Indaleko Yokhetho Oluphambili Kulawulo - melo Lwale Mihla

Unyulo lokuqala lumela enye yezona nkqubo zilandelayo ziphambili kwisixokelelwano sedemokhrasi sangoku, etshintsha indlela amaqela ezobupolitika akhetha ngayo abathwali bawo abasezantsi nendlela abavoti abazenza ngayo izigqibo zabo jikelele. Inkqubo apho amaqela agqiba ngayo ukuba abaququzeleli bawo batshintshe ngokuphawulekayo kwinkulungwane edluleyo, ukususwa kumagumbi azele ngumsi apho abalawuli beqela benza izigqibo emva kweminyango yokuvala iingcango ukuya ngokuqhubekayo kwinkqubo yokukhetha. Ukuqonda ubukhulu becala bendlela abavoti abachaphazeleli abachaphazele ngayo ukhetho nokuziphatha kwabo kufuna ukuba bangahlolisi nje kuphela iindidi zeentlobo eziphambili, kodwa kwaneentlobo-ntlobo-ntlobo, ezopolitiki, ezongezekayo, ezopolitiko, kunye nezinyathiko ezisebenza ingqondo ekudlaleni.

EUnited States, inkqubo esisiseko iye yaba yeyona ndlela iphambili yokukhetha iqela elincinane phantse kumgangatho ngamnye worhulumente, ukusuka kwiibhodi zesikolo zasekuhlaleni ukuya kumgangatho wobumongameli ngokwawo. Ukutshintshela kwizindlu zangasese ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yama-20 kwaye ukukhawuleza ebudeni beminyaka yee-1970 kwaguqula ulwalamano phakathi kwamaqela kunye nabavoti bawo, kudala amathuba omabini okuba nenxaxheba kwedemokhrasi enkulu kunye neengxaki ezinxulumene nokumela, ukuhlaliswa kwemimandla yephondo, kunye nenkqubo yephulo.

Ukuchaza iinkqubo ezisisiseko kunye noguquguquko lwazo lolwakhiwo

Embilinini wayo, unyulo lokuqala lukhuphiswano lokuqala oluqulethwe ngamaqela ezobupolitika ukugqiba ukuba ngowuphi umvo oza kumela iqela kunyulo ngokubanzi. Noko ke, imithetho ekhethekileyo elawula ukuba ngubani onokuba nenxaxheba nendlela amavoti abalwa ngayo ukuba ahlukane ngokuphawulekayo ngaphaya kolawulo kwaye aneziphumo ezinzulu.

Izakhono Ezivaliweyo: Ingqeqesho Yomanyano Neemfuno Zokunyanzela Amalungu

Kwinkqubo ezisisiseko ezivaliweyo, amalungu eqela abhalisiweyo kuphela avunyelwa ukuvota kunyulo oluphambili lweqela lawo. Esi sakhiwo singenisa abavoti kwiqela elisemthethweni, sidala imida ecacileyo phakathi kwenkampu zolawulo. Abaxhasi baphikisayo ukuba iiprimmetics zithintela ukuvota okucwangcisiweyo ngamalungu amaqela aphikisanayo asenokuzama ukuphembelela ukuthomalalisa umvoti womntu ongomelelanga. Umzekelo, kunyulo jikelele olukhuphiswano, abaxhasi beqela eliphikisanayo bangavota kwinkanunu yeqela ephambili yokukhetha umkhuphi ophambili wokukhetha amaqela anokubona lula ukoyisa.

Amazwe anjenge New York, Florida, kunye neKentucky asebenza ngokusemthethweni avalwa iinkqubo eziphambili. Uphando oluvela kwizazinzulu zezobupolitika lubonisa ukuba amagumbi aphezulu avala isithethe adla ngokuvelisa abo bavumelana kakhulu nesiseko semvo seqela, njengokuba abo bathabatha inyathelo lokubhalisa ngokusemthethweni neqela bebonke kakhulu ngokwezobupolitika yaye benemiqathango eyomelele ngakumbi kuneyonyulo ebanzi.

Izakhono Ezivulekileyo: Ukuthabatha Inxaxheba Ekwandiseni Neengxaki Ezifanelekileyo

Iinkqubo ezivulekileyo ezisisiseko zivumela nawuphi na umvoti obhalisiweyo ukuba athathe inxaxheba nakweluphi na unyulo oluphambili lweqela, kungakhathaliseki ukuba luluphi na unxulumano lwalo. Le modeli igxininisa ubuninzi bokuthabatha inxaxheba kwaye inciphisa imiqobo ekuvotelweni. Kwimimandla enjengeMichigan, Wisconsin, kunye neMinnesota, abavoti bakhetha nje ukuba yeliphi iqela eliphambili abanqwenela ukuvota kulo ngomhla wonyulo, ngaphandle kokuba bavakalise ukuba lilungu elisisigxili.

Imodeli ecacileyo ivelise umdla omkhulu njengendlela yokuguqula enokwenzeka kuba ivumela abavoti abazimeleyo nabangenayo, abamela icandelo elikhulayo lonyulo, ukuba babe nelizwi kwinkqubo yokukhupha izithuba. Ngokwenkcazelo evela kwiZiko lophando lwePew, izabelo zamaMelika achaza ukuba zizikhundla zezobupolitika ziye zakhula ngokuphawulekayo ukutyhubela amashumi eminyaka akutshanje, zisenza ukucinywa kwazo ekuvaleni iindawo zokutyela kube yinkxalabo eqhubekayo.

I-Semi- Ivalelwe kunye ne-Semi-Open Hybrids

Uninzi lwamazwe lufumene iinkqubo ezixubileyo ezizama ukulungelelanisa amaxabiso akhuphisanayo eqela elizimeleyo kunye nokuthatha inxaxheba ebanzi. Abavoti abangafakwanga kwi-primes bavumela ukuba bathathe inxaxheba kwiqela ngalinye elingundoqo ngelixa bemisela amalungu abhalisiweyo kukhuphiswano lwamaqela abo. Ngokuchasene noko, bavumela abavoti ukuba bakhethe ukuba yeyiphi inxalenye yokuqala yokuthabatha inxaxheba ngomhla wonyulo, kodwa abavoti abasele bebhalisile kwiqela kufuneka bavote kwisigaba esiphambili seqela.

Ezi nkqubo zidibeneyo zibonisa inyaniso yokuba akukho sakhiwo sinye esiphambili esisebenza ngokugqibeleleyo kuwo onke amaxabiso edemokhrasi. Ukhetho phakathi kweendidi ezohlukeneyo ezingundoqo ngokungenakunqandwa lubandakanya ukurhweba phakathi komanyano lweqela, umvoti, ummeli, nokuxhathisa ekusebenziseni ubuchule.

Ukuphuhliswa Kwenkqubo Esisiseko Ngokwembali

Ukuqonda inkqubo esisiseko yexesha elinye kufuna uxabiso lwendaleko yayo yembali. Ngaphambi kwenkulungwane yama-20, abalawuli beqela babekhethwa ngokulandela icucuuses kunye neendibano ezazilawulwa ngamaqela aphezulu. IXesha leNkqubela lazisa iimfuno zokuba nenxaxheba kwidemokhrasi enkulu, nto leyo eyakhokelela ekuthatheni unyulo lokuqala kumazwe amaninzi. Noko ke, ezi ntlalo zangaphambili zazisoloko zingabopheleli okanye zingaqhubi, kunye neendibano zeqela ezigcina igunya lokugqibela kwiingqungquthela.

Inkqubo engundoqo yale mihla njengoko siyazi namhlanje yavela kakhulu kwiNgqungquthela yesizwe yeDemocratic yowe-1968 ephazamisayo, apho abachasi-mfazwe baphikisa ukuba inkqubo yokutyunjwa ilawulwa liqela elingaphakathi elatyeshela ukhetho lwesigaba nefayile yokuvota. Iingcinezelo ezilandelayo zeMcGGovern-Fraser zaseka imigaqo efuna amaqela karhulumente ukuba avule kwaye asebenzise iinkqubo zokuxhasa ukukhethwa kothunyelelwa, ngokunempumelelo okanye avule ii-kaucrectives. Iingcinezelo ezifanayo zokuguqula iRiphabliki, kwaye ngo-1970, ii-Primmary zaba yinkqubo ephambili yomthetho efuna amaqela oonobumba abasebenzi abasebenzi abasebenzi abasebenzisa iinkqubo zokukhetha abathunywa, okanye abachaphazamisi-ovula ii-kadioussu.

Ubuchule Bokukhetha Ngeebhayisekile

Ukuqonda le misebenzi kucacisa isizathu sokuba inkqubo yokuqala ibaluleke kakhulu kwinkqubo yezopolitiko ebanzi.

Ukuvavanywa Okufanelekileyo Nokwakha Isakhiwo

Izaphuli-mthetho zinikela ubuchule bokuvavanya apho abatshati-nxaxheba kufuneka babonise amandla abo okutsala abavoti, ukunyusa izimali, nokumelana nohlolo lwezopolitiko. Impumelelo kukhuphiswano lokuqala, ngokukodwa kumaphondo anjengoIowa kunye neNew Hampshire, zingavelisa amandla aqhubela phambili abaza kufumana intsebenzo. Ingcamango yokuphembelela iphulo ichazwe kakuhle kuphando lwenzululwazi yezopolitiko, ibonisa ukuba uphando lwasekuqaleni lwandisa ukhupho-ndaba, umni onikela ngeminikelo, kunye nomvotisi wokuvuma ukuxhasa umvotelelwa ogqalwa njengoluncedo.

Ngokuchaseneyo, ukungaphumeleli komsebenzi kwizindlu zabantwana zamandulo kungayiphelisa ngokunempumelelo iphulo phambi kokuba abavoti abaninzi babe nethuba lokuvavanya. Oku kunamandla kuye kwakhokelela ekugxekeni ukuba ikhalenda engundoqo yangoku inika impembelelo engathethekiyo kubavoti kumaphondo angaphambili, abatyekele ekubeni ngabamhlophe, abadala, nasemaphandleni amaninzi kuneminyulo yesizwe.

Umanyano Nemithetho Yomthetho Yeqela

Xa iqhutywa kakuhle, abaphathi-mikhosi banganceda ekumanyaniseni iqela emva komvotelwa omnye ngokunika inkqubo ecacileyo nokhuphiswano ukucombulula ukungavisisani kwangaphakathi. Ukubekwa komthetho ngokuphumelela unyulo lokuqala kwenza kube nzima ngakumbi ukucel ’ umngeni amaqela oyisileyo ukuba abonise ukuba amela elo qela. Lo msebenzi womanyaniso ubaluleke ngakumbi xa amaqela ahlulwe ngaphakathi ngengqiqo okanye ngecebo.

Noko ke, isiphumo somanyano lwamagumbi aphezulu asiqinisekiswanga. Amaphulo aphambili alwahlula-hlulayo okanye angalunganga angashiya izahlulo ezihlala zihleli kunyulo jikelele, njengoko abaxhasi abaza koyiswa benokuziva behlukanisiwe okanye bethandabuza ngemeko ephambili. IDemocratic yokuqala phakathi kukaHillary Clinton noBern Sanders, ngelinye ixesha ekugqibeleni evelisa iqela, iziphumo zemposiso zengqiqo eyathi yayila iphulo jikelele lonyulo.

Ukukhuthaza Ukubandakanyeka Nokwakha Iqela

Izaphuli-mthetho zingasebenza njengendawo yokungena yabemi ukuze babandakanyeke ngakumbi kwinkqubo yezopolitiko. Abathathi-nxaxheba kwizazulu basoloko bekhula benobuxhakaxhaka bomelele ngakumbi kwiqela labo kwaye basenokuba banokuvota kunyulo ngokubanzi, kwivoti yokuzithandela, kwaye banikele ngemali kubanyuli. Lo msebenzi ubaluleke ngokukhethekileyo kwiqela elifuna ukwakha amandla eentlangano zexesha elide nokuhlakulela iinkokeli zexesha elizayo.

Uphando olusuka kwiZiko leNkxaso yaseMelika lubonise ukuba luthe ngokhuphiswano oluphambili ugqatso oluphambili luye lwabonisa ukuba igosa eliphezulu, kumaziko okuvota ngokwawo nakunyulo olulandelayo. Oku kucebisa ukuba amandla nomdla obangelwa lukhuphiswano lokukhuphisana unokuba neziphumo ezintle zokuchitha inxaxheba kwedemokhrasi ngokubandakanyeka okuninzi.

Impembelelo Yezaphuli-mthetho Kukuziphatha Kwamashishini

Imiphumo yezindlu zamashishini idlulela ngaphaya kokukhethwa kweqela ukuze ijike indlela abavoti abacinga ngayo ngabatshati, ngemibandela, nangeenkhetho ezikhoyo kubo ngonyulo oluqhelekileyo.

Ukubekwa Kwezikhewu Nokusetyenziswa Kweziko

Ngexesha lamaphulo aphambili, abavumi abaphambili, abathunyelelwa imiyalezo yabo ukubhenela kubavoti abasisiseko beqela, abatyekele ekutyekeleni ngokweengcamango kunendlela yokukhetha jikelele. Le ntshukumo inamandla ingakhokelela abathathi-nxaxheba ekuthabatheni izikhundla ezingaphandle kwenyathelo nabavoti besixhobo sokuvota, i-athologoli yezopolitiko ibiza i-parimary-sureaty [[.

Imibandela efumana udumo ngexesha lamaphulo aphambili isoloko idlulela kunyulo jikelele, ibumba ejongwa ukuba yeyiphi imixholo ethathwa njengebalulekileyo. Abanyusela ngempumelelo imiba ethile ngexesha lentloko-ndaba bangachaza imibandela yengxoxo yomjikelo wonyulo wonke. Umzekelo, ukugxininiswa kwenkqubo yorhwebo ngexesha lonyaka ka-2016 weRiphabliki yeRiphabliki kuguqula isimo seqela kurhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe kwaye banyanzelisa umtyunjwa ukuba aphendule imicimbi enokuthi ngenye indlela afumane ingqalelo encinane.

Ukwakha Ukunyaniseka Nento Ebangela Ukuba Ube Nengqondo Ebuhlungu

Abathathi-nxaxheba kunyulo lokuqala batyekele ekuphuhliseni udibaniso olomeleleyo lwengqondo kubathathi-nxaxheba abancedileyo ekukhetheni. Oku kuchaphazela, okwaziwa njengesiphumo sobumnini okanye iziphumo zesiphumo sonyuso [[ kwinzululwazi yengqondo yezobupolitika, kwenzeka ngenxa yokuba abavoti abasebenzisa ixesha namandla abaxhasa umlandeli ngexesha eliphambili beva imvakalelo yotyalo lwempumelelo. Oku kwandisa ukunyaniseka kungaguqulela kujikelelo oluphezulu kwaye bafumane inkxaso enkulu ngexesha lonyulo jikelele.

Umsebenzi wokunyaniseka wokwakha amagumbi aphezulu ubaluleke kakhulu kumaqela afuna ukukhuthaza abaxhasi kukhuphiswano olusondeleyo nonyulo. Abaphuma kumaqela aphezulu asekelwe ngokuqinileyo banokufumana indawo engcono yokuvelisa umsebenzi wokuzithandela nenzondelelo efunekayo ukuphumelela kugqatso olusondeleyo.

Ukwanda Kokukhanya Nokukhetha

Ngoxa amaqela aphambili enokuba nokunyaniseka, akwanegalelo ekunyuseni ukwanda kwecandelo lezobupolitika ngokubhenela abathathi-nxaxheba ukuba babhenele kweyona nxalenye izinikeleyo neneengcamango ezigqithisileyo zonyulo. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, le mpembelelo ingasusa amaqela ngokubhekele phaya kulwahlulo lwengqiqo, inciphisa isithuba sokuxhasa nokulalanisa ekulawuleni.

Izazinzulu zezobupolitika ziye zabhala ungquzulwano olunamandla phakathi kokusasazeka konyulo oluphambili nokwanda kobuhlanga kwiBhunga. Xa amalungu eKhontrathela kufuneka axhalabele iingxaki eziphambili ezivela kwabathathi-nxaxheba abagqithisileyo, abanazikhuthazo zininzi zokulalanisa kwiintambo zeqela. Oku kunamandla ngokukodwa kwimimandla ekhuselekileyo apho unyulo ngokubanzi lungakhuphi, nto leyo ebangela ukuba kube ngumbano wokwenene okokwenene.

Ingqikelelo-magama kwimixokelelwano engundoqo

Ngoxa iUnited States ineyona nkqubo iphambili iphuhlisiweyo ngokupheleleyo phakathi kwezixhobo zolawulo-melo ezingundoqo, amanye amazwe aye azama iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokukhetha amaxhoba anika ingqiqo eluncedo kuthelekiso.

Ukukhetha okuqulunqileyo kwiinkqubo zePalamente

Kwidemokhrasi ezininzi zepalamente, ukhetho oluza kukhethwa ngokusemthethweni luhlala luphantsi kolawulo lwemibutho yeqela, enamalungu eqela lasekuhlaleni okanye amagunya anyuliweyo adlala indima ephambili. I-United Kingdom, iKhanada, ne-Australia bonke basebenzisa iinkqubo apho amalungu eqela lasekuhlaleni avota khona abaza kubhaptizwa, kodwa inkqubo ayivuleki kakhulu kwaye ayikhuphi kakhulu kunabantu baseMelika. Ezi nkqubo zidla ngokuvelisa abaza kufumana iinkonzo ezinyanisekileyo ngakumbi kwiinkokeli zeqela yaye azinanzelwanga kukwakha iindidi zobuqu zezobupolitika.

Uphando oluthelekisa iindlela zokukhetha abantu abaza kuzikhethela kumazwe ngamazwe lubonisa ukuba iinkqubo zokukhetha ezivulekileyo nezikhuphisanayo zidla ngokuvelisa abo bathanda ngakumbi ukungca kodwa bakulungele ngakumbi ukucel ’ umngeni ukhokelo lweqela kwimibuzo yemithetho.

Ukuvula Iindawo Ezithile EMzantsi Merika

Amazwe aliqela aseMzantsi Merika, kuquka iUruguay, iChile, ne-Argentina, aye amkela iinkqubo ezivulekileyo ezivumela ukuba abandakanyeke kakhulu kukhetho lwabavoti abaza kubhaptizwa. Ezi nkqubo ziye zatsala ingqalelo njengemizekelo yokuguqula ama-America, ingakumbi kubuchule bawo bokwandisa ukubotshwa kwabavoti nokuvelisa abathathi-nxaxheba abalungeleleneyo. Noko ke, impumelelo yezi nkqubo ixhomekeke kakhulu kwimiqathango ethile ekhethekileyo kunye nomo wezobupolitika obanzi.

Ucelomngeni Nokugxekwa Kwenkqubo Ephambili Yale Mihla

Phezu kwalo nje idinga labo ledemokhrasi, unyulo oluphambili lujamelene nocelomngeni olubalulekileyo olumele luvunywe nakweyiphi na iziphumo ezinzulu kukhetho lwalowo uvoti.

Inkxalabo ephantsi yomkhosi wesinyithi kunye noomeli

Unyulo lokuqala lusoloko lutsala umvoti ophantsi kunonyulo oluqhelekileyo, ngokufuthi ngendlela ephawulekayo. Kwiminyaka yokuqala, ukuvela kwe-primering kusuka kwi-15% ukuya kuma-30 ekhulwini abavoti abafanelekileyo, xa kuthelekiswa nama-50 ekhulwini ukuya kuma-60 ekhulwini kunyulo oluqhelekileyo. Olu nyuko lusezantsi lunyusa inkxalabo yokuba ngabavoti-phambili ngabameli bonyulo olubanzi.

Uphando lubonisa ukuba abavoti abaphambili batyekele ekubeni badala, bafunde kakhulu, batyekele kwiingcamango ezigqithisileyo, yaye bathenjiswe kakhulu ngokwezobupolitika kunabantu ngokubanzi. Oku kuthetha ukuba abo banyulwa ngokusetyenziswa kweprimem banokubonakalisa ukhetho lweziqwenga ezincinane ezikhethiweyo kunokuba babonise abantu abaninzi.

Ingxaki Yokubhangisa Ngelishwa

Ukhuphiswano oluphambili ludla ngokuvelisa iphulo elingalunganga njengoko abatshayeli befuna ukwahlula ngokwabo kubachasi abanonxulumano olufanayo nolwamalungu ahlukeneyo neenkcazo jikelele. Ngenxa yokuba abavoti abaphambili basoloko benikela ingqalelo engakumbi kwezobupolitika, ukuhlasela okungakhiyo kusenokuba luncedo ngokukhethekileyo kulo mongo. Noko ke, umonakalo obangelwa kukuphekwa kwephulo elingalunganga ungaqhubekeka ngaphaya kowokuqala, nto leyo eyenza kube nzima ngakumbi ukuba ekugqibeleni umtyunjwa amanyanise iqela kunye nesibheno somvo oluqhelekileyo kubavoti jikelele.

I - 2020 Democratical democratical yabalaselisa izihlandlo eziliqela zokuxambulisana okuqatha phakathi kwabaza kubhaptizwa, yaye uphando lubonisa ukuba olu hlaselo lwanciphisa ihlombe phakathi kwabaxhasi bokoyiswa, nto leyo enokuba negalelo kunyulo oluqhelekileyo.

Iingozi zokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zobugcisa

Ulawulo oluphambili lwezicwangciso ezivulekileyo lwenza amathuba okuvota, apho amalungu elinye iqela enqumla khona ukuze avote omnye umntu ophambili ukuphembelela isiphumo. Lento, maxa wambi ebizwa ukujika [, ibhalwe kwiimeko ezininzi eziphezulu. Ngelixesha iziphumo zovotelo lwequmrhu ziphikisana, ukubonakala kubangela ukungathembana kwaye kunyusa imibuzo yokuba ngaba iziphumo ezingundoqo zibonakalisa iinjongo ezifanelekileyo zamalungu eqela okanye zingcoliswe zizinto ezisetyenziswa yimicimbi.

Izindululo Zokuguqula Inkqubo Esisiseko

Ngenxa yocelomngeni olukhoyo kwiinkqubo eziphambili, abaphengululi, oogqirha nemibutho elawula ulawulo iye yaphucula imigaqo - siseko efuna utshintsho.

Ukukhetha Okuthile Neengenelo Zako

Uvoto olukhethiweyo, olwaziwayo njengovoto olukhawulezayo, luvumela abavoti ukuba bakhethe abathathi-nxaxheba ngokokhetho kunokuba bakhethe omnye. Ukuba akukho mvoti ufumana uninzi lwevoti yokuqala yephondo, umvoti oneevoti ezimbalwa zicinywa, kwaye amavoti abo asasazwa kwizinto ezikhethiweyo ezilandelayo. Le nkqubo iyaqhubeka de umvoti uphumeze uninzi.

Abaxhasi baphikisa ngelithi ukuvota okumiselwe ngokwezigaba kuzakunciphisa iphulo elingalunganga ngokukhuthaza abatshayeli ukuba babhenele kwinkxaso yesibini yenkxaso evela kubavoti babo. Le nkqubo iyakuphelisa imfuneko yokhetho olwahlukeneyo, ukugcina imali kunye nokunciphisa ukudinwa kwabavoti. Amazwe anjengoMaine no-Alaska sele emkele ukhetho olufanelekileyo kwabanye okanye kuzo zonke izinyulo zabo eziphambili, kwaye ubungqina bokuqala bucebisa ukuba inkqubo ivelisa iziphumo ezamkelekileyo ezibanzi.

Iindlela eziziindlela ezihamba phambili

Amaphondo aliqela, kuquka iKhalifoniya neWashington, amkele iinkqubo eziphambili ezizii-bini apho bonke abatshayeli bevela kwibhola yokuqala enye ngaphandle kweqela, kunye nabavelisi bevoti aphezulu baqhubela phambili kunyulo oluqhelekileyo kungakhathaliseki ukuba liliphi iqela. Le nkqubo iphelisa ukuba nokwenzeka kokuba umvotelwa aphumelele isiqalo ngeqhezu elincinane levoti kwaye ngoko abajongeni nocelomngeni olunzulu lonyulo jikelele kwisihlalo esikhuselekileyo.

Amava karhulumente waseWashington aphezulu-magumbi amabini aphezulu aye afundwa kakhulu, ngophando lucebisa ukuba inkqubo ikhokelele kubathathi-nxaxheba abalungeleleneyo kwaye icuthe ukwenziwa kwamacandelo ahlukeneyo kwezinye iindawo. Noko ke, abagxeki baphikisa ngelithi inkqubo ingavelisa unyulo ngokubanzi apho abathathi-nxaxheba bobabini basuka kwiqela elinye, ngokunempumelelo bahluza abaxhasi beminye imibutho.

Uhlaziyo lweKhalenda neNguqulelo yeSizwe

Ikhalenda engundoqo yangoku, apho amazwe akhuphisanayo ukuze aqhube ukhuphiswano lwangaphambili, aye agxekwa ngokubanzi ngokunika impembelelo engathethekiyo kwi-Iowa nakwi-New Hampshire. Iiprojekthi zosuku lokuqala lwesizwe, apho onke amazwe ebeya kubeka izakhiwo zawo zangamaxesha afanayo, ezimisele ukwenza inkqubo ekhethekayo. Noko ke, ezo nguqulelo zijongene nemiqobo ebalulekileyo yezobupolitika, njengoko amazwe amandulo exhathisa ngamandla ukuphulukana nesikhundla sawo esiphezulu.

Enye izicelo zotshintsho zekhalenda ziquka inkqubo ejikelezayo yengingqi apho imimandla eyahlukeneyo yelizwe itshintshana ngokubamba ukhuphiswano lokuqala, okanye inkqubo ephumeleleyo apho amazwe amancinci avota kuqala nangaphezulu kamva.

Isiphelo: Indaleko Eqhubekayo Yenkqubo Yokukhupha Idemocratic nomimeters

Isiphumo solawulo lwamapringi kwinketho yonyulo kunye nokhetho lomvoti sihlala singenye yemibuzo ebalulekileyo nephikiswayo kulawulo lwedemokhrasi lwangoku. Unyulo oluphambili luguqule izobupolitika zaseMelika ngokuvula inkqubo yokukhetha abatsha ukuya kuthabatha inxaxheba ebanzi, kodwa luye lwavelisa imingeni emitsha enxulumene nokuthatyathwa, ukumela, kunye nesimilo sephulo. Ukuqonda ezi ntshukumo ziyimfuneko nabani na ofuna ukuqonda indlela amaqela ezobupolitika asebenza ngayo, indlela abafuni bezakhono abamele bathathele kuyo, nendlela abavoti abazenza ngayo ekugqibeleni ukhetho lwabo kunyulo ngokubanzi.

Njengoko ujongo lwezopolitiko luqhubeka luguquka, ingxubusho eqhubekayo ngotshintsho lwenkqubo esisiseko iza kuhlala ibalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba iinkqubo zedemokhrasi zinceda izilangazelelo zabemi kunokuba zisebenze ngamaqela anciphileyo. Nokuba kucetywe ukuba kukhethwe, kuvulwa izihlalo, kuhlaziywe ikhalenda, okanye ezinye izinto ezintsha, ukuphengululwa kweendlela ezingcono zokukhetha ukhetho lomntu oza kubonakalisa ukuzinikela kolawulo lwedemokhrasi kunye nenkolelo yokuba indlela esikhetha ngayo iinkokeli zethu ngokusisiseko ibumbana noko bakwenzayo ngaphambili. Inkqubo engundoqo ayiyo nje iinkcukacha zobugcisa obuneepropati zedemokhrasi kodwa ifanele iqwalaselwe ingqalelo kubaphengululi, oogqirha, nabo bavoti, nabo bavoti ngokufanayo.

Abo banomdla wokuhlola le miba ngokubhekele phaya, Brookings Institution inika uhlalutyo olubanzi lwezinyanzelo ezingundoqo zenkqubo, ngelixa inika iZiko lophando lwePhondo ugcino-lwazi olubalulekileyo lwezimo zovoti malunga neenkqubo ezingundoqo. Olunye uphando olusuka ku MFUT] I-Lab[FLT inika uhlalutyo olungqongqo lwendlela yemithetho echaphazela iziphumo zonyulo nokuziphatha kovoti.