Ukwazisa: Isiseko Sokhuseleko Logcino - lwazi Lwezezimali EIreland

I-Ireland ivelise njengesazulu sehlabathi lonke seenkonzo zemali kunye nobugcisa, ingenisa iibhanki ezinkulu, izibonelelo ze-applech iroundtitors, kunye nabaququzeleli bogcino-lwazi bezizwe ngezizwe. Embindini wesi simo sikhokelwa ngokungqongqo sisakhiwo somthetho wolawulo lwe-data kwintengiso yemali. Esi sakhiwo asiyosethi nje yemiqobo yokuthothoba; sisakhiwo sokwakha esilungiselelwe ukulungelelamlo olucwangcisiweyo, uzinzo lwendlela, kunye nophuhliso. Umthetho wase-Ireland usebenza ngaphakathi komaleko ombaxanduva: umthetho wesizwe onjengoMthetho we-data woKhuselo lwe-Umthetho-RChoyoMthetho 2018 kunye nemimiselo ye-Europe Union, ubukhulu becala uKhuselo lwe-Dinerver ReGRGR. Ukuqonda lo mdlalo we-operal.

Eli nqaku linikela uhlolo olucokisekileyo lwemfuno yomthetho, ulawulo, ulawulo, imingeni esebenzisekayo yokuthobela kunye nokuvela kwendlela yokuchaza ugcino-lwazi kwintengiselwano yemali yase-Ireland. Enoba uligosa lokuthobela, ummeli osemthethweni, okanye inkokeli yezoshishino, ingqiqo ezingezantsi ziya kukuxhobisa ngolwazi olusebenzisekayo.

UMthetho woKhuselo loMgaqo-nkqubo weSicwangciso-siseko:

UMthetho woKhuselo loMgaqo-nkqubo

Iqinisekiswe ngo-24 Meyi 2018, uMthetho woKhuselo loMgaqo-nkqubo woMsebenzi 2018 (DPA 2018) ngumthetho wasekhaya ophambili odibanisayo nozalisekisa i-GDPR eIreland. Ithetha ngemimandla emininzi apho i-GDPR ivumela amalungu ukuba azise amalungiselelo athile, kuquka ukwenziwa kogcino-lwazi lobuqu ukwenzela umsebenzi, iinjongo zogcino-lwazi, kwaye, ngokuqatha, ukwenzela ukugunyaziswa kwemali kunye nemali echaseneyo. I-DPA 2018 ikwakhenkcece amandla eKhomishini yoKhuselo logcino-lwazi (DPC) kwaye ikhupha izigwebo nezigwebo zokunga

Ulawulo olugqithisileyo

I-GDPR ( Unikezelo (EU) 2016/676) isebenza ngqo kuwo onke amarhamente angamalungu, kuquka ne-Ireland. Kwintengiselwano yemali, i-GDPR ibeka iimeko ezingqongqo kwingqokelela, indawo yokugcina, kunye nokwabelana ngogcino-lwazi lobuqu. Amaziko emali kufuneka aphawule isiseko esisemthethweni kwimisebenzi nganye yokuqhubekekisa.

  • I-'[FLT'''' I-' Iyafuneka kurhwebo okanye ugcino-lwazi oluthile olusetyenziswa ngokuzikhethela, kodwa kunqabile ukuba lwanele kushishino lwemo-ntengiso.
  • Imfuneko eyimfuneko: Ukuqhubekeka okuyimfuneko ukuphumeza intlawulo okanye ukugcina ityala.
  • Imbopheleleko esemthethweni ye- egunyaziswa yimithetho yokugawulwa kwemali okanye yerhafu.
  • [[UMTL:0] Inzuzo esemthethweni: isetyenziselwa ukukhusela ukuqhatha kunye nohlolo lomngcipheko wetyala, ephantsi kovavanyo lokulinganisela.

Ukudibanisa phakathi kwezi siseko nemigaqo echazwe ngezantsi kwenza imekobume ethobelayo efuna uxwebhu olunenkathalo.

Imigaqo-nkqubo yogcino-lwazi eqhubekekayo kwiintengiso zemali

Imigaqo emithandathu ye-GDPR, eboniswe kwi-DPA 2018, yisiseko sokulungiselelwa ngokusemthethweni. Kwintengiselwano yemali, umgaqo ngamnye uneziphumo ezicacileyo ezisebenzayo.

Umthetho, Ubulungisa Nokubonisa Ingqiqo

Amaqumrhu emali kufuneka azise abathengi ngolwimi olucacileyo, olufikelelekayo malunga noko kuqokelelwa kogcino-lwazi kunye nesizathu. Oku kufunyanwa ngezaziso zobuqu ezinikelwe ekuvulweni kwengxelo nangaphambi kolungiselelo lokuthengiselana. Ukubonakala gca kwanda ekwenzeni izigqibo ezizenzekelayo, ezifana nokuqulunqa okanye ukufumanisa ityala okanye ukuqhatha. Phantsi kweGDPR, abantu banelungelo lokungathotyelwa zisigqibo esizihambelayo esivelisayo iziphumo ezisemthethweni, ngaphandle kokuba kunikwe imvume ecacileyo okanye isivumelwano esifanelekileyo sokwenza izigqibo zemali okanye imigaqo-manani yokufumana ityala. Phantsi kweGDPR, abantu ngabanye banelungelo lokungathotyeniswa kuphela ezizinzileyo.

Ukwahlula Injongo

Ugcino-lwazi oluqokelelwe ukwenzela ukudlulisa ucingo alunakuphinda lujoliswe ekuthengisweni ngaphandle kwemvume entsha. Abalawuli base-Ireland banyanzelisa oku ngokungqongqo: isiko lemali elisebenzisa idata ethengiselwayo ukwakha iiprojekthi ukwenzela iinjongo ezingezozamvelo. I-DPC ikhuphe ukhokelo olugxininisa ukuba "imvume yokurhoxisa" ayisebenzi; iinjongo kufuneka zicaciswe kwaye zivunywe ngabantu ngabanye.

Ukwenza kube lula ugcino-lwazi

Kuphela ngugcino-lwazi olufunekayo kuthengiselwano olukhethekileyo kufuneka lucaciswe. Umzekelo, ukwenza intengiso elula yamakhadi edebit akufunekanga umgangatho wengeniso okanye imbali yomsebenzi. Noko ke, ukuze kufunyanwe imali eninzi, ugcino-lwazi lwemali lungagwetywa. Umgaqo wokuncitshiswa kogcino-lwazi ungakuthethelela ukugcinwa kwengxelo: amaziko emali asoloko efunwa yimithetho (umz., imithetho ye-AML) ukugcina ugcino-lwazi iminyaka emihlanu emva kokuphela kolwalamano, kodwa akufunekangagcini iinkcukacha ezingeyo eziyimfuneko ngaphaya kwelo xesha.

Ucoselelo

Ugcino-lwazi lwemali oluchanekileyo lungakhokelela ekulahleni ukuthengiselwana, iingxelo zetyala ezingachanekanga, okanye kwanezisohlwayo ezichanekileyo. Iziko kufuneka zizalisekise iinkqubo zokuhlaziya ulwazi lwabathengi ngokukhawuleza, njengotshintsho lwedilesi okanye uhlaziyo lobume. I-DPC ilindele ukuba izihloko zogcino-lwazi zinokuphinda ziceliwe lula kwaye iimpazamo ezichazwe ngaphakathi zilungiswa ngaphandle kokulibazisa.

Umlinganiselo wovimba

Ngeli xesha imimiselo ecacileyo yecandelo (umz., iBhanki eseMbindini ye-Ireland yeerekhodi zorhwebo) ingagunyazisa ukuba kugcinwe ixesha elihlanu ukuya kwesixhenxe iminyaka, amaziko angayigcini ngokungenasiphelo idata ukuze afumaneke. Iinkqubo zokukhulula ezikhuselekileyo, kuquka ukhutshelo lwekopi yogcino-lwazi, kufuneka zibhalwe phantsi kwaye ziphindwe ziphicothwe. IGDPR's "ilungelo lokuqinisekisa" (iNqaqonga 17) iyasebenza, nangona isoloko ilinganiselwe xa kufuneka ugcino-data lufuneka ukwenzela ukuthobela okusemthethweni okanye izibophelelo ezithenjiweyo.

Ingqibelelo Nemfihlelo

Ugcino-lwazi lwezentengiselwano zemali lixhoba eliyintloko lophatho-mthetho lwezobugcisa. I-GDPR ifuna ubuchule kunye namanyathelo entlangano (ama-TOM) afana nokuvulwa kombhalo ofihlakeleyo, ulawulo lokufikelela, kunye novavanyo lokhuseleko oluthe rhoqo. IBhanking Gunya le-Bhankini (] ABAMAGUNYAZI KU-ICT noKhuselelo lobungozi) imisela ngokubhekele amanyathelo okhuseleko akhethekileyo ekuhlawuleleni abanikezeli benkonzo. I-Brapesenti kufuneka yaziswe kwi-DPCCC kwiiyure ezingama-772, apho kukho umngcipheko kumalungelo nenkululeko yabantu.

IMizimba Elawulayo: IZigulo Zombutho

IKhomishini yoKhuselo logcino-lwazi (DPC)

I-DPC ligunya elizimeleyo le-Ireland elijongene nokukhusela amalungelo ogcino-lwazi. Linamandla okuphanda izikhalazo, ukuphicotha, ukunyanzelisa isaziso, nokubeka iimali zolawulo ezifikelela kwizigidi ezingama-20 okanye izi-4% zoguquko lwehlabathi lonke, nayiphi na engaphezulu. I-DPC ibisoloko isebenza ngokukhethekileyo kwicandelo lemali, ikhupha iimali ezithe ngqo kwiibhanki ezininzi zeGDPR transki ezinxulumene nemigaqo engafanelekanga kunye neenkqubo zesaziso ezingenelisekanga.

ICentral Bank yaseIreland

IBhanki esembindini ijonge uzinzo lwemali kunye nehambo yamalungiselelo emali. Ikhowudi yayo yoKhuselo lwe-CalT:0 ye-2012 ibeka iimfuno ezongezelelekileyo zokuphatha ugcino-lwazi, kuquka nokuthembeka, ukubonakala, nelungelo lolwazi. IBhanki ePhakathi ikwanyanzelisa i-European Union (IiNkonzo zemali) 2018 (IiiNkqulo). Le mithetho igunyazisa uqinisekiso olunamandla (SCA) kunye nemilinganiselo engqongqo ekusetyenzisweni kwe-data yokuhlawula icandelo lesithathu (TPP). IBHANGELE-P) inokuba neziphumo zogunyazo zoqeqesho lukawonke wonke, iintembeko, okanye ukurhoxanduswa kombhali.

Ulawulo Olunengcungela

Ngokwendlela esetyenziswayo, iDPC neCentral Bank zilungelelaniswa kwimicimbi yolawulo olwahlukeneyo. Umzekelo, xa uqhawulo-lwazi olukhulu lusenzeka ebhankini, abalawuli bobabini bangahlola: iDPC ngokwembono yangasese kunye neCentral Bank ukusuka kuzinzo lwemali ne-engile yabathengi. Iziko kufuneka zibe nezicwangciso eziqinileyo zokusabela ezanelisa zombini izicwangciso.

Ukulungelelaniswa kogcino-lwazi olunemithetho ekhethekileyo echaphazelayo

ISebe elibhatalayo liSiseko 2 (PSD2)

ISebe lokubhatala elihlaziyiweyo liquka umthetho we-Irish (EU/23666), utshintsho olubekwe kumthetho njenge-European Union (IeNkonzo Zokuhlawula) 2018, lulungise ngokuchanekileyo indlela ugcino-lwazi lwezemali oludityanisiweyo ngayo. I-PS2 ichaza ingqiqo "yokuvula imali," ifuna iibhanki zinikeze izinikezeli zenkonzo zolwandiso lwesithathu (PISP) kunye nabanikezeli beenkonzo zolwazi (AISP) zokufikelela kwii-akhawunti zabathengi (* kodwa kuphela ngemvume ecacileyo yomguli. Oku kwenza umlinganiselo ofanelekileyo phakathi kolwakhiwo nokhuseleko.

  • Uqinisekiso lomthengisi (SCA): uninzi lwezibhatalo ze-elektroniki lufuna uqinisekiso lwezibonelelo ezimbini ezingundoqo usebenzisa ulwazi, ukuphatha, kunye noonobumba abangenazintloni.
  • [[FLT: 0] Ulawulo lonikezelo: Iibhanki kufuneka zinikezele iiTPP ngojongano olunikezelweyo (API) olulinganisela ulwamkelo logcino-lwazi kwimfuno yenkonzo eceliweyo.
  • [[UMTL:0] Imithetho yokufumaneka: kunye nolwahlulo logcino-lwazi olunyusiweyo luza neempawu ezicacileyo zemfanelo yesakhelo sokuthengiselwana okungagunyaziswanga okanye ulwaphuko logcino-lwazi.

Imali echasene neLandering (AML) kunye neNkqutyana yokuphikisa (CTF)

IJaji yeNkcubeko (Imali Laundering and Terrist Finanching) IZenzo 2010-2021 imisela iimfanelo zokulungiselela ugcino-lwazi ezibanzi “kubantu abatyunjweyo,” kuquka iibhanki, amaqhina okuhlawula, imibutho ehlawulwa, kunye nabasebenzi bezenyani zeenkonzo. Le mithetho iyafuna:

  • Isiko elifuna ukukhuthala (CDD): ukuqokelela nokuqinisekisa idata yochazo (igama, idilesi, umhla wokuzalwa) phambi kwalo naluphi na ulwalamano oluqhubekayo lweshishini.
  • Ibhanki zobumnini: Ukwahlula abanini bolawulo lwenkampani.
  • [[Umthetho:0] Isikhangeli sobugxwayiba: ukhangelo oluqhubekayo lwazo zonke iintengiso ukukhangela umsebenzi okrokrelekayo.
  • [[UMTHLO:0] Ugcino lwengxelo: Ugcino lwentengiso nerekhoda yesazisi iminyaka emihlanu ubuncinane emva kokuphela kolwalamano loshishino.

Ukudibana kwe-GDPR kuntsonkothile: umzekelo, izibophelelo ze-AML zingathethelela ukugqithisa ilungelo logcino-lwazi lomntu kwi-exas, kodwa kuphela ngomlinganiselo oyimfuneko. I-DPC ipapashe ukhokelo lokulungelelanisa le misebenzi yokukhuphisana.

Imithetho yeeNkonzo ezibhatalayo neMithetho yeMali

I-European Union (IeNkonzo Zokuhlawula) 2018 kunye neMimiselo yeMigaqo-nkqubo yaseYurophu (Imali Engathathi Nto) 2011 imisela imilinganiselo yokhuseleko logcino-lwazi kwintlawulo nakumaqumrhu emali. Ezi ziquka iimfuno zokukhusela imali yabathengi, ukuzalisekisa uhlolo lweziphumo zokhuseleko logcino-lwazi (DPIA) ukwenzela uqhubekeko oluphezulu lwe-risk, kunye nokubika iziganeko eziphambili zokusebenza (kuquka ukuchasana kogcino-lwazi olubalulekileyo) kwiBhanki eseMbindini.

Imisebenzi esebenzayo yokubonelela ngeenkonzo zezemali

Impembelelo yokhuselo logcino-lwazi (DPIAS)

Phantsi kweGDPR yama-35 eGDPR, i-PIA inyanzelekile "apho uhlobo oluthile lokuqhubekekisa lungaphumela kwingozi ephezulu kumalungelo nenkululeko yabantu bendalo.

  • Isikali esikhulu sokuyila iprofilifili ecwangcisiweyo (umz., ityala lokuncamathisela iimodeli).
  • Ukulungelelanisa ugcino-lwazi lwe-biometric (umz., uqinisekiso lwelizwi lokugcina umnxeba).
  • Ukuphumeza iinkqubo zokuhlola ezitsha zorhwebo usebenzisa i-Al.
  • Ukundulula ibhanki evulekileyo

Uxwebhu olubanzi lwe DPI luchaza injongo yokuqhubekekisa, imfuneko, ukulungelelana, kunye nomlinganiselo womngcipheko. Kufuneka luhlolisiswe luze luhlaziywe njengoko ukwenziwa kotshintsho.

Ukuzoba iMaphu yogcino-lwazi neengxelo zemisebenzi yokulungelelanisa (ROPA)

Amalungiselelo emali kufuneka agcine iROPA enenkcukacha njengoko ifunwa liGqr 30 leGDPR. Le ngxelo kufuneka imephu yonke ibhayisekile yogcino-lwazi lorhwebo: ukusukela kwingqokelela edlula kwi-intanethi yogcino-mali okanye kwii-ATM, kwiinkqubo zebhanki ezingaphakathi, ukuya kwiinkqubo zesithathu zecandelo (umz., ucetyo lwamakhadi, iingcambu zokuhlawula), kunye nokukhupha i-archip okanye ukucima. Umzobo ochanekileyo wedata unceda ukuchaza ngokuchanekileyo ukuchasana, izicelo zonikezelo, kunye neencwadi zophicotho.

Ulawulo lomngcipheko womthengisi kunye necandelo lesithathu

Iibhanki kunye neebhanki ezinamaphiko zidla ngokudibanisa amaqela esithathu okuthunyelelwa amafu, ukuxinwa, ukufunyaniswa kobuqhetseba, kunye nenkxaso yabathengi. Phantsi kwe-GDPR, iziko lemali lihlala lingumlawuli wogcino-lwazi kwaye libekek ’ ityala nakuphi na ukwaphuka okubangelwa ngumqhubekekisi. Amanyathelo angundoqo aquka:

  • Ukuqhuba inzondelelo efanelekileyo kukhuseleko lomthengisi.
  • Ukuzalisekisa isivumelwano esibotshelelweyo phantsi kweGatya 28 egunyazisa ukuthobela iGDPR kwaye ithintela ukuqhubekeka okuncinci.
  • Ukuhlolisisa rhoqo ugcino-lwazi lomthengisi (okanye ukucela ii-Picols ze-SOC2).
  • Ukuqinisekisa ukuba ugcino-lwazi lobuqu ludluliselwe ngaphandle kwe-EEA lukhuselwe zikhuseleke (umz., umgangatho osezantsi odibanisa u-Claus okanye i-Corporate Relate Readers).

Uqeqesho nolwazi

Imposiso yomntu ihlala ingunobangela ophambili wokwaphuka kogcino-lwazi. Ngokuthe rhoqo, uqeqesho olucacileyo lomsebenzi lubalulekile. Abasebenzi kufuneka baqonde iimfuno zokwamkela ukuthengiswa, amaqela athobelayo kufuneka azi ukuba athini ukusingatha izicelo zolwazi kwi-statory yexesha elinye lenyanga, kwaye i-IFA kufuneka iqeqeshelwe ukuphunyezwa kwe-PSD2 ye-SCA. I-DPC' [[FLT: 0]] inika abantu isiseko esiluncedo sokusebenza ngezinto zolwazi.

Iingxaki Zale Mihla

Ukukhula Kwezisongelo Zekhori

Iinkonzo zemali zelona candelo lijoliswe kulo ekuhlaseleni ngekhompyutha. Irenteware, iphishi, kunye ne-API i-Vulnerible zingakhokelela kulwamkelo logcino-lwazi olusikali esikhulu. I-2022 IBhanki ye-Intenity Stability Review ye-Intellity[ ibalaselise ubungozi bokusebenza kwiziganeko ze-intanethi zekhompyutha njengenkxalabo engundoqo. Ukugcina ii-TOM zinomngeni oqhubekayo, ingakumbi kwimibutho encinane enoxanduva yoqingqo-mali.

Ulungelelwaniso olujikelezayo

Imimiselo emitsha efana nomthetho we-adigital osebenzayo Resilience (DORA) kunye nojikelezo lwe-ePrigation iya kudibanisa umaleko othe kratya weemfuno. IDORA, isebenza ngokungqongqo ukususela ngoJanuwari 2025, imiyalelo yokulawula umngcipheko we-ICT, ukuchaza isiganeko, kunye novavanyo lokuzinzisa lwesithathu kwimiqathango yemali ekhoyo kwi-EU. Icandelo lifuna utyalo olubalulekileyo ekulawuleni nakubugcisa.

Ukulungelelanisa Ibhanki YaseOpen Bank nexesha Lokuzimela

PSD2 iphendulwe kodwa ikwanyuswe ulwabelano logcino-lwazi. I-DPC iphakamise inkxalabo malunga nobuninzi bogcino-lwazi olufikelelweyo ngabanikezeli becandelo lesithathu nokubonakala kokuhamba kwemvume. Amaqumrhu emali kufuneka ayile imidibaniso evumela abathengi ukuba banikezele okanye barhoxe kwisiseko somqambi ngamnye, hayi njengemvume yengubo yokufaka ingubo.

Uthutho logcino-lwazi lwehlabathi lwePost-Schrems II

Ukungagunyaziswa kwesakhiwo se-Amfishile Shield yeNkundla yeJaji yeLungu le-European Union ngo-2020 (Schrems II) kunogcino-lwazi oluntsonkothileyo olusuka e-Ireland luye eUnited States nakwamanye amazwe esithathu. Amaziko emali axhomekeke kumagumbi asekelwe e-US kufuneka ngoku adwelise yonke i-data ehamba kunye nemilinganiselo eyongezelelekileyo, efana nokuvulwa kwe-ekhomputha egcinwe ngokwahlukileyo kwi-EEA. I-EUS syntacyalm eqeshing (efakwe ngoJulayi 2023) anike inkqubo entsha yokufuduselwa kwe-US, kodwa ugcino lwayo lwexesha elide luhlala lungaqiniseki.

Izinto Eziza Kuvela Kwixesha Elizayo Nendlela Yokulungiselela

UMthetho wogcino-lwazi lwe-EU kunye noMthetho wogcino-lwazi lwemali

UMthetho wogcino-lwazi ocetyiweyo we-EU ujolise ekungcoliseni imithetho yokufikelela nokusetyenziswa kogcino-lwazi oluvelisiweyo zizixhobo ezidityanisiweyo. Kwimeko yemali, oku kungandisa umlinganiselo wogcino-lwazi olwabelana ngaphaya kolwazi lwembali ukuquka i-data ehlawulwa kakuhle kunye nee-inshorensi. Amaziko emali kufuneka ajonge le fayili kwaye aquke nabalawuli kwangoko.

Ulungiso olubuaa kunye nokwenziwa kwesigqibo okuzenzekelayo

UMthetho we-EU AI, olindeleke ukuba ugqitywe ngo-2024, uza kubeka iimfuno ezisezantsi kwiinkqubo ze-II ezisetyenziswa ekugxininiseni kwityala, ekufumaneni uphando, kunye nohlolo lomngcipheko. Abanikeli kufuneka baqinisekise ukuba ukubonakala, ukuvelela komntu, kunye nokuvavanya ucalucalulo oluqinileyo. Ikhampani iza kufuna ukuhlaziya iimodeli ezikhoyo kunye neenkqubo zokwenza izigqibo ngokucokisekileyo.

Ukomeleza oovimba abanyanzelisayo

I-DPC ibinyusa inani layo eliyintloko kunye nomthamo wokusebenza. Ngo-2023, i-DPC ekhuselweyo ityala elirekhodiweyo kwiinkampani ezininzi zobugcisa kwaye iphawule ukujolisa okubukhali kwicandelo lemali. Iziko kufuneka zisuke kwisixhobo sokusebenza, indawo yobuqu yokuzibophelela ngokuyila imveliso okanye inkonzo nganye entsha.

Isiphelo

Ucwangciso olusemthethweni lokulungelelanisa ugcino-lwazi kwintengiso yemali yase-Ireland luyinkqubo esebenzayo, ebekelwe izinto ezininzi efuna ukuhlala iphaphamile. Ukusuka kwimigaqo yesiseko ye-GDPR kunye ne-DPA 2018 ukuya kwimiyalelo yecandelo yemithetho yePSD2, ne-AML yeBhanki ePhakathi, amaziko emali kufuneka alungise ukhuseleko lwe-data kwilaphu lawo lomsebenzi. Oku akuthethi kuthi nje kukuphepha ukucoceka okucolekileyo; kumalunga nokwakhela ukholo ngabathengi kwaye kuphumele iprojekthi eqinileyo. Ngokuqonda iprojekthi yemibutho, ukuqokelela iinkqubo zokuthobela iprojekthi, nokuhlala ngaphambi kwenkqubela, imibutho ingenza ukuntlukwano esemthethweni kungenelwa kokhuphiswano. Indlela ephambili ifuna ukunikezelwa kwibhodi ukuya kumgca ongaphambili ukuya kwixabiso elingundoqo elingundoqo, hayi nje.