Ukwazisa: Isiseko Solawulo - melo Lomelo

Isebe lowiso-mthetho lorhulumente waseUnited States lilelona siseko sedemokhrasi yabameli. Eli candelo liyinkqubo edalwe yiGatya I lomGaqo-siseko, lilo kuphela elinyulwe ngokungqalileyo ngabantu, elilenza libe yeyona nto ibalulekileyo ekufuneni uluntu ukuba livume. Embilinini walo, isebe lemithetho liguqula ilizwi elingumanyano labemi lize lingene kwimithetho elawula uhlanga. Ukuqonda le nkqubo akuso nje isifundo sesizwe soluntu, kwaye lisisixhobo esibalulekileyo kuye nabani na ofuna ukuphembelela umgaqo kawonke-wonke. Le ndlela ikhokela inika igunya, iliso ngendlela isebe le-Giviko elisebenza ngayo, indlela eliba nendlela enokuba negalelo ngayo ngokufezekileyo.

Indima yomgaqo-siseko namandla eBhunga

IBhunga leSizwe laseUnited States yindlu yowiso-mthetho yeSiqendu seSihlalo se-Agameral, equkiwe yiNdlu yabameli kunye neNdlu yeeNtlalo. Esi sakhiwo sasikuxokelelwano ngabom phakathi kwamazwe amakhulu namancinane kwiNdibano yezomGaqo-siseko. IiKhongqi zeSivumelwano zeSikomfa zilelo ezinamandla, zinika isalatha sowamagunya kwiSixhobo-Sithathi-mali I, icandelo lesiHloko-8, kuquka amandla okuhlawula irhafuthelo, ukuboleka imali, ukulawula urhwebo lwezorhwebo, ukumisela imfazwe, nokuphakamisa imikhosi. Onke amagunya owiso-mthetho abekwe kurhulumente ahlala kwiBhunga lorhulumente. Ngokubhekenelo, iBhunganelo, iBhunganelo elilawulayo, kunye nokuqinisekisa kweBhosalelo lweBhobe elinamandla (i-Ceant) kunye nolawulo olunamandla. Oku ke nokuqinisekisa okungagunya oku.

Isakhiwo Seengqungquthela: IiBhunga Ezimbini, Injongo Enye

Indlu Yabameli: Ilizwi Labantu

Indlu yabameli inamalungu angama-435 okuvota, ngalinye elikhonza igama elimele isithili sobungquzulwano iminyaka emibini. Inani lesithili ngasinye sabelwa ngokwesiseko sabemi, njengoko kumiselwa ngobalo lwamanani aphelayo. Oku kuthetha ukuba iNdlu yenzelwe ukuba iphendule ngqo kubantu. Indlu imele ijongene nonyulo kwakhona qho-nqa rhoqo. Indlu inamagunya akhethekileyo: iqalisa zonke iindleko zemali, kwaye inamandla okungamele inike amagosa asekuhlaleni azimeleyo. Ulawulo lusembindini phantsi koMlawuli weNdlulo, ongowesibini kwiminxeba yeQuephelo. Indlu isebenza ngemithetho engqongqo nexesha elilinganiselweyo, ivumela inkqubo yokwenza imithetho elungeleneyo. Ngenxa yokuba amaphondo nangakumbi, abameli batyekele ukuqwalasela izilangazelelo kwezoburhulumente, kunye nezibonelelo zezoshishino zoburhulumente, kunye noluntu.

IBhunga: ISaucer Epholisa Ikofu

IBhunga leNdlu yeeNtsimbi liyilwe ngabaququzeleli abali-100, ababini abasuka kwilizwe ngalinye, abasebenza iminyaka emithandathu. Unyulo ludideka ukuze iNdlu yeNdlu yeNtsimbi inyukele kunyulo rhoqo emva kweminyaka emibini, inika inkqubela kunye nozinzo. Abaseki beBhunga beBhathenti babenenjongo yokuba babe liqumrhu elithe kratya, ligqunywe kwiingcinga zoluvo lukawonke-wonke. UMongameli usebenza njengoMongameli weBhunga, kodwa onamandla kakhulu nguMphathi-nkulu. Indlu yeNtsinjana iquka ukumiswa komongameli (amalungu, amabamba, amazabe, amazahlule) kunye ne-rawis akhuselwa phambili i-vhoti ezimbini ezivoti. I-Sconsonet isebenza njengemithetho ye-ontarensie, i-ecestern, ethetha ukuba kungene umthetho omthetho okhuthayo.

Iikomiti: IiNjinganiso zoMthetho

Zombini iikomiti zixhomekeke kakhulu kwiikomiti zokuphatha umsebenzi. Kukho iikomiti ezimileyo (ezizimeleyo), ezikhetha iikomiti (ezingokwexeshana kwiimbambano ezithile), iikomiti (zombini amagumbi), neekomiti zenkomfa (ukuxolelanisa ii-ofisi),. Iikomiti ziqhuba ukuchotshelwa, ukuphawula amatyala, kwaye zigqibe ukuba zingathumela umthetho kwigumbi elipheleleyo. Iikomiti zeNdlu engundoqo ziquka iiMpawu neNdlela (umsitho), iikomiti (ukuxhobisa), iMimiselo (ukuphakamisa), kunye neMimiselo (ukumisela imigaqo ephikisana ngeemeko). KwiBhodi ebalaseleyo iquka iMali, i-Orivectory, i-Otherine, kunye ne-Jiciary. Izihlalo zeKomiti (ezisuka kwiqela leqela) ziqulethe amandla aneleyo okumisela imiqathangongoma nokubulala iziko. Ukuqonda ikomiti kubaluleke kubameli bajoni baqhubi okanye ukuqhekeza imigudu.

Indlela Ibhili Eba Ngumthetho Ngayo: Uhambo Olupheleleyo

Indlela esuka kwicebo ukuya kumthetho inde kwaye ixinene, inamathuba amaninzi okungeniswa kommi. Ngoxa umzobo wendlu yesikolo eqhelekileyo ubonisa amanyathelo asixhenxe, inyaniso ibandakanya iinkalo ezininzi zesigqibo.

Inyathelo 1: Ukwazisa kunye nokubuya

Naliphi na ilungu leKhompathimente lingaqalisa ityala. Linikwa inani (umz. H.R. 1 okanye S. 1), lishicilelwe, laza labhekisa kwikomiti efanelekileyo ngumphathi wepalamente. IiBhili zingavela nakweliphi na igumbi, ngaphandle kwemali yengeniso emele iqale kwiNdlu. Ityala elingeniswe eNdlu alinakuba ngumthetho ngaphandle kwemvume yeBhunga, kwaye ngokuchasene noko.

Inyathelo lesi-2: Isenzo seKomiti

Kulapho kufela khona iziko elininzi. Isitulo sekomiti sigqiba ukuba sicwangcise ukuva nokunyusa iintlanganiso. Ngexesha lokunyusa, amalungu acebisa kunye nokuvota ekulungisweni kwemali. Ukuba ikomiti iyayivumela ityala, liyinikela kwigumbi elipheleleyo ngengxelo ebhaliweyo. Ukuba isitulo asisebenzi, izitebhini zemali. Isibongozo sokukhulula kwiNdlu (simiselwe ngamalungu angama-218) sinokunyanzela ukuba ityala lekomiti liphumele ngaphandle, kodwa oku kunqabile.

Inyathelo 3: Ingxoxo ehambayo kunye neNkqutyana yokuHlolwa

Kwindlu, iKomiti yeMimiselo imisela imiqathango yengxoxo − ixesha elingakanani, elivunywayo. Indlu igqithisa umthetho (isigqibo) phambi kokuphikisana ngomthetho. Imbambano ilinganiselwe, kwaye iqela elininzi lidla ngokulawula iziphumo. KwiBhunga leNtlanganiso, impikiswano ingenasiphelo ngaphandle kokuba kubhenqwe amahlwili (60 amavoti okuphelisa i-Preasester). Abaquququzeleli banganika ukungapheli kwemithetho, uqheliso olwaziwayo ngokuba "ngabakhweli-"iqela lengi." ukuguquka kwendlu yendlu yendlu kuvumela ukushukuma okubanzi kodwa kwakhona kulibazisa.

Inyathelo lesine: Ukuqhamisa

Emva kwengxoxo, amavoti egumbi kwimali nakweziphina izilungiso. Uninzi olulula luyafuneka ukuze ludlulise ngaphandle kweminye imicimbi (umz., ukunyanzelisa, ukuxhasa iveto) efuna izakhiwo eziphezulu. Ii-odolo zibhalwe ngekhompyutha kwindlu nangomnxeba oqengqelekayo kwiBhunga. Ukuba uthe ugqitha, ugqithise kwenye igumbi.

Inyathelo 5: IKomiti yeNgqungquthela

Ukuba amagumbi amabini agqitha iinguqulelo ezahlukeneyo, ikomiti yengqungquthela `iququzelela amalungu ukusuka kuzo zombini/_ibangela ukulalanisa. Ingxelo yengqungquthela ephumayo mayivunywe ngamagumbi omabini ngaphandle kokubuyiselwa. Le nto isoloko iyingxoxo ephezulu apho kunqunyulwa ukumila kokugqibela komthetho.

Inyathelo lesi-6: Isenzo sobuongameli

Imali ebhalisiweyo ithunyelwa kuMongameli. UMongameli uneentsuku ezilishumi (iintsuku ezigqitha iiCawa) ukuze enze into ethile. Iinketho: tyikitya umthetho, u-veto (wubuyisele kwiKhomishini ngokuchasa), okanye uyivumele ukuba ibe ngumthetho ngaphandle kosayino (i-pocket vhato ukuba iKhomishini yeKhomishini). Iveto inokuphathwa kakubi ngoninzi oluzii-3 kumgodi obini `a onqabileyo kodwa onamandla uvavanyo lwamandla omphathi.

Inyathelo lesi - 7: Umthetho nokwenza

Xa utyikitywe, umthetho unikwa inani loMthetho kawonke-wonke kwaye uqulunqwa kwiKhowudi yaseUnited States. Amasebe aMazwe aManyeneyo abhala imimiselo yokuzalisekisa umthetho, inkqubo ephantsi kwamagqabaza asesidlangalaleni kunye nokuhlola isigwebo.

Indima Ebalulekileyo Yabemi: Ukuguqula Ilizwi Lakho Libe Yisenzo

Inkqubo yowiso-mthetho yenzelwe ukuba ifikelele kwimpembelelo kawonke-wonke. Nazi iindlela eziqinisekisiweyo zokwenza ilizwi lakho liviwe ngokunempumelelo.

Qhagamshelana Nabameli Bakho

Biza, i-imeyili, okanye bhalela ilungu lendlu yakho kunye nee-seneta. Amabali obuqu adityaniswe kumthetho othile anamandla. Gcina imiyalezo emifutshane, ezolileyo, kwaye ijoliswe kwinkupho enye. Ngamaxesha onke quka igama lakho nedilesi ukuqinisekisa ukuba ungumxhasi.

Yiya KwiiHolo Zesixeko NeeNkundla Zokulungiselela

Abameli abaninzi baba neentlanganiso zeholo yedolophu ngoxa bekwisithili sabo. Ukuya nokubuza umbuzo olungiselelwe kakuhle, --okanye ukuzisa ii-access ezifana ne---*i-odolocations zingenza usasazo noxinzelelo lwe-arhente yasekuhlaleni. Iiholo ze-ofisi ze-dolophali ziqhelekile, ziyanda ukufumaneka.

Ngenela okanye uxhase amaqela obuzali

Imibutho e- Grasroot yandisa amazwi omntu ngamnye. Amaqela afana noManyano lwaManyano lwabesifazane, ACLU, AARP, okanye ii-aRP ezingaziniki ngeniso zinika iinkqubo zokuphaphamisa, iingongoma zokuthetha, kunye nentsuku ezidityanisiweyo. Isenzo sawo somanyano singangqinelana nempembelelo yemidlalo ephambili.

Ukungqinela Iindlebe Nobungqina Bokugqabaza

IiKomiti zidla ngokuchophela amatyala athethwa ngabantu apho iingcali nabemi banokunikela ubungqina obuncinane, kodwa nabani na unokubhala ingxelo ebhaliweyo.

IVete(ase Vote kwi-Primers

Unyulo luyinkqubo yentsingiselo epheleleyo. Unyulo oluphambili, olusoloko lunendawo ephantsi, lunempembelelo ingakumbi kuba lugqiba ukuba ngoobani abathathi-nxaxheba abavela kunyulo oluqhelekileyo. Baxhasa abathathi-nxaxheba kwiimbono zakho(* kwaye bakubaphendulisa emva konyulo-/ilona hlobo oluthe ngqo lwamandla oluntu.

Isalathisi somsebenzi wePhondo

Amalungu eKhomishini ajonga amajelo eendaba ngokwendlela elungelelanisiweyo. I-tweet okanye ipost ye-Facebook ingahamba ihambe ihambe isiya kwintsholongwane ize inyanzelise impendulo. Noko ke, ukuthembisana okungqalileyo, okunentlonelo kusebenza kakhulu kunentetho echaphazelekayo. Ukuvala ii-akhawunti zoburhulumente kunye nokusebenzisa iphulo elithi hashtags kungandisa ukubonakala.

Ukubaluleka Kwemfundo Yesityalo Kulawulo - melo Olusebenzayo

Irepublic esempilweni ifuna abemi abawaqondayo amalungelo abo, iimbopheleleko zabo, kunye nendlela yokulawula. Imfundo ye-Civic ayithethi nje ukuwabamba ngentloko la masebe thathu, kodwa ifuna ukuvelisa ubuchule bokuthatha inxaxheba ngokunempumelelo.

Ukuqonda izakhiwo nemisebenzi kaRhulumente

Abafundi kufuneka bafunde indlela urhulumente olawulayo asasaza ngayo amandla phakathi koorhulumente besizwe nabesizwe, ukwahlulwa kwamagunya, nendima ekhethekileyo yesebe ngalinye. Olu lwazi lwesiseko luthintela iinkcazelo eziphosakeleyo luze lunike abemi amandla okubona ukuba ngoluphi umgangatho karhulumente osingatha inkxalabo yabo.

Ukufunda Inkqubo Yomthetho

Ngapha koko, abafundi bayangenelwa kwiimfaniso ezifana neModel Congress okanye izixhobo zekhompyutha ezifana ne-iCbics. Ezi mithambo zifundisa ukunxibelelana, ukulalanisa, kunye nenyaniso yokuba ukubekwa komthetho kuxokelelekile. Ukuqonda umahluko phakathi kwemali, isigqibo, kunye nomlinganiselo wezicelo kunceda abemi balandele ngokungqongqo iindaba.

Ukuvelisa Ukufunda Neengcamango Ezimagqagal ’ Amehlo

Imfundo yezentlalo-ntle yale mihla kufuneka iquke uhlalutyo lwemvelaphi, ucalulo, nokuqonda umahluko phakathi koluvo nenyaniso. Xa iindaba zemithetho zisoloko zigqwethwa ngamajelo eendaba adityanisiweyo, abemi kufuneka babe nobuchule bokuqinisekisa oko kuthethwayo (ngomzekelo, ukukhangela umbhalo osemthethweni wetyala ].gov okanye ucwangciso lwekomiti.

Ukuzibandakanya Ngokukhutheleyo Kwasebuntwaneni

Izikolo kufuneka zikhuthaze ukuthatha inxaxheba kurhulumente wabafundi, ii-admil, kunye neeprojekthi zenkonzo yoluntu. Uhambo lwasemasimini ukuya kumisa ii-capitols okanye iWashington, D.C., lungaguqula. Iintlangano ezifana ne ii-Cubips iqonga kunye neNkokeli ye-BE. Urhulumente [ unika oovimba bamahhala.]

Iziganeko Ezibalaseleyo Zembali Ezenziwa Kumthetho

Ukuqonda indlela isebe lowiso-mthetho eliyilo iMelika, qwalasela imithetho embalwa ephawulayo. Umthetho we-Civil Rights ka-1964 udluliswe emva kwe-nvironmentbuster/ongaphezulu kweentsuku ezingama-60 (ngonyaka) ngaphambi kokuba kukhutshwe amahlwili. UMthetho weNdlela yokuLangulwa kweNdlela yoMsebenzi woMsebenzi woMsebenzi wama-Afford wathatha unyaka wama-2010, ii-patroli ezininzi, kunye nenkqubo yoxolelwaniso. Kutshanje, uMthetho woNxaso lwe-Redulution osetyenziswa ekugqibeleni ucanyaniso noninzi lweNtlangalala. Le mizekelo ibonisa ukuba ukuzinziso, ukwakhiwa komanyano, kunye nolwazi oluneyo oluneyo.

Indlela Esifa Ngayo: Iingongoma Ezininzi Ezibulalayo

Kusoloko kuthiwa kukho iindlela eziliwaka zokubulala ityala. Ukuqonda ezi ndawo "zintsontela" kunganceda abameli balindele inkcaso. Ityala lingafa ukuba isitulo asifuni kucwangcisa ukuva, ikomiti ivote phantsi, iKomiti yeMimiselo iyala umthetho, uninzi lwenkokeli alucwangcisi ixesha lomgangatho, i-Reciobuster ixhaswe, ikomiti yengqungquthela ayinakufikelela kwisivumelwano, okanye uMongameli uviswano ngaphandle kokusebenzisa uxinzelelo.

Isiphelo: Ilizwi Lakho Liyinjini Yolawulo-moya

Isebe lowiso-mthetho asilolungiselelo elikude ``l' linguqumrhu eliguqulela uwonke-wonke ukuba ulawule. Ukusuka kumagumbi ekomiti ukuya kwiingxoxo zomgangatho, ukusuka kwiholo yedolophu yasekuhlaleni ukuya kutyikitya umongameli, inyathelo ngalinye linika amathuba abemi abanolwazi lokulungisa iziphumo. Imfundo ye-COVIC inika imaphu, kodwa isenzo sinika amafutha. Ngokuqonda isakhiwo seBhunga, uhambo lwesivumelwano, nendlela ezininzi zokubandakanyeka, ungasuka ekubeni uthelekelele ukuya kubathathi-nxaxheba. , xa usebenzisa ulwazi lwakho, uba ngumthetho.