Unyulo lwengingqi luyindawo ephambili nebonakalayo yolawulo-moya lwabameli, ukanti ludla ngokugqunywa luphawu lwezitrato zobumongameli okanye lwezizwe ezizimeleyo. Ngoxa ezopolitiko zesizwe zilawula imixholo yeendaba nezosasazo zentlalo-ntle, izigqibo ezenziwa kumagumbi eebhunga, iintlanganiso zezikhululo zesikolo, kunye neekomishini yephondo zinempembelelo ekhawulezileyo nebonakalayo kubomi bakho bemihla ngemihla. Ukusukela kumgangatho wokusela kwakho amanzi akhuseleke ezitratweni zakho, kunye nezifundo zemfundo ezifundiswayo kwizikolo zabantwana bakho, unyulo lwasekuhlaleni lumisela iinkqubo zenkquluze nemali ezibumbanisa ibutho lenu. Ukuqonda ukubaluleka kwalo alukho nje uqeqesho olusebenzayo kwimicimbi yemihla ngemihla yakho. Kukho nabani nabani na ofuna ukuthetha ngendlela elumelwane, idolophu okanye isixeko, okanye isixeko esihlala kulo lonke inani lasekuhlaleni, ukungenelela ukufikelela kwemibutho yabantu, kwaye awaziseluthelela ukungenelela, ukuva, kwaye awazise.

Ukuqonda Iminyulo Yasekuhlaleni

Unyulo lwengingqi luquka uludwe olubanzi lwee-ofisi olwahluka-hlukeneyo ngorhulumente nomasipala. Obona bukhulu beendawo eziqhelekileyo ziquka oosodolophu, amalungu ebhunga lengingqi, ookhomishinala bephondo, abameli besikolo, amagqwetha esithili, kunye nabagwebi. Kwimimandla emininzi, abavoti bakwagqiba kwimiqathango yengingqi yethala leqela leqela leqela lesizwe. Ngokunjalo njengemiba yezikolo ezintsha, ukubhalisa iinguqu, okanye ukuhlawula irhafunqulelo-mali (*) ezichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo iinkonzo zikawonke kunye nenkqubela-ntle yasekuhlaleni. Imijikelo yemida yezikhundla yalemida yeminyaka engaqhelekanga, kunokuba iwe, okanye kwimihla ekwimitshatoovoti, ekhokelela ekubeni kunyusombululo olusezantsi. Olu cwangciso lonyulo luthetha ukuba abavotiweyo ababonise impembelelo yasekuhlaleni kunye nokhetho basekuhlaleni.

Indima Karhulumente Wasekuhlaleni

Oorhulumente basekuhlaleni baphethe iinkonzo ezahlukahlukeneyo abahlala kuzo abaxhomekeke kuzo yonke imihla.

  • Ukhuseleko lobuPublic kunye nokugcinwa komthetho – amasebe amapolisa, iinkonzo zomlilo, ukuphendula kobungxamiseko, kunye nemithetho yasekuhlaleni
  • Ingeniso kunye nenkxaso-mali yesikolo – uqingqo-mali lwezikolo zikawonke-wonke, imivuzo yootitshala, imigangatho yoqeqesho, kunye nokugcinwa kwesibonelelo
  • Ugcino-lwazi kunye nophuhliso – iindlela, iibhulorho, uthutho lukawonke-wonke, iinkqubo zamanzi kunye nokhulo lomda wenqanawe, kunye nolwando lwemibhobho ebanzi
  • Impilo entle nenkqubo yokwenza utshintsho, uhlolo lwezempilo, kunye neekliniki zoluntu
  • IiParks kunye neenkonzo zokuzonwabisa – iipaki zikawonke-wonke, amaziko oluntu, ii-atlanti zemidlalo, kunye nogcino lwesithuba esiluhlaza
  • Usetyenziso lwelizwe nokulungisa indawo – uphuhliso lwezindlu, imvume zorhwebo, ukhuseleko lwemekobume, kunye nocwangciso lwedolophana

Ilungu ngalinye kwezi ndawo lichaphazela indlela yokuphila ephawulekayo ekuhlaleni. Ngokomzekelo, isigqibo sequmrhu lesikolo sokusika imali yobugcisa singaguqula amava emfundo esizukulwana, ngoxa ukuvota kwebhunga lesixeko kusenokukhuthaza izindlu ezinokufikeleleka okanye kuthintele. Unyulo lwasekuhlaleni luyindlela abahlali abanokulawula ngayo ezi zigqibo zibalulekileyo.

Impembelelo Yonyulo Lwasekuhlaleni

Impembelelo yonyulo lwasekuhlaleni idlulela ngaphaya kwebhokisi yokuvota. Abantu abanyulwa kwiiofisi zasekuhlaleni ngabo baguqulela iinjongo zenkqubo ezibanzi kwizenzo eziqinileyo ezichaphazela abamelwane ngesiseko semihla ngemihla. Nazi ezinye zezona ndawo zilandelayo apho unyulo lubumba khona ubomi:

Ukufuduswa kweZibonelelo Nezinto Ezibalulekileyo Kuqingqo-mali

Iinkokeli zoluntu zigqiba kwelokuba zibonelele indlela yokusasaza imali yezikolo, iindlela, ukhuseleko lukawonke-wonke, iipaki, kunye neenkonzo zoluntu. Ukutshintsha kwibhunga lesixeko kungathetha imali eninzi kumapolisa okanye, ngokuchasene noko, ukuthunyelwa kwemali kwiinkqubo zokuthintelwa kogonyamelo olusekelwe kuluntu. Uqingqo-mali olufanayo lokuba imali ilungise iyakugubungela iinkqubo zobutsha ezisezikolweni. Imali nganye inemali eninzi exhasa ukusetyenziswa kwemali, kwaye naluphi naluphi ukhetho lugqiba ukuba ziziphi izinto eziphambili ezixhaswayo.

Umelo nobulungisa

Amagosa aqatshelweyo amela izilangazelelo zabantu bawo, eqinisekisa ukuba amalizwi asekuhlaleni aphantsi okanye angaphantsi kwemiqathango, ngokunjalo amaqela aphantsi okanye angaphantsi kolawulo, aviwe. Xa umvoti ephantsi, uvoti uthanda ukuba ndala, umhlophe, kwaye utyebile kunabemi jikelele, ithetha ukuba izigqibo zenkqubo zisenokungabonisi iimfuno zoluntu olupheleleyo. Ukungachani kwemibutho namabhunga kukhokelela kwiziphumo ezithe tyeleleneyo ezithe ngqo kwizindlu, ulawulo, kunye nenkqubela-zoqoqosho. Unyulo lwengingqi lusona sixhobo sichanekileyo sokuqinisekisa ukuba bonke abahlali benosihlalo esithebeni.

Ukuzalisekiswa nokuhlaziywa komgaqo-nkqubo

Oorhulumente basekuhlaleni badla ngokuba ziindlu zogcino-lwazi zedemokhrasi . bavavanya iingcamango ezintsha ezinokufikelela kwinqanaba lombuso okanye lobuzwe. Ukusuka kwimiyalelo ehlaziyekayo yamandla endalo yonke iinkqubo zangaphambi komsebenzi wolawulo lwangaphambili, iinkqubo ezininzi zokuguqula zaqala kumgangatho kamasipala. Ulawulo lomphathi-mikhosi ekulungiseni imozulu okanye ukusetyenziswa kwebhodi yesikolo ekulungiseni imigaqo yokusesikweni kungabuyisela umlinganiselo wobomi bemihla ngemihla kwaye kumisele imizekelo yotshintsho olubanzi. Umzekelo, azixeko ezifana ne- Portland, Oregon[FLT], i-choce yoocetry ekwizikhundla olukwizinzo lobuvulindlela oluvelayo ngezolawulo lwasekuhlaleni, luphembele utshintsho lovolo lwezivolozwe ngokubanziswa ngokubanziswa.

Izindlu, Izinto Zokuthutha Nemeko - bume Eyakhekileyo

Zimbalwa izinto ezichaphazela uhlobo lobomi lwentsapho njengalapho ihlala khona nendlela ehamba ngayo. Amagosa asekuhlaleni avumela iprojekthi entsha yezindlu, acwangcise ikhowudi yokuhlala, kwaye agqibe ukuba afake izithuba kwiindlela zebhayisekile, uthutho olukhawulezayo, okanye ulwandiso lwendlela. Ezi zigqibo zibumba amaxesha okutshintsha komoya, ubunjani bempahla, kunye nokuhamba kwemibutho ehlala kuyo yonke indawo. Kumazwe amaninzi akhula ngokukhawuleza, unyulo lwasekuhlaleni luye lwaba yimfazwe, imiyalelo yezindlu ezinokufikeleleka, kunye nolawulo olunokusenza okanye ukuqesha.

Isizathu Sokuba Imveliso Yonke Ibaluleke

Kumjikelo wonyulo oluqhelekileyo, intlanga yesizwe iyalela eyona ngqwalasela ininzi, kodwa unyulo lwasekuhlaleni lusoloko lubonakalisa amaqula amancinane kakhulu okuvota. Ugqatso lomongameli lungabona 60-70% yokungena, ngeli lixa umlawuli oyintloko enokuthi atsale kuphela 10-20% yabavoti abafanelekileyo. Kubume obusezantsi, ivoti enye ithwala ubunzima obukhulu. Nazi izizathu ezingundoqo zokuba kutheni yonke imicimbi yokuvota yasekuhlaleni:

Imigca esecaleni

Unyulo lwengingqi lusoloko luvelisa imida ye-range-thin. Ngo-2021, ugqatso lwebhodi yesikolo kwidolophu encinane yaseTexas lwagqitywa ngevoti enye. Kumaqela amaninzi, intlanga zebhunga lesixeko okanye i-coproller luyozuzwa ngamavoti angaphantsi kwekhulu. Xa jikelele i-croffout isezantsi, amandla anxulumeneyo ebhola nganye enyukayo. Umntu okhethayo ophulukana novoti ezingama-50 unokuba uphumelele ukuba abaxhasi abambalwa ababonise ibhunga elingaphezulu (okanye ukuba umatilonti omninzi ebeye wankqonkqonkqoza ezindlwini.

Ubandakanyeko Lomsebenzi Nekamva

Umvoti ophezulu kunyulo lwasekuhlaleni uvelisa intsabelo elungileyo. Xa abantu bebona abamelwane babo bevota kunye nabahlobo babo bexubusha ngabo baza kugatya, kuyinto eqhelekileyo ukukhuthaza ukuba nenxaxheba kunyulo lwexesha elizayo. Ngokuchasene noko, ukurhoxa okungapheliyo kubangela ukungakhathaleli nokungakhathaleli. Wonke umntu ovota kunyulo lwengingqi yasekuhlaleni uthumela umqondiso kumagosa anyuliweyo ukuba uluntu lunike ingqalelo kwaye uya kubagcina benoxanduva.

Ukuphendula nokuziphendulela

Amagosa aqatshelweyo asabela kakhulu ekuvoteni okukhoyo. Ilungu lebhunga lesixeko elaziyo ukuba lisiseko esincinci, esinyanisekileyo esibekwe kunyulo lokugqibela lungabeka uhlahlo kwindawo esisiseko phezu koluntu olubanzi. Imikhosi ebanzi yokuthatha inxaxheba kwiqela kunye neziceli ngokufanayo ukuphendula amatyala angaphezulu abahlali. Oku kuphendula kungundo lwedemokhrasi esebenzayo. Kulwazi oluninzi olukwimijelo yokuvota, bona [[FLT: 0]] uhlalutyo lophando lweziko lobuProfethi lwe U.S.

Izithintelo Zokuba Nenxaxheba

Phezu kwako nje ukubaluleka okucacileyo konyulo lwasekuhlaleni, imiqobo ebalulekileyo ithintela abemi abaninzi abafanelekayo ekufakeni ivoti. Ukuqonda le miqobo linyathelo lokuqala lokuyoyisa.

Ukungabi nalwazi

Abahlali abaninzi abazi ukuba luphi unyulo lwabo lwengingqi olubanjwe nini okanye ngubani obalekayo. Iintlanga zoluntu zifumana intlawulo encinane kakhulu kuxanduva lukarhulumente okanye kukhuphiswano lwamazwe, kwaye abathathi-nxaxheba badla ngokuswela ubuncwane bokubhengeza okugqithisileyo. Abasebenzi benqanawa bangabona ivoti egcwaliswe ngamagama abangazange beve kwaye baluphose ugqatso. Lo msantsa wolwazi uchaphazela ngokungenakulinganiswa nayiphi na enye into efunyenweyo kunye nabavoti abancinane, abanokungangeni kwimibutho yoluntu okanye amaqonga amanani asabelanaba iindaba zonyulo.

Imibandela yobhaliso lweVoter

Iinkqubo ezididayo okanye ezididayo zisenokungakukhuthazi ukubhalisa. Amanye amajelo anokubhalisa iiveki ezisondeleyo ngaphambi kosuku lonyulo, yaye amanye afuna ubungqina obungqalileyo okanye obubonisa ukuba uhlala phi. Abantu abafudukela rhoqo kwiiofisi ezibhalisayo, abangakwaziyo ukubhalisa okanye abangayaziyo imihla emiselwe ixesha elithile basenokufumanisa bengakwazi ukuvota. Kwanabo bangabhaliswa ngekhompyutha ngokuthe ngqo banokukwazi ukuba bangene kwi-intanethi.

Ufikeleleko kunye nokuTyhila kwendawo

Imiqobo enjengemigama emide yokuhlola iindawo zokuvota, ukunqongophala kohambo lukawonke-wonke, okanye imimandla engafikelelekiyo ekuhlaleni ngezitulo ezinamavili ingathintela abantu ekuvotelweni. Iiyure zokuvota zangaphambili zingangqubana nocwangciso lomsebenzi, kwaye iinkqubo zokufaka iposi zisenokuba nzima ukuqhuba. Kubemi abanemiqobo, imiqobo yolwimi, okanye iimbopheleleko zokunyamekela, isenzo sokuvota singalucelomngeni olungenakulinganiswa. Ngokwe- Ingqungquthela yesizwe yomthetho ye-Legislatures[, ichaza ukuba kusetyenziswe izindululo ezahlukeneyo kwezi miba, kodwa iimbopheleleko zokuvota, kusenokuhlala kuhleli.

Ukukhuthaza Ukuba Nenxaxheba Kukhetho Lwasekuhlaleni

Imigudu yokunyusa unyulo lwengingqi kufuneka ifakwe kwimiqobo emininzi, ijoliswe kwizithintelo zomthetho nesimo sengqondo senkcubeko ngokuganana kwebutho loluntu. Ngeli ngezantsi ziingcelo ezivunyiweyo ezinokulandelwa luluntu, amaqela onyulo, namagosa.

Imfundo ye Voter kunye nokubonakala ngaphaya

Ukunika inkcazelo ecacileyo, engeyoya apartis malunga nabavoti kunye neenkqubo zentlalo kunika abavoti amandla okwenza ukhetho lolwazi. Imibutho engancediyo efana neBallotteia inikela izikhokelo ezineenkcukacha kwintlanga zasekuhlaleni, kwaye amaphephandaba asekuhlaleni adla ngokupapasha i-Q& Njengabangenisi abangenisi-majoni. Abaququzeleli be-Form, abasasaza iibhola ezincinane ngamaphetshana achazayo, kwaye ukusebenzisa ijelo-media ekubalaseni iintlalo-phambili zemidlalo kunokuyikhusela le nkqubo. Abacuphindi abaqonda kakuhle into exhotyisiweyo badla ngokujika.

Ubhaliso oluqukumbelayo kunye nokuhlahlela

Imithetho efana nobhaliso oluzenzekelayo, ukuvota okuye kwandiswa, kwaye kwandiswa ukuvota kwangethuba kuboniswe ukwandisa, ingakumbi phakathi kwabemi abaselula nabahambayo. Ama-oomasipala amkela ezi meko basusa ukhuhleko olubalulekileyo kwinkqubo. Umzekelo, uchaza ukuba ukusungula ubhaliso oluzenzekelayo kwabonwa umlinganiselo wonyuko olulandelayo kunyulo olulandelayo].

Iziganeko zoLuntu kunye nezindululo eziphumayo

Ukumema iintlanganiso zobume basekuhlaleni, iiholo zedolophu, kunye neziganeko ezingacwangciswanga ezinokubangela inkqubela yoluntu kumacala onyulo lwasekuhlaleni. Amaphulo okunkqonkqoza, iibhanki zomnxeba, kunye nezikhumbuzo zomyalezo wokubhaliweyo ziphumelela kakhulu ekuvotelweni kwamathub ’ athile. Xa abantu beziva benxulumene nomntu oza kucela okanye umba-ndaba .

Ubuxhakaxhaka obugudileyo kunye nezobugcisa

Amaphulo amaninzi asekuhlaleni asebenzisa ngempumelelo amaqonga afana nomnyango olandelayo, amaqela eFacebook, kunye ne WhatsApp ukusasaza ulwazi kunye nokuququzelela. Izixhobo zamanani zinganciphisa ixabiso lomvoti ophumayo kunye nemiyalezo yoncedo yexhoba kwingingqi ezithile. Ii-apps zobhaliso kunye nendawo yokuvota kwi-intanethi yenza kube lula kubemi ukufumana indawo nokuvota. Noko ke, abantu kufuneka balumkele ukugqwethwa ngokuqinisekisa ukuba imithombo yonyulo esemthethweni ilula ukufikelela nokubelana.

Indlela Yokuhlala Unolwazi Nokwenza Unyulo Phakathi Kokhetho

Ukuthembisana nge-pic akufunekanga kuphele ngomhla wonyulo. Ukuphembelela ulawulo lwasekuhlaleni ngenene, abemi kufuneka bahlale bebandakanyekile unyaka wonke. Nazi iindlela zokuhlala benxulumene:

  • Ibhunga lesixeko elithe gqolo kunye neentlanganiso zebhodi yesikolo – ezi zidla ngokuvuleka kuwonke wonke kwaye zisoloko zihlala ngomsinga; amaxesha okuphendula abantu kukuvumela ukuba uvakalise inkxalabo ngqo kubenzi besigqibo.
  • Zibophelele kwi maphepha-ndaba asekuhlaleni kunye namaphepha-ncwadi kamasipala asemthethweni - - ukuhlala waziswe ngevoti ezayo, iindlebe zikawonke-wonke, kunye nezicelo zoqingqo-mali ziqinisekisa ukuba ungalinganisa ungekagqibeli kwizigqibo.
  • [[UMTL:0] Ukusetyenziswa kwibhodi okanye kwikhomishini yasekuhlaleni – uluntu oluninzi lunendawo ezingahlawulwayo okanye ezithe zaxhotyiswayo ezicebisa ngokucwangciswa, iipaki, ukuhlanganiswa kwezakhiwo, amathala eencwadi, nezinye ezininzi; ezi ziindlela ezintle zokubumba inkqubo esuka ngaphakathi.
  • [[UMTL:0] Umkhuphi wephulo okanye iqela lobugqwirha – nokuba uxhasa umngeneli okanye umlinganiselo webhola, ukuzinikela kuqinisa impembelelo yakho kwaye wakhe ulwalamano kunye nabamelwane abanezimvo.
  • Phumelela kwiofisi – ukuba ubona imfuneko yenguqu kwaye unomnqweno wokusebenza, cinga ngokuqokelela i-'ap' ukulungiselela indawo yasekuhlaleni. Ii-ofisi ezininzi azifuni mava angaphambili ezobupolitika, kuphela ukukulungela ukuphulaphula nokukhokela.

Isiphelo

Unyulo lwasekuhlaleni alulohlobo oluncinci lwedemokhrasi, lungamazwi angqalileyo. Izigqibo ezenziwa ngoosodolophu, amalungu ebhunga, iibhodi zesikolo, namanye amagosa asekuhlaleni abumba ukhuseleko, impumelelo, kunye nobuntu babantu esibabiza ekhaya. Ivoti nganye efakwe kula maqela ithwala ubunzima obubodwa, ingakumbi xa i-clockout isezantsi kwaye imida iqinile. Ngokuqonda intsingiselo yonyulo lwengingqi, ukuphendula imiqobo yokubandakanyela, nokubandakanyeka konyaka, singakha uluntu olubonisa ngokwenene ukuthanda kwabemi balo. Ixesha elilandelayo i-voti ye-flate ifika ngeposi okanye ngemigqomo-mvume ephumayo emnyango, khumbula: ivoti yakho yisixhobo esinamandla kakhulu onayo sokuphembelela ngaphandle kwefestile yakho.