Imozulu Njengentsonkotha Ethuleyo Kwisikhuseli

Imozulu yenye yezinto ekuxoxwa ngazo kancinane kodwa eziziziphumo ezizingisileyo zokuguqula unyulo. Ngoxa amaphulo ediza ubuncwane kwimisebenzi yokuthumela imiyalezo kunye nomhlaba, isiphango sequbuliso okanye isikhukula sobushushu esingalindelekanga singaguqula iziphumo eziphawulekayo kanye ngokunjalo qha kwimijaho ekufuphi. Ukuqonda indlela iimeko ezahlukeneyo zemozulu ezichaphazela ngayo abavoti kwiindawo zokuvota, amagosa ezobupolitika, kunye nabemi abakhathalela ukuthabatha inxaxheba kwidemokhrasi.

Ukujika kwenqanawa akufane kubonwe ngomahluko omnye, kodwa imozulu isebenza njenge-overse, engeyoparatistant. Ingandisa ukungalingani okukhoyo ekufikeleleni nasenyanzelweni. Ummi ojongene nohambo olude, ongenazo ezothutho ezithembekileyo, okanye onezinto zempilo ezinokuchatshazelwa ngokungenakuthelekiswa nanto yimozulu enzima. Ngokuchasene noko, iimeko ezizolileyo, ezishushu zingakhuthaza kwanabo basemathangeni ukwenza uhambo.

Uphando olusuka kwinzululwazi yezopolitiko, kwezoqoqosho, nakwimozulu luye lwayikala le miphumela. Kwi-intshi nganye yemvula ngoSuku Lokhetho, ukujika kungahla nge-1 ukuya kwi-2 yeepesenti. I-snowwant inokuba nempembelelo enkulu, ingakumbi kwimimandla engaqhelwanga nayo. Kodwa eli bali licace kakhulu: imozulu ayichaphazeli bonke abavoti abalinganayo, kwaye impembelelo yalo ixhomekeke ekufumaneni kweminye imijelo efana novota, ii-posi, kunye neendawo zokuvota ezityikitya ezityikiswe kakuhle.

Umatshini: Indlela Imozulu Etshintsha Ngayo Ukuziphatha

Ulwalamano phakathi kwemo yezulu novota lukhokelwa ziimeko ezininzi ezingokwasengqondweni nezobugcinsula. Kumgangatho ophantsi, imozulu embi inyusa ixabiso lokuvota. Ukuhamba kuyacotha, kungabi nakhuseleko, kwaye kungabi nakuchaphazeleka. Ukuma emgceni ngaphandle kuyabekeka. Oku kuthintela ngokungenakulinganiswa namali abo baneentshukumisa eziphantsi, abanocwangciso oluqinileyo, okanye imiqathango engokomzimba.

Kukwakho neziphumo ezibhaliweyo ze-“mood”. Imozulu entle idla ngokuphucula imbono yabantu bonke, enokuthi ikhulise ukudibana kwebutho labantu kunye nexabiso elibonakalayo lokuthabatha inxaxheba. Imvula, isithuthi, kunye nobushushu obugqithisileyo bungabangela uxinezeleko okanye ukungakhathali, kunciphise imvakalelo yokuthatha inyathelo. Oku kuyimfuneko ngokukodwa kubavoti abaphantsi abasoloko bengenamdla.

Ekugqibeleni, impembelelo yemozulu yesazulu kunye nentsebenziswano yentlalo. Ngosuku oluhle, incoko ethetha ngokuvota ilungile, kwaye ukuhamba kwindawo ebanzi kuphezulu. Ngosuku loqhwithela, ingxelo yendaba ingatshintshela kwizilumkiso zemozulu kunokuba ifumane imiyalezo ekhatshwayo, ingakumbi ukurhoxa okudimazayo.

Imvula Nekhephu: Iinqindi Eziziinkcitho Ezisexesheni

Imvula

Imvula enkulu yeyona ifundwa rhoqo. Uphando oluye lwenziwa eUnited States, e-Europe, nase-Australia lubonisa ukungavumelani okuchaseneyo phakathi kwemvula kunye nomvoti. Uvavanyo lwesiphawuli sonyaka wama 2007 nguGomez, Hansford, kunye noKrause lufumanise ukuba unyuko lwe-intshi enye kwimvula lunciphisa ukujika malunga no-0.8 ukuya ku-1, ngokwe-1,2, iincam ze-pasenti, kuxhomekeke kumzekelo. Oku kungabonakala kuncinane, kodwa kunyulo olusondeleyo "* olufana nonyulo lomongameli wase-U.000 okanye u-2016 Brettententerum-jul.

Imvula ichaphazela abavoti ngeendlela ezininzi: iziphumo ezingakumbi kunyuswa kwendlela emanzi zinyusa ixesha lokuhamba, ukumisa kufuphi neendawo zokuvota kuyaqina, kwaye abavoti kufuneka bahambe ngeeambrela. Izixhobo zangaphakathi zingaxinene njengoko abantu bethatha ixesha elide besusa iijazi ezimanzi. Iziphumo zinzima kakhulu kubavoti abanoncedo lokuhamba, abazali nabantwana, kunye nalawo asemaphandle apho iindawo zokutyela zikude.

Ikhephu Nomkhenkce

Ikhephu lidala imiqobo emikhulu kunemvula. Inokwenza iindlela zihambe, zicoceke ngokusondeleyo kwiimeko ezimandundu, kwaye inyanzelisa amagosa onyulo ukuba alibazise ukuvulwa. Impembelelo yekhephu ikwindawo ephakamileyo: isiqingatha se-intshi eAtlanta ingenza uvoteko, ngelixesha unyawo oluseMinneapolis lungakhutshwanga. Uhlolisiso lwangonyaka ka2018 lonyulo lomongameli wase-US lwafumanisa ukuba ikhephu lomhla wonyulo lwe-Ecompution lincitshisiwe ngomlinganiselo weepesenti ezimbini ukuya kwezine, ngeziphumo ezinkulu kumazwe angaqhelanga imozulu yobusiko.

Ikhephu likwaqala inkxalabo yokhuseleko. Abavoti abalupheleyo nabo baneziphene basenokungakwazi ukushiya amakhaya abo. Abasebenzi abasebenza kwiindawo ezingekho mthethweni basenokuzama ukuphumeza izabelo zabo. Kwezinye iindawo, amagosa onyulo avakalisa iingozi aze andise iiyure zokuvota okanye anike izitishi zokuvota ezihlala kwenye indawo, kodwa olu tshintsho lungabangela ukudideka nokucinywa nokuba abantu abakwaziyo ukubhadula na nangona beneenjongo ezintle.

Ubushushu Obugqithiseleyo: Bushushu, Bubanda, Buye Butshisa Yonke Into Ephakathi

Imozulu ebandayo

Amaqondo obushushu abandayo kakhulu ngezantsi kwe-ayisi okanye kufuphi nama-digidi ashinyeneyo . "amandla ombane" abavoti abamele bahambe, balinde ngaphandle, okanye baxhomekeke kwiinqwelo-mafutha ezisenokungaqali. Ukurhaxwa komlomo kunganyusa ukurhoxa emsebenzini, kodwa oko kusoloko kungaguquleli ekuvoteleni okungakumbi. Endaweni yoko, abavoti bahlala nje ekhaya. Isiphumo sinamandla kwimimandla enemozulu ethambileyo engenasiseko esiphezulu sengqele, njengeendawo ezishushu zokumisa iibhasi okanye indawo zokulinda ezishushu kwiindawo zokutyela.

Okubangel ’ umdla, ukubanda okuphakathi (40-50°F) kungaba neziphumo ezingondilele okanye ezincinci, njengokuba isithuthi esisigqumi nomoya opholileyo sisenza ukuphuma kwenqanawa kuzive kunenjongo. Kodwa xa iqondo lobushushu lihla ngaphantsi kwe-2°F, ukurhoxa kwenqanawa kutsho kabukhali.

Amaza Ashushu

Ubushushu obugqithisileyo, ingakumbi ngaphezu kwe-9°F (32°C), bungadinwa ngokulinganayo. Iivoter zingaphelelwa ngamandla xa zilinde emgceni, ziveliswe kukudinwa kobushushu, okanye ziphephe nje ukushiya amakhaya anezixhobo zomoya. Kwiindawo ezininzi, iindawo zokuhlanganisa zibekwe kwizikolo, kwiindawo zoluntu, okanye iicawa ezisenokungabi nako ukuphola okuthembekileyo. Imigca emide elangeni ingajika ibe ziingozi zempilo, inyanzelela abanye abavoti ukuba balahle amacebo abo.

Uphando lwama-2020 olwenziwa yiYunivesithi yaseKhalifoniya lwafumanisa ukuba ngeentsuku ezinobushushu obuphezulu ngaphezu kwe-10°F (38°C), umvoti unyuke ngomlinganiselo we 4% xa kuthelekiswa neentsuku namaqondo obushushu kuma-70. Isiphumo sachazwa kakhulu ngabavoti abadala kunye nabo baneengxaki zempilo ezinganyangekiyo.

Umoya, Ukuthozama, Nenkungu: Bajonge Nje Kodwa Beyokwenene

Umoya

Imimoya enamandla yenza ukuvota kube nzima kwaye kube yingozi, ingakumbi kubantu abahamba ngeebhayisekile okanye abahamba ngenqwelo-moya. Bangankqonkqoza, baphazamise imigxuma engaphandle, kwaye imvula okanye ikhephu (elisele liyingozi) ziba buhlungu. Isantya somoya esingaphezulu kwe 20 mph siye sanxulunyaniswa nonyuko olusezantsi kancinci kuphando oluvela eUnited Kingdom naseKhanada.

Uburharha

Ukufuma okuphezulu kuyenza ingabinakuphupha. Kuyenza ime emgceni izive icinezelekile kwaye inokuthintela abavoti abanokunyamezela iqondo lobushushu eliphakathi. Ngokuchaseneyo, ukufuma okusezantsi kakhulu (iimeko ezikufutshane) kungenza amehlo nomqala wome ixesha elide, kodwa oku akufundwa kangako.

Inkungu

Inkungu egqugqisileyo inciphisa ukubonakala kunye nesantya sokuqhuba esikhuselekileyo. Ikwabangela imvakalelo yengqondo yokungaqiniseki kunye nomngcipheko, ingakumbi kubavoti abahamba kwiindlela zasemaphandleni. Nangona inkungu iyodwa ingakucutha ukunyuka njengemvula okanye ikhephu, idibanisa ukhukuliso olunokonyusa umlinganiselo kwabo sele bengenangxaki yokwenza uhambo.

Iziphumo eziDityanisiweyo kwiQela eliHlanganisiweyo

Imozulu ayichaphazeli bonke abavoti ngokulinganayo. Eyona mpembelelo yomonakalo ivakalayo kubemi abasele bejongene nemiqobo yokuvota. Ukuqonda ezi zinto zahlukileyo kubaluleke kakhulu ekuyileni iinkqubo zonyulo ezizizodwa.

Abasebenzi Abakhulileyo Nabaneenkonzo Ezikhubazekileyo

Abantu abadala nabantu abadala abaneziphene bayakwazi ukuva amaqondo obushushu agqithisileyo, umkhenkce, kunye neendawo ezimanzi. Basenokusebenzisa izitulo ezinamavili, iinqwelo zokuhamba okanye iinkonkxa eziba nzima ukuqhuba kwikhephu okanye kwimvula enzima. Abantu abaninzi abakhulileyo baxhomekeke kwizithuthi zikawonke-wonke okanye kwizithuthi zentsapho, ezinokuphazanyiswa yimozulu embi. Uhlolisiso lubonisa ukuba abavoti abangaphezulu kwama-65 basebenzisa kakhulu kuneejoli elincinane kwiMini yeNqamfa yekhephu.

Izixhobo ezifunyenweyo eziphantsi

Imisebenzi efunyenwe lula isenokungabi yeyona inokuba neenqwelo-mafutha, isenokuba nemisebenzi yeyure engekho rhoxi, kwaye inokwenzeka ngakumbi ukuba ijonge imigama emide ukuya kwiindawo zokuvota. Imozulu embi yenza ukuhamba, ukubhabha, okanye ukulinda iibhasi nzima. Basenokungabi nazo iimpahla ezifanelekileyo ngaphandle ngenxa yokugqithisa. Ezi zinto zidityanisiweyo zenza imozulu ibe ngumoya ojikelezayo.

Ukungqubana Kwamakhaya Nemisetyenzana Yasezidolobheni

Abavoti basemaphandleni badla ngokuhamba imigama emide ukuya kwiindawo zabo zokuvota, maxa wambi kwiindlela ezingalungiswanga ezifunxe udaka okanye ikhephu. I-Snowpowlows ingafika ngokukhawuleza kwindlela zasemaphandleni. Abavoti base-Urban banemigama emifutshane kodwa basenokujongana nezitishi zokuvota ezixineneyo, iintambo ezingaphandle, nokungabi nandawo yokuzifihla. Zombini ezi zisemgangathweni, kodwa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo.

Izixhobo zexesha lokuqala nezolutsha

Abavoti abaselula, ingakumbi abo bavota okokuqala, basenokudimazeka yimozulu ngenxa yokuba benomkhwa omncinane wokuvota. Basenokungakulungeli ukulungiselela iimeko ezimaxongo, bexhomekeke ekuthuthweni okanye ekuhambeni kukawonke-wonke. Noko ke, abavoti abaselula basenokusebenzisa uvotelo kwangoko okanye lweposi ukuba lukhona, nto leyo enokuthi inciphise iziphumo zemozulu.

Indima Yokusasaza Iposi Kusengaphambili

Enye yezona ndlela zisebenzayo ukunciphisa impembelelo yemozulu kuSuku lokhetho kukunikela ngokhetho olunamandla lokuvota kwangethuba kunye nokhetho lokuposa. Xa abavoti benokuphosa iintsuku zabo zokuvota okanye iiveki phambi kwexesha, bangakhetha usuku olunemozulu entle. Ukuvota iposi kuphelisa ngokupheleleyo uhambo nokulinda ngaphandle.

Uhlolisiso oluvela kumaphondo agcweleyo ngokuvota iposi, njengo-Oregon, iColorado, kunye neWashington, lubonisa ukuba umvoti uxhomekeke kwimozulu encinci. Kwanalapho uvotelwa kwangethuba kodwa kungekhona jikelele, iziphumo zemozulu kuSuku loNnyulo ziyancipha ngenxa yokuba abavoti baninzi abanochuku oluchaphazelekayo lwemozulu badla ngokuvota kwangoko. Noko ke, ukuvota kwangoko akuyo i-pancasa: abavoti abalibazisayo okanye abangazaziyo iinketho ezithi zijongene nemozulu yomhla wokhetho.

Amagosa okhetho afanele akhuthaze ukuvota kwangethuba aze athumele iposi ngenkcitho kwimimandla enemozulu embi yembali kaNovemba.

Imikhosi yoNkxaso

Iindawo zokungcolisa zinokwenziwa zilungelelaniswe ngakumbi ngokucwangcisa ngononophelo kunye notyalo-mali. Ezi ndlela zilandelayo ziphunyezwe kwimimandla eyahlukeneyo ngempumelelo ebhaliweyo:

  • [[UMTL: 0] Iprojekthi egqunyiweyo kwindawo zokulinda kunye neendawo zokufihla. Iintente, izikhuseli zeseyile, kunye neendawo eziphuphumayo ngaphakathi kuthintela abavoti ukuba bangami kwimvula, kwikhephu, okanye elangeni. Oku kunciphisa ukoyikisa ukufola.
  • Iiyure zokuvota ezikhutshiweyo. Ukuba imozulu embi ixelwe kwangaphambili okanye iyenzeka, amagosa onyulo angakhupha imiyalelo kaxakeka yokugcina uvoti luvuliwe kamva, enika abavoti ifestile ukuba bafike xa iimeko ziphucula.
  • Ukumisa uphando nokufumaneka. Sutha ikhephu, amachaphaza ahambayo, kunye nesalatha uphando olufikelelekayo lokupaka kufutshane nomnyango. Ukunika amavolontiya ukunceda abavoti ngemibandela yokuhamba.
  • [[NTL: 0] Icebo lemo yezulu lexesha lokwenene. Sebenzisa imiyalezo yombhalo, iredisi yezentlalo, neendaba zasekuhlaleni ukulumkisa abavoti malunga nolibaziseko olulindelekileyo okanye iingozi. Ukunika uhlaziyo ngexesha lokulinda ukuze abavoti bacebe ngokufanelekileyo.
  • [[UMTL: 0]] unikezelo. amanzi afakwe ebhotile, iambrela, ishushu yesandla, kunye neekawusi ezomileyo zinganikelwa kwiindawo zokuvota ezikwimeko ezimandundu.

Uhlolisiso Lwetyala: Ukhetho Lwama - 2020 LWESIHLABATHI

Unyulo lwangoNovemba 2020 lwase-US lwabona imozulu eguquguqukayo kulo lonke ilizwe. KwiMidwest, ukudityaniswa kwemvula nekhephu kwakhokelela kwiingxelo zemigca emide kunye nabavoti abagetyi. Amanye amazwe, njengoWisconsin, anamava ekhephu awazilibazisayo ixesha lokuvula. Kodwa ujiko jikelele lwaba yeyona iphezulu kumashumi eminyaka, ubukhulu becala ngenxa yokuthomalalisa imithetho yokuvota yebhabhabha elibhabhabhayo. Oku kubonisa ukuba iziphumo zemozulu zingancitshiswa xa eminye imiqobo ihlwili ihliwe. Noko ke, kumazwe awazange andise ukuvota iposi okanye ukuvota kwasekuqaleni, ukhuthulo lwemozulu lwaluselubonakala kwi-data yomgangatho we-onke.

Imizekelo Yamazwe Ngamazwe

KuManyanokazi, apho imozulu emanzi nemomo-moya ixhaphakile entwasahlobo nasekwindla, izitishi zokuvota zidla ngokwandisa iiyure kwaye zinike intlawulo ngaphakathi ngaphakathi. ESweden, apho uNovemba ubandayo kwaye umnyama, ukujika okuphezulu kugcinwa ngokwenxenye kwiifestile zokuvota ezinde kakhulu (ukuya kwientsuku ezingama-30). EIndiya, unyulo ludla ngokucwangciselwa ukuphepha ixesha lemvula, kwaye iintente zokucoca zexeshana zimiswa ngemiqamelo. Le mizekelo ibonisa ukuba ucwangciso lwemozulu lungumsebenzi ongcono ehlabathini lonke, hayi ubunewubonelo.

Uqikelelo nokucwangciswa

Abalawuli bokhetho kufuneka bafake iingqikelelo zemozulu kumjikelo wabo wocwangciso lwemozulu kuqaliswe iveki enye phambi koSuku loNnyulo. Ukuba imozulu embi ixelwe kwangaphambili, izenzo ezitshayelayo zingaquka oomatshini bokwenza umbane bokhuselo, ukucoca iindlela zekhephu kwiindawo zokuqokelela, kunye nokubeka izibonelelo zongxamiseko. Amazwe amaninzi anegunya elisemthethweni lokukhupha abasebenzi bexesha elimisiweyo okanye iiyure zokucola xa kuvakaliswa ungxamiseko lwemozulu.

Kubalulekile ngokulinganayo ukuceba imozulu eyenzeka ngexesha lovota kwangoko okanye ngoSuku loNnyulo ngokwalo. Unxibelelwano namasebe olawulo olungxamisekileyo, oomatshini bokulawula amandla, kunye namasebe ezithuthi lungaqinisekisa ukusabela ngokukhawuleza. Imozulu yoSuku lokhetho inqabile, kodwa kwanoqhwithela oluphakathi lungaphelisa amakhulu amawaka abavoti kwiphondo elikhulu.

Isiphelo: Imozulu Yinkqubo Engeyomfuneko, Asiyondawo Yokuthethelela Ukuhamba Okusezantsi

Imozulu ingumqondiso owothukayo kwihambo yokuvota, kodwa impembelelo yayo ayiphepheki. Izibonelelo zonyulo, iindlela zokuvota ezibonelelwa ngokukhawuleza nangeposi, kwaye ucwangciso olunentsebenziswano lungaphelisa iziphumo ezininzi zemozulu. Injongo ayifanele ibe kukuphelisa impembelelo yemozulu qha, kodwa ingeyonto inokwenzeka qha ukuyenza ibe yinto encinane, ingakumbi kwabo banokuba ngabacuphi ababuthathaka.

Ulawulo-demokhrasi luvavanywa kungekuphela ngeentsuku ezishushu. Umlinganiselo wokwenyaniso wenkqubo yonyulo yindlela enceda ngayo abemi xa uqikelelo lumfiliba. Ngokuvuma indima yemo yezulu nangokuthabatha amanyathelo asekelwe kubungqina bokuyilwa, amagosa onyulo angaqinisa umgaqo wokuba lonke ukhetho olufanelekileyo lufanele lubalwe.

[[UMTL] Izalathiso ze-External[[UMTL]