Isiseko Sokuthabatha Inxaxheba Kwidemokhrasi

Ukuqonda isakhiwo sikarhulumente wase-U.S. asiyondlela yemfundo engekho ngqiqweni, sisixhobo esiluncedo kuye nabani na ofuna ukwenza izwi lakhe liviwe. Xa abemi beyiqonda indlela elawulayo, iSikhundla, kunye ne- Justice Caudiers [ asebenza, bangajolisa amaxhoba abo eempatho-mvume ngokunempumelelo, babambe amagosa anyuliweyo anokuphendula, baze balawule iinkqubo ezintsonkothileyo ezibumba ubomi bemihla ngemihla. Olu lwazi luguqula ababukeli abakhutheleyo babe ngabathathi abakhutheleyo abanokuba nenxaxheba kuyo yonke into ekwimithetho yolawulo. Ngaphandle kwayo. Ngaphandle kwayo, kwanento evumayo inokuba yingozi ekulahlekisweni kwabo ngokulahlekisweni okanye ukutyeshelwa.

Abaqulunqi bomGaqo-siseko bahlulele ngabom amandla ukuthintela nayiphi na into ekhoyo ukuba ingalawuli. Olu lwahlulo ludala iindawo ezininzi zokungena kubandakanywa kommi. Ukuba ufuna ukucebisa umthetho omtsha, ukucela ulawulo oluphezulu, okanye ukubuza umthetho wenkundla, ukuqonda ukuba liliphi isebe elinegunya elifanelekileyo linyathelo lokuqala. Eli nqaku lihlolisisa isebe ngalinye ngokweenkcukacha, lichaza indlela elisebenzisana ngayo, linika iindlela ezicacileyo zokuzibandakanya nabo ngokunempumelelo.

Amasebe Amathathu Karhulumente: Ukujonga Ngokweenkcukacha

UmGaqo-siseko wase-U.S. umisela amasebe amathathu alinganayo karhulumente. Ngamnye unoxanduva olwahlukileyo, kodwa zenzelwe ukukhangela nokulungelelanisa. Le nkqubo iqinisekisa ukuba izigqibo zenkqubo zidityaniswe kwaye zicocwe kunokuba ziphuthuzwe okanye zingadibani.

Isebe loMgaqo-siseko

ISebe loMthetho liqumrhu lokwenza umthetho, elibizwa ngokuba yiBhunga. Liyi-bamaral, eliyiNdlu yabameli neNdlu yeeNtlanganiso. Inqaku I leMigaqo-siseko lizifakela onke amagunya owiso-mthetho kwelisebe, ithetha ukuba yiBhunga kuphela elinokudala imithetho karhulumente, irhafu, irhafu, isaziso semfazwe, kunye nezivumelwano ezivunywayo. Izakha-Candelo zisebenzisa eyona mpembelelo yazo ngqo ngonyulo nangonxibelelwano olungqalileyo nabameli.

Indlu yabameli inamalungu angama-435, anezihlalo ezabelwe phakathi kwamazwe asekelwe kubemi. Ummeli ngamnye ukhonza igama elikwiminyaka emibini kwaye umele isithili esithile sombutho. Ngenxa yokuba amabinzana mafutshane, amalungu endlu kufuneka ahlale enxibelelene kakhulu nemicimbi yasekuhlaleni. Eli gumbi lidla ngokuba yindawo yokungena kwingca ekwindawo ebizwa ngokuba yi-advoccacy/-*iholo zefowuni, kwaye izibongozo zinokufikelela ngokukhawuleza kwiofisi yelungu leNdlu.

Indlu yeQela inamalungu ali-100, amabini avela kwilizwe ngalinye, asebenza iminyaka emithandathu. Amabinzana amade nemithetho yeCathenari ivumela ukukhutshwa kwesantya esithe kratya. IBhunga liqinisekisa ukumiswa komongameli, ifaka izivumelwano ezihlawulweyo, kwaye igcina iimvavanyo. Abaquququzeleli basoloko begqunywa kwingcinezelo kawonke-wonke, kodwa basaxhomekeka kwinkxaso yevoti yendlela yokuqulungela, izenze zifikeleleke ngokubhalisa ngokubhalisa okuqhubekayo.

IKhomishini ikwavelela uqingqo-mali lwesizwe, iphanda izenzo zolawulo, kwaye ibamba amatyala. Iikomiti zombini kumagumbi zisebenza kwimimandla engokwempilo, imfundo, okanye ukhuseleko. iQuelela.gov ibonelela ngexesha lokwenene kwimali, iivoti, kunye nocwangciso lwekomiti, ibangela abemi ukuba balandele umsebenzi wezomthetho baze bakhuphe amagqabaza.

2. Isebe eliphetheyo

Isebe elinoLawulo oluPhezulu lijongene nokunyanzelisa imithetho edluliswa yiBhunga. Elilawulwa nguMongameli, liquka uMongameli onguMongameli, iKhabhinethi, kunye namasebe amaninzi orhulumente kunye namasebe amaninzi. UMongameli ukwasebenza njengoMthetheli-oMkhosi wemikhosi exhobileyo kwaye ulawula inkqubo yamanye amazwe. Amandla oLawulo oluPhezulu makhulu, kodwa anyanzelwa kukungamela kwemithetho kunye nohlalutyo olugwebayo.

UMongameli unika imiyalelo yegunya elilawulayo, elinamandla kodwa elinokupheliswa yiBhunga okanye licelwe imbambano enkundleni. UMongameli umisela abagwebi borhulumente, oonozakuzakuzaku, kunye noonobhala-bejaji bekhabhinethi, phantsi kwesiqinisekiso seNdlu yeeNdlu zeNtlalo-ntle. I-ofisi yesebe (a) efana ne-Arhente yeNkundla yokuSimo okanye iSebe lemfundo . Le mithetho isoloko ichaza amaxesha okugqabaza uluntu, inika ithuba lokuphembelela inkqubo ngaphambi kokuba isebenze.

Oorhulumente babonakalisa esi sakhiwo neerhuluneli, abameli besizwe, kunye neeofisi zesebe eliphetheyo. Ukusebenza kunye nesebe eliphetheyo kungabandakanya ukuvota kunyulo lomongameli, ukuqhagamshelana neHood yabamhlophe, ukuva iindlebe zikawonke-wonke kwimimiselo ecetyiweyo, okanye ukucela izikhundla kurhulumente. Iwebhsayithi yeHouse emhlophe [[[FLT: 1]] inikela izikhokelo kwindlela abemi abanokunikela ngayo amagqabaza ngemithetho karhulumente, iirekhodi zesicelo, okanye ukuthatha inxaxheba kwiikomiti ze-acconga.

3. Isebe lezeejaji

ISebe lezeeJaji lichaza imithetho kwaye liqinisekisa ukuba iyavumelana nomGaqo-siseko. Liquka iNkundla ePhakamileyo kunye neenkundla ezisezantsi zikarhulumente, kuquka iiNkundla zeSithili kunye neeNkundla zezibheno. Iijaji zoManyeneyo zimiselwe ubomi, ezizikhusela kwingcinezelo yezobupolitika kodwa kwakhona zithetha ukuba abemi abanakuyinyula okanye bayikhumbule ngokungqalileyo. Noko ke, inkqubo yokumiswa kwekomiti ($] ithobela ukuqinisekiswa kweBhunga------ecetting, kwaye abemi banokuphembelela intanda-bulumko ngokuvotela uMongameli kunye nama-Senator abenza baze bangayixhasi.

INkundla ePhakamileyo ithetha malunga namatyala angama-80 nyaka ngamnye, abandakanya imibuzo engokomGaqo-siseko, iimbambano zomthetho karhulumente, okanye iinkundla ezisezantsi. Izigqibo zayo zimisela imizekelo echaphazela onke amaqondo karhulumente. Iinkundla zephondo ezisezantsi zisingatha uninzi lwamatyala, ukusuka ekumangalelweni kwamalungelo abantu kwizibheno zolwaphulo-mthetho. IBhunga lejaji lingenako ukufikelela kwinxaxheba ngqo, kodwa abemi banokubandakanyeka ngokulandela iidokopho zeenkundla zenkundla, ukunikezela nge-aluminus (umhlobo wenkundla) emfutshane, okanye ukuba nenxaxheba kwinkonzo yejaji. Inkundla ephakamileyo yenkundla yezomthetho yezezomthetho inikela ingxelo kunye neenkonzo zabakhenkene.

Ukongezelela, imicimbi emininzi engokwasemthethweni iphethwe ziinkundla, kuquka umthetho weentsapho, iimbambano zempahla, kunye neenkundla zolwaphulo-mthetho. Ukuqonda ukuba yiyiphi inkundla elawulayo kubalulekile kuye nabani na ofuna unyango olusemthethweni okanye okhuthaza iinguqu ezingokwemigaqo ngokuzigweba.

Indlela Yokukhangela Nokulungelelana Okuvelisa Ngayo Amathuba Afanelekileyo

Ukudlala phakathi kwamasebe kudala iingongoma ezininzi zoxinzelelo lomsebenzi wabemi. Umzekelo, ukuba iKhomishini idlulisa umthetho owuchasayo, unganyanzela uMongameli ukuba awubeke kwinkundla emva kommiselo. Ukuba uMongameli unika umyalelo olawulayo ongavumelaniyo nawe, ungakhuthaza iBhunga ukuba lidlulise umthetho oweyisayo, okanye ungaxhasa ukumangalelwa okubekwe ekhohlolweni ngamaqela oonobuzala-mthetho. Oku kuthetha ukuba ukuvala okanye ukuqhubela phambili inkqubo kusoloko kufuna ucwangciso olulungelelanisiweyo kuwo onke amasebe amathathu.

Umzekelo obalaseleyo nguMthetho we-Affordal Care Act wowama-2010. Emva kokudlula kwiKhonkxa elihamba nenkxaso evela kuMongameli Obama, umthetho wacelw'ityala. INkundla ePhakamileyo yaxhasa uninzi lweenkqubo zolawulo ngo-2012, kodwa izenzo zolawulo ezilandelayo zatshintsha ukwenziwa komthetho, kwaye kamva iBhunga latshintsha iirhafu nezohlwaya. Abahlaziyi ababeqonda amasebe babenokujolisa kwimigudu yabo: ukubhalela abameli ngexesha lomthetho, ukugqabaza ngemigaqo ngexesha lokwenza umgaqo, nokudibanisa imibambo emifutshane yenkundla.

Omnye umzekeliso yinkqubo yokusingqongileyo. ICease Air Act yadluliselwa yiKhonklathi, enyanzelwa yiNkundla yokuKhuthazwa kweNkathi yeNtlalo-ntle (isebe elithe tyatyatyelweyo), yaza yatolikwa ziinkundla. Xa abemi babefuna imithetho engqongqo, bacela i-EPA. Xa i-EPA yasilela ukuthatha inyathelo, bamangalela. Xa ityala laphumelela, bakhusela imimiselo nxamnye nokuhlasela kweBhunga. Lo mjikelo ubonisa ukuba kumele kusini na ukubhaliswa kwesizwe ukuba kube ngamasebe.

Isizathu Sokuba Ukuqonda Amasebe Kubangele Isabelo Esomeleleyo

Ukwazi ilungiselelo likarhulumente kuphucula ubulunga nokuphumelela kommi. Nazi izizathu ezingundoqo:

  • I-Advocacy egalelweyo: Ukwazi ukuba liliphi isebe elinale sixhobo sokutsala ofuna ukutsala uthintela ukudlala umgudu. Ukuba inkxalabo yakho ngumthetho karhulumente, qhagamshelana nommeli wakho, hayi ijaji yakho yasekuhlaleni.
  • Ukuveliswa kolwazi: Imilinganiso yeBallot, unyulo lwezakhono, kunye nonyulo lwe-codenda lusoloko luvela ecaleni kwemida yabacela ukubhaptizwa. Ukuqonda oko igosa ngalinye elinyuliweyo likwenzayo kukunceda uvavanye indlela elisebenza ngayo kwaye ubeke ivoti kuqala.
  • I- Ukufumana i-akhawunti: Abami bangalandela indlela abameli babo abavota ngayo, indlela uMongameli aziphatha ngayo, nendlela abagwebi abalawula ngayo. Iingxelo zikawonke-wonke zenza kube lula ukuba amagosa aphendule kwibhokisi yebhola.
  • Isakhiwo sokwandiswa komthetho: Amaqela obuchule asoloko ejolise ingqalelo kumasebe athile. Ukudibanisa iqela elisebenza ekungeniseni imithetho, elinye kumagqabaza omthetho, elinye elikwilithi-gosa lingandisa impembelelo yakho.
  • [[NTLA:0] Ukungavumelani nenkcazelo: Ukuqiniswa komGaqo-siseko kunceda abemi bajongene namabali obuxoki afana “uMongameli angabhukuqa izigqibo zenkundla” okanye“ UMongameli angawurhoxisa umjikelo ngenkoliso elula.”

Uphando oluqhubekayo lubonisa ukuba ulwazi lwamaqumrhu lunxulumene nokujika okuphezulu komvoti nokuzibophelela okunzulu. Ngokutsho kogcino-lwazi olusuka kwiAnnenberg Policy Center, malunga nesithathu esinye kuphela samaMelika esinokuthi thsuphe onke amasebe orhulumente .A abonisa imfuneko yemfundo engcono yoluntu. Xa abemi beqonda amasebe, basenokubandakanyeka kwimisebenzi emininzi, ukusuka ekuyeni kwiholo zedolophu ukuya kusebenza kwibhodi zasekuhlaleni.

Iindlela Ezisebenzisekayo Zokusebenzisa Isebe Ngalinye

Ukubhalisa akupheleli ekuvoteni. Isebe ngalinye linemijelo emininzi ukuze lithathe inxaxheba.

Ukusebenzisana nesebe Lomthetho

Ukusebenzisana nesebe elinolawulo oluphezulu

  • IVote kaMongameli kunye noMphathiswa weSizwe: Esona senzo sisisiseko. Hlola iirekhodi nezicelo zabahlolo.
  • Comment kwiMithetho ebekwe phantsi: Xa umbutho worhulumente ofana ne-EPA okanye iSebe lemfundo ucebisa umthetho, kufuneka ipapashe isaziso kwiFederal Register kwaye yamkele amagqabaza kawonke-wonke. Imimiselo.gov ikuvumela ukuba uphengulule kwaye unikezele ingxelo.
  • [[UMTL: 0] Ukufuna uRhulumente: Thina bantu sicela kwi Whitehouse.gov singaxhobisa iimpendulo zasemthethweni ukuba bafikelela kumnyango othile wotyikityo.
  • Icwangcisela iiKomiti zobuGcisa: Abameli abaninzi bafuna igalelo likawonke-wonke ngebhodi yokhuthuzo. Khangela iiwebhsayithi zombutho ukwenzela ukuvula.
  • Iparicipate kwi Indlebe zikawonke-wonke: Ii-Atmosfera zibamba iimvo kwimimiselo emikhulu. Ungaya buqu okanye phantse ukunikela iimbono zakho.

Ukusebenzisana Nesebe Lezaphuli - mthetho

  • Umsebenzi we Jury: luhlobo oluthe ngqo lokuthatha inxaxheba kwinkqubo yokugweba. Iqinisekisa izigqibo ezibonakalisa amaxabiso oluntu.
  • Ifayile Amicus Brimpings: amaqela anomdla kwaye nabantu ngabanye bangangenisa umhlobo- wenguqulelo yeqonga kwiimeko abangeyolungu. Ezi mfutshane zinika iimpikiswano ezongezelelekileyo ezisemthethweni neembono.
  • Ityala leNkundla eliLandelayo: Sebenzisa iPACER ukufikelela amaxwebhu enkundla yenkundla yephondo. Landela amatyala aphezulu-profile ukuqonda indlela iinkundla ezitolika ngayo imithetho.
  • [[FLT: 0] Ityala lenkundla elithe gqolo: Inkoliso yamatyala nempikiswano ezidluliswayo zivulekile kuwonke-wonke. Ukuqwalasela inkqubo kwakha ukuqonda nokuziphendulela.
  • [[UMTHETHO: 0] Intlangano yoTshintsho loMgaqo-siseko wezeNkqulu zoLuvolo-zincwadi: Amaqela afana ne-Alliance for Justice okanye iziko leSizwe leNkundla yeSizwe lisebenza ekuboneni nokufikelela kokusesikweni.

Ukoyisa Izithintelo Zokubandakanyeka

Abemi abaninzi baziva besoyika okanye bengenamandla xa besondela kurhulumente. Imiqobo eqhelekileyo iquka imiqathango yexesha, ukuswela ulwazi, kunye nokungathembi. Ezi zinto zingayoyiswa ngamanyathelo amancinci, angaguqukiyo. Qala ngokuchonga imbambano enye oyikhathaleleyo malunga ne-(maythbe xhasa imfundo, iindleko zezempilo, okanye inkqubo yemozulu. Uphando lwesebe elinegunya eliyintloko. Emva koko khetha isenzo esinye: ileta kummeli wakho, amagqabaza ngomgaqo, okanye umnikelo kwiqela elisemthethweni.

Urhulumente wasekuhlaleni usoloko eyindawo efikeleleka kakhulu yokungena. Amabhunga ezixeko, iibhodi zesikolo, kunye neekomishini yengingqi yenza izigqibo ezichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ungingqi wakho. Ukuya kwintlanganiso enye kungayiphelisa inkqubo kwaye kwandise intembelo. Njengoko unokuba noxolo, ungazindisa izibophelelo zakho kumgangatho karhulumente nowamaqumrhu. Kwakhona ubugcisa bunceda: imibutho emininzi ikunika izilumkiso ezikuxelelayo ngokuthe ngqo ixesha nendawo ofanele uthathe ithathe inyathelo kuyo.

Isiphelo

Ukuqonda amasebe karhulumente akuyonto ilula, kodwa kuyimfuneko kuye nabani na ofuna ukuba nenxaxheba kwidemokhrasi. Ukwahlukana kwamandla kudala zombini ubuntsonkotha kunye namathuba. Ngokufunda indlela esebe ngalinye elisebenza ngayo, indlela elijongana ngayo, nendlela abemi abanokufikelela ngayo kulo, utshintsha ukusuka kumbukeli ube ngumdlali. Enoba uselula okanye umdala, ungophili-manani, odla ngezantlukwano, okanye okhululekileyo, idolophu okanye imimandla yakho.

Ukuganana kwe-bic kungubomi be-lipha. Ileta nganye ebhaliweyo, yonke ivoti, yonke intlanganiso ekhoyo iqinisa inkqubo. Qala namhlanje ngokuhlola omnye woovimba abadityanisiweyo kweli nqaku. USUSA.gov ukucaciswa kwamasebe[ linqaku elifanelekileyo. Ngoko thatha inyathelo elilandelayo. "ccm' ummeli wakho, gqabaza ngomthetho, okanye ubonise kulwazi lwenkundla. Amasebe karhulumente asisicatshulwa sakho.