Ukwazisa: Indlela Yomthetho Ezweni Lonke

Ibutho ngalinye lanamhlanje lixhomekeke kwinkqubo ecwangcisiweyo yokuyila nokulungisa imithetho yalo. Le nkqubo, eyaziwa njengenkqubo yowiso-mthetho, iguqula ingcamango yenkqubo ``engurhulumente, ipalamente, isicelo sommi, okanye iqela loxinzelelo(ukugunyazisa ngokusemthethweni). Ngoxa amacandelo angundoqo ezicelo, ingcebiso, imvume, kunye nokumiswa kwemithetho ekhoyo emalunga nemithetho yayo, iqhelekene kakhulu, imigaqo-nkqubo yezomthetho. Le nkqubo inika uvavanyo oludityanisiweyo lwemimiselo yesizwe nganye, izithethe zembali, kunye nolungelelaniso lwamandla phakathi kwamasebe karhulumente. Kubafundi, nabemi ababotshelelwayo, ukuqonda indlela eziba ngayo imithetho kumazwe ahlukeneyo, imfuneko yokuba kuqonde nje indlela imithetho esetyenziswa ngayo kodwa nendlela esetyenziswa ngayo. Eli nqaku linikela uvavanyo oluzinzileyo, imigaqo-Gromany, i-United States, i-Grinean, kunye nemigaqo ekhuthaza ukusetyenziswa kwemithetho e-ethe, i-Japan, kunye ne-Japan, imigaqo ekhuthazayo.

Inkqubo Yomthetho eUnited States

I-United States isebenza phantsi kwenkqubo yomongameli wesizwe neBhunga leMibutho eliyiNdlu yabameli (435, eyabiwe ngabemi) kunye neNdlu yeeNyanga (amalungu ali-100, amabini kwiphondo ngalinye). Ukwahlulwa kwamagunya kunika uMongameli indima ebalulekileyo ngamandla. Uhambo lwemali yequmrhu lesizwe lunemiba emininzi kwaye lude ngokufuthi.

  • I-Introduction: Umthetho uveliswa lilungu leBhunga kwigumbi ngalinye. Umphathi wegumbi elilawulayo uyibeka kwikomiti enegunya phezu kombandela.
  • [[NTL:0] Isenzo seCommittee: Ikomiti (okanye ikomiti encinci)/indawo evalwayo, iingxoxo, kunye neevoti zokuba ingayichaza kakuhle na ityala. Inkoliso yamatyala ifa kwikomiti. Ingxelo yemali ikhatshwa yingxelo ebhaliweyo echaza injongo yayo.
  • [[NTL:0] Ingxoxo ye-Floor and Vote: Endlungwini, ingxoxo isoloko ilinganiselwe yiKomiti yemithetho. KwiBhunga leNtlanganiso, idla ngokungabi namda ngaphandle kokuba ihlwili iyabizwa (kuvunywa amavoti angama-60). Abaququzeleli bangafumana i-filibbuster, balibazise okanye bavimbe ivoti. Ngesinye isihlandlo baphikisana, amavoti egumbini kwincwadi.
  • [[NTL:0] Igumbi elidityanisiweyo: Ukuba ireyithi idlula elinye igumbi, iya kwelinye. Igumbi lilandela imigaqo yalo. Ukuba igumbi lesibini lidlulisa uhlobo olwahlukileyo, ikomiti yengqungquthela (idibanisa amalungu akwiziqengqelo zombini) iyakuvumelanisa umahluko. Ingxelo yenkomfa mayivunywe ngawo omabini amagumbi.
  • Isenzo somthetho somthetho esibhalisiweyo: Isixa sokubhalisela sithunyelwa kuMongameli. UMongameli angasayisayina kumthetho, iveto (yibuyise ngochaso), okanye ayivumele ukuba ibe ngumthetho ngaphandle kosayino emva kweentsuku ezilishumi (iiCawa ezisusiweyo). Ukuba iBhunga lithenjiwe kwaye uMongameli akatyiki, ipokotho iyenzeka. Ingqungquthela ingayidlulisa i-'isibini-3-3 kaninzi kwigumbi ngalinye.

Inkqubo ye-U.S. igxininisa uhlolo kunye nolungelelwano. Inkqubo yekomiti ivumela uhlalutyo olukhethekileyo, ngeli lixa iveto kunye nokugqitha amalungiselelo enyanzelo kulalanisa. Kwimeko enegunya, bona Ikhompathiso ye-[FOLT].gov kwinkqubo yowiso-mthetho.

Inkqubo Yomthetho EUnited Kingdom

IBhunga loManyano linenkqubo yepalamente phantsi kolawulo lomgaqo-siseko. Ipalamente yi-bamaral: Indlu yamaQela (emiselwe) neNdlu yamaLords (emiselwe kwaye efuyiwe). Urhulumente (ophetheyo) ukhutshwa kwiPalamente aze aphendule. Umthetho omninzi uvela kurhulumente, nangona amalungu azimeleyo ekwazi ukuhlawula amatyala.

  • [[UMTL: 0] Ufundo lokuqala: Ityala liqaliswe ngokusesikweni; akukho ngxoxo okanye ivoti eyenzekayo. Isihloko siyafundwa kwaye ityala liyalelwa ukuba lishicilelwe.
  • [[UMTL: 0] Ukufunda okuhlanganisiweyo: Yonke indlu iphikisana ngemigaqo jikelele yetyala. Akukho zinguquko zenziwa kweliqonga. ivoti igqiba ukuba ityala liphumile na.
  • [[NTL:0] Committee Stage: Ikomiti yezandla zomlomo kawonke-wonke (idla ngokuba 16-50 MPs) ihlola igalelo lemali ngemiba, iqwalasela ukubuyiselwa. Kwiindleko ezinentsingiselo ephezulu, yonke indlu ingasebenza njengeKomiti yeWonke.
  • Ingxelo yoTshato: Ikomiti inika ingxelo emva kwiNdlu. Izilungiso ezithe vetshe zingacetyiswa kwaye zixoxwe.
  • Comment=Uguqulelo lokugqibela luxatyiswa; luncinci, ulungiso lobugcisa luvumelekile. Indlu ivota nokuba ingawudlulisa na uxwebhu.
  • Indlu yaBalawuli: Imithetho ihamba ngamanqanaba afanayo kwiNkosi. INkosi ingacima okanye ingawachasi amatyala, kodwa ukususela kwiPalamente IZenzo zo1911 no1949, iNdlela eQhelekileyo ingayiphelisa inkcaso yoLord emva kokulibaziseka.
  • [[UMTL: 0] I-Assance e-Royal: Ukumkani uyayivumela ngokusesikweni ityala (le yi-wildism). Ityala liba nguMthetho wePalamente.

I-Dvolution yongeza ubunkimbinkimbi: iPalamente yaseScotts, i-Cymru (iPalamente yeWelsh), kunye neNdibano ye-Northern Ireland isingatha imicimbi emininzi yasekhaya. Inkqubo ye-UK iphawuleka ngesantya sayo esinxulumeneyo ekuzalisekiseni umthetho karhulumente, kodwa khangela umthetho wesibini (izixhobo zokufundisa) onokudlula impikiswano epheleleyo. Iinkcukacha ezininzi zikhona kwi-UK isikhokelo sePalamente yemiqathango nemithetho yemiqathango.

Inkqubo Yomthetho EJamani

IJamani yiparamente yepalamente enendlu yowiso-mthetho ye-badamaral: iBundestag (enyulwe ngokungqalileyo) kunye neBundesrat (emela oorhulumente abali-16 beLänder). Inkqubo yowiso-mthetho yenziwa yinkqubo yolawulo kunye nemfuneko yentsebenziswano.

  • Ukurhweba noTshintsho: Imali-mali ezininzi zibhaliswe ngurhulumente worhulumente worhulumente. Okanye, iindleko zingaziswa liqela lamalungu eBundestag (ukusuka kwiqela elinye okanye 5% yamalungu) okanye yiBundesrat. Iindleko zikarhulumente zihamba kuqala ukuya kwiBoundesrat ukuze kugqalwe, emva koko kwiBoundstag.
  • Ufundo lokuqala kwiBoundestag: Umthetho uyaveliswa, imigaqo jikelele iyaxoxwa, kwaye ibhekiswa kwikomiti enye okanye ezininzi.
  • Impinda yeNkqutyana: Ikomiti ekhokelayo (kunye mhlawumbi nezinye iikomiti) ihlola ityala ngokweenkcukacha. Iindlebe zikawonke-wonke zingabanjwa. Ikomiti incomela ukurhoxiswa kunye neengxelo ezibuyayo.
  • [[UMTL:0] Ukufunda okuqulethweyo: Ingxoxo yomgangatho wetyala njengelilungisiweyo yikomiti. Izilungiso ezithe vetshe zingacetywa.
  • Ukufunda: ingxoxo yokugqibela kunye nevoti. Ukuba ityala linento yeLänder (ezininzi ze), ivoti yeBundestag ilandelwa yi-headral kwi-Bundesrat.
  • [[NTL:0] I-Boundesrat Involution: IBoundesrat ingavuma, into (ukuba ngumthetho "ongagunyaziswanga”), okanye kwezinye iimeko kufuneka ivume (imithetho ebhaliweyo). Iinjongo zingangangachatshazelwa yi-Bundestag ngevoti enkulu. Ukuba ikomiti yesivumelwano iyafuneka, icebisa ukulalanisa.
  • [[UMTL:0] uMongameli oPhakathi: UMongameli uhlolisisa ityala lokuthobela komgaqo-siseko nemiqondiso yalo. UMongameli akafane aphendulise kwimiqathango kodwa angala ukuba ngaba umthetho uyawonakalisa uMthetho osisiseko.

Inkqubo yeJamani iqinisekisa ukuba izilangazelelo zeLänder zimelwe. Amandla kaBundesrat axhomekeke kuhlobo lomthetho obhaliweyo (ngokwawo achaphazela imali okanye ulawulo) afuna uvumo lwawo; amanye anokuba lungathandeki. Amanyathelo adweliswe kakuhle abhalwe yi [ iBoundstag [

Inkqubo Yomthetho EKhanada

IKhanada inenkqubo yepalamente yequmrhu elinomgaqo-siseko. Ipalamente iquka iNdlu yamaQela (ekhethwe, enamalungu angama-338) kunye neNdlu yeeNtsimikazi (emiselwe, enamaqumrhu alishumi elinesine). IRhuluneli Jikelele yenza umsebenzi wobukumkani wokumvumela umlawuli. Inkoliso yeendleko ivela kwiNdlu yamaCommons.

  • [[UMTL:0] Ukufunda kokuqala: Imali ivezwe kwaye ishicilelwe, kungekho ngxoxo okanye ivoti.
  • Ufundo olupheleleyo: Umgaqo wemali uyaphikisana. Ivoti igqiba ukuba ityala liqhubekeka na kwikomiti.
  • Committee Stage: Ikomiti emileyo okanye ekhethekileyo ihlola icandelo lemali ngomtya. AmaNgqina angangqina, kwaye kulungiswe. Ikomiti inikela ingxelo yemali, kunye okanye ngaphandle kokulungisa.
  • Ingxelo yoTshato: Indlu iqwalasela ingxelo yekomiti. Izilungiso ezongezelelweyo zingacetyiswa (ngokuqhelekileyo ngumphathiswa okanye unobhala wepalamente).
  • Ukufunda okuphindwe kabini: ingxoxo yokugqibela kunye nevoti kwimali njengelungisiweyo. Ziindlela zobugcisa ezincinci kuphela ezivunyelwayo.
  • [[NKQUBO:0] IBhunga leNdlu yeNtlanganiso: Le mithetho ihamba ngamanqanaba afanayo kwiNdlu yeQela (yokuqala, ukufunda okwesibini, ikomiti, ingxelo, ufundo lwesithathu). IBhunga linokuphelisa okanye lilahle amatyala, kodwa ngenxa yokuba lingakhethwanga, alifane liloyise amatyala karhulumente.
  • [[UMTL: 0] I-Asspect e-Moyal:[[FT:1] IRhuluneli Jikelele (okanye isekela) iphawula ityala, ilenza libe ngumthetho.

Inkqubo yaseKhanada iyafana ne-UK kodwa inendlu ephezulu emiselwe ngokupheleleyo. Urhulumente ulawula ucwangciso lwemithetho kwiCommons. Ukucocwa kungaphelisa intlanganiso kwaye kubulale amatyala ajikeleyo. Ukuze ufumane ulwazi olungakumbi, bona iPalamente – The Legislative Programme.

Inkqubo Yomthetho EFransi

IFransi yirepublic emalunga nephondo elincinane nePalamente: iNdibano yesiZwe (enyulwe ngokungqalileyo) kunye neNtlanganiso (enyuliweyo ngokungqalileyo). Urhulumente unamagunya anamandla okumisela iingxube, kwaye uMongameli angayichitha iNdibano yesiZwe aze abize i-astendendums.

  • Ukuqukunjelwa: IiBhili (projets de loi) zibhaliswe ngurhulumente. Iindleko zamalungu afihlakeleyo (iiproces de loi) zinokuveliswa. IBhunga loRhulumente lihlola iindleko zikarhulumente zohlobo olusemthethweni.
  • [[UMTL: 0] Iintshumayelo kunye neNjongo yeKomiti: Imali ithunyelwa kwikomiti enxulumene nendlu eyakhiweyo (ngokwesithethe iNdibano yesiZwe ukwenzela owona mthetho uninzi).
  • [[UMTL: 0] Uhlolo lweCommittee: Ikomiti ihlola ityala, iyalungisa, kwaye imisela ulwalamano. Ukuva kunokwenzeka.
  • [[UMTL:0] Impikiswano edityanisiweyo: Lo mqathango uxutyushwa kufundo olunye (okanye, ngokungakumbi, kuxhomekeke kungxamiseko). Urhulumente angasebenzisa izixhobo ezingqongqo zokunika ixesha, ezifana “nevoti evaliweyo,” ukulinganisela ukulungiswa.
  • I- I-Vote: Indlu ivota kwimali yomthetho njengolungiso. Ukuba idlula, iya kwenye indlu.
  • Navate (Inqanawa):[[FTL:1] Izithuthi zemali phakathi kwezindlu de zombini zidlulise umbhalo ofanayo. Ukuba akukho sivumelwano sifikelelwayo emva kokufunda kabini kwindlu nganye (okanye enye ukuba iyangxamiseka), uMphathiswa oyintloko angahlanganisa ikomiti edityanisiweyo (i-paratorie) ukucebisa ulalaniso. Ukuba oko kuyangaphumeleli, iNdibano yesiZwe inegama lokugqibela.
  • Impinda yeConstigal: Phambi kokuchaza, ityala lingabhekiswa kwiBhunga lomGaqo-siseko ukuze lihlolwe, mhlawumbi ngokuzenzekelayo (imithetho yequmrhu) okanye ngesicelo sikaMongameli, uMphathiswa, okanye ama-60 epalamente.
  • [[UMTL:0] Ingxelo: UMongameli ubonakalisa umthetho ngeentsuku ezilishumi elinesihlanu. UMongameli akanako ukucela uphando lwesibini.

Inkqubo yeFransi ithenjiswa: urhulumente angabeka ityala lakhe elincinane aze amisele ukulibaziseka kwepalamente. Indima enamandla yegunya elipheleleyo lesigqeba esiphetheyo neNdibano yeSizwe xa kunokwenzeka ukuba ikho intloko-moya. Iinkcukacha ezongezelelekileyo zikhona kwiNdibano yohlanga yase Fransi[.

Inkqubo Yomthetho EJapan

IJapan inolawulo lwepalamente olunomgaqo-siseko olune-bamaral Diet: Indlu yabameli (indlu esezantsi) neNdlu yamaBhunga (indlu ephezulu). Indlu yabameli inamandla kakhulu; iyakwazi ukubeka indlu ephezulu kwimicimbi emininzi.

  • Ukungenisa noTshintsho: Inkoliso yemali inikezelwa yiKhabhinethi (urhulumente). Amalungu ngamanye aDiet angazisa amatyala, kodwa amatyala eKhabhinethi angalawula.
  • ICandelo leCommittee: Imali inikwa ikomiti emileyo kwindlu apho iziswa khona. Ikomiti ihlolisisa ityala, ibambe iindlebe, kwaye ingavota kwii-antelling.
  • [[FLT: 0] Committee Vote: Ukuba ikomiti igqithisa ityala, lixelwa kwintlanganiso yeqonga.
  • [[UMTL:0] Ingxoxo ecacileyo nevote: Ingxoxo emfutshane iyenzeka, ilandelwa yivoti. Ukuba igqithisiwe, ityala lisiya kwenye indlu.
  • Indlu yesibini ilandela ikomiti efanayo kunye nenkqubo yeplanga. Ukuba iyalungisa ityala, ikomiti edityanisiweyo ingaqukwa. Ukuba izindlu azivumelani, iNdlu yabameli ingayigqitha iNdlu yamaBhunga ngokugatya ngenani eliphindwe kabini.
  • Iprojekthi: Umlawuli ukhupha umthetho ngeentsuku ezingama-30. Le nto sisenzo sesithethe esingenawo amandla.

Inkqubo kaDiet yaseJapan ilawulwa kakhulu yiKhabhinethi kunye neqela elilawulayo. Iintlanganiso zomthetho ziyalungiswa, kunye namatyala angamiswanga ekupheleni kwentlanganiso (ngaphandle kokuthwalwa). Oku kwenza imeko-bume ephezulu. Indlu yaBameli baseJapan [ inikeza iinkcazelo ze-procedtural.

Uhlalutyo oluthelekisayo lwenkqubo yomthetho

Inkqubo ye-Unicameral

Wonke amazwe ahlolwayo apha yi-bidamaral, kodwa amazwe amaninzi (umz., New Zealand, Sweden, uninzi lwamazwe ase-U.S.) anezindlu zowiso-mthetho ezingoonameral. I-Bimeralism inika uvavanyo olongezelelweyo kwaye ivumela umelo lwezilangazelelo ezahlukeneyo (ngokomzekelo, umelo lwengingqi kwiBoundesrat neBhunga lase-U.S. Ngoko, iphinde yongeze ukuntsonkotha kunye namandla okubulala. Isixokelelwano somjelo wemijelo-o-o-omericaline sinikel umelo kodwa sinike amandla.

Indima yoMlawuli

Impembelelo yesebe eliphetheyo ekwenzeni umthetho iyahluka kakhulu. Kwinkqubo yomongameli (U.S.), uMongameli akanakuwazisa ngqo amatyala kodwa usebenzisa iveto enamandla. Kwisixokelelwano sepalamente (UK, Canada, Japan, Japhane), urhulumente ulawula imimiselo yemithetho kwaye usoloko wakha ii-odoli ezinkulu; amatyala adluliselwa ngokukhawuleza xa urhulumente enesininzi. Inkqubo yeFransi emalunga angaphambili inika uMongameli amandla kunye negunya lokukhupha imvume, ngelixa urhulumente enokuthi anyanzelele amatyala ngezixhobo zokulawula iprografikthi. I-Rhavini kunye noMphathi-mikhosi yaseKhana uyakwazi ukukhupha amatyala ngezixhobo zomthetho ngokufanayo.

ISebe libonise ukuba

Iikomiti ze-U.S. zingundoqo wophando lwemithetho kuzo zonke iinkqubo, kodwa amandla azo ayahluka. Kwi-U.S., iikomiti zingawabulala ngokunempumelelo amatyala; kwi-UK, iikomiti azinamandla kangako ngokunxulumene nomgangatho. Iikomiti zamaJamani zinempembelelo engakumbi kwimicimbi yobugcisa. Iikomiti zaseKhanada zisebenza lula ngokuzimeleyo kuneekomiti zamaFrentshi kodwa iikomiti zamafulentshi zinokulinciphisa ixesha lazo. Iikomiti zamatyala zilawulwa liqela elilawulayo. Ubunzulu bendlebe zikawonke bukwahluka ngo-----20.

Imigaqo-nkqubo Yohlaziyo

Indlela eziveliswa ngayo izilungisi zize ziqwalaselwe njengomthetho wokugqibela. Kwi-U.S., utshintsho ludla ngokucetyiswa kwikomiti nakumgangatho; iBhahati ivumela utshintsho olungenasiphelo kwezinye iimeko. Kwi-UK, iinguquko zijoliswe kwikomiti nakwimigangatho yengxelo. IJamani ivumela ulungiso kufundo lwesibini nolwesithathu. IFransi isebenzisa “uvoti ethintelweyo” (i-'' bloqué) ukwamkela kuphela ii-antements. IJapan ithintela ukubuyiselwa kwikomiti kunye nemigangatho yengxelo.

Ukunconywa Kwegunya Nokungasebenzisi Umatshini

Isigaba sokugqibela sokwenza umthetho sibandakanya intloko karhulumente okanye urhulumente. Kwinkqubo yomongameli, umphathi ophetheyo (Mongameli wase-U.S.) angarhoxa aze angabi naluvo oluphezulu ngenkqubo yemithetho. Kwimithetho yepalamente, ukumkani okanye irhuluneli jikelele ngokusemthethweni ibhalelwe, kodwa oku kuzenzekela. EFransi, uMongameli ipromulgedi kodwa angacela ingxubusho yesibini. EJapan, uMlawuli upromuldies ngokwesithethe. Umongameli waseJamani uyakwazi ukula ukulwa ngenxa yezizathu zomGaqo-siseko kuphela. Umgangatho wemikhosi unamandla olawulayo unamandla kakhulu kwiU.S., ubonakalisa ukwahlukana kwamandla.

Ukuthabatha Inxaxheba Kuwonke Wonke Nokubonisa ngaphaya Kweliso

Kumashumi eminyaka akutshanje, izikhululo ezininzi zendlu yowiso-mthetho zivule iinkqubo zazo. Ukuqukuqela kweengxoxo, ukusetyenziswa kwe-intanethi yezixhobo zentelekelelo, kunye neenkqubo zokuphinda iziganeko ziqheleke. IKhomishini ye-U.S. inika i-projekthi ebanzi yokulandelela (i-conrefer.gov). I-UK inekomiti yezibongozo enokuthi imeme iingxoxo. I-Canada inikela uluvo lwe-intanethi lwempembelelo engqalileyo yabemi kwimithetho. Noko ke, iqondo lommi kumgangatho wesizwe (Swtitzerland linqabile). Intsingiselo yokubonakala okungakumbi iyaqhubeka, kodwa ulawulo oluphezulu kwiinkqubo zepalamente lusoloko lumisela imiqathango kawonke kwiziphumo zonyulo kunye nokukhuthaza ucotho.

Iingxaki Notshintsho Kwinkqubo Yomthetho

Phezu kwalo nje ubuchule bazo, zonke iinkqubo zowiso-mthetho zijongene nocelomngeni oluphindwayo. I-Gridlock − ingakumbi kwi-U.S. ngenxa yokuthamba kwe-Rocentiant kunye ne-monibbuster yamatyala ayimfuneko. Igunya lequmrhu lenzeka xa oorhulumente begqitha ipalamente ngomthetho ogunyazisiweyo. Kwi-UK, ukusetyenziswa kwe- “magunya e-Henry VIIIII” (ukuvumela abalungisele abalungiseleli ukuba bagqibe umthetho osisiseko ngesixhobo se-state yomthetho) kubangele ukugxekwa. EFransi, ukusetyenziswa kweQumgaqo 49.3 komGaqo-siseko ukunyanzela ukudlulisa ngaphandle kwevoti (ukungahambi ntshukumo esemthethweni) kuthanda ukuphikisa. Iqela leqela lesizwe lesizwe nentlanganiso emfutshane elilawulayo, iintlanganiso zemali ezithenengxaki ze-grona. ICanada ijongene kuvuso sihlanelo-mali e-ezwanobugconstal

Izindululo zotshintsho ziquka ukuqinisa indima yokuxilonga kukawonke-wonke, ukumisela imigaqo-siseko elawulayo, nokunyusa inkululeko yekomiti. Izinto ezintsha zamanani, ezifana nokuvota nge-elektroniki kunye nokulungisa i-intanethi, ziye zaphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kodwa hayi ukulingana komgangatho wedemokhrasi. Ukulungelelanisa phakathi kokusebenza kakuhle nokucingela kuhlala kusesona siseko siphambili ekuyilweni kwemithetho.

Isiphelo

Inkqubo yowiso-mthetho ikude kakhulu kwinkqubo enye, ye-yunifomu. Njengoko olu hlalutyo lubonisa, indlela esuka kwimithetho ukuya kwenye ijoliswe kumthetho ibunjwe yinkqubo yomgaqo-siseko, inkcubeko yezobupolitika, kunye nendaleko yembali. EUnited States, uhlolo kunye nolungelelwaniso lwenkqubo yamabhongo kodwa edla ngokuphikisanayo. Kwi-United Kingdom nase Canada, ulawulo lwezilawuli kwisixokelelwano sepalamente luvumela ukumiswa kwemithetho ekhawulezileyo, okudityaniswe ngokuhlola iikomiti kunye nendlu ephezulu. Umgaqo-mikhosi yeJamani wongeza umaleko wemvume yengingqi yengingqi yengingqi yephondo. Inkqubo ye-Fransi encinane ephambili yegunya lesizwe inika amandla okuqhuba umthetho. Ikhompatho ye-comenti ye-demidiod Diet ephakanywe ngentelonye.

Ukuqonda le migaqo kubalulekile kubafundisi-mfundo abafundisa amanyathelo oluntu kunye nezobupolitika zothelekiso, kuba abafundi befunda indlela amandla asebenza ngayo, nakubemi abafuna ukudibana ngokunentsingiselo nezindlu zabo zowiso-mthetho. Akukho nkqubo ifezekileyo, kwaye ubuso obuqhubekayo buneenzame zokuguqula. Isifundo esingundoqo sikukuba inkqubo yowiso-mthetho asiyonkqubo yobuchule nje elandelelanayo yamanyathelo . "Iyimbonakaliso yemilinganiselo esisiseko yelizwe malunga nokuba ngubani omele abe namandla, indlela izigqibo ezimele zenziwe ngayo, nendlela izilangazelelo zabantu ezimelelwa ngayo. Ngokufunda indlela irhafuthelo eqhubekayo, sizuza uxabiso olunzulu ngayo ukuntsonko nokungagocimeki kwedemo-demokhrasi.