ngokuzenzekelayo zibhalisa abemi abafanelekileyo ngaphandle kokuba bakhethe ngaphandle. Oku kuguqukela ekukhetheni ukuya ekukhetheni ngaphandle kungqineke kusebenza kakhulu ekunyuseni isantya sobhaliso ngeli xesha kugcinwa ucoselelo nokhuseleko.

Ulawulo oluninzi luye lwasebenzisa iinkqubo ezizenzekelayo zobhaliso lomvoti kwiminyaka yakutshanje. Ezi nkqubo zisebenza ngokuba i-DMV okanye ezinye iziko ezityunjwe ngombane zidlulisele ulwazi malunga nabemi abafanelekileyo kumagosa onyulo, abathi ngoko babadibanise kwimivoti emva kokuqinisekisa ukuba banyanisekile. Abantu bafumana isaziso sokubhaliswa kwabo kwaye babe nethuba lokuyeka okanye ukuhlaziya ulwazi lwabo.

Abaxhasi be-AVR baphikisa ngelithi isusa imiqobo engafanelekanga ekubhaliseni, ukwandisa inxaxheba, ukuphucula ucoselelo ngokunciphisa iimpazamo zokungena kogcino-lwazi, kwaye inyusa ukhuseleko ngokuveza unxulumano olunokuthenjwa phakathi kweerekhodi zikarhulumente kunye neeroli zabavoti. Abahlalutyi baye baphakamisa inkxalabo malunga namaxabiso, ukuzalisekisa imingeni, kunye nokunokwenzeka kokuba abantu abangengobantu babhaliswe ngokuphandle, nangona iinkqubo ze-AVR ziquka izikhuselo ukuqinisekisa ubumi kunye nokuthembeka.

Ubhaliso losuku olufanayo: Ukususa izithinteli ezifileyo

Ukubhaliswa ngosuku olunye (SDR), okukwabizwa ngokuba lubhaliso loSuku loNnyulo, kuvumela abemi abafanelekileyo ukuba babhalise ukuvota nokulahla ivoti ngosuku olunye. Le nkqubo iphelisa amaxesha okubhalisa anokuthi ngandlela ithile athintele abavoti abafanelekileyo ukuba bangenele inxaxheba, ingakumbi abo bafudukela kunyulo okanye babandakanyeke kugqatso emva kwexesha elidlulileyo kwiphulo.

Ilizwe elinobhaliso lwasuku olunye libonise ngokusoloko libonisa umvoti ophezulu xa kuthelekiswa namazwe akwimiqathango yangaphambili yokubhalisa. Inkqubo iluncedo ngokukodwa kubavoti abaselula, abantu abafumana imali ephantsi, nabanye abafuduka rhoqo kwaye abasenokuphoswa lixesha lokubhalisa lesithethe.

Ukubhalisa ngosuku olunye kudla ngokufuna abavoti ukuba banikele ubungqina bokuzichaza nokuhlala ngexesha lokubhaliswa. Amagosa okhetho aqinisekisa ukuba kufanelekile kwaye aqhuba ubhaliso ngoko nangoko, evumela umntu ukuba avote xa ebhalisile. Amanye amazwe anikela nge-SDR ngexesha lovota kwanangoSuku loNkqolelo ngokwalo.

Uphando lubonise ukuba ukubhaliswa kosuku olunye akwandisi buqhetseba okanye imithwalo yolawulo ngokuphawulekayo, ngokuchaseneyo neminye inkxalabo. Ama-United States anembali ende ye-SDR, enjenge-Minnesota neWisconsin, aye asebenzisa olunyulo ngempumelelo ngezi nkqubo kangangamashumi eminyaka.

Iimfuno zoMlinganiselo woMkhosi: Ukulungelelanisa uKhuseleko nokuNgena

Le mithetho yokwahlula iye yaba yenye yeenkalo ezithandabuzekayo zolawulo lonyulo kwiminyaka yakutshanje. Le mithetho ifuna ukuba abavoti banikele iindlela ezithile zokuzichaza ngaphambi kokuba benze ivoti, mhlawumbi ngexesha lokubhalisa, xa bevota, okanye zombini.

Iintlobo zemithetho yeVoter

Amazwe angamashumi amathathu anesithandathu anemithetho ecela okanye efuna abavoti ukubonisa uhlobo oluthile lokwahlula kunyulo. Amazwe aseleyo ali-14 asebenzisa ezinye iindlela ukuqinisekisa ukuba ngabavoti.

NgokweNkomfa yeSizwe yoMgaqo-siseko weSizwe, imithetho ye-ID yomvoti ingabekwa ngeendlela ezimbini: nokuba urhulumente ucela i-ID yefoto okanye wamkela i-ID engeyoyophoto kunye nezenzo ezikhoyo kubavoti abangenayo i-ID.

I-Id yeFoto e-Strict: Amazwe afuna i-ID yefoto (iphondo): Georgia, Indiana, Kansas, Mississippi, Nebraska, North Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, neWisconsin. Kula maphondo, abavoti ngaphandle kokwamkelwa okwamkelekileyo kufuneka bavote kwi-otalboti ye-evolution kwaye bathabathe amanyathelo awongezelelekileyo emva koSuku lokhetho ukuze ivoti yabo ibalwe.

Non-Strict ID States: Amazwe acela i-ID yefoto (engeyondawo): Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Hawaii, Idaho, Louisiana, Michigan, Rhode Island, South Dakota, kunye ne Texas. Imithetho engeyo-hlelo ichaza ukuba abanye abavoti ngaphandle kokwamkelwa abanokukhetha ukuphosa ibholaot izakubalwa ngaphandle kwesenzo esithe sathathwa ngumvoti.

[[NTL:0] I-Id yeFoto-Non: Amanye amazwe amkela ukusetyenziswa okungeyo-photo njengengxelo zebhanki, ityala lezemali, okanye amaxwebhu karhulumente abonisa igama nedilesi yomvoti. La maphondo anokuba nomthetho ongqongqo okanye ongengowomgangatho ofunekayo kwi-ID yawo.

Impikiswano Ngaphezu Komthetho Wezivoter

Abaxhasi bemithetho ye-ID yomvoti bathi banciphisa ubuqhophololo bovoti ngaphandle kokubeka umthwalo omkhulu kubavoti. Baphikisa ngelithi ukufuna ukuchazwa kungumkhuseli ofanelekileyo onyusa intembelo yoluntu kwingqibelelo yonyulo nokuthintela ukuqhatha.

Abachasi bemithetho elawulayo elawulayo baphikisa ngelithi ukuqhatha kwabavoti kunqabile kakhulu kwaye le mithetho isoloko ibeka imiqobo engafanelekanga kumaqela amancinane kunye nabo bangenamathuba aneleyo okuba nee-ID zemifanekiso. Uphando lubonise ukuba abantu abathile, kuquka abatsha abakhulileyo, abavoti, abangenayo abantu abambalwa, amaqela amancinane, nabafundi, abanamathuba aneleyo okuba nentlobo ezithile zokuzichaza ezifunekayo ngemithetho engqongqo.

Iinkundla zikhuphe imithetho eyahlukeneyo ye-ID evotiweyo, kunye neemfuno ze-ID ezingqongqo eziye zabethwa phantsi okanye zalungiswa ngenxa yenkxalabo ngokuchaphazeleka kolwaphulo-mthetho, ngoxa ezinye ziye zaxhaswa. Umhlaba osemthethweni uyaqhubeka uguquka njengoko amazwe ephumeza iimfuno ezintsha ze-ID kwaye evavanya ukusetyenziswa kwawo ngokusemthethweni nokuthotyelwa kwawo imithetho yokuvota yesizwe.

Uphuhliso Lwakutshanje Kumthetho Wobhaliso

Ukwakhiwa komthetho wokuvota kuyaqhubeka kuguquka, yaye inkqubela ephawulekayo yenzeka kumgangatho worhulumente noworhulumente ngowama-2025 nowama-2026. Olu tshintsho lubonisa ungquzulwano oluqhubekayo phakathi kwemigudu yokwandisa ukufikelela nokuxhalabisa ngokhuseleko lonyulo.

Umthetho obekelwe imiqathango ngowama-2025

Phakathi kweyeThupha 1 noDisemba 31, 2025, ubuncinane kumaphondo ali-16 amisela imithetho yokuvota engqongqo engama-31. Le mithetho iquka amalungiselelo ahlukeneyo achaphazela ukubhalisa nokufikelela kovota. Ama-70-sibhozo kula maza kuthintela ufikelelo kwiposi yokuvota; ama- 59 aya kwenza iimfuno ze-ID ezingqongqo zokubhaliswa okanye kuvota; kwaye angama-37 aya kufuna abavoti ukuba banikezele ngepasipoto, isatifiketi sokuzalwa, okanye uxwebhu olufanayo lokubhalisa okanye ukuvota ngendlela enokuba isuse abavoti abafaneleyo.

Ubungqina BobuNcedo Bobumi

Kutshanje amaphondo amaninzi amisele imithetho efuna ubungqina bobumi bokuvota. USpencer Cox, ukwangumRiphabliki, wasayina isindululo esifanayo esifuna ababhalisi abatsha ukunikezela ngesiqinisekiso sokuba ngummi ukuze angenele iiroli zomvoti. Umthetho uza kuchaphazela kuphela abaxhasi abatsha abatsha ababhalisiweyo. AmaDakota aseMzantsi sele ebhalisile okanye ejonge ukutshintsha ulwazi lwabo lokubhalisa akazukufunwa ukubonisa ubungqina bobumi.

Le mithetho ibangele impikiswano ephawulekayo. Kutshanje i-Utah igqibele enye yeengxubusho ezibanzi zobumi ezakhe zaqhutywa kumgangatho wesizwe, ihlola abavoti abangaphezu kwezigidi ezibini ababhalisiweyo. Bafumana imo eqinisekisiweyo yokubhaliswa okungabhaliswanga nokuvota okungabolanga. Le nkcazelo ibonisa ukuba ukuvota okungangxamisekanga kunqabile, iphakamisa imibuzo yokuba ubungqina obungqongqo bokungameleki kobumi buyimfuneko kusini na okanye enoba benza imiqobo efunekayo kubemi abafanelekileyo.

Icandelo Lohlangulo

NgoMatshi 18, 2026, iNdlu yeeNtsimbi iqhubana ngokukhutheleyo neSicwangciso sokuKhusela iMelika. Lo mthetho wesizwe ubuya kumisela ubungqina obutsha beemfuno zobumi ukuze kubhaliswe uvoti. Abavoter bayakufuna ngokuqhelekileyo ukunikela ubungqina obubhaliweyo bobumi phambi kokuba bagqibezele ukubhaliswa, ngokunempumelelo ukuphelisa iindlela zokubhalisa ezikhoyo kwi-intanethi kunye neposi. Kubantu abaninzi oko kuthetha ukuba ne-passport okanye isatifiketi sokuzalwa esiqinisekisiweyo.

I-Flarence Act ibangele impikiswano enkulu. Phantsi koMthetho wokuRhoxisa, igosa lonyulo elibhalisa umvoti ngaphandle kwamaphepha achanileyo lingajamelana nesigwebo solwaphulo-mthetho kunye nokumangalelwa kwamakhaya, nokuba loo mvoti ungummi osemthethweni wase-United States. Phantsi komthetho, abasebenzi bonyulo bangajongana nentolongo iminyaka emihlanu ngenxa yokubhalisa umntu ngaphandle kwemithetho echanekileyo, kwanangoko benokholo olulungileyo.

Abahlalutyi baphikisa umthetho ukuba uza kwenza imiqobo ebalulekileyo ekubhaliseni. Malunga nama-24% abantu baseMerika abangaphantsi kweminyaka engama-30 abanayo imvume yokufumana amaxwebhu. Ngaphezu koko, 6% kuphela yabavoti ababhalisayo kwiofisi yonyulo. Ukuba i-RANDers Act ibiza kugqitha, ubhaliso lomvoti kwi-intanethi, apho ama-42 axhomekeke kulo ngoku, aya kulungiswa okanye asuswe.

Utshintsho Olukhulu

Ngoxa imithetho emininzi yakutshanje ithintele ukufikelela, eminye imiqathango iye yasuka kwicala elichaseneyo. Ulwandiso lwangaphambili: Arkansas kunye nomthetho waseTexas lwamisa imithetho emitsha eyandisiweyo yokuvota kwangoko. Ukongeza, uxwebhu oluthembisayo lokuvota kwangethuba lwadlula iNdlu yeNtlanganiso eMississippi.

NgoJanuwari 12, 2026, iNew Jersey yawisa umthetho omkhulu oya kwandisa amathuba okubhaliswa kwevoti, kodwa awuqukwanga kubalwa kwethu kuba wenziwa emva komhla wethu wokuyeka ukwamkela uvoti.

Amalungiselelo akhethekileyo eenqanawa zomkhosi nangaphaya kolwandle

Umthetho karhulumente unikela ukhuseleko olukhethekileyo nendawo yokuhlala kumalungu enkonzo yasemkhosini nakubemi baseUnited States abahlala kwamanye amazwe, beqonda iingxaki ezikhethekileyo aba bavoti abajamelana nazo ekunyulweni.

Isenzo sokuhambisa inkxaso

I-Viediated and Overseas Citizens Abfaise Voting Act ka-1986 ifuna ukuba kubekho amazwe athumela iifomu zokubhalisa zomvoti kumazwe aphesheya kunye nabavoti basemkhosini aze azivumele ukuba zibhalise ngeposi. Lo mthetho uqinisekisa ukuba amaMerika akhonza ilizwe lawo okanye ahlala kwelinye ilizwe angakwazi ukusebenzisa ilungelo lawo lokuvota.

Funda indlela wena nentsapho yakho eningabhalisa ngayo kunye nevoti naphi na apho nibekwe khona. Ungavota ngeposi naphi na ehlabathini. INkqubo yeFederal Voting Application inikeza iinkqubo zokunceda umkhosi kunye nabavoti baphesheya basebenzise inkqubo yokubhalisa nokuvota.

Ucelomngeni Lwakutshanje Kumkhosi Nakwiindawo Ezingaphezulu

Phezu kwazo nje ezi ntaba, abavoti basemkhosini nabaphesheya bajongane nocelomngeni olutsha kwiminyaka yakutshanje. Olu cwangciso lukhuthaza uhlaselo lwemigangatho karhulumente kumazwe aphesheya kwelizwe kunye nabavoti bomkhosi e-Arizona, e-Indiana, eMntla Carolina, eTennessee, nase Texas. Ezi zindululo zazizakongeza imiqobo emitsha yokuvota kubantu abahlala kwelinye ilizwe okanye abakhonza phesheya, njengobungqina bokuba ngummi wamazwe aphesheya.

Ngelixesha ezi zindululo zingadluli ngo-2025, zimela intsingiselo echaphazela ubuchule bomkhosi kunye nabo bakumazwe aphesheya bokuvota ukuba nenxaxheba kunyulo lwexesha elizayo. Abameli bayaqhubeka beqwalasela ezi zindululo kwaye basebenze ukuqinisekisa ukuba amaMelika akhonza kwelinye ilizwe agcine unikezelo olupheleleyo kwivoti.

Ugcino loLuhlu lweVer: Ukugcina Iroli Ichanekile Ngoxa Ukhusela Amalungelo

Ukugcina uluhlu lobhaliso oluchanileyo lwevoti kubalulekile kulawulo olufanelekileyo lonyulo, kodwa ugcino lwenkqubo kufuneka lwenziwe ngocoselelo ukuze luphephe ukususwa okungafanelekanga kwabavoti kwiiroli.

Izizathu Ezisemthethweni Zokushenxiswa

Imithetho yomanyano norhulumente ichaza iimeko ezisikelwe umda abavoti abanokususwa phantsi kwazo kuluhlu lokubhalisela. Ezi ziquka:

  • Ukufa Kombhalisayo
  • Ukukholelwa (ukutsho ukuthi abantu badimazeka ngenxa yokunganyaniseki)
  • Ukunqamleza ingqondo (apho kuvunyelwe ngumthetho wesizwe)
  • Ukutshintshela ulawulo kwenye indawo
  • Isicelo se-voter sokuba sisuswe

I-NVRA imisela iinkqubo ezikhethekileyo ezimele zilandelwe xa kususwa abavoti ngenxa yezi zizathu, kuquka iimfuno zesaziso namathuba okulungisa ukususwa kwempazamo.

Utshintsho lweenkqubo zedilesi

Ngaphantsi kolo hlobo, iUnited States ingasebenzisa ulwazi lokutshintsha-tshintsha kwedilesi enikezelwe yi-United States Postal Service ngenkqubo yayo yokuguqula iDilesi yesiZwe sokuThintela (NCOA) ukuchonga abaququzeleli abasenokuba batshintshile iindawo zokuhlala ize ithathe enye yezenzo ezimbini. Ukuba ivela kwiNCOA ulwazi lokuba umntu uthulelwe kwindawo eyahlukileyo kwindawo yokuhlala kulawulo olunye lombhali-zincwadi, umbhali-mkeli utshintsha iirekhodi zokubhalisa ukubonisa idilesi entsha kwaye uthumele irekhonkca isaziso sotshintsho ngeposi edluliselwe phambili kunye ne-posi ebuyiselwe kuqala, ebuyiselwe ngefomu apho isigqeqeshi sizakuqinisekisa okanye idilesi echanekileyo.

Ukuba kubonakala ukuba umbhali ufudukele kwindlu engaphandle kolawulo lombhali, umamkeli usebenzisa icandelo 8 (d) lesaziso kwaye angasusa umvoti kwiiroli emva kokwanelisa zonke iimfuno zaloo nkqubo.

Imikhwa Ecetyisiweyo

Umthetho womanyano walela imisebenzi ethile yokugcina uluhlu enokuthi ngokungafanelekanga idibanise abavoti abafanelekileyo. Lo mthetho uyalela ukurhoxiswa (uqheliselo lokuthumela iposi kwidilesi kwincwadana echongiweyo, ukuqokelela uluhlu lweposi engathunyelwanga, nokusebenzisa uluhlu ukususa abavoti ababhalisweyo kwiiroli zovoti).

Amazwe akanakususa abavoti ngokulula ngenxa yokusilela ukuvota kunyulo oludlulileyo. Ngelixesha ukungaququzeli kungaxhobisa inkqubo yesaziso sokuqinisekisa, abavoti abanakususwa kuphela ngenxa yokungathabathi nxaxheba kunyulo lwangoku ngaphandle kobungqina obongezelelekileyo bokuba abamkelekanga.

Ukukhusela Amalungelo Akho Okubhalisa Imali

Ukuqonda amalungelo akho njengomvoti kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba ungabhalisa ngokunempumelelo kwaye ube nenxaxheba kunyulo. Imithetho yomanyano neyorhulumente inikela ukhuseleko oluninzi, kodwa kufuneka uwaqaphele ukuze uwasebenzise ngokunempumelelo.

Ilungelo Lokubhalisa Ngaphandle Kocalulo

Umthetho womanyano uyalwalela ucalucalulo ekubhalisweni kwevoti ngesizinzi sohlanga, umbala, okanye amalungu kwiqela lolwimi oluncinane. UMthetho wamaLungelo kunye neminye imithetho yamalungelo abantu iqinisekisa ukuba iinkqubo zokubhalisa kufuneka zifikeleleke kubo bonke abemi abafanelekileyo kungakhathaliseki imvelaphi yabo.

If you believe you have been discriminated against in the registration process, you have the right to file a complaint with the Department of Justice Civil Rights Division or pursue legal action. Private parties may also bring litigation in federal court to enforce the NVRA.

Ukufumana Uncedo

Unelungelo lokufumana uncedo lokugqiba iifomu zokuvota ukuba ufuna uncedo ngenxa yesiphene, imiqobo yolwimi, okanye ezinye izizathu.

Yazi amalungelo akho neendawo zokuvota ezikhuselwe ngumthetho. UMthetho weMerika onesiphene neminye imithetho karhulumente ufuna ukuba abantu abaneziphene babhaliswe, kuquka ukubonelela ngenye indlela izinto zokubhalisa nokuqinisekisa ukuba zikho iindawo zokubhalisa.

Ukubonisa Ubungqina Bobunyani

Lo Mthetho ukwafuna isaziso sabo bonke abafaki-zicelo zokuba izicelo zabo zobhaliso zamkelekile okanye zalahliwe. Ukuba isicelo sakho siyalaliswa, kufuneka waziswe ngesizathu kwaye unikwe ithuba lokulungisa nakuphi na ukuswela.

Ukuba usengozini yokususwa kwiiroli zabavoti ngenxa yokutshintsha kwedilesi okanye esinye isizathu, kufuneka ufumane isaziso kunye nethuba lokuphendula ngaphambi kokuba kususwe. La magophe okukhusela iprocedual anceda ekuthinteleni abavoti abafanelekileyo ukuba bangahlulwa ngokungafanelekanga.

Ukhuseleko Oluyimfihlo

I-NVRA iquka ukhuseleko olubalulekileyo lwemfihlo lolwazi lokuvota. Ukuba ubhalisa kwisebe loncedo lukawonke-wonke okanye kwiofisi yeenkonzo ezithintelayo, igama lombutho obhalisile kuwo kufuneka lihlale liyimfihlo yaye alinakutyhilwa ekuhleni. Olu khuselo luqinisekisa ukuba abantu bangabhalisa ngaphandle koloyiko lokuba ukusetyenziswa kwabo koncedo lukawonke-wonke kuya kwaziwa ebantwini.

Ucelomngeni Lobhaliso Oluqhelekileyo Nendlela Yokoyisa

Nangona kukho ukhuseleko olusemthethweni, abemi abaninzi abafanelekileyo bajamelana nocelomngeni olusebenzisekayo ekubhaliseni ukuze bavote.

Ubhaliso olungekhoyo

Esinye sezizathu eziqhelekileyo ezibangela ukuba abemi balapho bafaneleke ukuba bavote kukuphoswa kwemiqathango yobhaliso. UmThetho ujonga ezo zicelo zovoti zifanelekileyo ezifanelekileyo ezinikezelwa kurhulumente omiselweyo nakumagosa asekuhlaleni, okanye zithunyelwe emva kokuba zithunyelwe ngeposi, ubuncinane iintsuku ezingama-30 ngaphambi konyulo lukarhulumente.

Ukuphepha ukuphoswa kwexesha, khangela ixesha lokubhalisa lorhulumente wakho kunyulo olungaphambili. Amazwe amaninzi anika ubhaliso lwemini enye, oluphelisa esi sithintelo ngokupheleleyo. Ukuba imeko yakho ayiniki bhaliso lwemini enye, phawula ixesha lokubhalisa kwikhalenda yakho kwaye bhalisa ngokukhawuleza kangangoko kunokwenzeka.

Uguqulela kwi khowudi ye KOffice

Abanye abavoti bayazama ukufumana uxwebhu olufunekayo lokubhalisa, ingakumbi kumaphondo ane-ID engqongqo okanye ubungqina bemfuno zobumi. Ukuba akuwafuni amaxwebhu, qhagamshelana neofisi yonyulo yobulali ukuze ufunde malunga nolunye ukhetho. Amazwe amaninzi anika iinkqubo zabavoti abangakwaziyo ukufumana uxwebhu olusemgangathweni.

Kubantu abafuna iziqinisekiso zokuzalwa okanye ezinye iingxelo ezibalulekileyo, amazwe amaninzi anikela iinkqubo zoncedo okanye ahlawulwe irhafu yemali efunekayo yeenjongo zokuvota.

Idilesi

Abantu abafudukela rhoqo, kuquka abafundi basekholeji, iintsapho zomkhosi, kunye nabaqeshi abahlawulwayo abaphantsi, bangajamelana nocelomngeni lokugcina ubhaliso lwabo lukwingingqi enye okanye kwingingqi enye, ungakwazi ukuvota kwindawo yakho yokuvota okanye uhlaziye idilesi yakho ngoSuku lokhetho, kuxhomekeka kwimithetho karhulumente wakho.

Ukuba ufudukela kurhulumente omtsha, kufuneka ubhalise kwimo yakho entsha yokuhlala. Uninzi lwamazwe akuvumela ukuba uhlaziye ubhaliso lwakho kwi Internet okanye ngeposi ukuba uhamba ngaphakathi kwengingqi. Yenza ukhumulo lobhaliso lomvoti ubenenxenye yoluhlu lwakho lokukhangela ukuqinisekisa ukuba ungavota kwindawo yakho entsha.

Imiqobo Yeelwimi

UMthetho wamaLungelo ufuna amagunya athile ukunikezela ngezinto zokubhalisa ngeelwimi ezingezizo isiNgesi kumaqela amancinane eelwimi. Ukuba isiNgesi asilolwimi lwakho lokuqala, khangela ukuba ngaba igunya lakho liyafuneka na ukunikezela ngezinto ngolwimi lwakho. Kwanakwimithetho ephakamileyo ngaphandle kwale mfuneko, unelungelo lokuzisa umntu oza kukunceda ngokubhalisa.

Indima yobuxhakaxhaka Kubhaliso Lwezibonelelo Zale Mihla

Ubugcisa buye baguqula ukubhaliswa kwabavoti kwiminyaka yakutshanje, bunika amathuba amatsha okwandisa ufikelelo nocoselelo ngoxa buphakamisa ucelomngeni neengxaki ezintsha.

Inkqubo yobhaliso lwangaphakathi

Ukubhalisa ngomvoti ngekhompyutha kuye kwaba yenye yezona nkqubela zobugcisa zibalulekileyo kulawulo lonyulo. Ezi nkqubo zivumela abemi abafanelekileyo ukuba babhaliswe ekhaya besebenzisa iikhompyutha okanye izixhobo ezihambayo, basuse imfuneko yokushicilela, ukugqiba nokutyelela iifomu zeposi okanye ukutyelela iiofisi zikarhulumente.

Inkqubo yobhaliso kwi Internet edityaniswe nee-DMV zesiseko sokuqinisekisa ubukho kwaye uthintele ubuqhophololo. Xa ubhalisa kwi Internet, inkqubo ikhangela ulwazi lwakho kwiingxelo ze DMV ezikhoyo ukuqinisekisa ukuba ungubani kwaye uyaphumelela. Olu dibaniso luphucula ucoselelo ngokucutha iimpazamo zokungena kogcino-lwazi kwaye lunceda ekunqandeni ukubhalisa ngokuphinda-phinda.

Ubhaliso lombane kwii-DMV

Uninzi lwamazwe luye lwazitshintsha iinkqubo zalo zobhaliso lwe-DMV oluvotayo ngokusebenzisa iinkqubo ze-elektroniki ezidlulisela ulwazi ngqo ukusuka kwii-DMV zogcino-lwazi ukuya kwiinkqubo zobhaliso lovoti. Oku kuphelisa imfuneko yeefomu zamaphepha kunye nokungeniswa kogcino-lwazi lwezandla, ukunciphisa iimpazamo nokuphucula impumelelo.

Ezi nkqubo ze-elektroniki zenza umqolo weenkqubo ezizenzekelayo zobhaliso oluvotayo, zivumela ukudluliswa kolwazi olungenamthungo malunga nabemi abafanelekileyo kwingxelo ye-DMV ukuba baqokelele iincwadi zovotelo ezinezikhuselo ezifanelekileyo ukuqinisekisa ukuba kulungile kwaye zinikeze amathuba akhethekileyo okukhetha.

Iisiseko sobhaliso sogcino-lwazi olubanzi lwelizwe

UMthetho woncedo waseMelika Vote ka-2002 ufuna ulawulo lokuzalisekisa iisiseko sobhaliso lwamavoti jikelele. Ezi nkqubo ezisembindini zithathe indawo yomsebenzi wesiziba sogcino-lwazi lwasekuhlaleni olwalukho kumazwe amaninzi ngaphambili, ziphucula ucoselelo kwaye zenza kube lula ukugcina iiroli zabavoti zangoku.

Ii-database eziseburhulumenteni zinceda ekuthinteleni ukubhaliswa ngokuphinda-phindeneyo, ekuncedeni ukuhlaziywa kwedilesi xa abavoti behamba ngaphakathi kwelizwe, kwaye kunceda nokulungelelaniswa okungcono kweeofisi zonyulo. Zikwaxhasa imisebenzi yolungiso ngokwenza kube lula ukufanisa abavoti abafudukileyo, abafileyo, okanye abangamkeleki ngenxa yezinye izizathu.

Ukwabelana ngogcino-lwazi lwentlalo

Amazwe amaninzi athatha inxaxheba kwiinkqubo zokunceda abavoti abahamba benqumla imigca yombuso okanye babhalise kumaphondo amaninzi. Ezi nkqubo, njenge-Electronic Brinic Information Center (ERIC), zisebenzisa ubuchule obuntsonkothileyo bogcino-lwazi ukuchaza uphindaphindo olukhoyo kunye nobhaliso oluphelelwe lixesha loxa ukhusela ubucala bomvoti.

Ukunikela inkcazelo yentlalo kunceda oovoti bagcine iindlela ezichanileyo zicombululeka ngokunempumelelo kunendlela yesithethe, nangona ezi nkqubo ziye zaphikisana ngezobupolitika kwezinye iindawo, nto leyo ekhokelela amanye amazwe ukuba ayeke ukwenza amalungiselelo entsebenziswano.

Ukunyanzelwa kweMithetho yoBhaliso

Imithetho yobhaptizo lwamavoti inyanzeliswa ngeendlela ezininzi, kuquka ukuvelela kwesebe lesizwe, ukubekwa kwetyala ngasese, nezohlwayo zolwaphulo - mthetho ngenxa yokwaphulwa.

ISebe loLuntu lokuSebenza

ISebe leSigqeba samaLungelo esiSiviko linembopheleleko eyintloko yokumisa imithetho ye-NVRA namanye amalungelo esizwe okuvota. ISebe lingaphengulula izikhalazo, ukumangalelwa kweefayile ngokuchasene namazwe okanye ulawulo olungavumelaniyo neemfuno zikarhulumente, lifune imiyalelo yenkundla efuna ukuthotyelwa.

Emva kokuba i-NVRA iphumelele, iimeko ezininzi azizange ziphumelele ukuthatha amanyathelo afunekayo ukuhambisana nomthetho; ezininzi zazo zaphinda zaluphikisa umgaqo-siseko woMthetho. Ukuqalisa kwinyanga yomhla woMthetho osebenzayo, iSebe laphendula ngokugcwalisa uthotho lwamatyala olufuna la magunya ukuhambisana neenkqubo zoMthetho nokukhusela umGaqo-siseko.

Intshukumo

I-NVRA iquka ilungelo lobuqu lokwenza izinto, ivumela abantu kunye nemibutho ukuba babhale phantsi iinkundla ukuze banyanzelise amalungiselelo ayo. Le nkqubo ibonise ukubaluleka kokuqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa kwemithetho, njengoko imibutho yamalungelo okuvota nabemi abaxhalabileyo inokuzisa iingxaki ezingokwasemthethweni xa bebona ukwaphulwa komthetho.

Phambi kokuba afake isambatho, amaqela azimeleyo kufuneka anike isaziso kumagosa onyulo kwaye avumele ixesha lokuthobela ngokuzithandela. Ukuba ukuphulwa kwemithetho kuyaqhubeka, iinkundla zingayalela ukuba kusetyenziswe amayeza kwaye zisenokuyalela iimali zegqwetha kwimirhumo exhaphakileyo, nto leyo eyenza kube nokwenzeka ngezimali ukuba imibutho iqhube inyathelo lokunyanzelisa.

Ukugwetywa Kwezaphuli - mthetho

Umthetho wamafakela uhlawulo lolwaphulo-mthetho olwenziwe ngokwee-odokisi ezithile ezinxulumene nokubhaliswa kovoti. Isohlwayo solwaphulo-mthetho nabani na oya: (1) ukusoyikisa, ukusongela, okanye ukunyanzela nawuphi na umntu ukuba abhalise okanye avote okanye asebenzise naliphi na ilungelo phantsi kwalo Mthendeleko; okanye (2) ihluza okanye iqhatha abemi beLizwe lenkqubo yonyulo esesikweni neqhutywa ngokungakhethi.

La malungiselelo olwaphulo - mthetho akhusela ekuphazanyisweni kwamalungelo okubhalisa aze ancede amagosa onyulo nabanye abantu angenakubathintela abemi abafanelekileyo ekubhaliseni okanye ekuvoteni.

Umahluko woMgaqo-nkqubo woMgaqo-nkqubo

Ngeli xesha umthetho wesizwe umisela iimfuno ezisisiseko zokubhaliswa kovoti, amatyala agcina igunya elibalulekileyo lokuyila iinkqubo zawo zokubhalisa kwimiqathango yesebe. Oku kuphumele kwinguqu enkulu kwiinkqubo zokubhalisa, kwiinkqubo ezicwangcisiweyo, kunye neemfuno.

Imigca ebhalisweyo

Irejista yamisa imihla yokubhaliswa kwemiqathango karhulumente nonyulo lwasekuhlaleni, kwaye isenokumisela imiqathango yonyulo lwamaqumrhu loluntu logama nje ivumelana nemfuneko yeNVRA yokuba ukubhalisa kufumaneke ubuncinane iintsuku ezingama-30 phambi konyulo lukarhulumente. Amanye amazwe afuna ukubhaliswa kwiintsuku ezingama-30 ngaphambi konyulo, amanye anemiqathango emifutshane, kwaye amanye anika ubhaliso lwemini enye ngaphandle kwemiqathango emiselwe kwangaphambili.

Ukubhalisa kwangaphambili kwe-Voters ezincinane

Amazwe aye amkela iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo malunga nokubhalisa kwabantu abangaphantsi kwe-18. Amanye amaphondo avumela ukubhalisa kwangaphambi kokuba babhaliswe kusebancinane ngeminyaka eli-16, ukuze izikolo eziphakamileyo zikwazi ukuqhuba iidrafti zokubhalisa nokunceda abantu abaselula babhalise xa bekufanele ukuvota. Amanye amaphondo amisela ubuncinane beminyaka yokubhalisa yangaphambi kokuba batshaye eneminyaka eli-17 okanye eli-17.5, ngeli linye ixesha amanye awavumeli nayiphi na ingbhaliso ngaphambi kokuba abe neminyaka eli-18.

Ubhaliso lweQela

Amanye amazwe afuna okanye avumele abavoti ukuba babhalise kwiqela lezobupolitika, ngelinye ixesha abanye bengabhaliswanga. Kumaphondo abavoti abavaliweyo, ubhaliso lweqela lumisela ukuba yeyiphi ivoti yokuqala ongayivota. Amazwe anokungafuni ukuba ibhaliswe okanye avumele abavoti ukuba bakhethe ukuba yeyiphi eyona nto iphambili yeqela ukuba babe nenxaxheba nokuba ingabhaliswa kusini na.

Upheliso Lomqulu wesijikeleziso

Ngeli xesha umthetho wesizwe umisela iimfuno ezisisiseko zogcino loluhlu, amazwana amkele iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zokwahlula nokususa abavoti abangakholelekiyo. Amanye amaphondo aqhuba uhlolo oluthe rhoqo lweerolo ezivoti, ngoxa amanye ethatha indlela yokusebenza engekho mthethweni. Ugonyamelo lweenkqubo zokucoca lwahluka ngokuphawulekayo, namanye amazwe asusa abavoti lula kakhulu kunamanye.

Imithombo yogcino-lwazi lobhaliso noncedo

Zininzi izinto ezikhoyo ezinceda abemi abafanelekileyo ukuba balawule inkqubo yokuvota nokuqonda amalungelo abo.

Imithombo karhulumente esemthethweni

Urhulumente wasekuhlaleni ugcina iVoti.gov, iwebhsayithi esemthethweni enika ulwazi malunga nokubhaliswa kwevoti, kuquka amakhonkco kwii-website zikarhulumente zokubhalisa kunye neefomu zobhaliso ezinokukhutshelwa. Eli sigqeba linika ulwazi oluthembekileyo, olungangeni khaditanu olusuka ngqo kwimithombo karhulumente.

Iwebhsayithi yakho yeofisi yonyulo yelizwe inika iinkcukacha ezineenkcukacha malunga neemfuno zokubhaliswa, ixesha elithe kratya nenkqubo echanekileyo kwilizwe lakho. La majelo anika ubhaliso ngeInternet (apho akhoyo), iifomu ezinokukhuphelwa ulwazi olukhuphekayo, kunye nenkcazelo yokuqhagamshelana namagosa onyulo anokuphendula imibuzo.

Iintlangano ze-Norpartisan

Iintlangano ezifana noManyano lwaMasipala, iRock the Vote, nezinye ziqhuba ubhaliso lovoti zikhuthaza zize zinike ubuncwane obufundisayo ngokubhaliswa nokuvota. La maqela angaphakamisi anokukunceda ubhalise kwaye uphendule imibuzo ephathelele inkqubo.

Imibutho emininzi inika izixhobo zokuqinisekisa ukuba ubhalisile kwi-intanethi, zijonga ixesha ozibhalisa ngalo, zifumane iindawo zokuvota. Isenokunikela uncedo ngeelwimi ezingezizo isiNgesi kwaye inike abaxhasi abacetyiswe ngokukhethekileyo ngexesha lokuqala, abafundi okanye amanye amaqela.

Uncedo Olusemthethweni

Ukuba ukholelwa ukuba amalungelo akho okubhalisa aphulwe okanye ujongene nemiqobo yokubhalisa, uncedo olusemthethweni lungafumaneka. Iintlangano ezinjenge-American Civil Liberties Union, iKomiti yowiso-mthetho yamalungelo abantu phantsi koMthetho, kwaye imibutho exhasa amalungelo okuvota ixhasa ngokusemthethweni abantu abajamelene neengxaki zokubhalisa.

ISebe leSigqeba samaLungelo eZiko loLuntu lamkela izikhalazo ezingokwaphulwa kwemithetho yamalungelo orhulumente yokuvota. Ungaqhagamshelana nayo ukuba ukholelwa ukuba urhulumente okanye igunya lasekuhlaleni alivumelani neNVRA okanye nezinye iimfuno zikarhulumente.

Ikamva Lomthetho Wobhaliso Lweziko Leencwadi

Umthetho wokubhalisa uyaqhubeka uguquka njengoonobumba benkqubo, abameli, kunye neenkundla zixabana nemibuzo ngendlela yokulungelelanisa ukufumaneka, ukhuseleko, kunye nolawulo.

Ulwando Oluqhubekayo Lobhaliso Oluzenzekelayo

Ubhaliso oluzenzekelayo lomvoti lusenokuqhubeka lukhula njengoko amazwe amaninzi eziqonda iingenelo zalo ekunyuseni imigangatho yokubhalisa nokuphucula ucoselelo. Noko ke, izahlulo zezobupolitika ku-AVR zingacotha ukuthathelwa kwazo ngokweminye imimandla, kwaye iingxoxo ziya kuqhubeka malunga nokuba ngawaphi amaqumrhu afanele aqukwe kwinkqubo ye-AVR kunye nokukhuselwa okuyimfuneko.

Iingxoxo Eziqhubekayo Ezingaphezulu Kobungqina Bobumi

Iimfuno zobungqina obubhaliweyo bobumi zisenokuhlala zikho iimpikiswano. Abaxhasi baphikisa le mfuneko ukuze bathintele ukuvota ngokungazimiseli, ngoxa abachasi besenza imiqobo engayimfuneko kubemi abafanelekileyo baze bathethe ngengxaki engafumanekiyo. Imingeni yeNkundla yezi mfuneko iya kunceda ekuboneni ukuba ikho njani ikamva labo.

Ubuxhakaxhaka kunye nokuzinziswa

Njengoko iinkqubo zokubhalisa zisiba ngamanani aqhubekekayo, inkxalabo yekhompyutha iza kukhula ngokubaluleka. Ukukhusela isiseko sogcino-lwazi lokuvota ekuxhotyisweni, ukuqinisekisa ukuthembeka kwenkqubo yokubhalisa kwi-intanethi, nokukhusela ubumfiliba bomvoti kuza kufuna ingqalelo eqhubekayo kunye notyalo-mali. Amazwe aya kufuna ukulungelelanisa ulungiso lwenkqubo yamanani kunye namanyathelo okhuseleko aqinileyo.

Ukulungelelaniswa kwesiZwe songenelelo

Ukulungelelaniswa okuphuculiweyo phakathi kwamazwe ekulondolozeni iiroli zovoti kunye nokwabelana ngenkcazelo ngabavoti abahamba benqumla iintambo zikarhulumente kuya kuqhubeka kukhula, nangona iimpikiswano zezobupolitika zisenokuyibangela ibe nzima le migudu. Ukufumana iindlela zokulondoloza iirolokhwe ezichanekileyo ngoxa ukhusela iindawo zobuqu zabavoti nokuthintela ukukhuculwa okungafanelekanga kuya kuhlala kulucelomngeni oluqhubekayo.

Ukuthatha inyathelo: Indlela yokuqinisekisa ukuba ubhalisile kwaye ulungele ukuvota

Ukuqonda umthetho wobhaliso oluvotileyo kubalulekile, kodwa ukuthatha amanyathelo aqinileyo okubhalisa nokugcina ubhaliso lwakho kubalulekile ekusebenziseni ilungelo lakho lokuvota.

Khangela ubume bobhaliso lwakho

Uqikelelo rhoqo ukuba ubhaliso lomvoti luchanile. Uninzi lwamazwe lunika izixhobo ze Internet ukuqinisekisa ukuba ubhalisile kusini na. Qinisekisa ukuba igama lakho, idilesi, kunye nezinye iinkcukacha zichanile, kwaye hlaziya ubhaliso lwakho ukuba uthuthile okanye utshintshe igama lakho.

Bhalisa Kusekuseni

Musa ukulinda de ixesha lokubhalisa lifike. Bhalisa ngokukhawuleza kangangoko kunokwenzeka ukuqinisekisa ukuba naziphi na iingxaki zingasombululwa phambi kokudlula kwexesha. Ukuba imeko yakho inika ubhaliso kwi Internet, sebenzisa olu khetho lulungileyo.

Hlaziya Ubhaliso Lwakho Xa Uhamba

Yenza ulungiso lobhaliso lomvoti lube yinxenye yendlela yakho yokuhamba. Enoba uyahamba ngaphaya kwelizwe okanye uhla nje esitratweni, qinisekisa ukuba ubhaliso lwakho lubonakalisa idilesi yakho yangoku ukuze ufumane ulwazi lwevoti olulungileyo kwaye ungavota kwindawo yokuvota efanelekileyo.

Nceda abanye babhalise

Yabelana nabahlobo, intsapho namalungu asekuhlaleni. Nceda uqinisekise ukuba wonke umntu okwisangqa sakho uyayiqonda indlela yokubhalisa kwaye unezinto eziyimfuneko ukuze abhalise. Cinga ngokusebenza ngokuzithandela ngemdla wokubhalisa ukuze uncede ufikelele kwingingqi yakho.

Hlala Usazi Iinguqulelo

Imithetho yokubhalisa kunye neenkqubo zingatshintsha. Hlala waziswe ngenkqubela-phambili yemeko yakho enokuthi ichaphazele iimfuno zokubhalisa, amaxesha okufika kwexesha, okanye iinkqubo. Landela imithombo yeendaba ethembekileyo kunye neofisi yonyulo karhulumente wakho ukuze uhlaziye.

Wazi Amalungelo Akho

Lazi amalungelo akho phantsi komthetho karhulumente norhulumente. Ukuba udibana neengxaki zokubhaliswa okanye ukholelwa ukuba amalungelo akho aphulwe, musa ukuthandabuza ukufuna uncedo kumagosa onyulo, imibutho yoncedo olusemthethweni, okanye kumaqela okuvota. Ilungelo lakho lokuvota lingundoqo, kwaye kukho oovimba abaninzi abaza kukunceda ukukhusela.

Isiphelo: Ubhaliso loMsebenzi njengeNdlela yokuThathathi-nxaxheba kweDemocratic

Ukubhalisa kweVoter kusebenza njengesango elibalulekileyo lokuthabatha inxaxheba kwidemokhrasi eUnited States. Iinkqubo ezisemthethweni ezilawula ukubhaliswa kobhaliso zibonakalisa imigudu eqhubekayo yokulungelelanisa iinjongo ezininzi ezibalulekileyo: ukuqinisekisa ukuba bonke abemi abafanelekileyo bangabhaliswa lula baze bavote, bagcine iiroli ezichanekileyo zovotelo, bathintele ubuqhophololo, kwaye baqhube kakuhle unyulo.

Imithetho yomanyano, ingakumbi iSigqeba soMgaqo-siseko weSizwe, imisela ukhuseleko kunye neemfuno ezisisiseko ezisebenza ngaphaya kwamazwana amaninzi, ngeli xesha imithetho karhulumente idibanisa iinkcukacha ezongezelelekileyo kunye neenguqu ezibonakalisa izinto ezikhethwayo kunye nezinto eziza kuqala. Olu manyano lorhulumente luye lwayila inkqubo yokubhalisa eyathi, phezu kwayo nje intsokothile yayo kunye neempikiswano eziqhubekayo, ivumela izigidi zamaMelika ukuba zibhalise kwaye zibe nenxaxheba kunyulo.

Umhlaba womthetho wokuvota uyaqhubeka uguquka, kunye nezinye izithuba ezikhulayo zokungena ngokutsha njengokubhalisa okuzenzekelayo kunye nobhaliso lwamihla enye, ngoxa ezinye zizalisekisa iimfuno ezingqongqo egameni lonyulo. Ezi ndlela zikhuphisanayo zibonisa ukungavumelani okungundoqo ngokulungelelana okufanelekileyo phakathi kokufikelela nokhuseleko, kunye nobungakanani bendalo kunye nomlinganiselo wesongelo ekunyulweni kwengqibelelo.

Kubemi ngabanye, ukuqonda indlela esebenza ngayo ukuvota kwamalungelo anikelwa ngumthetho ukuze ungenelele ngokunempumelelo kwidemokhrasi. Ngokwazi iimfuno zokubhalisa, iinjongo zokugqiba ixesha, iindlela ezikhoyo, nangokuqonda imigaqo ekhuselwa ngumthetho, abemi abafanelekileyo bayakwazi ukubhalisa ngokunempumelelo kwaye baqinisekise ukuba amazwi abo avakala kunyulo.

Njengoko iingxoxo eziphathelele inkqubo yokuvota iqhubeka, umgaqo osisiseko uhlala ucacile: kwidemokhrasi, ilungelo lokuvota lixabisekile, kwaye inkqubo yokubhalisa kufuneka ikulungele kunokuphazamisa ukusebenzisa elo lungelo ngabemi abafanelekileyo. Nokuba ngomthetho wesizwe, utshintsho lukarhulumente, izigqibo zenkundla, okanye ngemiqathango yengca, imigudu eqhubekayo yokuphucula iinkqubo zokuvota izimisele ukwenza lo mgaqo ube yinto yokwenene kubo bonke abantu baseMerika.

Imicimbi yakho yokuthabatha inxaxheba. Ngokubhalisa kwivoti, ngokuhlala wazi ngamalungelo akho, nangokunceda abanye basebenzise inkqubo yokubhalisa, ufak' isandla kwidemokhrasi eyomelele ngakumbi, equka bonke abantu. Imithetho ekhusela ilungelo lakho lokubhalisa nokuvota ikho ngenxa yokuba izizukulwana zamaMerika zabalwela ngokuwalwela, “‘ imbeko leyo lifa ngokusebenzisa amalungelo akho nangokunceda ukuqinisekisa ukuba bonke abemi abafanelekileyo bangenza okufanayo.