Kuyintoni Ukuxolelwa Kwabemi?

Ukubekwa kwetyala ngokwesimintsho kumgaqo-nkqubo osemthethweni apho abantu, amashishini, okanye amanye amaqumrhu enza iimpikiswano kwinkqubo yenkundla. Ngokungafaniyo namatyala olwaphulo-mthetho, apho urhulumente emangalela umntu ngokophula umthetho wolwaphulo-mthetho, ukumangalelwa koburhulumente kubandakanya amaqela azimeleyo afuna amayeza afana nezono zemali, impumelelo ethile, okanye imiyalelo. Le nkqubo ingesuka kwisivumelwano esingqalileyo sokuxambulisana kwityala elintsonkothileyo okanye ityala eliyintsonkothile. Ukuqonda iimfuno ezisisiseko zolwaphulo-mthetho ziyimfuneko kuye nabani na onokuba liqela elifuna nje ukuva indlela inkqubo esesikweni elungisa ngayo iingxabano.

Uhlaziyo lwangaphakathi lulawulwa yimithetho yejiyografi eyahluka-hlukeneyo ngokolawulo, kodwa imigaqo engundoqo iyaguquguquka ngaphaya kwe-United States nakwamanye amazwe aqhelekileyo omthetho. Le mithetho yenzelwe ukuqinisekisa okusesikweni, inkqubo efanelekileyo, kunye nezigqibo ezifanelekileyo zempikiswano. Ukuntywila nzulu kwinkqubo yesizwe, Imithetho ye-Federal Procediture[ inikezela isiseko sendlela amatyala aqhelekileyo aqhutywa ngayo kwiU.S.

Ukwahluka Okuyintloko Phakathi Kwamatyala AngooNontlalo - ntle Nabesaphuli - mthetho

Kubalulekile ukwahlula ityala loburhulumente kwityala lolwaphulo-mthetho. Kwityala lolwaphulo-mthetho, urhulumente umangalela umntu ngetyala elibonakala liyingozi kwibutho labantu, kwaye izigwebo ezinokubakho ziquka ukubanjwa, ukuhlawulwa, ukuhlawulwa kwetyala, okanye ukugwetywa. Kwityala loluntu, ummangalelwa ngumntu ofuna intlawulo okanye umyalelo wenkundla wokulungisa into ephosakeleyo. Umthwalo wesiqinisekiso usezantsi nakumatyala amakhaya — umele afumane intengo yobungqina obukhoyo [[[FLT: 1]] (okunokwenzeka kakhulu ukuba akakho) uthandabuzaniswa [[FLT:]] uthandabuza amathandabunyani afanelekileyo [[FLT:]]] kwimicimbi yolwaphulo-mthetho. Oku kuthetha ukuba xa ityala lingaphumeleli, ukutyhola kolwaphulo-mthetho.

Iintlobo Eziqhelekileyo Zobuxoki

Ukuthetha ngoluntu kubandakanya iimpikiswano ezininzi. Ukwazi ezona ntlobo ziqhelekileyo kunokukunceda uqonde ukuba imeko yakho inokuba njani.

Iimpikiswano Ezimanyeneyo

Izivumelwano zisisiseko senkcubeko yorhwebo kunye nenkqubano yobuqu. Iimpikiswano zivuka xa elinye iqela lisilela ukwenza njengoko kuthenjiwe (ukuqukunjelwa kwesivumelwano) okanye xa amaqela engavumelaniyo ngokutolikwa kwamagama. Imizekelo iquka ikontraka engawugqibi umsebenzi, umthengisi ohambisa izinto ezinesiphene, okanye umnini-ndlu ongakwaziyo ukugcina indawo yokuqesha.

Iimeko Zomntu Onetyala

Xa umntu onzakele ngenxa yokungakhathali okanye ihambo yabo ngabom, banokufaka ityala lokwenzakala komntu siqu. Iingozi zemoto, iziganeko ezityibilikayo nezingahambi kakuhle, iziphumo zezonyango, kunye netyala lemveliso zidla ngokuba ngamacandelo aqhelekileyo. Injongo kukufumana kwakhona imbuyekezo yemali yezonyango, ukulahleka komvuzo, iintlungu nokubandezeleka, kunye nezinye iingozi.

Iingxabano Zempahla

Izakhiwo zefa nempahla yobuqu zinganyusa ingxubevange. Imigca ephakathi, iimpikiswano, iimbambano, iimbambano zomnini-ndlu, kunye neempikiswano ngelifa okanye umonakalo wempahla yimizekelo eqhelekileyo. Izenzo zobuthotho ziluhlobo oluthile lokumangalela olusetyenziselwa ukucombulula iimfanelo zobumnini.

Iimpikiswano Zomsebenzi

Ukudityaniswa komsebenzi kuquka izibhengezo zokuphelisa okuphosakeleyo, ucalucalulo (olusekelwe kuhlanga, ubufana, ubudala, unqulo, ukukhubazeka), ukukhathazwa, ukuphulwa kwemali kunye nokuphulwa kweeyure, kunye nokwaphulwa kwezivumelwano zemisebenzi. Imithetho yeSihloko VII soMthetho we-Civil Rights Act neSibonelelo se-Fair Labor Act inika isiseko sezininzi zezi zibhengezo.

Umthetho Wentsapho Ubalulekile

Nangona umthetho wentsapho usoloko ubandakanya iindlela zawo ezikhethekileyo, iimbambano ezininzi zentsapho zibekwa kwinkundla yamakhaya. Uqhawulo-mtshato, ukugcinwa kwabantwana, inkxaso yabantwana, inkxaso yomtshato, ukukhuliselwa komntwana, namatyala okuzala aphantsi kweli candelo. Eminye imicimbi yentsapho isenokubandakanya ukunxibelelana okanye umthetho oncedisanayo ukuze kuncitshiswe ingxabano.

Ishishini nezorhwebo

Ukongeza kwizivumelwano, amashishini asenokubandakanyeka kwiimbambano ngempahla yengqondo (uphawu, uxwebhu olusemthethweni, ukuphazanyiswa kwemvume esemthethweni), amalungelo agunyazisiweyo, ukurhoxiswa, ukhuphiswano olungekho sesikweni, ukhuphiswano olungekho sesikweni, kunye nokuphulwa kwemithetho echasa inte. La matyala anokuba luntsonkothile kakhulu kwaye afune ubuchule obukhethekileyo kwezomthetho.

Inkqubela yonikezelo lwangaphakathi: Inyathelo Ngenyathelo

Nangona ityala ngalinye lihlukile, uninzi lwamatyala asemthethweni lulandela amaqondo athe ngqo. Ukuqonda la manyathelo kuya kukunceda uqonde oko kuza kwenzeka xa ubandakanyeka ekumangalweni.

1. Umgangatho ophambili wolawulo

Phambi kokuba ityala libekwe, amaqela asoloko ezama ukusombulula impikiswano ngokungacwangciswanga. Eli candelo lingaquka ukuthumela uonobumba [[FLT: 0] obhalwe phantsi — isicelo esibhaliweyo esisemthethweni seqela elichasayo ukuba lithathe isenzo esithile (njengokuhlawula imali okanye ukuyeka ukuziphatha okubi). Amatyala amaninzi ahlala kweli nqanaba, ukugcina ixesha kunye neendleko zomthetho.

Enye indlela yokusombulula impikiswano (ADR) ikwaqhelekile. I-Mediation ibandakanya iqela lesithathu elingondileleyo elincedayo ukunxibelelana kodwa elinganyanzelisi sigqibo. I-Arbit yokwahlula-hlula[ isesikweni kakhulu: umququzeleli ufumana ubungqina kwaye unikezela ngesiqinisekiso okanye isigqibo esingabopheleliyo. I-ADR ingafuneka ngesivumelwano okanye ngemiyalelo yenkundla, kwaye isoloko inyusa isigqibo.

Ukongezelela, amaqela kufuneka aqonde iintsilelo [ ezilawulayo zomlinganiselo — ixesha elipheleleyo apho ukumangalelwa kufuneka kugcinwe khona. Ukungafikeleli oku kuhlaziywa kwexesha kungasibekela esi sigxina isiqinisekiso. Imithetho yokwahluka ngokwegunya kunye nohlobo; umzekelo, intengiso yomntu ngamnye isoloko inomlinganiselo weminyaka emi-2 okanye emithathu, ngexa isivumelwano sinokuthi sivumele 4 ukuya kwiminyaka emithandathu. Kulwazi oluninzi ngemimiselo yemiqathango enqamlezelelweyo, jongana [] ukhokelo lwe-Nolo].[FLT]]

2. Ukukhalaza

Ukuba imigudu yangaphambi kolu didi iyesilela, ummangalelwa (umphathi ozisa ityala) uqala ityala ngokufaka ityala lingcacisela kwinkundla efanelekileyo. Isikhalazo sichaza isiseko solawulo, izityholo eziyinyaniso, izityholo ezingokwasemthethweni, kunye nesiqabu esifunwayo. Kufuneka kube kufutshane kodwa kwanele ukunika ummangalelwa isaziso ngoko kuthethwa kuko.

Ngokuhambisana nesikhalazo, ummangaleli angafaka i impummons , uxwebhu olubonisa ummangalelwa etyalani kunye nommiselo wokuphendula. Iimali zokubhatala ziyahluka ngokwenkundla kwaye zisoloko zihliswa ngenxa yengeniso ephantsi.

Inkonzo yeNkqutyana

Xa isikhalazo sifakiwe, ummangalelwa kufuneka adlulisele imibhalo kummangalelwa ngendlela emiselwe ngumthetho — oku kwaziwa ngokuba isikhokelo senkqubo. Injongo kukuqinisekisa ukuba ummangalelwa ufumana isaziso esisiso kwaye unethuba lokuphendula. Iindlela ziquka ukuhanjiswa kobuqu, iposi eqinisekisiweyo, okanye inkonzo kumphathi wenkqubo yobuchule. Inkonzo e-Xhosayo inokubazisa okanye ibangele ukugxothwa.

4. Impendulo kunye nokuphikisa

Ummangalelwa unexesha elilinganiselweyo (ngokuqhelekileyo iintsuku ezingama 21 ukuya kwezingama-30 enkundleni yesizwe) ukuyila i impendulo. Kwimpendulo, ummangalelwa uyavuma okanye uyakhanyela ityala ngalinye ekumangalweni kwaye angaphakamisa ukhuseleko (umz., ummiselo wemiqathango, ukuvala ityala, ukunyanzelisa umngcipheko). Ummangalelwa angaphinda afake ifayili arlaims ajike amathemati, ngokunelisa ajike iitafile kunye nokufuna isivalo okanye uncedo kwi-palff.

Ukungaphumeleli ukuphendula ngexesha kungaphumela kugwebo olungagqibekanga — ummangalelwa uphumelela ngokuzenzekelayo ngenxa yokuba akakhange avele. Ngoko ke, ukuncokola negqwetha ngokukhawuleza kugxeka xa ufumana isimemo kunye nesikhalazo.

5. Ukufunyaniswa

Uhlolo lolunye lwezona zixa zexesha kunye namaqondo abiza imali eninzi e-litigsion. Kukutshintshiselana ulwazi olusesikweni phakathi kwamaqela. Injongo kukuvumela icala ngalinye lilungiselele ukuvavanywa ngokufumana ubungqina kwelinye icala. Izixhobo zokufunda ziquka:

  • [[UMTHETHO: 0] Izicelo [ — imibuzo ebhaliweyo emele iphendulwe phantsi kwesifungo.
  • [[UMTHETHO: 0] Izithuba — ubungqina obuphilayo obunikwa ngaphandle kwenkundla, oburekhodiweyo kwaye obusoloko bufakwe ividiyo.
  • Izicelo zokuveliswa kwamaphepha — ukucela izivumelwano, ii-imeyili, iirekhodi zezamayeza, iifoto njalo njalo.
  • Izicelo zokwamkelwa — icela omnye umntu ukuba avume okanye akhanye iingxelo ezithile zenyaniso.
  • Subpoenas — imiyalelo yenkundla efuna umntu wesithathu ukuvelisa amaxwebhu okanye ukungqina.

Le nkqubo ilawulwa yimithetho engqongqo efuna ukuba abantu bachaze inkcazelo eyimfuneko baze bavumele imiyalelo yokukhusela ukuxhatshazwa. Amagqwetha anobuchule asebenzisa izinto awazifumanayo kungekuphela nje ukuqokelela izibakala kodwa ahlole namandla nobuthathaka betyala.

6. Intshukumo yangaphambili kunye nokuvakala

Phambi kokuvavanywa, naliphi na iqela lingafakela intshukumo ukucombulula imiba ethile ngaphandle kovavanyo olupheleleyo. Iintshukumo eziqhelekileyo zangaphambi kovavanyo ziquka:

  • [[UMTL: 0] Ukukhupha [[UMTL: 1] — iphikisa ngokuthi nokuba zonke izibakala kwisikhalazo ziyinyaniso, isalathisi asinaziqinisekiso ezisemthethweni.
  • Ukujongwa kwesigwebo sesishwankathelo — kungqina ukuba akukho mpikiswano yokwenene ngezibakala zezinto eziphathekayo, ngoko inkundla mayilawule ixhasa iqela elihambayo njengomcimbi womthetho.
  • Umbutho ukunyanzela ukufunyanwa kwento — ucela inkundla ukuba iyalele omnye umntu ukuba avelise ubungqina obuceliweyo okanye iimpendulo eziphenduliweyo.
  • [[UMTL:0] Umvo kwi limine — ufuna ukungabufaki ubungqina obuthile ekulingweni.

Ukuba ukwenziwa komgwebo okhawulezileyo, ityala liphela ngelo xesha, kungenjalo, lisiya ekuvavanyweni.

7. Ukuvavanywa

Ukuba akukho ndawo okanye kugxothwa kwenzekayo, ityala liqhubekeka ukuvavanywa. Iimvavanyo zingaba zingekuba b ukuvavanywa kwebhentshi (phambi kwejaji kuphela) okanye ukuvavanywa kwetyala [. Amaqela anikela ubungqina bawo: amangqina, amaxwebhu aziswa, iingcali zinika iimbono, kwaye imiqondiso iboniswe. Icala ngalinye lingavula lize ligqibe iintetho. Ijaji (okanye ijaji) yangabomgamni) ize inikezele isigwebo.

Iimvavanyo zingahlala nayiphi na inxalenye yeeyure ezimbalwa ukuya kwiinyanga ezininzi, kuxhomekeka ekuntsonkothekeni kwemiqathango yetyala. Ukucinywa kwemiqathango yezeemvakalelo nemali kubalulekile, yiyo loo nto ininzi yamatyala asekuhlaleni ehlaliswa ngaphambi kokuba afike kweli nqanaba. Ngokutsho kohlolisiso olungokwasemthethweni oluninzi, amatyala angaphezulu kwama-95% eUnited States aconjululwa ngaphambi kokuba avavanywe ngokusetyenziswa kobuchule okanye ukuqhuba.

8. Intshukumo nezibheno zasemva

Emva kwesigqibo, iqela eliphulukana nento lisenokufakela ifayile yentshukumo zasemva kovavanyo, njenge isibheno sokuvavanywa okutsha okanye imowumo yomgwebo phezu kwesigqibo [[. Ukuba ezi zikhatywa, iqela lingabhenela kwinkundla ephezulu. Isibheno asiyondlela yokuvavanya kwakhona; inkundla ye-appellete ihlola ingxelo ukufumanisa ukuba iimpazamo ezingokwasemthethweni zenzeka oko kuchaphazela iziphumo zezinto eziphathekayo. Izibheno zinganweba zinokunyuselwa ngokweenyanga ezininzi okanye iminyaka emininzi.

Ukunyanzelwa Komgwebo

Kwanasemva kokuphumelela etyalani, ummeli kufuneka athathe amanyathelo okuqokelela imali okanye ukunyanzelisa umyalelo wenkundla. Oku kunokubandakanya imivuzo ehlawulwayo, ukubeka izingxengxezo kwimpahla, okanye ukufuna imiyalelo yenkundla yokuphanga iimpahla. Maxa wambi abameli bafaka ifayile yokubhaliswa kwemali, nto leyo enokuthi ithintele imigudu yokuqokelela iminikelo.

Oko Unokukulindela Ebudeni Bomsebenzi

Ukuqonda izinto eziyinyaniso ezikhoyo ezibangelwa kukuthetha ngeli tyala kunokukunceda ulawule izinto ozilindeleyo uze unciphise ixhala.

Ukuzibophelela Ngexesha

Amatyala amakhaya anqabile ukusombulula ngokukhawuleza. Kwanetyala elicacileyo lingathatha iinyanga ezintandathu ukuya kunyaka. Iimeko ezintsonkothileyo, ingakumbi ezo zibandakanya ukufunyanwa kakhulu, iimpikiswano ezininzi, okanye izibongozo, zingathatha iminyaka emininzi. Umonde kunye noluvo lwexesha elide zibalulekile.

Amaxabiso Neembumba

Imali yokufaka ityala ibiza imali eninzi. Iindleko ze-athorney zezona zinkulu, kodwa ezinye iindleko ziquka iindleko zemali yokufaka ityala, inkonzo yenkqubo, iileta zobungqina, iindleko zobuchule bokunikela ubungqina, ukukhuphela ifoto-foto, kunye nokuhamba. Amagqwetha amaninzi asebenza ngokuhambelana kwiimeko zobungozi bobuqu (ahlawulwa kuphela ukuba uphumelele), kodwa ezinye iindidi zemali zifuna umrhumo weyure, umrhumo ocabayo, okanye umgcini-mvume. Ngokutsho kwendlela [[FLT: 0][FLT] Imanyano yeMelikan Bar Bar, ijelo leediadiagences zeyure zegnotein e-US. ifanele ixutyuswe ngokwee-$300]

Uxinezeleko Ngokweemvakalelo

Iimpikiswano ezingokwasemthethweni zibangelwa yindalo zisemngciphekweni kwaye zinokuphazamisa ulwalamano lobuqu noloshishino. Ukungaqiniseki ngeziphumo, iimfuno zexesha, kunye nengcinezelo yemali konke oku kunegalelo kuxinezeleko. Iinkundla ezininzi zinentlobo zoncedo lobuqu okanye “zineekliniki ezizi-se”, kodwa ukuba negqwetha elinamava kunokuzinciphisa ngokuphawulekayo umthwalo ongokweemvakalelo.

Ukuthanda Ukuhlala

Amatyala amaninzi amakhaya ahlala — ngokufuthi kwiinkalo ezininzi kule nkqubo, ukususela kwingxoxo yokuqala ukuya kumanyathelo enkundla. Ukuhlaliswa kokulondoloza ixesha, imali, namandla angokweemvakalelo. Noko ke, ukuhlaliswa kufuneka kulalanisa, kwaye amaqela kufuneka avavanye ukuba kuqinisekiswe ukusombulula iingozi neengenelo zokuvavanywa. Ukuququzelelwa kwetyala kuyinto eqhelekileyo ukuncedisa ukusingatha nakweliphi iqondo, kwaye iinkundla ezininzi zifuna ukuba amaqela abekho ubuncinane kwintlanganiso enye yonxibelelwano ngaphambi kokuchotshelwa kwetyala.

Ukufumana Iathorney Efanelekileyo

Ngokungathandabuzekiyo, ukukhetha imelo elisemthethweni sesona sigqibo sibalulekileyo ekumangalelweni kwelizwe. Igqwetha elinobuchule linokwenza umahluko phakathi kweziphumo ezintle nentlekele.

Amava Kwinkalo Yomthetho Efanelekileyo

Umthetho ungowobuchule kakhulu. Igqwetha elisingatha amatyala oqhawulo-mtshato lisenokungabi lukhetho olungcono ekumangaleleni ityala lemveliso. Jonga kwigqwetha eligxininisa kuhlobo oluthile lwempikiswano onayo. Iinkqubo ezininzi zemithetho yezomthetho zinika oovimba beefayili ngokwendawo yokuqhelisela.

Ucalulo kunye neNgxelo yoMxhasi

Uhlolo olukwikhompyutha, igama-omouth, kunye neembekiselo zobugcisa zinganika ukuqonda ngobuchule nesimilo segqwetha. Khangela amaqonga anjenge-Avvo, iMartindale-Hubbell, okanye iirekhodi zesizwe sakho zoqeqesho. Musa ukuxhomekeka kuphela kwi-webhsayithi yegqwetha.

Uthungelwano noFikelelo

Igqwetha elinamava linokuya kunika abasebenzi bezakhono okanye izinxulumani ezincinane — oko kuyinto eqhelekileyo — kodwa ufanele ufumane igqwetha elikhokelayo kwizigqibo eziphambili.

Ulwakhiwo lwembumba kunye nokubonakala ngaphaya

Fumana isivumelwano somrhumo esibhaliweyo. Qonda ukuba ubhaliswe ngeyure, ngesiseko somrhumo osisicaba, okanye ngokuphangalala. Buza ngeendleko ezongezelelekileyo (iindleko zobuchule, iindleko zokugcina imali, uhambo). Ziphephe amagqwetha athembisa iziphumo ezingekho ngqiqweni okanye afuna ukuba abagcini-mali abaninzi bangene phambili bangathethelelwanga ngokucacileyo.

“ Igqwetha elixabiso eliphantsi alisoloko lilungile, kwaye elona lixabiso liphezulu alisoloko liphumelela. Jonga ixabiso: ubuchule, uthungelwano, kunye nelungiselelo lomrhumo elifanelekileyo.” — icebiso eliluncedo elisuka kumava.

Ezinye Izinto Ezinokukhokelela Ekuvuselelweni

Ukungxengxezwa koluntu asiyondlela yokuphela yokucombulula ingxabano. Kwiimeko ezininzi, ezinye iindlela zikhawuleza, zibiza imali eninzi, kwaye zifihlakele ngakumbi. Qwalasela ezi zilandelayo:

  • [[UMTL: 0] Ingxoxo — ngokufuthi yeyona ndlela ilula nencinane esesikweni.
  • [[UMTL:0] Intsingiselo — Isithinteli sobundilele sinceda iqela lifumane isisombululo esamkelekileyo.
  • I-Arbitanation — Yisigqibo esibophelelayo esingumququzeleli wabucala, ngokufuthi okhawulezayo kunenkundla.
  • Umthetho wobalo — omabini amacala ayavuma ukusombulula ngaphandle kokutyikitya intsebenziswano kwaye asayina isivumelwano sokuthatha inxaxheba; idla ngokusetyenziswa kumthetho wentsapho.
  • Ityala letyala labachopheli-tyala — Intetho yenkohliso kwilungu lejaji lokwenene ukuvavanya indlela elinokudlala ngayo ityala.

Kwanokuba sele ukwilixa elingephi, akufane kwenzeke ukuba ufike emva kwexesha ukuba ugocagoce okanye uxinzelele iADR. Iinkundla zisoloko zikhuthaza okanye zifuna ukuba nenxaxheba kwiinkqubo zeADR ngaphambi kokuba uchotshelwe.

Isiphelo

Ukuzidityanisa kwemibutho yelizwe kucetyiswa kodwa kucetyiswa kodwa kucetyiswa ngokulula okufuna ukulungiselela, oovimba, kunye nokhokelo olulungileyo. Ukusukela kwimpikiswano yokuqala ukuya kwisibheno sokugqibela, inyathelo ngalinye lineziphumo ezifanelekileyo kunye nemali. Ngokuqonda amaqondo — iinguqu zangaphambi kwegama, ukuncedwa, ukufunyanwa, ukuvavanywa, kunye nomva kwentlanganiso — ungasondela kwinkqubo ngolindelo olusengqiqweni kwaye uphephe imigibe eqhelekileyo. Ukuba ungumntu ofuna okusesikweni okanye ummangalelwa okhusela amalungelo akho, ulwazi luyimpahla yakho egqwesileyo. Ngamaxesha onke ucebisa igqweqwesi elifanelekileyo elinokunikela icebiso elilungisekayo kwimeko yakho ethile. Ukufunda okubheke phambili kwimiqatha nezivaka yenkqubo yamakhaya, [[FLD:][FF]