Oorhulumente bezixeko banembopheleleko yokunikela iinkonzo zikawonke-wonke eziyimfuneko .ukukhusela amapolisa nomlilo kwingqokelela yenkunkuma, iipaki, kunye nezikolo. I-injini yemali enika ezi nkonzo luxanduva, iplani ecwangcisiweyo enika oovimba abazinzileyo ukuze bahlangabezane neemfuno ezingapheliyo zoluntu. Ukuqonda indlela izixeko eziqokelela ngayo iirhafu nokulawula inkxaso-mali akuyo nje imfundo yemfundo; kuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ubunjani bobomi bomntu ngamnye ohlala apho. Eli nqaku linika uhlolo olubanzi kwimali yemali karhulumente wasekuhlaleni, imijelo yemali egcina izixeko, kunye nemingeni ebandakanya uqingqo-mali kunye nocelomngeni olubandakanye nohlahlolo olubandakanya ukusetyenziswa koqingqko lwemali.

Indima Yerhafu Yasekuhlaleni Kwimali KaMasipala

Irhafu yasekuhlaleni yenza ingeniso eninzi kamasipala. Ngokwe-Unival Bureau of State and Local Government Bureant Survey, oorhulumente basekuhlaleni baqokelela ingeniso emalunga ne-R3,9 yezigidi zezigidi zemali jikelele ngowama-2020, kunye nerhafu emalunga ne-3 yemali leyo. Ukuxubana kwerhafu kuyahluka-hluka-hluka ngokomhlaba nangokwendawo, kodwa inkoliso yamaqela aqhelekileyo aquka irhafu yempahla, irhafu yerhafu yerhafu, irhafu yerhafu yerhafu, kunye neerhafu ezahlukeneyo zezoshishino.

Irhafu Yempahla

Irhafu yemfuyo yexabiso lemali yemfuyo yemali ingumthombo oyintloko wengeniso yerhafu yasekuhlaleni kwizixeko ezininzi zase-U. Zibhatalwa ngokwentelekiso yexabiso lefa lelizwe neyasemgangathweni. Irhafu, idla ngokuboniswa kwimigadi yokusila (umnye umsila ulingana ne-R1,000 ngexabiso elifanelekileyo), imiswe ngurhulumente wasekuhlaleni ukuvelisa ingeniso efunekayo kwimisebenzi. Iirhafu zithelekelelwa kuba amaxabiso emo yefama eninzi akaguquguquki ngokukhawuleza njengamaxabiso emalini ethengwayo okanye ingeniso. Kodwa ke, anokuphinda asetyenziswe, anokuphinda asebenze ngokuchaphazekileyo, aqinisekise ukuba amakhaya afumana imali ephantsi namakhaya kunye neemali ezithenekileyo, aze aphinde aphinde afunyaniswe, aze asebenze iindleko zemali ezithelwe ngemali ehlawulwayo. [FS]

Ukuthengiswa Nokusetyenziswa Kwerhafu

Iirhafu zerhafu zemali yemali yemali yenye ingakumbi evumela iirhafu zentengiso yasekuhlaleni. Le rhafu ibekwa kuthengiso lwempahla ephathekayo kwaye, kwezinye iimeko, iinkonzo. Iirhafu zentengiso zoluntu zidla ngongezelelwa kwipesenti kwixabiso lemali karhulumente. Ngokungafaniyo nerhafu yempahla, irhafu yentengiso ixakeko ngenxa yokuba ithengwa ngemali eninzi, ethengwayo ngexesha lokuthengwa kwerhafu. Abagxeki bemiqatha baphikisa ukuba irhafu yerhafu ithengiso iphinde yanda ngenxa yokuba ingeniso ephantsi kwemali ehlawulwayo. Ukuqokelelwa kwerhafu yerhafu yemali kudla ngokuba yimali eninzi ehlawulwa yimali ehlawulwa yimalini ehlawulwa yimali. Ukuhlawula irhafuthensiswa kwerhafu eninzi ye-emente; irhafu enyusayo i-eminkile ye-eternetmonet; imirhumenti yerhafu eninzi yeN, ingunti:[5], kunye nempahla evumela inguqu.[4]

Irhafu yemali ehlawulwayo

Iirhafu zomvuzo wasekuhlaleni azixhaphakanga kangako kodwa zisetyenziswa kumaphondo amaninzi, ingakumbi iOhio, iPennsylvania, kunye neMaryland. Le rhafu ingahlawulwa kubantu ngabanye (ingeniso efunyenweyo), amashishini (ingeniso yomnatha), okanye zombini. Iirhafu zengeniso zomzizo zisoloko zingahlawulwa ngabaqeshi, zisenza ukuba zikwazi ukuqokelela irhafu. Zidla ngokuthambeka kakhulu kuneerhafu zempahla, kwaye zinokuchazwa ngokukhawulezileyo xa uqoqosho lwemali lusanda kodwa lude luyekile. Amanye amadolobha asebenzisa umlinganiselo othe tyaba, ngoxa amanye efumana izibiyeli zebhaso. Umanyano lwerhafuzo kungenxa yokuba angenza ukhuphiswano lwerhafu phakathi kwemimandla ekufuphi, njengoko abasebenzi namashishini benokufudula kwimibutho esezantsi. Oku kuchazwa kwiingxelo ze-R.[F:1]

Ezinye iingenelo zikaMasipala

Ngaphaya “kwerhafu ethathu”, izixeko zifumana ingeniso kwezinye imithombo ehlukahlukeneyo:

  • Irhafu yeshishini nelayisensi: ihlawula irhafu, iindleko ezihlawulwayo, kunye nerhafu yephepha-mvume.
  • Iimali kunye nezityholo zomsebenzisi zemali ezingezizo izingenisi, iimvume, uhlolo, kunye neenkqubo zokuzihlaziya. Ezi zenzelwe ukubuyisa iindleko kunokunyusa ingeniso jikelele.
  • Ukudluliswa korhulumente: urhulumente neminikelo yorhulumente, ukwabelana ngengeniso, kunye noncedo lweenkqubo ezithile ezifana nokhuseleko lukawonke-wonke okanye izindlu.
  • [[NT.:0] Iinguqu kunye nelahleko: amatikiti omgwaqo, intengiso yenkundla, kunye nemali elahlekileyo. Ukuthembela kakhulu kwezi zinto kungenza intshukumisa egqwethekileyo, njengoko ibalaseliswa liSebe lophando lobulungisa.
  • Ingeniso epheleleyo: Inzala kwimali egcinwe ngaphandle, ingakumbi xa inzala ilungile.

Uqingqo - mali olusemzini luye lungenelele imithombo yalo yengeniso ukuze luphephe ukuxhomekeka ngokugqithiseleyo kuwo nawuphi na umsinga, ngaloo ndlela luzikhusela ekuwohlokeni kwezoqoqosho.

Umjikelo woHlahlo-mali weSixeko: Ukusuka Kwinjongo Yokufumana

Uqingqo-mali lukaMasipala asisosiganeko sexesha elinye kodwa ngumjikelo oqhubekekayo omalunga neenyanga ezilishumi elinesibini ukuya kwezilishumi elinesibhozo. Le nkqubo ilawulwa yimithetho karhulumente kunye nomgaqo-siseko woluntu, kodwa izixeko ezininzi zilandela umlinganiselo ofanayo.

I-Ofisi yeNkcubeko yeNkcubeko

Kude kudala ngaphambi kokuba kubhalwe uxwebhu loqingqo-mali, amasebe esixeko namagosa aqhuba uhlolo olufunekayo. Bahlola iziphumo zamanani abantu, iimeko zezibonelelo, iimfuno zeenkonzo, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwengxelo yoluntu. Izixeko ezininzi zicwangcisa uqingqo-mali ngecebo elicwangcisiweyo elibeka izinto eziza kuqala kwinkqubela-phambili yezoqoqosho, ukulingana, ukulondolozwa kokhuseleko nokhuseleko lukawonke-wonke. Eli candelo lisoloko liquka iintlanganiso ezithintelayo kwaye lisenokubandakanya uphando lwabemi.

Uqikelelo lwengeniso

Uqikelelo oluchanekileyo lwengeniso lububugcisa kunye nenzululwazi. Abaphathi bezemali basebenzisa iimodeli zembali, iziphumo zembali, kunye nezibonisi zezoqoqosho zangoku ukuveza ingeniso evela kwimvelaphi nganye. Kwirhafu yempahla, batyala ulwakhiwo olutsha, iziphumo eziphinda-phindwayo, kunye nexabiso lentengo. Kwirhafu yokuthengisela, baqwalasela intembelo yabathengi, ukungasebenzi, kunye nemilinganiselo yokuchitha iimali. Intelekelelo inzima kakhulu; iGoverment Genement Administrals (GOA) incomela ukusebenzisa indlela elungelelekileyo nokugcina ingeniso efunekayo eluncedo ekukhuseleni iimpomposo ezimfaza.

Isindululo somgaqo-nkqubo wohlahlo-lwabiwo-mali

Ngezigqibo ezisesandleni, umphathi wesixeko okanye umphathi-ofisi wedolophu usebenza neentloko zesebe ukuzoba uqingqo-mali olucetyisiweyo. Olu xwebhu luchaza iinkcitho zemivuzo, imisebenzi, imisebenzi yamakomkhulu, kunye nenkonzo yamatyala. Kufuneka lulinganisele iinkcitho neemali ezilindelekileyo, ngaphandle kokuba isixeko sivunyelwe ukuba siqhube ityala . Into ethile oomasipala abaninzi abavumelekileyo ukuyenza ngaphandle kwemvume yomvoti. Uqingqo-mali lwedrafti luthunyelwa kwibhunga lesixeko, ngokuqhelekileyo lukhatshwa ngumyalezo woqingqo-mali ochaza iimfuno ezingundoqo nezinto eziphambili.

Ukuchongwa Kwabantu Abaninzi Nolwazi Olunentsingiselo

Ngaphambi kokufumana imvume yokufumana abantwana, izixeko zibamba amatyala kawonke-wonke ukuze zifumane igalelo. Eli linyathelo elibalulekileyo lokuphendula idemokhrasi. Abahlali bangathetha inkxaso okanye ukuphikisa ukucebisa ukuba kusetyenziswe imali eqingqiweyo, irhafu eyandayo, okanye amanyathelo amatsha. Ezinye izixeko zisebenzisa uqingqo-mali oludiza, apho abemi bagqiba ngqo indlela yokunikezela inxalenye yoqingqo-mali. Le ndlela iye yamkelwa kwiindawo ezinjengeziko lebhunga leSixeko saseNew York. Ukuva kukawonke kudla ngokuvelisa ukuchonga koondaba nokuqhatha kwebhuthi-ndaba.

Impinda yoMthetho

Ibhunga lesixeko lihlolisisa umgca woqingqo-mali ocetyiswayo ngomgca ngeentlanganiso zekomiti kunye neziqendu zomsebenzi. IziHlanziso zenziwa, ngokufuthi zibonisa ukuyekelela kwezobupolitika okanye ulwazi olutsha. Ibhunga livota ngoko kumgaqo wokugqibela woqingqo-mali. Ukuba ibhunga aliphumeleli ukugqithisa uqingqo-mali ngokwemiqathango yemithetho, urhulumente angavala okanye asebenze phantsi koqingqo-mali lonyaka ophelileyo. Xa ugunyazisile, uqingqo-mali luba lugunyaziswa ngokusemthethweni ngenxa yokusetyenziswa nokuqokelelwa konyaka ozayo.

Iimali ezingundoqo zoqingqo-mali neenjongo zazo

Ukulondoloza ukuphendula nokubonakala, uqingqo-mali lwezixeko zesixeko lwahlulwe lwaba yimali eyahlukeneyo, nganye icwangciswe ngokwee-akhawunti ezimiselwe imisebenzi ethile. Olona hlobo luqhelekileyo luquka:

INgxowa-mali Jikelele – Uhlaziyo Loqingqo-mali Olusebenza

Imali-mali jikelele yingxelo ephambili yokusebenza kwesixeko. Ixhasa iinkonzo ezisisiseko ezifana namapolisa, umlilo, iipaki, amathala eencwadi, ulawulo jikelele, kunye nemisebenzi kawonke-wonke. Ngokuqhelekileyo, le ngxowa-mali ixhaswa ngeerhafu zempahla, iirhafu zentengiso, kunye nentengo. Ngenxa yokuba igubungela iinkonzo ezibalulekileyo, ingxowa-mali jikelele ifumana uhlolisiso oluphezulu. Ingxowa-mali yoluntu ephilileyo kufuneka igcine umlinganiselo ongabelwangabelwanga (isiqwenga) malunga neenyanga ezimbini zenkcitho esebenzayo, njengoko kunconyelwe yi-GSOA.

Imali yengeniso ekhethekileyo – ii-akhawunti zeenjongo ezinikezelweyo

Imali yengeniso ekhethekileyo isetyenziselwa ukuphendula ingeniso efunyenwe kwimithombo ethile yengeniso emiselwe ngokusemthethweni kwiinkcitho ezithile. Imizekelo eqhelekileyo iquka ingxowa-mali yerhafu yerhafu yegesi yokulungiswa kweendlela, imali yerhafu yehotele yonyuselo lokhenketho, kunye nengxowa-mali yezemali yesibonelelo esineenkqhwithela. Le mali igcina ibhanile kwaye iqinisekisa ukuba imali ebekelwe injongo ayinakuphambukiswa kwenye indawo.

Imali Ephambili Esetyenziswa Kwikomkhulu – Ukwakha Ikamva

Imali ephuculiweyo (okanye ingeniso yemali yekomkhulu) ixhasa ukwakhiwa, ukuqokelelwa, okanye ukuhlaziywa kwezinto ezingundoqo: iindlela, iibhulorho, izikhundla zokulayishwa kwamanzi, izitishi zamapolisa, iipaki, kunye nezibonelelo zobugcisa. Le misebenzi ixhaswa ngemali ngenkxaso-mali ngentsebenziswano, irhafu enikezelwayo, okanye inkxaso-mali yekomkhulu. Izixeko ezininzi zigcina iplani eyahlukeneyo yeminyaka emihlanu yenkcitha (CIP) ephuhlisa imisebenzi esekelwe kwimfuno-yo, iziphumo zemeko, kunye nemali ekhoyo.

Imali yeenkonzo zamatyala – Ukuphatha kakubi ukuboleka

Xa izixeko zibophelelekile ukuze zihlawulelwe iiprojekthi zamatyala, kufuneka zimisele ingxowa-mali yamatyala ukuze ziqokelele inqununu kunye nenzala ehlawulwa ngabagcini-mali. Le mali isoloko ixhaswa ngumsinga wengeniso enikezelweyo, njengerhafu yempahla ye-levy okanye i-atruthi yoncedo. Amasebe achaza iimali zetyala ahlola umlinganiselo wemali yemali yetyala (imali ekhoyo yokuhlawula ityala) ngaphambi kokuba anike abalinganiseleli bemali yokuboleka imali.

Ucelomngeni oluxhaphakileyo kuLawulo loMasipala loHlahlo-mali

Kwanaxa beceba ngenyameko, oorhulumente bezixeko bajamelana nemiqobo engapheliyo esongela impilo entle.

Ukuphelelwa yimali nokungangeneki kwengeniso

Iingeniso zoluntu ziziva zingenamdla kwimijikelo yezoqoqosho. Ngexesha lododotho lwezoqoqosho. Ngexesha lokudodobala kwezoqoqosho, irhafu yempahla ingawa ukuba amaxabiso empahla ehla okanye isikhonkwane sobuhlongandlebe. Ukuthengiswa kwerhafu kunye nerhafu yengeniso efunyanwa ngabathengi. Okwangoku, imfuno yeenkonzo ezininzi zikawonke-wonke-wonke — ingakumbi inethi yokhuseleko loluntu kunye neenkqubo ezinxulumene nokungaqeshwa kwemisebenzi zenza zinyuke. Oku “kucinezela amadolobha amandla okunqumla iinkonzo, ukunyusa irhafu, okanye ukutsala imiqathango yerhafu. I-CHOVAID-19 ibonisa oku ngokucacileyo: intluvo eninzi yabona intlungela eyingozi njengeendleko yempilo kawonke kunye neenkonzo ezikude.

Iindleko Ezinyukayo Neendleko Ezingaxolelwanga

Iindleko zesixeko zidla ngokunyuka ngokukhawuleza kunexabiso lexabiso lemali. Iimfanelo zogcino-lwazi, iingenelo zonyango, ukunyuka komvuzo odibeneyo, kunye nokugcinwa kwezibonelelo zonke zisebenza phezulu. Ngaphezu koko, urhulumente norhulumente usoloko emisela imiyalelo engangqinwanga ngokulinganayo nemilinganiselo ethile (umz., imimiselo yemeko-bume, ukwenziwa kwemiqathango) ngaphandle kokubonelela ngemali. Le miyalelo ingathabatha inxalenye ebalulekileyo yoqingqo-mali lwesixeko, inciphise ukutshintsha.

Isakhiwo esisemva kunye nogcino-lwazi oluthintelweyo

Izixeko ezininzi zase-U.S. zijongene nesakhiwo esikhulu sokulungisa isantya esibekiweyo sogcino lweendlela, iibhulorho, iinkqubo zamanzi, kunye nezakhiwo. IAmerican Society of Civil Enginegers (ASCE) ifumana rhoqo imiqathango yesizwe, kunye neendidi ezininzi kuludwe lwe- “D. Ukulinda kunganika isiqabu soqingqo-mali lwexeshana kodwa kukhokelela kwiindleko ezininzi eziphezulu kamva. Izixeko kufuneka zilungelelanise izinto eziphambili phakathi kweemfuno zangoku zokusebenza kunye notyalo lwemali oluphezulu lwexesha elide.

Ukungalawuleki Kwerhafu Nemilinganiselo Yerhafu

Imida yerhafu egunyazisiweyo nenkcitho (ie-Tells) iqhelekile kumaphondo anjengeKhalifoniya (Iprojekthi 13), iColorado (THONDO), neMassachusetts (Iprojectation 22/2). Le miqathango ingummiselo werhafu yempahla, uhlolo, ulwando, okanye ukunyuka kwemali epheleleyo. Ngoxa yenzelwe ukulawula ulwando lukarhulumente, ii-TELS zinganyanzela ukuba amadolobha angene kwiindleko ezisemva kwexabiso, nto leyo ekhokelela ekunikezeleni nzima. Amanye amadolobha aye aguqukela kwenye imithombo yengeniso okanye iindleko zomsebenzisi ukuba akhuphe imiqathango yerhafu, enokususa umthwalo werhafu kubathengi okanye abasebenzisi benkonzo.

Uqheliselo olulunge kakhulu kuLawulo loGawulayo oluNempumelelo

Izixeko ezikhokelayo zisebenzisa iindlela zokukwazi ukumelana neengxaki zemali nokusebenzisa imali ngendlela efanelekileyo.

Ucwangciso lweminyaka emininzi lwezezimali

Kunokugxininisa kuphela kunyaka omnye wemali, izixeko ezinempumelelo ziphuhlisa izicwangciso zemali ezingenisa ingeniso yeprojekthi kunye nenkcitho yemali ngaphezu kweminyaka emithathu ukuya kwemihla emihlanu. Ezi zicwangciso zinceda ekuboneni izithuba zexesha elizayo, ziquka iimfuno zexesha elide (njengemirhumo yomhlala-phantsi kunye nenkonzo yamatyala), kwaye zibekela bucala oovimba beemfuno zemali ezaziwayo. Izixeko ezininzi zipapasha ezi zicwangciso ngaphandle koqingqo-mali lwazo lonyaka ukubonelela ngomxholo nokubonakala. I-GFOA inikela ukhokelo oluneenkcukacha kwimeko yemali yexesha elide.

Ukuxhotyiswa koHlahlo-lwabiwo-mali kunye neMisebenzi

Uqingqo-mali lwesithethe lusoloko lubhekiselela kumagalelo (umz., “sisebenzise i-$X kwisebe lomlilo”). Ukuphuma kwengeniso kutshintshiselana ngeziphumo zoqingqo-mali kwiziphumo (umz., “lixesha elifanelekileyo lokwakha imililo encitshisiweyo ngo-20%”). Ngokudibanisa inkxaso-mali kwimilinganiso yomsebenzi, izixeko zinganikezela ubuncwane ngokunempumelelo kwaye ziphawule iinkqubo ezingaphantsi komsebenzi. Umlinganiselo womsebenzi, njengalowo osetyenziswa yinkqubo kaBaltimoret Citimoretissat, vumela abaphathi ukuba bahambe phambili kwimikhondo baze balungise ixesha lokwenene.

Ubandakanyeko loLuntu nokubonisa ngaphaya

Ukuthemba urhulumente kwakhiwa xa abemi beqonda indlela esetyenziswa ngayo irhafu yabo. Olona cwangciso lungcono luquka ukupapasha uqingqo-mali olucetyiswayo nolokugqibela kwi-intanethi kwiifomati zobuhlobo zomsebenzisi, ukuba neemvo ezininzi zikawonke-wonke ngamaxesha okufikeleleka kunye neendawo, kunye nokunika ushwankathela-magama acacileyo. Ezinye izixeko, njenge-San Francisco, zinika izixhobo zoqingqo-mali ezinika abahlali ii-endleko ezivumela abaphandi bahlole ii-intengiso. Ukubonakala qhaqhaqha kubandakanya nokufakela iingxelo zemali ezithengiweyo kunye nokwenza ukuba kufumaneke ulwazi lwemisebenzi.

Ukhuthuzo lwengeniso

Ukuthembela kwisiseko esinye serhafu kuyingozi. Izixeko kufuneka zijolise kwindawo elungeleleneyo yempahla, intengiso, ingeniso, kunye neengeniso ezisekelwe kumsebenzisi. Ukwahlula akuqiniseki nje kuphela ngemali kumjikelo wezoqoqosho kodwa kwakhona kusasaza umthwalo werhafu kumaqela ahlukeneyo ezoqoqosho. Noko ke, ukuntywinwa kufuneka kulandelwe ngocoselelo ukuze kuphephe ukusungula izakhiwo zerhafu okanye ukugxotha amashishini kunye nabantu abahlala khona. Iinkqubo zophuhliso lwezoqoqosho ezinwebisa isiseko serhafu (indlu entsha, inkqubela phambili yezentengiso, ukwanda komsebenzi) ziyindlela elungelelaniswe kakuhle.

Ubugcisa obunika amandla bokusebenzisa uhlahlo-lwabiwo-mali

Ubugcisa bale mihla bunezixhobo ezinamandla zokuphucula indlela yokuhlawula imali nokuyiphendula.

Uqingqo-mali kunye ne-Software ye-ERP

Izicwangciso zolawulo ezidibanisa ulawulo lwemali, ukuqokelelwa, ugcino-mali, abantu, kunye nomqulu ohlawulayo kwiqonga elinye. Ezi nkqubo zomsebenzi ozenzekelayo, zinciphisa iimpazamo, kwaye zinika ukubonakala kwexesha lokwenene ekusebenziseni ngokuchasene noqingqo-mali. Iminqongo yenkqubela-mali ivumela igalelo elisebenzisanayo kwisebe, ukufuziselana kwemifanekiso, kunye nolawulo loguqulelo. Iinkqubo zokukhokela njenge-MALI, i-SAP, okanye i-Tyler Technivolutions zisetyenziswa ngamaqela amaninzi aphakathi kunye namakhulu.

Inkcazelo Esetyenziswayo Ukuze Kufunyaniswe Izigqibo Ezisekelwe Kwizinto Ezingokolwazi

Ii-alytics eziqhubela phambili zingaguqula ugcino-lwazi lwemali olungalungiswanga lube luqikelelo olusebenzayo. Iimodeli ezixeliweyo zinceda ekuboneni iingeniso kunye nenkcitho ezichanekileyo. Ukufunyanwa koomatshini kungajolisa iipateni zokuchitha ezingaqhelekanga ezinokubonakalisa ukuqhatha okanye ukungafezeki. Iinkonzo zohlalutyo-ntengiso lwexabiso zivumela amadolobha ukuba ahlole ukubuya kwexesha elide kwiprojekthi yekomkhulu. Ezinye izixeko zizama ngoqingqo-mali lwedata-data kunye nenkcitho,” zisebenzisa umatshini wokufunda ukulinganisela ulwahluzo lwezibonelelo lwemali kwimimandla yomsebenzi.

Iziqhagamsheli ezibonisa ngaphaya-phambili zommi

Iindawo ezivulekileyo zoqingqo-mali zivumela abemi ukuba bajonge iindleko, iingeniso, kunye nedata yomsebenzi kwiifomati ezibonisayo, ezisebenzisanayo. Imizekelo iquka i-OpenGov, i-V, i-V, kunye ne-VCardbook NYC. Ezi zikolo zidla ngokuba quka ii-data ezikhuphekayo zeentatheli nabenzi. Ngaphandle kokubonakala ngokucacileyo, ezinye izixeko zisebenzisa imigangatho ye-intanethi ukumilisela uqingqo-mali ngokhetho okanye ukuthobela ingqiqo, ukukhuthaza ingqiqo yokukhuphela ulwazi phakathi kwabahlali.

Isiphelo

Uqingqo-mali lwezixeko lungaphezulu kakhulu kunezandiso kunye nee-appropries jl____ezi zibonisa indlela engcono ngayo imali ekwixabiso kunye nezinto eziphambili zoluntu. Ukusukela ekuqokelelweni kwerhafu yasekuhlaleni ukuya kukwabiwa kwemali kwiinkqubo ezingenakubalwa, kunye neeprojekthi, inkqubo ifuna ubuchule, ubuchule bezobupolitika, kunye nenkxalabo enzulu kwinkonzo kawonke-wonke. Abahlali abayiqondayo indlela isixeko sabo esiyisebenzisa ngayo imali baxhotyiswe ngcono ngayo ukuze babandakanye neenkqubo zoluntu, bamele izilangazelelo zabo, kwaye babambe amagosa anokuthenjwa. Njengoko izixeko ziqhubeka zixabana nokungaqiniseki kwezoqoqosho, ukukhula, imigaqo yokubonakala, ucwangciso lwexesha elide, kunye nengeniso eninzi iya kuhlala ibalulekile ukuze kwakhiwe kwaye ingeniso elungelene

Ukuqhubeka kufundwa kwemali kamasipala, tyelela iNxulumano yoMagunya eMali kaRhulumente (GOA]) kunye noManyano lweSizwe lwamaCitina ([] NLC[[FLT]]]), zombini ezipapasha izikhokelo ezibanzi nophando lohlahlo lwendlela lwabiwo-mali.[