Ukwakhiwa Kwamandla eCUBIC: URhulumente njengommandla weSikolo soBuPhicotho

Isenzo ngasinye sokungagunyazisi, ukusuka kwisicelo sasekuhlaleni ukuya kuhambo lwesizwe kwikomkhulu, sisenzeka kwisakhiwo esithile sikarhulumente. Olo cwangciso, nokuba luyayekelela okanye lungqongqo, lulolonga iindlela ezikhoyo kubaxhasi, amalungelo abanokuthi babe nawo, kunye nesiphumo esipheleleyo abanokuba naso. Ukuyiqonda ngokunzulu, okusebenzayo le ndlela yokwakha asiyonto iphambili ephambili, ayiyonto isebenzayo kwintlalo-ntle. Ngaphandle kwayo, abaxhasi basebenza kwinkungu ebangela ukuchanabeka, bemangaliswa yimiqobo esemthethweni okanye imiqathango. Ngayo, bayakwazi ukujika indlela ecwangcisiweyo, balindele imingeni, kwaye basebenzise amathuba okufumana i-mali eninzi.

Oorhulumente banegunya elifanelekileyo. Bamisela imithetho ekhusela okanye eyohlwaya, balawula uqingqo-mali oluxhasa okanye iinkqubo zentlalo ezithotyiweyo, kwaye bamisela imithetho yokuthabatha inxaxheba kwinkqubo yezobupolitika. Ucelomngeni oluphambili lwabaxhasi lukufunda ukuqhubana neli gunya likhulu. Oku kufuna ukuqonda ngokuphandle indlela urhulumente wakho othile asebenza ngayo, apho kukho iinkcazo, kunye nezixhobo ezisemthethweni onazo zokuhambisela phambili iinjongo zakho.

Indima Esisiseko Karhulumente Ekuphazamiseni Uluntu

Umthetho Nomthetho

Umphakathi wemithetho urhulumente yinkqubo yamandla acwangcisiweyo. Umthetho ozinzileyo unika imida eqinisekisiweyo yokuqhankqalaza, indibano, nokuthetha. Uyayazi into evunyelweyo nengavunyelwanga. Oku kuxelwa kwangaphambili kuvumela ucwangciso lwemibhiyozo emikhulu, ingxowa-mali, kunye nesakhiwo somanyano. Ngokuphikisanayo, apho umthetho ubuthathaka okanye ubuchule obukhethiweyo, ukwenza umsebenzi wobunyani uba ngumsebenzi ophezulu.

Ingcamango yesivumelwano sentlalo ], ingcamango yokuba abemi bayavuma ukulawulwa ekutshintshiseni ukuze bakhuseleke kunye nomyalelo,(iyimfuneko ngokulinganayo). I-Activism lilungiselelo lokuphinda ivume olo mnqophiso. Xa urhulumente engakwazi ukuxhasa isiphelo sawo sobuphicoci (umz., ngokusilela ukuqinisekisa ukuba amanzi acocekileyo, imfundo elungeleleneyo, okanye inkululeko kugonyamelo lwamapolisa), abemi basebenzisa i-dvocatacy ukufuna ukuhlalisa okutsha. Ukuqonda le miqathango isebenza kungeyo nje ukuphazamisa ucwangco kucwangco, kodwa njengomsebenzi ofanelekileyo nofanelekileyo woluntu oluphilileyo.

Ubuhle Benkqubo Karhulumente

Uhlobo olukhethekileyo lorhulumente osebenza phantsi kwalo lulawula wonke umsebenzi wakho.

  • [[NTLT: 0] Izixhobo eziphambili zolwaluko apha [ Ezi nkqubo, ezifana ne-United States, Jamani, okanye i-Indiya, zibonakalisa amalungelo adityanisiweyo, amalungelo azimeleyo ejaji, kunye nonyulo oluthe rhoqo. Amaziko aphambili alwabaxhasi apha [ , [[FLT:]] uluvo lwasekuhlaleni, , oluqhelekileyo, [ukhetho] lokhetho [[FLT] oluthe kratya], , kunye [FLT] nolwakhiwo oluphambili] oluthe kratyayo. [FLT]
  • [[FLT: 0] Inkqubo esetyenziswayo enzima ne-Autocratic: Kumazwe anjenge-China, Russia, okanye umNtla Korea, amandla ajoliswe kumlawuli omnye okanye umbutho. Amalungelo obuchule akhoyo ephepheni kodwa acinezelwe ngenkohlakalo. Amalungelo akwimeko akwindlela enzima yokusebenza. Actificim apha kufuneka ijolise kuxinzelelo lwezizwe [[[FLT:]] , [FLT], [FLT: 4] ukhuseleko olukwi-risk, kwaye [[FLT:]] iimfazwe [[FLT]] ukubeka iliso le njongo yezobuzwe. Umngcipheko wobugciphetho, nosukelo olungundoqo lungaguqulwayo, oluqhelekileyo lwenkqubo yoxwebhu olufutshane.
  • I-Hybrid okanye 'Illibara' iDemocracy': Iintlanga ezifana ne-Hungary okanye iTurkey zigcina uhlobo lwedemokhrasi (iiimvume, iipalamente) kodwa zikhuphele ngaphandle imveliso (iintendelezo ezizimeleyo, ukucofa okukhululekileyo, inkululeko yabemi). I-Activicism kwezi ndawo ngumdlalo wecata-macan-mon-mouse. Urhulumente usebenzisa izixhobo ezisemthethweni kwintshutshiso yezobupolitika. Umsebenzi weqhinga ufuna intlawulo oluphezulu olusemthethweni ukunqanda ukunqanda i-NGOO oqhutywe ngurhulumente kunye nophicotho lwe-Retailgations.

Inyathelo lokuqala nakweliphi na iphulo lokufumana ulawulo kufuneka libe kukuxilonga okunzulu kokusingqongileyo koburhulumente. Liyintoni elona qondo lenkululeko yokwenene, kungekhona elokushwankathela? Liyintoni irejista ezikhethekileyo ezisemthethweni? Ngubani onamandla akhoyo kule nkqubo?

ISixhobo soMgaqo-nkqubo soMgaqo-nkqubo weQumrhu

Kumaqela asebenza ngokusemthethweni, isiseko esithile samalungelo asisiseko singumsebenzi ophambili wawo onke abalandeli. Ukwazi umlinganiselo ochanileyo kunye nemida yala malungelo kubalulekile.

Inkululeko Yokuthetha Nentetho

Esi sisixhobo esiyintloko somxhasi wemikhosi. Ikhusela kungekuphela nje amazwi athethwayo, kodwa izinto ezibhaliweyo, amazwi obugcisa, izenzo zomfuziselo (njengokutshiswa kweflegi okanye ukuguqa ngexesha lomhombiso), kwaye kwaneminikelo kwizizathu zobupolitika. EUnited States, uLawulo Lokuqala Loguqulo lunikela ukhuseleko olubanzi, olumxinwa olunyanzelekileyo lokuphembelela ugonyamelo, ukuhlanjalazwa, ukuhlazisa, ukungqubana kwamagama. [FLT: 0], ukhuseleko lokuthetha lwenkululeko lusoloko lusebenza kwimpahla kawonke-wonke [[, njengemida, iipaki, kunye nee-transportes, ezigqalwayo zigqalwa ngokuqhelekileyo, izinto ezithengwa ngokubanzi, njengendawo yentengiso okanye iplatifomu yezentengiso, zilawulwa yimithetho eyahlukene kwaye azina imbopheleleko ye-gropulgodural.

Ilungelo Lokuya Kwindibano Yoxolo

Eli lungelo livumela amaqela abantu ukuba ahlanganisane ekuhleni ukuze avakalise imbono eyahluleleneyo. Kudla ngokusetyenziswa kakhulu ekuvuleni, ekuqhankqalazeni, nasekuqhubeni iintlanganiso. Oorhulumente banganyanzela ixesha, indawo, kunye nendlela yokubeka imiqathango []. Umzekelo, kufuna imvume yokuhlanganisa iitrafiki okanye ukuthintela izijungqe ezikufuphi nesibhedlele ebusuku. Le miqathango kufuneka iqulathwe yi-'ethe-ne. Abalawuli abaphumeleli-nxaxheba. Abamele bakwahlule ukulwa ngenxa yomyalezo odluliselayo. Activits kufuneka bafunde inkqubo yobulali yokuvumela nokuyiphatha njengesixhobo esifanelekileyo. Ukufumana imvume, ukwazi indlela, kwaye bameme umatshini wokudadiswa.

Inkululeko Yeencwadi Nenkcazelo

Umatshini wokushicilela ozimeleyo usebenza njengamandla aphinda-phindiweyo abaxhasi. Inkululeko yokucofa ikhusela ilungelo lokuchaza umsebenzi karhulumente. Kumazwe amaninzi, oku kupheleliswa yinkululeko yolwazi Lwemisebenzi (FOIA) okanye izicelo zobungangamsha zolwazi, ezivumela abemi ukuba bafune ukufikelela kumaxwebhu karhulumente. Kulomxhasi, esi sisixhobo sokufumana. Ungacela ii-imeyili, iingxelo zangaphakathi, kunye nesicelo sogcino-data. Isicelo esilula sokufaka iFOIA singenza ukhuseleko lobukhali obucacileyo okanye utyhile ulwazi olonakalisayo olunokusetyenziswa ekulwenzeni iphulo. [FLT:] yonke into e-UPT [FLT] [FP]

Ilungelo Lokucela Urhulumente

Isoloko ingahoywa, ilungelo lokucela ngumgca othe ngqo kurhulumente. Iqinisekisa ilungelo lakho ukwenza izikhalazo ku-/okanye funa uncedo ku-("urhulumente wakho ngaphandle kokoyika isohlwayo. Esi sisiseko esisemthethweni sokufaka ityala, ukuqokelela intsayino kwinyathelo lokuqala, ukungqina ekuchotshelweni kwasesidlangalaleni, okanye ukubhalela ilungu lebhunga lesixeko. Yinjini ye ekwi-'i-i-intestiONAl' adcacy' [.

Ukuqonda Imida

Abaxhasi abaphumelelayo bayayiqonda imida esemthethweni ukuze bafikelele emngciphekweni ngaphandle kokugqitha.

  • Uhlomelo: awunakukhuthaza ngabom isenzo esikhawulezileyo sogonyamelo.
  • [[UMTL:0] Isoyikiso sokwenene: ngokungqalileyo ulungela ugonyamelo kumntu othile akakhuselekanga.
  • Intambo: [[FLT: 0] Ukuzingisa:[[FLT: 1] Ukuzingisa, ukuhlaselwa komntu othile kunganqumla umgca kwihambo engakhuselekanga.
  • Usasazo: ukusasaza ulwazi olungqina ubuxoki olonakalisa udumo lomntu lungakhokelela kwityala.
  • Ukhuseleko lohlanga: Oorhulumente badla ngokubiza ukhuseleko olugqithiseleyo lwesizwe oluluvo olululo oluthintelayo ukunqanda intetho, ingakumbi ngexesha lemfazwe okanye malunga nolwazi olwahlulweyo. Le yindawo eqhubekayo yongquzulwano olusemthethweni.

Abaxhasi Bemithetho: Indlela Izenzo Zikarhulumente Ezichaphazela Ngokungqalileyo Ngayo

Oorhulumente abamiseli nje imithetho yokuzilolonga; imigaqo yabo ibangela iimeko ezibangela ukuba abantu basebenzise iziyobisi.

Iimeko Ezisingqongileyo Eziyingozi: Xa Urhulumente Enceda

Ezinye iinkqubo zikarhulumente zisebenza ngokulula i-activeism. ivula inyathelo logcino-lwazi oluvulekileyo lokukhupha ii-data zikarhulumente kuluntu, unika amandla okuqwalasela iintatheli kunye nee-arhente. olunoncedo olusemthethweni lunika abaxhasi inkxaso-mali [[ inkxaso-mthetho ibonelela amagqwetha eendawo eziphantsi, ukucuphisa ibala lokudlala elisemthethweni. [[FLT:]] [[FLT:]] Amaxesha okugqabaza kwimimiselo eceliweyo ivumela abaxhasi ukuba babumbe iinkcukacha zemithetho, hayi nje imidaba yomthetho. Umxhasi osebenzayo uyazi ukuba ezi zinto zisebenze. Bayazi ukuba bavuse ngaphandle komsebenzi besakhiwo sorhulumente; bafaka isicelo soluvo, kwaye banikela imiyalelo.

Izinto Ezisikelwe Imiqathango: Xa Urhulumente Esicinezela

Kwelinye icala, oorhulumente banesixhobo esikhulu sokuthintela ukungavumelani.

  • Imithetho edityanisiweyo echasene nokuthatha inxaxheba kuluntu ngokubanzi (SLAPS): abantu abanobutyebi okanye imibutho efuna ukhuphiswano lokunyelisa okanye ukuphazamisa, hayi ukuphumelela kule meko, kodwa ukulahlekelwa yimirhumo esemthethweni. Imithetho ye-Anti-LAP[ ingumbano ephambili kwidabi lemfazwe kwinkxaso esemthethweni.
  • [[NTL: 0] Imida yePermit kunye neFees: Oorhulumente bangenza inkqubo yemvume yokuqhayisa exabisa kakhulu, ephazamisa ixesha, okanye edidayo. Bangamisela imiqathango yemingxube kwindawo ekude, ngaphandle kweendawo ezinamandla.
  • Izilawuli zezezimali: Imithetho ethintela ukuxhaswa kwemali ye-NGO yamanye amazwe, okanye uphicotho-zincwadi lwemibutho engancediyo esekelwe kwimbono yayo yezobupolitika, zizixhobo ezinamandla zokulawula. Kumazwe amaninzi, ukubhalisa njengesenzo esingangeni ngeniso siyingozi kwezobupolitika.
  • Ukujongwa koRhulumente woluvo lonxibelelwano, unxibelelwano lwentlalo, kunye nonxulumano kudala iziphumo ezimanyumnyezi. Ukwazi ukuba ubujongiwe kungathiwa ucinezelwe njengomsebenzi ocacileyo.

Ubuchule obucwangcisiweyo kumhlaba onobugocigoci

Ukuqonda eli bala kukunceda ukhethe inqwelo - mafutha elungileyo oza kuyisebenzisa kwiphulo lakho.

Indlela Esemthethweni

Lo ngummandla we [[FLT: 0] ilobble kunye zobupolitika zokhetho. Injongo kukudlula, ukuvala, okanye ukumisa umthetho ochaziweyo. Ii Tycles ziquka:

  • Ukwakha umbutho odityanisiweyo wemibutho ehlangeneyo ukubonisa inkxaso ebanzi.
  • [[UMTL:0] Ukuqhuba i-arhente eyingcaphephe ukuqhuba iiholo zamandla.
  • Ukudibanisa iindonga zefone-mfono kunye namaphulo okubhala amagama ukuphembelela abalungisi bemithetho abangakhange basetyenziswe.
  • [[UMTL:0] Ukuvavanya iintlanganiso zekomiti ukunikezela ngengcali okanye ubungqina bobuqu.
  • [[UMTL: 0] Ukutshintsha ikhalenda yowiso-mthetho ukwazi kakuhle ixesha lokusebenzisa uxinzelelo.

Indlela Yogwebo

Xa isebe lowiso-mthetho lineengqwili okanye libotshelelwe, iinkundla zinika enye indlela. Oku kwaziwa ngokuba [ i-ligitation okanye intsebenziswano[[[[FLT:]. Injongo kukuphumelela umthetho wenkundla omisela umthetho omtsha okanye iziqobo zomthetho ongokwasemthethweni. Oku kufuna ukufumana i-partiti ye-optigame ngokuma okuqinileyo, ukwakha ityala elingokwasemthethweni, kwaye ngokufuthi ukusebenza ngamalungelo oluntu. [[FLT:] [FLT]] [FFFFFF:5], [FF], [FT]

IGawulayo noLawulo

Umsebenzi omninzi worhulumente wenzeka kumasebe aphetheyo. Iphulo eliphetheyo loMthetho (APA) kwi-US lifuna amaqumrhu ukuba abandakanyeke ku "ipesenti kunye nempendulo" phambi kokuzalisekisa imimiselo emitsha. Oku sisixhobo esinamandla, esiphantsi kwegunya ukwenzela abaxhasi. Iphulo elilungelelanisiweyo lokunikezela amawaka enkcukacha, amagqabaza asekelwe kwinyani angabumba umthetho wokugqibela. Ngaphezu koko, ukutyhalela umgaqo womgaqo owenyani. owe-extexted wipt ukusuka kumongameli okanye kwirhuluneli] linokwenza utshintsho ngaphandle komthetho omtsha.

Grasroots vs. Grass imisa i Advocacy

Ezi ndlela zimbini zisebenzisana. [[FLT: 0] [FLT] Grassroots advocacy imalunga nokuququzelela uluntu ngokubanzi. Kubandakanya ucwangciso loluntu, izicelo, izibongozo, kunye namaphulo onxibelelwano. [GRAST] imisa ukuphatha ii-dvocacy [ imalunga nokukhuthaza abantu abanempembelelo, abefundisi beshishini, oosomashishini, oopolitiki, abadla umhlala phantsi, `ooooomatilortis, --toodths asebenzisa impembelelo yabo yobuqu kuwenu. Imisebenzi esebenzayo idityaniza omabini: iingca ezinika ukhuthulo olusemthethweni noxinzelelo lwemali.

Ucelomngeni Lwanamhlanje Nokupheliswa Kwendlela Yokuziqhelisa

Ukuthatha inxaxheba kwamanani kunye nomiselo lukarhulumente

I-Internet itshintshe ngokusisiseko i-actival. i-Anline zizicelo, ii-hashtags, kunye neenkqubo zokuqhayisa ezifanelekileyo zingahlanganisa izigidi ngeeyure. Kodwa, oku kubangele iindlela ezintsha zolawulo nonyamezelo lukarhulumente. Imimiselo ye-Net yobundidibi ichaphazela ukuba abaxhasi bento ikhutshiwe okanye ivalelwe ngabaxhasi benkonzo ye Internet. Icandelo 230 leeNkqutyana zoNxibeko loMthetho-Msebenzi (ku-US) likhusela amaqonga kwityala okuquluweyo komsebenzisi, kodwa iinguqulo kulo mthetho zinokuphazamisa amanani asebenzayo. Ngoku zisebenzisa [[FLT:] imithetho ezimeleyo kunye nee-'intellings projectersts"[FFoctive Frometic]

Impembelelo Engqongqo Nengxaki Yemali

Ukungena kwemali kwezobupolitika kulucelomngeni olusisiseko kubami abalwela ubuzwe. Izigqibo zephawu ezifana ne- I-Citizens United v. FEC eUnited States ivumele iinkampani kunye nabantu abazizityebi ukuba bachithe imali engenasiphelo kwizibhengezo zezobupolitika. Oku kudala inkqubo apho amazwi abantu abaqhelekileyo banokucinywa ngenxa yezilangazelelo zemali eziphambili. Ukuphumelela koku kusingela kwemekobume kufuna isekelo lwemali yezentengiso yezopoliti yemali, ukuxhasa ukhuthulo-volo-mvo, kunye nezicwangciso ezifana nezibonelelo zokwabelana iziko zinokuvavanya ungeni igunya lemali ngaphakathi.

Imisebenzi Yesakhelo sehlabathi kunye nolungelelwano lwe Breatriation

Iinguqu ezininzi zemozulu zisemhlabeni wonke. Ukutshintsha kwemozulu, ukurhwebelana kwabantu, nokuziphendulela kwiqumrhu lokusebenza akunakuconjululwa luhlanga olunye. Abaququzeli basebenza ngokukhulayo kumaziko amalungelo abantu [[[FLT:] azwenibanzi]. Inkundla ye-Ityala le-Cretal eNgahambelanayo yoluHlutyo lwamalungelo abantu, kunye nezivumelwano ezilandelayo ziveza isiseko semigaqo nemilinganiselo esetyenziswa kurhulumente. [[FLT] Inkundla ye-Romatilgn kunye [FLT] ne-[FLT] ARGUM] inikezela ngeenkonzo zobugqwebo zobumntu. Avvnvolu lwabiwo olusebenzayo kwinkumba yentenxa-o-onke kwiNtrst . [irst projectivess]

Indlela Ephambili: Ulwazi Njengesiseko Sesenzo

Urhulumente akasiyo into ekude, esetyenziswayo. Yinkqubo entsonkothileyo eyenziwe yimithetho, imibutho, abantu, kunye namandla. Kumxhasi kunye nombaleki, le nkqubo iphantsi kwemigudu yakho kunye nemeko-bume omele usebenze kuyo. Ukhetho asikokuba ubandakanyeke kurhulumente, kodwa njani. Uza kuba nemisebenzi elungeleleneyo okanye oza kwenza okuthile? Uza kuyiqonda imithetho, okanye iza kusetyenziswa kuwe?

Abaxhasi abaphumelelayo ngabo bajongana nofundo lukarhulumente ngendlela efanayo neyabo enzulu. Bayazi umahluko phakathi komthetho nomthetho. Bayayazi indlela ebaluleke ngayo ixesha lokugqabaza. Bayazazi iimvavanyo ezingokwasemthethweni zengxelo yenkululeko yokuthetha. Olu lwazi lunamandla. Lukuvumela ukuba uqonde incopho yoxinzelelo, ukhethe iqhinga elilungileyo, kwaye wakhe iphulo elingangeni nje phezulu, kodwa elisebenzayo. Hambani niye kufunda imithetho.