Enye iDispute Resolution (ADR) isuke kwindawo echaseneyo nentsika engundoqo yolawulo lwale mihla. Kwixesha apho iinkundla zemadokisi zixinzelelwe nzima kwaye zinexabiso lokunyuka, i-ADR inika amaqela iziphumo ezifanelekileyo/ezingaphezulu / kwaye inika iziphumo eziluncedo, iingxaki ezicwangcisiweyo, ukutshintsha kwezentengiso, iimpikiswano zentsapho, imicimbi yomsebenzi, okanye urhwebo lwezizwe ngezizwe, imigaqo ye-ADR ibuyisela indlela esicinga ngayo ngobulungisa nangempumelelo. Eli nqaku linika uvavanyo olubanzi lwe-ADR, ukuvavanya iinzuzo zayo, imingeniselo engundoqo, kunye nokwenziwa okucwangciiiiiiiii. Ngokuqonda umgangatho opheleleyo wemeko yesinye impikiswano, bophicoselelo lwesigqibo, bobabini nemibutho yorhwebo kunye neziphumo ezingundoqo.

Ukuqonda Enye Ingxaki: Umsebenzi Owenziweyo

Enye indlela yeSigqibo seSigqibo seDispute ibhekisela kuyo nayiphi na indlela yokucombulula impikiswano ngaphandle kwesithethe senkundla. Eli gama liquka iindidi ezininzi zeenkqubo ``ADR', ezinye ii-acatifilitive, ezinye ii-arhente, kunye nezinye izigqubuthelo. Okuzimanyanisayo lusukelo olwahlukeneyo: ukunceda amaqela afikelele isigqibo ngaphandle kokulibala, iindleko, kunye nomonakalo ongokweemvakalelo wokudityaniswa kwenkundla. Iingcambulo ze-ADR zingacalulwa emva kweenkulungwane, ukusuka kwiinkqubo zoluntu ezisekelwe kwimibutho yabantu ukuya kurhwebo kwimiboniso yorhwebo yaphakathi. EUnited States, umbutho we-ADR wafumana ukhuthulo lwezomthetho we-Arbitmental Arbitation Act, kunye nomthetho we-Overstivect yomthetho ka-19909, nto leyo ekhuthaza ukuba kwenziwe ngolunye umgaqo-ozwezwezwe linye i-AD, imigaqo zemithetho yezizwe zamazwe-omi.

Ubuchule Bokwenza I - ADR

I-ADR asiyondlela enye kodwa yi- adrogumentum. Kwisiphelo esinye ikhona incoko ecocekileyo, apho amaqela anxibelelana ngqo ngaphandle kweqela lesithathu. Kwesinye isiphelo kulapho udibaniso, olufana ngokusondeleyo novavanyo lwabucala. Phakathi kwezi zibonda zikho i-mediation, ukuhlanganisa, uvavanyo lwasekuqaleni, uvavanyo lobundidinano, kunye nemodeli ezixubileyo ezifana nemed-arb. Ukuqonda olu lwahlulo luvumela amaqela ukuba akhethe inkqubo exonxwe kwiimfuno zawo ezithile, ```enobncncs' afaka isantya, ixabiso, ulawulo, okanye isiphelo.

  • [[NTLT:0] Uphicotho: Olona hlobo lusisiseko lwempikiswano yesigqibo, uhlolo lubandakanya unxibelelwano oluthe ngqo, olungalungelelaniyo phakathi kwamaqela. Kungaba yinto engacwangciswanga, njengakwingxoxo yokucombulula ukungaqondani, okanye ukulungelelaniswa, njengakunxibelelwano oluninzi nesiluleko esikhoyo. Impumelelo ixhomekeke kunxibelelwano olunempumelelo, uvelwano, kunye nokukulungela ukuphanda ngoncedo olunye.
  • Intsingiselo: Kwindawo yoluvo, iqela elingondileleyo elithathu `umlamsheli']. "umlamli" ulungisa incoko kwaye unceda amaqela achaze izilangazelelo ezisemgangathweni, avelise ukhetho, kwaye enze isivumelwano somsebenzi. Umlamleli akanyanzeli isisombululo kodwa unika amaqela amandla okufumana enye. I-Media iyimfihlo kwaye yenzeke ngokuzithandela; ukuba akukho sivumelwano sifikelelwa, amaqela agcine onke amalungelo okulandela ezinye iimpendulo. Iluncedo ngakumbi kwiimbambano apho kugcinwa ulwalamano, njengamalungu, umsebenzi, okanye imilo yomanyano.
  • I-Arbittion: Yinkqubo ecwangcisiweyo ye-ADR apho abaququzeleli beva khona ubungqina kunye neempikiswano ezivela kuwo omabini amacala kwaye banikezele isigqibo esibophekileyo, esaziwa njengembasa. Ngelixesha incinci ngokusemthethweni kunetyala, ukuququzelela kubandakanya imithetho yobungqina, ukufunyaniswa kwangaphambili, kunye nemithetho ecwangcisiweyo. Icandelo lidla ngokukhetha ulwahlulo loko lokugqibela, ubuchule bomququzeleli, kunye nokunyanzeleka phantsi koMthetho we-Comyutho-mva-mazwe angaphandle.
  • [[NTL:0] Uququzelo: olufanayo nokuququzelela, udibaniso lubandakanya umntu ongathathi-nxaxheba oncedisa amaqela ekucombululeni impikiswano yawo. Noko ke, umhlanganisi angadlala indima esebenzayo, yokukhuthaza, ```enza izisombululo ezinokwenzeka okanye ukuvavanya ubuchule besikhundla samacala onke. Unxulumano lusoloko lusetyenziswa kwiimpikiswano zomsebenzi kunye nemeko zorhwebo zamazwe ngamazwe.
  • Uhlolo lwangaphambili lwe-Neutral (ENE): kule nkqubo, ingcaphephe yobundilele inika uhlolo olungabopheleliyo lwamandla nobuthathaka bemeko yeqela ngalinye. Uvavanyo lunganceda iqela lizihlolisise kwakhona iindawo zalo lize likhuthaze ukuhlalisana. I-ENE isetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kwimiba entsonkothileyo ebandakanya ubugcisa okanye umba wezomthetho.
  • I-Arb e-Med: Yinkqubo exubileyo apho amaqela azama khona kuqala ukuzama ukukhupha i-media; ukuba oko kungaphumeleli, umbandela omnye wobundilele okanye owohlukeneyo wobundilele ongalungiswanga. Le nxube ingenza zombini ujikelezo lwe-metation kunye nokugqibela kokuqukumbela, kodwa inyusa inkxalabo ngobuchule bomlamleli bokuhlala engakhethi ukuba kamva usebenza njengomlamleli.

Ukuqhelisela Iingenelo Ezininzi ZeADR

Isibheno se-ADR sikwimiqathango emininzi ebhalwe kakuhle ngaphezulu kwelixa lichaziwe. Ngexesha ityala ngalinye lihlukile, uphando lubonisa ukuba i-ADR inganikezela ngokukhawuleza, ngexabiso eliphantsi, kwaye yanelisa iziphumo. Uhlolisiso lwe-American Arbitration Association lufumanise ukuba amatyala okhuphiswano athengisiweyo, ngokwe-avareji, kwiinyanga eziyi-12/14 kuthelekiswa neenyanga ezingama-24/30 kumatyala afanayo enkundleko. I-Media iqhayisa ngolwano oluphezulu, ngenani le-American Bar Bar lixela ukuba ngaphezu kwama-85% e-5% abathathi-nxaxheba ekudibaniseni iziphumo zichaza ulwaneliseko kunye neziphumo.

Isiphumo Sexabiso kunye Nokwaneliseka

Ukuxilonga kubiza ixabiso. Uhlolo lungathabatha amawaka eeyure kunye nezigidi zeerandi. Iinkqubo ze-ADR zenzelwe ukuba zityekele. Umzekelo, kukho ukufunyanwa okulinganiselweyo (ukuba ikhona) kwaye inkqubo idla ngokuthatha iintsuku kuneenyanga. Ulwahlulo luyilwa kodwa lusenokuwuphepha umahluko phakathi kokucombulula impikiswano nokushiya isaziso esisemthethweni, njengoqheliso oluthe shwaka kunye nezibuko ezixineneyo. Isiphumo yintengiso yexabiso esoloko iyinani elincinane lemali edityanisiweyo.

Imfihlelo Nolawulo

Iingxelo zenkundla ziingxelo zikawonke-wonke. Amashishini, ukumangalelwa kwetyala kungabhenca iimfihlelo zorhwebo, ulwazi lwemali, kunye neempikiswano zangaphakathi kwabakhuphiswano kunye namaphephandaba. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, i-ADR, iyimfihlo. kunye nezivumelwano ezininzi zokukhupha ityala ziquka amalungiselelo emfihlelo akhusela inkqubo yonke(antimonia), ubungqina, kunye nokuvunywa kwemali ekugqibeleni. Oku kufihla imfihlo kubaluleke ngokukhethekileyo kwiimizi-mveliso efana nonyango, ubugcisa, kunye nemali, apho ulwazi olunzulu kunye nolwazi olusekelwe kwikhompyutha lubaluleke kakhulu khona.

Iqela Elizihambelayo Neziphumo Ezibhetyebhetye

Kwinkundla, ekuphela konyango olunokunikwa yijaji esemthethweni ``Imali yomonakalo okanye umyalelo. ADR ivula ucango kwimithetho yokudala, izisombululo ezisekelwe kwinzala. Oku kuvumelana kwimigaqo engeyoyoyamava efana nokucela uxolo, intsebenziswano kwixesha elizayo, okanye intlawulo ecwangcisiweyo. Kukuhlahlela, amaqela angakhetha umthetho olawulayo, indawo, kwanemiqathango esekelwe kwinzala. Oku kuvumela iziphumo ezithe zadityaniselwa kwimfuno zokwenene zamaqela kunento enokwenziwa yinkundla.

Umanyano

Ukhuphiswano lungatshisa ibhulorho phakathi kwamaqabane oshishino, amalungu entsapho, okanye abasebenzi abasebenza kunye. ADR, ingakumbi i-mediadia, igxininisa intsebenziswano kunye nokuqondana. Ubuchule bonxibelelwano obufundiweyo kwi-media budla ngokuguqulela kwintsebenziswano engcono kwixesha elizayo. Izivumelwano ezininzi zezorhwebo ziquka izivakalisi ezifaka amaqela kwintsebenziswano yezoshishino eqhubekayo.

Iindima Ezibalulekileyo Zabo Bangathathi Nxamnye: Abalamli Nabahlali

Impumelelo yayo nayiphi na inkqubo ye-ADR ixhomekeke kakhulu kubuchule nokuthembeka kobundilele. Ngoxa abagwebi bemiselwa okanye benyulwa baze banyangwe ngemithetho esesikweni, abalamleli nabaququzeleli bavela kwiimvelaphi ezahlukeneyo zemfundo(umthetho, ubunjineli, inkcubeko, inzululwazi yezezimali, inzululwazi yengqondo) kwaye kufuneka banamathele kwimimiselo yabo yemilinganiselo yokuziphatha.

Ubuchule Bomlamli

Umlamleli akangomenzi wesigqibo kodwa ngunobangela. Owona mlamleli usebenzayo unobuchule obunzulu bokuphulaphula, ubukrelekrele beemvakalelo, kunye namandla okulungisa kwakhona iingxabano zamathuba okuvumelana. Bahlala bengakhethi bucala kuyo yonke inkqubo, bangaze bathabathe icala okanye banike icebiso elingokwasemthethweni. Endaweni yoko, banceda amaqela akhuphe iimvakalelo, acacise izilangazelelo, kunye nokhetho lobuchopho. Umsebenzi womlamkeli uquka ukulawula ukungalungelelani kwamandla okuzinzileyo, /ukuqinisekisa ukuba iqela elinamandla okanye elizikhaliphayo aliyilawuli ingxoxo. Iinkqubo zoqeqesho zeMediation, njengalawo adityaniswe yiKhosi yeNxulumano yeMphicombululo, ijolise kwimiba ephambili, efuna iiyure ezingama-40 zokufundisa kunye nee-adiodio abajoli.

Igunya Lomphathi

Abaququzeleli basebenza njengabagwebi babucala. Kufuneka babe nomyalelo opheleleyo womthetho osezantsi, imithetho esetyenziswayo, kunye nobungqina. Ngokungafaniyo nabameli, abaququzeleli benza izigqibo ezibophelelekileyo ezinyanzelelwayo ezinyanzelekileyo enkundleni. Ngenxa yoko, kufuneka bahlangabezane neemfaneleko ezininzi. Amacandelo amaninzi okulungisa, njengalawo alawulwa nguJAMS okanye iMelika ye-Arbitration Association, kufuneka ukuba abe namaqumrhu anokufumana ubuncinane iminyaka elishumi yamava asemthethweni okanye amashishini, aqeqeshelwe ngokukhethekileyo kwimithetho e-gractial, kwaye athobele ikhowudi ye-Arbitator. I-agertacier kufuneka kuqwalaselwe kwaye kusekelwe kubungqina; kufuneka kuqwalaswe kwaye kuqwalaswe ubuqholo obunciphileyo, okanye ubuqhetseba, ubuqhokolo, okanye ubuqhophololo.

Ukusebenzisa i-ADR: Ukujongana

Ukukhuthaza i-ADR kwicebo lokulungisa impikiswano kufuna ukucwangcisa ngenyameko, hayi nje i-gide e-coppect kwisivumelwano. Imibutho kunye nabantu ngabanye kufuneka bafikelele ukuphunyezwa ngendlela efanayo efuna ukulungiselelwa.

Ukuthambisa OoClaus Abanempumelelo

Inyathelo elibalulekileyo kukubhala igalelo le-ADR elicacileyo, elinyanzelekileyo nakwesiphi na isivumelwano. I-ADR efakelwe kakuhle kufuneka ichaze uhlobo lwe-ADR (umz., i-mediadiation elandelwa yi-arbitration Relation, imithetho (njenge AAAA Commercional okanye i-JAMS Comprehensived Arbitrationgationgation Requence), indawo, inani lee-ethilitive, kunye nendlela yokuzikhetha. Kufuneka ichaze imibandela engundoqo efana nobungakanani bokufumana, ukwabiwa kwamaxabiso, kunye nefreyithi yexesha lokugqiba inkqubo. I-Vagueting ````Ams' -- amaqela ayakuzama ukucombulula iimpikiswano ngokungena mvume. Ngokufunzekayo. [FL:]

Ukukhetha Umlungiseleli

Iimpikiswano ezininzi ziconjululwa ngamagosa akwiziko le-ADR alawula le nkqubo, agcine uluhlu lwabathathi-nxaxheba abafanelekileyo, kunye nemithetho esezantsi. EUnited States, abanikezeli abaphambili baquka iMelika i-Abitration Association (AAA), iJAMS, kunye neCPR Institute. Ngezizwe, i-International Chamber of Commercial (ICCC) kunye neNkundla ye-London ye-Arbitrom (LCIA) elawulayo. Xa bekhetha umnikezi, baqwalasela oothunywa abafana nemali, inkcuphelo, ubuchule bokungathathi calathi nxaxheba kwishishini elinxulumene ne-CPR.

Ilungiselela Uqhubekeko

Amalungiselelo ayimfuneko. Ukulungiselela, amaqela kufuneka alungiselele igunya elifutshane, eliyimfihlo, kunye noluhlu lwezilangazelelo kunye neziphumo eziphambili. Ukulungisa, kufana noko kuvavanywa kwetyala (imiyalelo yamangqina, uxwebhu, kunye nemiyalelo emifutshane esemthethweni, ukuveliswa kwemveliso, kwaye kukwisicwangciso esicinezelweyo. Amacandelo kufuneka agunyazise abameli bawo ngokuhlahlela okanye ngegunya lokwenza izigqibo. Iinkqubo ezininzi ze-ADR ziyasilela kuba abachazi bokungabikho gunya lokuzinzisa, nto leyo ekhokelela ekulibaziseni okanye ekudilizeni.

Ucelomngeni Nokusikelwa Ngumqathango KweADR

Nangona kukho iingenelo ezininzi, iADR asiyondlela yokulungisa. Ukuqonda ukulinganiselwa kwayo kubalulekile ekwenzeni izigqibo ngolwazi nokuqinisekisa iziphumo zintle, zinyanzelekile yaye zihlala zihleli.

Ukungalingani Kwamandla Nenkxalabo Entle

Iinkqubo ze-ADR zixhomekeke ekuthembisenina ngokuzithandela nasekuthabatheni inxaxheba kukholo olulungileyo. Xa omnye umbutho enobuncwane obuninzi, ulwazi, okanye ecebisana ngamandla `njengakwingxoxo yomqeshi-mqeshwa'ebuthathaka kakhulu) ungaziva enyanzelekile ukwamkela iziphumo ezingalunganga. Abalamkeli kufuneka baphaphele ekuthetheni kwezi zimo zingalungelekiyo, kwaye abaququzeleli banomsebenzi wokuqinisekisa inkqubela engundoqo. Ezinye imikhosi zimisele imithetho yokukhusela abathengi nabaqeshwa ekunyanzeleni imigaqo ethintela ukufikelela kwiinkundla. I-Cornell Information Information Information inikeza ushwankathelo oluluncedo lwemithetho esemthethweni yokugcinwa.

Ukufumanisa Izinto Ezimbalwa Nophuhliso Olubonakalayo

Kuzo zombini ii-mediation kunye nofakelo, ukufunyanwa kulinganiselwe kakhulu kunento ethethwa enkundleni. Ngoxa oku kugcina ixesha kunye nexabiso, kungakhusela amaqela ekuhloleni ngokupheleleyo izibakala. Kwiimeko ezintsonkothileyo ezibandakanya ukuqhatha, iziphene zemveliso, okanye iimpikiswano ezigunyazisiweyo, ukungafunyanwa kolwazi olubanzi kungakhokelela kwingxelo engaphelelanga kunye nesiphumo esingalunganga. Iintlanganiso kufuneka zilinganise urhwebo-luphumo: isigqibo esikhawulezileyo sinokuba luncedo oluncinane kunesigqibo esipheleleyo, esinobuchule.

Ukunyanzeliswa noHlaziyo lwezeMigaqo-nkqubo

Amabhaso okukhupha imvume asetyenziswayo kwaye anyanzelekile phantsi komthetho wesizwe . .Isikhala sinika izindululo ezisikelweyo zokufumana impesa, njengesanyuko, uknaye olucacileyo, okanye amagunya amakhulu. Kodwa ke, izivumelwano zolawulo zisivumelwano; ukuba iqela lophululo, elinye iqela kufuneka liyinyanzelise. Eli thuba lingakuthoba ukugqibela okufunwa ngabaninzi. Ngaphezu koko, “umlinganiselo othe kratya wokuhlola” uthetha ukuba kwanebhaso olusekelwe kwimpazamo ecacileyo yomthetho liza kuma, ngaphandle kokuba iimeko ezingaqhelekanga apho amaqela avumelana ngokuphinda-phinda-phinda.

Akufanelekele Zonke Iingxabano

Ezinye iimpikiswano zifuna uluntu ngokubanzi kunye nokudalwa kwemeko. Iimeko ezibandakanya imibuzo yomgaqo-siseko, inkqubo kawonke-wonke, okanye ububi obusetyenziswayo (umz., ukuqhatha kwabathengi, ukwaphulwa kwamalungelo abantu) zingangafunwa ngokufanelekileyo ngenxa ye-ADR yangasese. Ngokufanayo, iimpikiswano apho iqela elithile lifuna ukuthethelelwa okanye umyalelo wempembelelo ebanzi ziyakufuna ukulawulwa yinkundla. Okokugqibela, apho kuyimfuneko khona ukukhulula okukhawulezileyo. Ngokungathi kumele kuthintelwe umgaqo wento engxamisekileyo.

Ikamva LeADR: Ubugcisa, Ukudityaniswa Kwehlabathi Nokusetyenziswa Kwezinto Eziyingozi

Njengoko i-ADR ikhula, iyaqhubeka ihambelana. Unyuko lwesigqibo sengxoxo kwi-intanethi (ODR) luye lwandisa u-ADR ukuya kwingxubano ye-aDR, iingxwabangxwaba, kwanengquzulwano yentsapho apho imiqathango ethintelweyo kwintlanganiso ze-person. Iplatforms njenge Modria kunye neMatterhorn inika izicwangciso zengxoxo ezizenzekelayo kunye nevidiyo. Iinkqubo ze-video zokuxoxilonga i-menterb kunye “bbb-bb-" ezithelekisa ngcono zombini: izakhiwo ezifana nezikhulu zekhulu lezwe i-Singapore International Arbitration Center ne Dubai International Arbitration Centent Cent kunye neDuba International Arbit ye-Abit elungele ukusetyenziswa kwemidathanga ne-injini ye-AD, iya kuhlala ikho ukusetyenziswa kwempikiswano ye-AD. Ngoku, ngoku, inkqubo ye-projective.

Kwisigqibo seNgqino eXhaswe ngokuSetyenziswayo asiyonto yesibini engcono ekuchazeni; yiseti yezixhobo ezincumisayo, ezingqineke zifanelekile ezinokuthi zidlulisele ubulungisa ngokunempumelelo nangobubele kunenkundla yezo meko ezininzi. Ngokuziqonda kakuhle iinkqubo zayo, iinzuzo, kunye nemiqathango, amaqela ayakwazi ukwenza ubuchule bokuphikisana ngezigqibo zogqibo eziluncedo, ezithe ngqo, ezithe ngqo, kwaye ezilungiselwe kwiimfuno zawo ezikhethekileyo. Ukuba usenza isivumelwano, ujongene nempikiswano, okanye uphakame ngokulula, i-ADR ifanelwe kukuqwalaselwa kokuqala kwesicelo, hayi okweyokuqala.