Ukuqonda inkqubo yokukhetha kubalulekile kummi ngamnye, kodwa abantu abaninzi bafumana intsalela yonyulo lwendawo, lorhulumente, nolombuso idida. Umgangatho ngamnye ulawula iinkalo ezahlukeneyo zobomi bemihla ngemihla, ukusuka kumgangatho wesikolo somntwana wakho ukuya kukhuseleko lokutya okuthengayo. Esi sikhokelo sichaza iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zonyulo, indlela abasebenza ngayo, nesizathu sokuba uvote imicimbi yakho kuzo zonke imigangatho. Ekupheleni, uza kuba nemaphu ecacileyo yokuba uthathe inxaxheba kunyulo ngalunye oluchaphazela ibutho lakho nelizwe lakho.

Iindidi zokhetho: Inkqubo eMalekisiweyo

Unyulo eUnited States lucaciswe ngokweendidi ezintathu ezingundoqo: zengingqi, zelizwe, kunye nolwamagunya. Uhlobo ngalunye lulandela ucwangciso lwalo, imithetho, kunye namabala afuna ukunyuselwa. Zidityanisiwe kunye ziseka inkqubo enika amandla phakathi koomasipala, oorhulumente besizwe, kunye norhulumente wesizwe. Ukuqonda la manqanaba kukunceda ujolise ingqalelo yakho kwimijaho kunye nakumlinganiselo wokubala ochaphazela ngokuthe ngqo imibandela oyikhathaleleyo.

UKhetho lwangaphakathi

Kukho unyulo lwengingqi ekukhethweni amagosa eebhunga lesixeko, iibhodi zesikolo, iikhomishini yephondo, nezinye iindawo zikamasipala. Olu nyulo ludla ngokwenzeka kwiminyaka engaqhelekanga, eyahlulwe ngumjikelo wesizwe, kwaye lunokutsala umvoti ophantsi. Kodwa iiofisi zasekuhlaleni zenza izigqibo ezichaphazela ubomi bakho yonke imihla: iirhafu zempahla, imithetho yokuthanga izithuba, imbutho yenkunkuma, kunye nezifundo ezifundiswa kwizikolo zikawonke wonke.

Isitshixo sezikhundla kunyulo lwangaphakathi siquka:

  • Amaqumrhu kunye namalungu eBhunga lesiXeko – misela uqingqo-mali lukamasipala, ivumile imisebenzi yophuhliso, kwaye iqesha abaphathi besixeko.
  • [[UMTHETHO:0] Amalungu ebhodi yeqonga – imisela imigangatho yemfundo, inikezela ngemali yesikolo, kwaye ijonge umphathi uqesha.
  • Abakhomisi-mkhamo – ulawulo lweenkonzo zengingqi ezifana namathala eencwadi, iindlela, kunye namasebe ezempilo.
  • Abagwebi kunye nabaphathi-majoni – – ukunyanzeliswa kwemithetho, ukongamela kwiinkundla zasekuhlaleni, nokubumba inkqubo yokugweba.
  • Inyathelo elithatha indawo ekufuphi kunye ne-arhentes - - vumela abavoti ukuba bagqibe ngqo inkqubo kwimiba efana nonyuko yemivuzo encinane, ukwenziwa ngokomthetho, okanye inkxaso yezothutho zikawonke-wonke.

Ngenxa yokuba iinntlanga zasekuhlaleni zisoloko zingenayo ingqalelo yamajelo eendaba enikelwa kukhuphiswano lwaseburhulumenteni okanye lwesizwe, abavoti kufuneka benze umgudu othe kratya kwabo baphanda. Iintlanganiso zebhunga lesiXeko, izikhuseli zoluntu, kunye nezikhokeli zomvoti (njengezo zisuka kwi [[FLT: 0]] ISikhuthazo saMadoda Voters[]) zizinto ezintle kakhulu.

Unyulo Lwemeko

Unyulo lwesizwe lumisela ukhokelo nolwalathiso lwesizwe sakho. Ezi ziquka iintlanga ezilawulayo, ukhuphiswano lwemithetho yesizwe, nezinye iiofisi zelizwe ngokubanzi. Urhulumente unegunya elikhulu kwimfundo, kwezothutho, kwezonyango, ekuquka iMedicaid, kunye nomthetho wolwaphulo-mthetho. Unyulo lwelizwe lunokubakho kwiminyaka enokubalelwayo (ngokufuthi lunokuthelekiswa nonyulo lukarhulumente) okanye kwiminyaka edlulileyo, kuxhomekeke kurhulumente.

I-ofisi ezibalulekileyo kunyulo lwezwe:

  • [[UMTL: 0] IGovernor neLipeutenant Gunyarr – ikhokela isebe eliphetheyo, ityikitya amatyala kumthetho, kwaye iyalela urhulumente woKhuselo lwesizwe.
  • Isizwe samaSithili nabameli – dlulisa uqingqo-mali lukarhulumente, bhala imithetho kuyo yonke into ukusuka ekuqhosheni ukuya ekulungiseni, kunye namaziko esizwe.
  • Abalawuli ababanzi besizwe – Attorney Jikelele (igosa eliyintloko lomthetho), unobhala weSizwe (ojonge unyulo kunye nezithuba zoshishino), kunye noMphathi-mali weSizwe (imali karhulumente).
  • ISizwe samaJaji aPhakamileyo eNkundleni - – ukutolika umgaqo-siseko wombuso kwaye uva izibheno kumatyala arhabaxa, kuquka amalungelo okuvota kunye nobulungisa bolwaphulo-mthetho.
  • Iinyathelo ezithatyathiweyo kunye ne-arhenteums--bemi bangacebisa imithetho ngqo (umz., ukubekwa kweKhalifoniya 13 kwirhafu yempahla) okanye ukuvunywa kokubuyiselwa kumgaqo-siseko wesizwe.

Unyulo lwezwe lukwamisela ukwenziwa kwezindlu zowiso-mthetho zesizwe , eziphinda zidibanise ingqungquthela kunye nesithili sowiso-mthetho sombuso nyaka ngamnye emva kweminyaka elishumi ngokuphinda ivuselelwe. Isiphumo solu nyulo sichaphazela ulungelelwano lwamandla kwiNdlu yoMasitho-siseko.

Unyulo lomanyano

Unyulo lomanyano lwenzeka rhoqo emva kweminyaka emibini kwaye lubonakala kakhulu kuluntu. Lugqiba ukuba kuqalwe iNgqungquthela yeUnited States.

[[UMTL:0] Amakhonkceti onyulo lwezwe:

  • Imposiso ze-Pradéntial Evolution - zibanjwa rhoqo kwiminyaka emine (umz., 2024, 2028). Ubugcisa bokwenza ibhola zobuchule buphosa iKoliji esebenzayo [ amalungu, akhetha umongameli. Uvoti yomntu oqhelekileyo kurhulumente ngamnye igqiba ukuba ngowuphi umvotisi wokhetho.
  • [[NTL:0] Ukukhetha okukhethiweyo – inye-3-3 yezihlalo ezili-100 ziphakanyiselwa unyulo rhoqo emva kweminyaka emibini. Izintlola zisebenzisa amabinzana eminyaka emithandathu kwaye zimela onke amazwe. Ziqinisekisa iijaji zequmrhu, amalungu ekhathemethi, kunye nee-amirari, kunye nezivumelwano ze-radiation.
  • Indlu yabameli yokhetho – zonke izihlalo ezingama- 435 ziyakhuphiswana rhoqo emva kweminyaka emibini. Amalungu endlu amela izithili zengingqi (phantse abantu abangama-750 000 ngamnye). Baqalisa irhafu kunye nokuchitha iindleko zemali kwaye banamandla okungamele amagosa asekuhlaleni.
  • [[FLT: 0] unyulo olubalulekileyo – lubanjelwe iinyanga phambi konyulo oluqhelekileyo, iPrimerive ivumela amaqela ezobupolitika ukuba akhethe abalawuli bawo. I-Primprimetics iyabathintela ukuba nenxaxheba kumalungu eqela abhalisiweyo; ukuvula ii-primeers kuvumela nawuphi na umvoti ukuba akhethe umvoti weqela.

Ngenxa yokuba iindidi zengingqi zephondo zisoloko zibalaselisa ukukhutshwa kweendaba, kulula ukungalukhathaleli ukhuphiswano oluphantsi. Kodwa impembelelo ehlaziyiweyo yonyulo lwasekuhlaleni nolorhulumente kumgaqo-nkqubo karhulumente inzulu: iindlu zowiso-mthetho zikarhulumente ziphumeza iinkqubo zikarhulumente ezifana nolwandiso lweMedicaid, kwaye abatshutshisi basekuhlaleni bagqiba ngokokuba kusini na ukunyanzeliswa phantsi kwemithetho karhulumente yeziyobisi.

Inkqubela Yohambo: Inyathelo Ngenyathelo

Indlela esuka kubhaliso ukuya kuvoti ebaliweyo ibandakanya amanqanaba aliqela. Ukuqonda inyathelo ngalinye kususa ukudideka kwaye kukunceda uphephe imigibe eqhelekileyo enokuthintela ukuvota kwakho ukuba kungabalilwa.

Ubhaliso lweVoter

Ubhaliso lweVoter linyathelo lokuqala nelona libalulekileyo. Iimfuno ziyahluka-hluka ngokwemeko, kodwa kufuneka usoloko ungummi wase-U.S., ummi wase-U.S. ubuncinane uneminyaka eli-18 ubudala ngoSuku loNnyulo. Amazwe amaninzi ngoku anika ubhaliso kwi-intanethi, ngelixa amanye efuna ifomu yephepha okanye isicelo se-person kwi-DMV okanye kwiofisi yonyulo. I-National Voter Expabration Act (1993) yenza kube lula ukubhalisa xa ufaka okanye uhlaziya ilayisensi yomqhubi.

Iinkcukacha zobhaliso lwesitshixo ukukhangela:

  • Imigca – uluhlu ukusuka kuSuku loPhuhliso ngokwalo (kwimeko ezifana neNorth Dakota, engenabhaliso) ukuya kwiintsuku ezingama-30 phambi konyulo.
  • Ukwahlula-hlula - uninzi lwamazwe lufuna inombolo yephepha-mvume lomqhubi okanye amasuntswana amane okugqibela enombolo yoKhuseleko lweNtlalo. Amanye amazwe acela ukukhuphela ulwazi lwe-ID xa ebhalisa ngeposi.
  • [[FLT: 0] Inxenye yengingqi ye – amanye amazwe afuna ukuba uchaze iqela ukuvota kwi primmilt; khangela imithetho yemo yakho.
  • [[FLT: 0] Idilesi kunye negama lohlaziyo – ukuba uyashukuma okanye utshintsha igama lakho, kufuneka uphinde ubhalise okanye uhlaziye ubhaliso lwakho.

Imibutho engangeniyo njenge . org inikeza izixhobo ezilula ukukhangela ubume bakho bokubhalisela nokufumana indawo yakho yokuvota. Ukuqinisekisa ukubhalisa kwakho ubuncinane iiveki ezimbini phambi koSuku lokhetho kukunika ixesha lokulungisa naziphi na iimpazamo.

Iindlela zokusasaza

Ayisekho iintsuku apho wonke umntu kwafuneka aye kwindawo yokuvota enye ngolunye uLwesibini. Ngoku ama-United States anika uvuselelo ukuze alungelelanise ucwangciso lomsebenzi, uhambo, kunye nenkxalabo yempilo. Iindlela ezingundoqo ziquka:

  • Ukuvota kwi-inperson kuSuku lokhetho – indlela yesithethe; utyelela indawo yakho yovotelwa eyabelweyo (ikhangela utshintsho ngenxa yokuvuselelela). Zisa uhlobo lwe-ID eyamkelekileyo ukuba imeko yakho ifuna oko.
  • [[Ukhetho:0] uvota kwasekuqaleni- – amazwe amaninzi avula iindawo zokuvota iintsuku okanye iiveki phambi koSuku lokhetho. Uvotelo lwangaphambili lunciphisa imigca kwaye lukunika ixesha elininzi lokuphanda amanyathelo okuvota.
  • [[FLT: 0] Accompe okanye iposi evota - - cela isibheno sokuthumela ekhaya lakho. Amanye amasebe afumana iibhola ezibhalisayo ngokuzenzekelayo kubo bonke abavoti ababhalisiweyo (umz. Colorado, Oregon, Washington). Amanye afuna isingxengxezo (umz., ukugula, ukuhamba). Masithumele ibhola yakho kwangethuba okanye asebenzise umphathi uphozise iibhokisi ukuqinisekisa ukuba ifikile ngexesha elimisiweyo.
  • [[FLT: 0] Ikhoba lovoto – kubavoti abaneziphene okanye abanokuhamba; ungavota kwimoto yakho ngaphandle kwendawo yokuvota.

Indlela nganye inemithetho ekhethekileyo malunga nemihla yokubuya, utyikityo, kunye neemfuno zamangqina. Khangela neofisi yakho yonyulo yendawo elungileyo ukwenzela eyona miyalelo ichanileyo. proce: ukuba uvota ngeposi, gcwalisa uze ubuyisele ibhola yakho ngokukhawuleza xa uyifumene ukuphepha ukulibazisa kweposi.

Okwenzekayo Emva Kokuba Uvelelwe Ngumsindo

Emva kokuphosa ibholati yakho, ithatha inkqubo ukuqinisekisa ucoselelo nokhuseleko. Iimatshini zovota zekhompyutha zivota ngqo; iibhola zovote zephepha ziyavavanywa. Amazwe amaninzi enza uphicotho olunyanzelekileyo emva konyulo, imizekelo engaqhelekanga ukuqinisekisa ukuba imatshini ubala iingxelo zephepha ezihambelanayo. Ii-graorication bolleot (ezisetyenziswayo xa uvota idla ngokuthandabuza) ziyaphakanyiswa kwaye zibalwa kuphela ukuba umvoti ufanelekile. ivotelwe ngaphandle komkhondo ofihlakeleyo kodwa ilandelelwa ngekhowudi ekhethekileyo yebhalkhodi okanye ibholathithi kwezinye iindawo, ikuvumela ukuba uqinisekise ukuba ikholwe ukuba imo yakho ye-intanethi inika umzila webhola yogcino-mkhondo.

Ukubaluleka Kwalo Lonke Unyulo

Unyulo luyindawo ephambili yedemokhrasi yabameli. Inika abemi ithuba lokukhetha iinkokeli ezibonakalisa imilinganiselo yazo, ukuphendula abasebenzi, nokuphembelela inkqubo ngokungqalileyo ngomlinganiselo wokukhetha.

[[UMTL:0] Isizathu sokuba kungenelwe imicimbi:[[UMQONDISO 1]

  • Amaqela asekuhlaleni - unyulo lwendawo lugqiba indlela ii-dola zerhafu ezichithwa ngayo kwizikolo, kwiindlela, nakwinkonzo zongxamiseko. Xa ujiko lusezantsi, iqela elincinane labavoti lingamisela izinto eziza kuqala kuluntu.
  • Imithetho yesizwe[ – iindlu zowiso-mthetho zikarhulumente zilawula imigangatho yemfundo, ulawulo lwezonyango, imimiselo yemeko- bume, kunye nokuvota ziyazimisela ngokwazo. Ukumiselwa kwenkundla yezorhulumente kuchaphazela ukutolikwa kwale mithetho kwizizukulwana.
  • Ikhuthaza indlela yesizwe – unyulo lwezwe lumisela inkqubo yokufuduka, izivumelwano zamazwe ngamazwe, kunye nolungelelwano lweNkundla ePhakamileyo. Amadinga obuMongameli aphembele ijaji kangangamashumi eminyaka.
  • [[FLT: 0] iqinisekisa ukuphendula – amagosa anyuliweyo angazihoyi izihlalo zawo ezinokuba sengozini yokuphulukana nezihlalo zawo. Nokuba anivumelani nophumeleleyo, i-spreout ephezulu ithumela umyalezo othe umvoti ugqibile ukubhata kwaye uyawulinda.

Ukwanda kwamalungelo okuvota ngokwembali kususela kuMphetho-mvakalo we-15 (ukungangqubani okungaveli nxamnye) ukuya kuMgaqo-nkqubo we-19 (ukungagunyazi kwabafazi) kuMthetho wamalungelo onyaka wama-1965(16) kubonakalisa indlela abantu abalwa nzima ngayo ukupheliswa kweli tyala. Asikokuvota okuphoswa lithuba lokunika elo lifa nokubumba ikamva.

Iingxaki Ezijamelene Nenkqubo Yobuchule

Phezu kwako nje ukubaluleka konyulo, le nkqubo ijamelana nocelomngeni oluzingisileyo olunokudodobalisa okusesikweni nokuthenjwa. Ukuyiqonda le miqobo kukunceda ube ngumvoti onolwazi ngakumbi nongummeli wotshintsho.

Ucinezelo lwe Voter

Ukucinezelwa kwe-Voter kubhekisela kwimithetho kunye nezenzo ezidimaza okanye ezithintela abemi abafanelekileyo ekuvoteni. Iindlela eziqhelekileyo ziquka iimfuno ze-ID ezingqongqo zovoti, ukukhupha iirola ngaphandle kwesaziso esaneleyo, ukucutha iiyure zokuvota kwangoko, ukususa iindawo zokuvota ezikufutshane, nokufuna ubungqina bobumi. Uvavanyo olusuka kwi Brennan Center yeJan yeJaji [ ibonise ukuba ezi meko zichaphazela kakhulu ukuphumelela okusezantsi, alupheleyo, kunye nevota abambalwa abacholi. Ukuphelisa, uninzi luye lwasebenzisa ubhaliso oluzenzekelayo kunye nokukhetha iposi okunweliweyo. Ukuba udibana, udibana nomntu ongengomvoti wokhuselo olushushu (umz.66,-UROTE).

Gerrymandering

UGrerymander kukusetyenziswa ngempazamo kwemida yesithili sokhetho ukwenzela ukunika elinye iqela lezobupolitika inzuzo. Ngokunika “ivoti” abaphikisi bakwiingingqi ezininzi okanye“bajikela” kwisithili ezimbalwa, iqela elilawulayo lingazuza izihlalo ezininzi naxa liphulukana nevoti ethandwayo. Oku kunciphisa amandla okuvota abantu abanombala kwaye kunciphisa ukhuphiswano. Imingeni yenkundla iye yaneziphumo ezidityanisiweyo, kwaye amanye amazwe aye adala iikhomishini ezizimeleyo zokunciphisa ikhethelo olunekhethelo. ICities Cizens zinganyanzela ukuguqula imibala kunye nomthetho wesizwe.

Inkcazelo Ephosakeleyo Nenkcazelo Engachananga

Ulwazi lobuxoki ngabavoti, imithetho yokuvota, kunye nengqibelelo yonyulo isasazeka ngokukhawuleza kwimithombo-ndaba yoluntu kunye nakwiindawo zokukhupha eendaba eziphuma kumaqumrhu. Iintsomi eziqhelekileyo ziquka imihla engachanekanga, iingcamango zobuxoki ngokuqhatha ngeposi, kunye nokuxhasa okucetyiweyo. I-Misformation ingadida abavoti, ixinezelekileyo, okanye ivuselelo. Ukulwa oku, kusoloko kuqinisekisa ulwazi lonyulo ngemithombo esemthethweni yonyulo njengewebhsayithi yonyulo karhulumente wakho okanye imibutho engathenjwa njenge . [FLT]

Izithintelo Zokufumaneka

Ngaphandle kokucinezelwa nokungasetyenziswa, imiqobo esebenzisekayo yenza abemi abaninzi abafanelekileyo bangavoti. Oku kuquka ukunqongophala kwendlela yokuhamba, ucwangciso lomsebenzi olungqongqo, imiqobo yolwimi, kunye nokukhubazeka okwenza iindawo zokuvota zingabikho. Umthetho womanyano ufuna iindawo zokuvota kunye noncedo lweelwimi ezifikelelekayo kwezinye iindawo, kodwa ukuzalisekisa kuyahluka. Uvotelo lwangaphambili, ii-posi ezingaphakathi, kunye nokukhetha okungamiselwanga kumacala obekiweyo kunceda ekunciphiseni le miqobo. Ukuba ufuna uncedo, qhagamshelana neofisi yakho yonyulo yasekuhlaleni kusengaphambili.

Indlela Yokuhlala Ufundile Uze Ubandakanyeke

Ukuba ngumvoti onolwazi kufuneka umgudu oqhubekayo, kungekuphela nje phambi koSuku lokhetho. Landela ezi ndlela zokhetho:

  • Jonga ubhaliso lwevoti kwangoko – cwangcisa isikhumbuzi esiziphindaphindayo kwiintsuku ezingama 30 phambi konyulo ngalunye kwimo yakho.
  • abafuna uphando kunye nemilinganiselo – sebenzisa izikhokelo ezingenabupartistiki, abathathi-nxaxheba, nokufunda izikhuseli zephephandaba lasekuhlaleni. Jonga kwiingxelo zemali yesehlo ukubona ukuba ngubani oxhasa imali.
  • Amagosa onyulo kumajelo eendaba entlalo-ntle – oomabhala nezonobhala bengingqi yorhulumente badla ngokuthumela uhlaziyo malunga nexesha elimisiweyo, utshintsho kwiindawo zokuvota, kunye nokhuseleko lokhuseleko.
  • [[FLT: 0] Thetha nabahlobo nabamelwane [---ukukhuthaza abanye ukuba bavote ifuthe lakho. Amazwe amaninzi akuvumela ukuba ube ngumvoteli wovotelo okanye uqhubele abantu kwimivoco.

Unyulo lwasekuhlaleni luxhomekeke kakhulu kwigama eliphuma kumlomo. Incoko enye ingakhumbuza umntu ukuba kukho unyulo lwebhodi yesikolo nokuba ukhetho lwabo lungachaphazela ubungakanani beklasi yomntwana wabo.

Isiphelo

Ukuqonda unyulo lwasekuhlaleni, urhulumente nolorhulumente asiyosifundo nje esingokwezentlalo-ntle, esi sisixhobo esisebenzayo ekulolongeni uluntu nelizwe lakho. Ukusuka kusodolophu ogqiba ukuba kuhlawulwe ipaki ukuya kumongameli omisela inkqubo yamanye amazwe, wonke umgcini-ofisi uqala ngephulo kunye nevoti. Le nkqubo isebenza kakuhle xa ixeliwe, ikhuthaza abemi ukuba babe nenxaxheba kulo lonke umgangatho.

Njengoko unyulo olulandelayo lusondela, ziphe imizuzu embalwa ukuqinisekisa ukubhalisa kwakho, funda oko kukwindawo yakho yokuvota, uze wenze icebo lokuvota rhoqo. Ukuba sele uvote, cinga ukuba usebenza ngokuzithandela njengomvoteli okanye unceda ilungu lentsapho ukuba libhalise. ivoti nganye lilizwi, kwaye kunye, abavoti bamisela ulwalathiso lohlanga. Ukuba uthatha inxaxheba akulolungelo kuphela kodwa ngumthwalo olwenza udemokhrasi womelele ngakumbi.