Table of Contents
Ukuqonda Imali Yephulo Nempembelelo Yalo Kulawulo - melo
Imali yenkamzazo ibandakanya ukuxhaswa kwamaphulo ezobupolitika kwaye idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekulungiseni ummandla wezobupolitika kulo lonke iqondo lorhulumente. Ukusuka kwiqela lesikolo sasekuhlaleni ukuya kunyulo lomongameli, imali ephuma kumaphulo eenkonzo zobupolitika imisela ukuba ngawaphi amazwi aviweyo, yiyiphi imiba efunyanwayo, yaye ekugqibeleni, yiyiphi imigaqo emele ibe ngumthetho. Ukuqonda indlela iphulo lezemali elisebenza ngayo kwaye kutheni nangumbandela oyimfuneko kummi ngamnye ofuna ukuba nenxaxheba kwinkqubo yethu yedemokhrasi.
Indlela amaphulo ezobupolitika axhaswa ngayo ngemali ichaphazela indlela abaza kuthabatha inxaxheba ngayo ekunxibelelaneni nabavoti, abafumana imiyalezo, nendlela esekwa ngayo imigaqo-nkqubo yangaphambili xa kunyulwa amagosa. Xa uqonda ukuba ngabalungiseleli bemali yezephulo, ufumana ukuqonda ngemikhosi elawula izigqibo zezobupolitika ezichaphazela ubomi bakho bemihla ngemihla . Ukusuka kumgangatho wezikolo zakho zasekuhlaleni ukuya kwimeko yeendlela zakho, ukusuka kwinkqubo yonyango ukuya kwimimiselo yemeko yemekobume yemekobume yemekobume.
Ukubonakala kwemali kwephulo kunceda abavoti benze izigqibo ezithe ngqo kwaye bakhuthaze ukubekwa ityala kwezobupolitika. Ngokulandela le mali, abemi banokuqonda kakuhle ukuba ngubani oxhasa abo bathathi-nxaxheba kunye noko banomdla kuko okusenokuba yiziphumo ezithile zenkqubo ethile. Olu lwazi lunika abavoti amandla okubuza imibuzo efuna ukucingisiswa nokufuna ukuba abameli babo abanyuliweyo bakhonze umdla woluntu kunokuba bakhonze izilangazelelo ezikhethekileyo.
Isiseko Semali Yephulo
Oko Kubangela Imali
Inkcitho yezehlo iquka yonke imali ephakanyisweyo nechithwe yimpembelelo yonyulo kunye neziphumo zobupolitika. Oku kuquka iminikelo ethe ngqo kubanyuli, ukuchithwa kwamaqela ezobupolitika, iinkcitho ezizimeleyo zivela ngaphandle kwamaqela, kunye nokukhutshwa kwemali enokuthi ingaxhaswa okanye ichaswe. Imithombo yenkxaso yezehlo yamazwe yahlukahlukene, iquka abantu abanikela ngenkxaso yehlabathi ngokweemali ezincinane nabasebenzi, ukusuka kwimibutho yemibutho yezopolitiko, nakwiikomiti zezoshishino zenkcube ezixhasa imigudu yePaCs ezikhulu ezinokunyusa iimali ezingenasiphelo.
Amaphulo ezobupolitika afuna ubuncwane obuninzi bemali ukuze asebenze ngokunempumelelo. Abasebenzi bafuna imali yokuqesha abasebenzi, ukuqesha indawo yeofisi, ukuqhuba uphando, ukuvelisa izibhengezo, ukulungiselela iziganeko, nokunxibelelana nabavoti ngomjelo wamajelo eendaba ahlukahlukeneyo. Kunyulo lwangoku, izibhengezo zemichiza, ugcino-lwazi, kunye neenkqubo zokuvota ezincumisa ezithengwayo ziye zabaluleke ngakumbi, kwaye zixabisa kakhulu ($/iiindawo ezixabisa imali eninzi) yamaphulo okhuphiswano.
Isakhiwo solawulo
Imali yenkamfa eUnited States isebenza phantsi kwemimiselo entsonkothileyo karhulumente, karhulumente, kunye neyasekuhlaleni eyenzelwe ukukhuthaza ukubonakala, ukukhusela ukonakala, nokulinganisela impembelelo yemali kwezobupolitika. Kumgangatho wesizwe, iKhomishini yoNxulumaniso yezemali ijonge imigaqo yezemali yezemali, ifuna ukutyhilwa kweminikelo nenkcitho, imisela imiqathango yomnikelo kubantu ngabanye nemibutho, kwaye iqinisekisa ukuthotyelelwa kwemithetho yonyulo.
Urhulumente kunye nolawulo lwasekuhlaleni lusoloko lunemimiselo yezemali eninzi okanye engaphantsi kwemithetho karhulumente. Amanye amaphondo aye asebenzisa iinkqubo zenkxaso-mali kawonke-wonke kwiiofisi ezithile, ngoxa amanye anemiqathango engqongqo yokunikela okanye iimfuno zokutyhila okubanzi. Ukuqonda imithetho engqalileyo esetyenziswa kummandla wakho kubalulekile ekuhloleni indlela imali eyichaphazela ngayo imekobume yezobupolitika yasekuhlaleni.
Ulawulo lwezibonelelo luye lwatshintsha ngokuphawulekayo ngexesha, lubunjwe zisigqibo senkundla yeziganeko zembali, iinguqu zowiso-mthetho, kunye nokutshintsha iimpembelelo zobupolitika. Isigqibo seNkundla ePhakamileyo esinjenge iSinyusi seKhomishini yoNqumo yeNtshona Koloni [Umanyano lweNtlanganiso] ngokubhekiselele phambili [ ngokusisiseko iye yaguqula inkqubo yemali yezemali yezemali ngokuvumela inkcitho ezizimeleyo ezingekho mthethweni, ezikhokelela ekunyusweni kwe-PACs kunye namaqela emnyama enokuthi achithe iimali ezingenakuphekwanelwa ekuphembeleleni unyulo ngaphandle kokuzidibanisa ngqo nabaquququzeleli.
Ukubaluleka Kokubonisa Imali Ngolungelelwano Nokunganyaniseki Kwephulo
Iphulo lemali elifanelekileyo nelicace gca liqinisekisa ukuba abo baza kubhaptizwa banokukhuphisana kumgangatho wokudlala, apho iingcamango neemfaneleko zibaluleke ngaphezu kokufikelela kwizityebi ezinikela ngenkxaso-mali. Xa inkqubo yeli phulo isebenza kakuhle, ivumela amazwi ahlukeneyo ukuba abe nenxaxheba kwintetho yezobupolitika kwaye inika abavoti ukhetho lokwenyaniso phakathi kwabathathi-nxaxheba abamele iimbono nezinto eziphambili ezahlukeneyo.
Xa ithe yanekwa okanye ingachazwa, isenokukhokelela kwimpembelelo engafanelekanga ngezilangazelelo ezikhethekileyo okanye izityebi ezisenokungavumelani nenkxalabo yoluntu ngokubanzi. Oku kunokuchaphazela izigqibo zenkqubo kwaye kunciphise ukuthembana kwabantu kwimibutho karhulumente. Abahlali abakholelwa ukuba amagosa anyuliweyo asabela ngakumbi kubantu abatyebileyo kunabantu abaqhelekileyo abanokungalufuni ulawulo-melo kwaye basenokuhluthwa kwinkqubo yezobupolitika.
Isisongelo Sorhwaphilizo Nempembelelo Engafanelekanga
Enye yezona zinto ziphambili zixhalabisayo ngemali yephulo kukunganyaniseki okanye ukubonakala kwenkohlakalo. Xa abatshate bethembele kakhulu kwiminikelo emikhulu evela kwinani elincinane labanikeli, kukho ubungozi bokuba baza kuvakalelwa kukuba banyanzelekile kwabo banikeleyo bakha basebenza eofisini. Oku kunokubonakala njengokufikelela ngezantsi (abangeni beentlanganiso kunye namathuba okwenza imeko yabo yokuba abemi abaqhelekileyo bangamkeli ngezantsi okanye njengeziphumo zokwenene ezibangela ukuba umnikeli athakazelelwa zimdla ngaphezu koncedo lukawonke-wonke.
Kwanaxa kungekho ngxelo icacileyo, ukuxhomekeka kwabo banikela ngeminikelo emikhulu kungayiguqula ngendlela echuliweyo amagosa anyuliweyo acinga ngayo ngemibandela aze abeke izinto eziza kuqala. Abathathi-nxaxheba bangakuphepha ukuthatha izikhundla eziya kushenxisa abarhwebi abakhulu, okanye basenokuchitha ixesha elininzi kwimicimbi ebandakanya abaxhasi babo bezemali. Oku kungayiphelisa imicimbi yezopolitiko kwimicimbi yezopolitiko kubemi abaqhelekileyo abangenazo iminikelo engakumbi.
Izithintelo Zokuba Nenxaxheba Kwezobupolitika
Ukunyuka kwexabiso lamaphulo anamhlanje kubangela imiqobo ebalulekileyo kwinxaxheba kwezobupolitika, kubantu abaza kufumana inxaxheba kunye nakubemi. Abantu abanokukwazi ukukhonza abantu abahlala apho ngokunempumelelo basenokukhetha ukungasebenzisi isikhundla ngenxa yokungafumani kwabo iinkonzo ezisisityebi okanye abafuni kuchitha iiyure ezininzi beqokelela ingxoxwa-mali. Oku kunciphisa idipozithi kwaye kusenokungangenisi magama neembono eziya kwenza kube negalelo kwingxoxo yezobupolitika.
Kubemi abaqhelekileyo, ukulawulwa kwemali eninzi kwezobupolitika kungadala ingqiqo yokuba ukuba nenxaxheba kwabo akuyonto ibalulekileyo. Xa izibhengezo zezobupolitika zigcwalisa izibhengezo ngezigidi zezigidi zeerandi ezivela kumaqela angaphandle, umntu ngamnye ovotayo usenokuvakalelwa kukuba ivoti yakhe enye okanye igalelo elincinane alisebenzi. Le ngcamango iyakujongela phantsi ukubhalisa kwezentlalo-ntle kwaye isenokukhokelela ekurhoxeni kwevoti kwaye inciphise ukuba nenxaxheba kwezinye iintlobo zomsebenzi wezobupolitika.
Ixabiso le-Discim kunye nokubonakala ngaphaya
Ukubonisa ngaphaya kwemali yephulo kusebenza njengendlela yokuhlola ukuqhatha nokuphembeleka okungeyomfuneko. Xa abavoti bebona ukuba ngubani oxhasa amaphulo ezobupolitika, bangenza izigqibo ezithe ngqo ngabaza kubhaptizwa kunye nezinto ezisenokuba ziphambili kubo. Iimfuno zokufumana inkxaso-mali zivumela iintatheli, amaqela eenja, kunye nabemi abaxhalabileyo ukuba balandele imali baze baphawule iingxubangxube zomdla okanye malunga neempembelelo.
Noko ke, inkqubo yangoku inezithuba ezingundoqo ekucaceni. Oku kungabikho kwemali ecacileyo "kwi-lize" amaqela---amaqela , kwaye angenangeniso ebandakanyeka ekuchitheni kwezobupolitika ngaphandle kokuzichasa abanikeli babo ./amaqela ayakwazi ukuchitha iimali ezingenamda kwimijikelo yonyulo yakutshanje ukuphembelela unyulo ngeli lixa egcina abavoti bekwindawo emnyama ukuba ngubani ngokwenene oxhasa imisebenzi yabo. Oku kungabikho kokuzicacele okuncitshiswa kobutyala kwaye kwenza kube nzima kubemi ukuvavanya imithombo yokwenene yemiyalezo yezobupolitika abadibana nayo.
Indlela Imali Yephulo Eluchaphazela Ngayo Uluntu Lwakho
Iphulo lenkcitho liphembelela ngqo inkqubo yasekuhlaleni kunye nophuhliso loluntu ngeendlela ezichaphazela ubomi bakho bemihla ngemihla. Imithombo yemali yabathathi-nxaxheba basekuhlaleni ingabumba izinto eziza kuqala kwimibandela esukela kwimfundo nenkqubela-phambili ukuya kwimali yemfundo, ukhuseleko lukawonke-wonke, ukhuseleko lwemekobume, kunye neenkonzo zentlalo. Ukuqonda olu nxulumano kukunceda ukuba uvavanye ngokuqatha ngakumbi abo umele ungenelele ngokunempumelelo kwiimfuno zoluntu lwakho.
Uphuhliso Lwasekuhlaleni Nelizwe Lisebenzisa Izigqibo
Abathathi-nxaxheba abafumana inkxaso-mali ephawulekayo kubenzi bezakhiwo, iinkampani zokwakha, okanye izilangazelelo zoshishino zeshishini bangayibeka kwindawo yokuqala imisebenzi eyingenelo kubenzi bomsebenzi abanikelayo, kwanaxa loo misebenzi iphakamisa inkxalabo phakathi kwabemi ngeenqwelo-mafutha, impembelelo yemekobume, okanye inkxalabo yoluntu. Izigqibo zasekuhlaleni, imvume yeeprojekthi zokuphuhlisa izakhiwo ezinkulu, kunye nophuhliso-mali olunenkxaso-mali lungaphenjelelwa lunxulumano lwemali phakathi kwamagosa anyuliweyo kunye nezilangazelelo zophuhliso.
Oku akuthethi ukuba zonke imigaqo-nkqubo yobuhlobo yophuhliso yonakele okanye iyaphikisana nomdla woluntu. Inkqubela-phambili yezoqoqosho ingazisa imisebenzi, ingeniso yerhafu, kunye nokuphucula imicimbi yophuhliso kubantu. Noko ke, xa izigqibo zenkqubela-phambili zenziwe ngaphandle komgaqo-nkqubo ofanelekileyo kawonke-wonke okanye zibonakala zixhasa ngokuqhubekayo izilangazelelo zabanikeli bephulo ngenxa yenkxalabo yoluntu, iphakamisa imibuzo esemthethweni malunga nokuba ngoobani abaphi na abanomdla ngokwenene abafumanekayo.
Umgaqo-nkqubo wezemfundo kunye neNkxaso yeZikolo
Iphulo lokuseka igalelo kumalungu equmrhu lesikolo, abaququzeleli bemithetho-siseko, kunye namanye amagosa aphembelela inkqubo yemfundo anokuchaphazela izigqibo eziphathelele ukuxhaswa kwemali yesikolo, uqeqesho, imbuyiselo yomfundisi- ntsapho, izikolo zomgaqo-siseko, kunye namanyathelo okuguqula imfundo. Abaxhasi abahlukeneyo kwimibutho yemfundo, abaxhasi bezikolo, abaxhasi bemithetho, iinkampani zokuvavanya, kunye namashishini obugcisa bemfundo, bazama ukuphembelela inkqubo ngemirhumo yemirhumo kunye nenkcitho ezimeleyo.
Abazali namalungu oluntu anomdla kumgangatho wemfundo afanele anikele ingqalelo kumntu oxhasa iintlanganiso zemfundo kunye namaphulo omthetho karhulumente. Ukuqonda olu lwalamano lwemali kunganikela ukuqonda isizathu sokuba imigaqo ethile yemfundo ibekwe kwindawo yokuqala kwaye kukunceda uvavanye enoba amagosa anyuliweyo enza izigqibo ezisekelwe kuphando lwemfundo nakubafundi okanye kukhetho lwabaxhasi bawo bemali.
Ukhuseleko Loluntu Nobulungisa Bezaphuli - mthetho
Imali yenkcitho yelifa lemveli idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekulolongeni iinkqubo zokhuseleko lukawonke-wonke nezezolwaphulo-mthetho. Amaqumrhu amapolisa adla ngokunikela ngokungqongqo kubagcinwna-gosa, ibhunga lesixeko, igqwetha lesithili, nezinye ii-ofisi eziphembelela ukugcinwa komthetho. Iinkampani zentolongo zobucala namaqela asebenza ngebheyile ancedisa ekukhuthazweni nasekukhuthazeni imigudu yokulawula inkqubo yolwaphulo-mthetho kumgangatho wesizwe.
Olu lwalamano lwemali lungachaphazela imigaqo-nkqubo yokuziphendulela kwamapolisa, utshintsho lomthetho wolwaphulo-mthetho, utshintsho lwebheyile, imigaqo egwebayo, kunye nokuvalelwa. Ibutho labantu elifuna ukuguqula iinkqubo zalo zobulungisa zolwaphulo-mthetho okanye ukuphucula unxulumano lwamapolisa kufuneka liqonde indlela inkxaso yezezimali enokuthi ikwenze ngayo ukuchasa okanye ijike izinto eziphambili zabatshutshisi abanyuliweyo namanye amagosa.
Ukhuseleko Lokusingqongileyo nempilo Kawonke - wonke
Imigaqo-nkqubo yemekobume neyoluntu yasekuhlaleni kunye neyobunjani bomoya, ulawulo lwenkunkuma, ulawulo longcoliso, kunye nezenzo zemozulu .
Kwangaxeshanye, amaqela akhuthaza ukukhutshwa kwemeko-bume kunye neenkampani ezicocayo zamandla akwabandakanyeka kwimisebenzi yezemali exhaswe ukuxhasa abo bamisela ukukhuselwa kwemekobume nemozulu. Ukuqonda ezi mpembelelo zemali zikhuphisanayo kunceda abemi balunyulwe bavavanye iingxoxo zemigaqo-nkqubo yemeko-bume baze baphendule amagosa anyuliweyo ngezigqibo zawo ezichaphazela impilo yoluntu nomgangatho wemekobume.
Ulawulo kunye neeNkonzo zikaRhulumente
Izigqibo ezimalunga nokuveliswa kwemali ezizizibonelelo zesiseko semali ngezantsi kubandakanya iindlela, iibhulorho, izinto zokuthutha abantu, iindlela zamanzi, iipaki, kunye nezakhiwo zikawonke-wonke, zinokuphenjelelwa yiminikelo yephulo elivela kwizindlu, kwiinkampani zobunjineli, kwiinkampani zokwakha, namanye amashishini angenelwayo kwimisebenzi kawonke-wonke. Nangona ukuveliswa kwengqayi yezentlalo kubalulekile ukuze uluntu lube ngcono, inkqubo yokugqiba ukuba ziziphi iinkqubo zokubeka izakhiwo zolawulo kunye neziphi izakhiwo zokuqesha ukuba zisetyenziswe kufuneka zibonakale kwaye zisekelwe kwiimfuno zentlalo-ntle kunokuba zisekelwe kwikhethe lezobupolitika.
Ngokufanayo, izigqibo ezimalunga neenkonzo zikawonke-wonke `iithala leencwadi, iinkqubo zokuzonwabisa, iinkonzo zoluntu, kunye neenkqubo zempilo yoluntu ezinokubonakaliswa kuqala ngenxa yolwalamano lwezemali olunephulo. Imimandla ezimisele ukubotshwa kwezemali yezentlalo nezokhuthazo ezinamandla zezemali ibekwe kakuhle ukuqinisekisa ukuba izibonelelo nezigqibo zenkonzo zibonisa iimfuno zokwenyaniso zikawonke wonke kunokuba zibonise izilangazelelo zabanikeli bezopolitiko.
Impembelelo yeSizwe Yemali Yephulo
Ngoxa amaphulo emali asekuhlaleni echaphazela uluntu, inkqubo yezemali yesizwe ibumba iinkqubo zikarhulumente ezichaphazela zonke iinkalo zobomi baseMerika. Ukuqonda indlela imali ephembelela ngayo unyulo nokwenziwa kwemigaqo kukunceda unxibelelanise amachaphaza phakathi kwemirhumo yemirhumo kunye neziphumo zenkqubo kwimibandela esukela kwinkcitho yempilo ukuya kwirhafu, ukusuka kwimithetho yemali ukuya kumgaqo wangaphandle.
Umgaqo-nkqubo wezonyango
Ishishini lonyango eliquka iinkampani zamayeza, iinkampani zeinshorensi, izibhedlele, kunye namaqela oogqirha, zenye yezona zinto zikhulu eziye zanikelwa kwiphulo kumgangatho wezwe lorhulumente. Le minikelo iphembelela iingxoxo ngokuphuculwa kwempilo, ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi, umgaqo we-inshorensi, inkqubo yeMedicare neMedicaid, kunye neminye imibandela emininzi echaphazela ixabiso nomgangatho wempilo kwizigidi zabantu baseMedo.
Ngokulandela imali ekujoliswe kuyo inkqubo yezonyango, kutyhilwa isizathu sokuba izindululo ezithile zotshintsho zifumaneke ngoxa abanye bezama, isizathu sokuba umthetho wokusebenzisa iziyobisi uncitshiswe, nesizathu sokuba izilangazelelo zeenkampani zezonyango maxa wambi zibonakale ziphambili kuneemfuno zomonde. Ingingqi efuna ukuxhasa utshintsho lwezempilo ifanele iziqonde ezi ngxaki zemali nezixhasa abaguli abaphambili kwiinzuzo zeshishini.
Ulungiso lwezemali nomgaqo-nkqubo wezoqoqosho
Ishishini leenkonzo zemali linegalelo elikhulu ekuphembeleleni ulawulo lwebhanki, umthetho wokungasikelelwa kwemali, ukukhusela abathengi, neminye imigaqo-nkqubo yezoqoqosho. Iinkampani zeWall Street, iibhanki, iinkampani zamakhadi okuthenga ngetyala, namanye amaziko emali achitha imali eninzi kakhulu kumaphulo nokukhuthaza ukubunjwa kwemekobume abasebenza kuyo.
Olu lwalamano lwemali lunceda ukucacisa isizathu sokuba imigudu yokulungisa imali isoloko ijongene nemiqobo ebalulekileyo, isizathu sokuba amanyathelo okukhusela abathengi angabi namandla, nesizathu sokuba izilangazelelo zemali ezinkulu maxa wambi zibonakale zingaphezulu lee kuneenjongo zabathengi abaqhelekileyo namashishini amancinane. Ukuqonda inkxaso yemali ngokwemeko yenkqubo yezoqoqosho kunceda abemi basekuhlaleni bahlolisise enoba amagosa anyuliweyo asebenzela ukwenza inkqubo elungileyo nezinzileyo yemali okanye akhusela izilangazelelo zabani babo beWall Street.
Umgaqo-nkqubo wemozulu noMmandla
Iinkampani zamandla `iquka abavelisi be-oyile negesi, iinkampani zamalahle, izinto zokuphelisa amandla, kunye neefektha zezixhobo ezinokuhlaziywa', zinegalelo kwimali yephulo, kumalungu axhasa iinkqubo ezithandwayo zamandla. Ishishini le-astyrafic ze-oyile linegalelo kakhulu ngokwembali kubachasi bemozulu kunye nomthetho wokusingqongileyo, ngoxa iinkampani ezicocekileyo zixhasa ngamandla anokuhlaziywa ngokungakumbi naleyo imo yemozulu.
Ezi njongo zikhuphisanayo zemali zibumba iimpikiswano zesizwe ngokutshintsha kwemozulu, inkqubo yombane, umgaqo-nkqubo wokusingqongileyo, kunye nokuguqukela kumandla acocekileyo. Ingingqi ezixhalabele ukutshintsha kwemozulu nokukhuselwa kwemekobume kufuneka zinikele ingqalelo kwimisebenzi yezentengiselwano yemali yeshishini lamandla kwaye zixhase abo bajolise phambili kwinkqubela yemozulu kwiingeniso zemveliso yepetrofiki.
Umgaqo-nkqubo Werhafu
Iminikelo echaphazela ukuncitshiswa kwerhafu, ukuhlawulwa kwerhafu, ukuhlawulwa kwemali, ukukhutshwa kwerhafu, ukuhlaliswa kwerhafu, ukusetyenziswa kwerhafu. Imithetho yerhafu intsonkothile kakhulu, kwaye uninzi lwamalungiselelo ayo anceda amashishini athile okanye abantu abazizityebi abanobuchule bokufuna ukuncedwa.
Ukuqonda ukunxibelelana kweminikelo yezephulo kunye nemigaqo yerhafu kunceda kucacise isizathu sokuba kunzima kangaka ukuhlaziywa kwerhafu, kutheni ukuhlahlela irhafu kuqhubeka phezu kwayo nje inkqubo ethandabuzekayo yokuthethelela, nesizathu sokuba umthwalo werhafu wabelwe ngendlela eyiyo. Izakhamuzi ezifuna inkqubo yerhafu elungeleleneyo zimele zixhase iphulo lezemali elihlaziywayo kunye nabathathi-nxaxheba ababeka ingqalelo esesikweni kwinkcitho yerhafu ngenxa yezityebi.
Iindlela Zokuhlala Usazi Ngemali Yephulo
Ukuhlala wazi ngemali yephulo kufuna ukuganana okusebenzayo nokuvuma ukumba inkcazelo ekhoyo ekuhleni. Ngoxa le nkqubo isenokubonakala intsonkothile yaye imfiliba, kukho izinto ezininzi ezifumanekayo zokunceda abemi balapho balandele imali baze baqonde ukuba ngubani oxhasa amaphulo ezobupolitika kwiindawo abahlala kuzo nakulo lonke ilizwe.
Landela Iingxelo Zemali Zephulo Nezibonelelo
Kufunwa ukuba iingxelo ezithe rhoqo kunye neekomiti zezobupolitika zifakwe kwiKhomishoni yoNhlolo-nkqubo neMibutho yoManyano ichaza iminikelo neenkcitho zayo. Ezi ngxelo zifumaneka ekuhleni ngewebhsayithi ye-FEC [, apho ungakhangela khona ulwazi malunga nabathathi-nxaxheba abathile, iikomiti, nabanikeli. Iingxelo zinika iinkcukacha malunga nokuba ngubani onegalelo kumaphulo, zingaphi na, nendlela awasebenzisa ngayo amajelo abo.
Urhulumente kunye nabachongi basekuhlaleni bafaka iingxelo ezifanayo nabaphathi bonyulo. Amazwe amaninzi anee-intanethi apho ungaphendla khona ulwazi lwezemali lwesizwe nezizwe zasekuhlaleni. Ukufunda ukukhangela ezi zixhobo zogcino-lwazi kuthatha umgudu othile, kodwa bubuchule obubalulekileyo kubemi abafuna ukuqonda amandla emali alawula imeko yabo yezobupolitika.
Imibutho emininzi engafaki ngeniso idityaniswe kwaye ihlalutya inkxaso-mali yezemali yephulo ukuze ifikeleleke ngakumbi kuluntu ngokubanzi. IZiko leResponsive Politics (Opensets.org) linikela iinkcukacha ezibanzi ngemali yeli phulo lephondo, kuquka ii-database ezisekufunyanisweni, uhlalutyo lweminikelo yeshishini, kunye nokulandelela inkcitho yemirhumo. Landelani i-Mali.org inikela ingqalelo kwimali yemali yephondo, inikela iinkcukacha ezineenkcukacha ngeminikelo kunye nenkcitho yemali karhulumente kwimibango yephondo lonke elo lizwe.
Ukuhambelana neMidlalo yeNkcubeko
Iintlanganiso zemidlalo neengxoxo zinika amathuba okuva ngokuthe ngqo kubantu abaza kufunda ngeemeko zabo kwimicimbi yephulo nakwiindlela abaya kuzo kwimali yamaphulo. Ii-ofisi ezininzi ziquka imibuzo ephathelele imithombo yenkxaso-mali nanokuba abaza kuthabatha inkxaso kwizemali ekhoyo. Ukuya kwezi ziganeko kukunceda ukuba uxilongwe abantu abaza kuba ngabaxhasi bemali kunye nemicimbi ephambili.
Xa usiya kumaqumrhu okuthelekelela, musa ukuthandabuza imibuzo ethile ngemali yephulo. Buza abanikezeli abangoobani, nokuba bamkela iminikelo evela kushishino oluthile okanye kumaqela enzala, nokuba baxhasa iinguqu ezithile zezemali. Iimpendulo zeCandidete ziphendula./okanye amathandabuzo abo ukuphendula.---------o
Abathathi-nxaxheba ababonisa ngaphaya kokucaca baxhasa amaqela ajongileyo
Imibutho emininzi engafumani ngeniso isebenzela ukukhuthaza iphulo lezemali elibonisa ukuba bhetele kunye nokulungisa. La maqela ajongileyo ajonga imisebenzi yezemali, aqhuba uphando nohlalutyo, axhasa utshintsho lwezopolitiko, afundisa uluntu ngemali kwezobupolitika. Ukuxhasa le mibutho (______ngeminikelo, ngeminikelo, okanye ngokusebenza ngokuzithandela, okanye ngokusuka nje abelane ngeziphumo zayo.) iinkonzo zokomeleza ukuphendula kwemiba yemali egcina imicimbi yezemali kubantu bonke.
Imibutho yesizwe efana neCommon Cause, Public Citizen, neCampaign Legal Center isebenza ekuguquleni inkxaso-mali kwiphondo. Amaphondo amaninzi anamaqela karhulumente alungileyo agxininisa kwimiba yezemali yephondo neyoluntu. Le mibutho isoloko inika abemi abafuna ukuqonda inkxaso-mali yezempempela kummandla wabo kwaye ixhasa utshintsho.
Ukubandakanyeka Kwimibutho Yoluntu Kujoliswe Kwityala Lezobupolitika
Imibutho emininzi yezemali nezopolitiko iquka umsebenzi wayo omkhulu kwimibandela enjengemfundo, imekobume, ukunyamekela impilo, okanye ukuphatha kakuhle kwezoqoqosho. Ukusebenzisa le mibutho kunika amathuba okufunda ngemali yephulo ngokwemeko yemiba ethile yemigaqo-nkqubo nokusebenza kunye ukuze kucace ngakumbi kwaye kuphendulwe ityala.
Izahluko zemibutho yesizwe, amaqela eengcakazo, kunye nemibutho elungelelanisiweyo yezemali enxulumene nomsebenzi wayo inokukunceda uqonde indlela impembelelo yemali enxulumene ngayo neengxoxo zemali kummandla wakho. Ukuthabatha inxaxheba kule mibutho kukudibanisa nabanye abemi abatshayelela ulawulo lwezi inguqulelo.
Funda Ukuphanda Ngejelo
Intatheli eziphandayo zinendima ebalulekileyo ekubhencani ukusetyenziswa kakubi kwemali yephulo, ukulandelela impembelelo yemali kwezobupolitika, nokuphakamisa amagosa anyuliweyo ukuba aphendule. Emva komsebenzi weentatheli neentlangano ze-arhente ezibeka phambili kwintlawulo yezemali ezinceda uhlale wazi ngenkqubela-phambili kwaye uqonde impembelelo yokwenene yehlabathi yemali yezophulo kwimigaqo-nkqubo nakulawulo.
Imibutho emininzi yeendaba inabachopheli beendaba abanobuchule kwizemali yezemali yezemfazwe nezobupolitika. IPublica, iZiko loLuntu loLuntu, kunye neminye imibutho engafumani ngeniso yamajelo eendaba evelisa ingxelo ekhawulezileyo yemali kwezobupolitika. Ukuxhasa ugcino-lwazi olusemgangathweni olunexabiso / ngokuqesha, ngeminikelo, okanye ngokufunda nje, okanye ukwabelana amabali abalulekileyo . //inkxaso-mali zemali ziqinisekisa ukuba iingxelo zemali zezephulo zifumana uvavanyo oluzifanele.
Ukuthabatha Inyathelo: Oko Unokukwenza
Ukuqonda inkxaso-mali yephulo kubalulekile, kodwa ulwazi kuphela alwenzi tshintsho. Izakhamuzi ezifuna ukunciphisa impembelelo yemali kwezobupolitika nokukhuthaza ukuba kubekho ukubonakala nokuphendula kombuzo wazo kufuneka zithathe inyathelo kuluntu lwazo nakulo lonke umgangatho worhulumente.
Ukuxhasa Iphulo Lokuguqula Imali
Iphulo lezenkcitho lineentlobo ezininzi, ukusuka kwimiqathango engqongqo yokubonelela ngeemfuno zokongezelelwa kwemali, ukususela kwiinkqubo zezemali zikawonke-wonke ukuya ekuhlengahlengisweni komgaqo-siseko wokubhukuqa izigqibo zenkundla eziye zadodobala iphulo lezemali. Zifundise ngezicelo ezahlukeneyo zeenguqu uze uxhase ezo ukholelwa ukuba zingenza inkqubo ibe nemilinganiselo entle necacileyo ngakumbi.
Amaphondo amaninzi kunye nemimandla iye yasungula iphulo lotshintsho lwezemali, kuquka iinkqubo zemali ezincinane ezixhasa uluntu, imiqathango ephantsi, iimfuno zokutyhila ezomeleleyo, kunye nemiqathango kwiintlobo ezithile zemali yezopolitiko. Olu tshintsho lubonisa ukuba utshintsho lunokwenzeka xa abemi belungelelanisa kwaye befuna. Ukuxhasa utshintsho olufanayo kuluntu lwakho okanye kurhulumente kunganceda ekunciphiseni impembelelo enkulu yemali kwezobupolitika zasekuhlaleni.
Ukukhuthaza Abamele Batshintshe
Enye yezona ndlela zingqalileyo zokukhuthaza iphulo lezemali kukuxhasa abo bazimisele ukulisebenzisa. Buza abo baza kubhaptizwa ngezikhundla zabo kwimicimbi yezemali, uhlolisise indlela abasebenzisa ngayo imali, uze uvote abo babonisa ukuzinikela kwabo kokwenene ekunciphiseni impembelelo yemali kwezobupolitika.
Abanye abatshate bamisela ulwamkelo lwabo lohlobo oluthile lweminikelo, ukugatya imali yenkampani, okanye ukunikela ekuxhaseni utshintsho oluthile ukuba lunyulwe. Olu phawu lomqondiso womntu oza kuqala kwaye lungakunceda ukuba uqonde abo bazimiseleyo ngotshintsho. Kakade ke, iindawo zemali yesehlo kufuneka ziqwalaselwe ngokwezimo zabahlolo kweminye imibandela ebalulekileyo, kodwa banika ukuqonda okubalulekileyo kumaxabiso nezinto eziphambili zomntu oza kubhaptizwa.
Yenza Ilizwi Lakho Liveke
Xelela abameli bakho abanyuliweyo ukuze bachaze iimbono zakho kwimiba yezemali. Baxelele ukuba uyakukhathalela ukubonakala nokuziphendulela nokuba uxhasa utshintsho oluthile. Amagosa ajolise ingqalelo kunxibelelwano oluziintlobo, ingakumbi xa eva kwii-aces ezininzi kulo mbandela mnye.
Ukuba nenxaxheba kumagqabaza kawonke-wonke xa kuqwalaselwa okanye kuhlaziywa imimiselo yezemali yephulo. Yiya kwiintlanganiso zebhunga lesixeko, iintlanganiso zelifa lephondo, okanye iintlanganiso zelifa lephondo ezithetha ngemicimbi yezemali yephondo apho kuxutyushwa khona iphulo lezemali.
Igalelo Kwizinto Ezithe Tye Nenza Ukholelwe Kuzo
Ngelixa kusenokubonakala kudida, ukuba nenxaxheba kwinkqubo yezemali yephulo ngokwenza iminikelo kwabathenjiweyo kwaye kukuxhasa kuluhlobo olubalulekileyo lokudityaniswa kwezobupolitika. Iminikelo yelanga emincinane evela kubantu abaninzi abanikelayo inganceda abathathi-nxaxheba bakhuphisane nabo baxhomekeke kwiminikelo emikhulu evela kwizityebi okanye kwimali esetyenziswa ngaphandle kwi-PACs enkulu.
Unyuko lwe-intanethi lwemirhumo yemali ye-Rondes yenza kube lula ukuba abatshayeli bafumane iprojekti yokuxhasa ingca exhomekeke kwiminikelo emincinci evela kumanani amakhulu abaxhasi. Xa unikela kwabathathi-nxaxheba kumaxabiso akho, okanye ukuba uyakwazi ukuhlawula imali encinane kuphela, unceda ubonise ukuba kunokwenzeka ukuqhuba amaphulo okukhuphisana ngaphandle kokuthembela kwimali enkulu.
Fundisa Abanye
Abantu abaninzi abayazi indlela esebenza ngayo iphulo lemali okanye indlela elichaphazela ngayo imigaqo - siseko.
Sebenzisa amajelo eendaba ancedisana ngenkxaso-mali yephulo lezemali, uphando, kunye nohlalutyo oluvela kumaqela ajongileyo. Xa udibana nezibhengezo ezilahlekisayo zezobupolitika okanye urhanela ukuba imali engachazwanga iphembelela iphulo, thetha uze ukhuthaze abanye ukuba bakhangele nzulu. Ukwakha unyulo oluthe kratya kuyimfuneko ekudaleni utshintsho olunentsingiselo lwezobupolitika.
Ikamva Lemali Yephulo
Ukuqondwa kwemeko yamazwe akhoyo nokuvela kwemibandela kukunceda ukhangele phambili kwiingxaki zekamva namathuba okutshintsha.
Izibhengezo zamanani kunye nokuchanabeka koomatshini abancinane
Ukutshintsha kwemiba yezosasazo zemveli ukuya kwizibhengezo zezentengiso zezemali nezezopolitiko. Amaqonga e-Digital avumela amaphulo okujolisa abathile abavoti ngemiyalezo esekelwe kwinkcukacha ezingokwesiko malunga noluntu lwabo, izilangazelelo, kunye nendlela yokuziphatha kwe-intanethi. Oku kusetyenziswa kwemichiza kuphakamisa imibuzo emitsha ngokuvela kwemiboniso, njengoko izibhengezo zamanani zinokuboniswa kubantu abaxineneyo ngaphandle kokuba babonwe ngabantu ngokubanzi.
Amacandelo eenkqubo zoluntu aziba ngamajelo aphambili okubhengeza kwezobupolitika, kodwa iimfuno zawo kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo echaziwe ziyahluka kwaye zisemcimbini wengxoxo eqhubekayo. Amanye amaqonga aye avelisa oovimba bezobupolitika abavumela uluntu ukuba lubone ukuba ngubani ohlawula izibhengezo kunye nomntu olujolise kuye, kodwa ezi zixhobo zidla ngokuba zingezonodiyo okanye kunzima ukuzisebenzisa. Abameli bokufumana izibhengezo ezicacileyo bayaqhubeka benyanzela ukuba bafumane iimfuno ezinamandla zentengiso zezobupolitika.
Ukungxolisa Nemali Yephulo
Unyuko lokungaqiniseki lubangele ucelomngeni olutsha lomgaqo wezemali nezokubonakalisa. Ngelixesha umthetho wesizwe uvumela amaphulo okwamkela iminikelo efihlakeleyo ebekwe kwimida efanayo kwaye imfuno zokutyhila njengeminye iminikelo, ukuthengiselana ngokufihlakeleyo kwezinye iintengiso kunokwenza kube nzima ukuqinisekisa umthombo wokwenene wemali nokuqinisekisa ukuhambisana nemiqathango yomnikelo kunye nemithetho yemali yangaphandle.
Abalawuli basaxabana nendlela yokuvelela ngokunempumelelo iminikelo yokufihla imbali kwaye baqinisekise ukuba ababi yinqwelo-mafutha yemithetho yezehlo ebhadulayo. Njengoko ukuxilonga kusiba lukhulu, le mibandela iyakuba yeyokucinezela ngakumbi kwaye ifuna imimiselo ehlaziyiweyo kunye nenkqubo yokugcinwa komthetho.
Imali yokuxhasa ingxowa-mali yoomatshini abancinane
Enye intsingiselo elungileyo kwimali yephulo kukukhula kwemirhumo yerhafu exhobisa ngemirhumo encinci yemirhumo yemali ephuma kwinani elikhulu labantu abanikelayo. Ikhompyutha ibonelela ngemali encinci yeqonga kunye nezixhobo zezentlalo yenze kwaba lula ngabaza kufikelela abaxhasi nokucela iminikelo emincinane. Abanye abatsha abathathi-nxaxheba baye babonisa ukuba kunokwenzeka ukunyusa iimali ezikhuphisanayo ngokuyintloko ukusuka kwabasebenzi abancinane, ukunciphisa ukuxhomekeka kwiminikelo emikhulu nakuleyo bayisebenzisa ngaphandle.
Iinkqubo zenkxaso-mali zikawonke-wonke ezihambisana neminikelo emincinane nemali kawonke-wonke zinganyusa amandla abanikeli abancinane kwaye zikhuthaze abanikezeli ukwakha imisebenzi esekelwe kwintsebenzo ebanzi. Izixeko ezininzi namazwe angenelele iinkqubo ezingqinelanayo ezibonisa iziphumo ezithembisayo zokudibanisa iqula lomnikeli kunye nokunciphisa impembelelo yabanikeli abaninzi.
Indima Yeenkundla
Izigqibo zenkundla ziyaqhubeka zilungisa iphulo lezemali, kwaye izigqibo zexesha elizayo zingandisa okanye zivume ukuba oorhulumente bakwazi ukulawula imali kwezobupolitika. Indlela yeNkundla Ephakamileyo yokuhlasela inkxaso yemali iye yaqalisa ngokuhamba kwexesha, kunye nezigqibo ezithile ezixhasa imithetho eyimfuneko ukunqanda urhwaphilizo nezinye ezizibetha njengezokuphulwa kwamalungelo okuthetha ngokukhululekileyo.
Abameli bephulo lezemali bayaqhubeka becel ’ umngeni imiqathango yenkqubo yangoku esenkundleni nokukhusela imimiselo ekhoyo ekuchaseni ukuhlaselwa kwasemthethweni. Ukuqanjwa kweenkundla, ingakumbi iNkundla Ephakamileyo, kuya kuphembelela ngokuphawulekayo ikamva lemithetho yezemali kunye namathuba okuguqula iprojekthi.
Isizathu Sokuba Idinga Lomtshato Libe Nemibandela
Imali yephulo ingabonakala ingumbandela ongekho ngqiqweni okanye wobugcisa, kodwa ngokusisiseko ichaphazela ubunjani bolawulo lwedemokhrasi nokusabela kwamagosa anyuliweyo kwiimfuno nenkxalabo zabemi abaqhelekileyo. Xa inkqubo yezemali yephulo ilawulwa ngabanikeli abazizityebi nezilangazelelo ezikhethekileyo, iziphumo zenkqubo zibonakalisa ezona zibalulekileyo kunokuba zibonakale kwezona ziphambili kuluntu ngokubanzi.
Ukuganana kwakho nemiba yezemali yephulo elingokwemali − nokuba kungokuhlala waziswe, uxhase imigudu yotshintsho, ukuvota kwabo bajolise phambili ekubonakaleni nasekuziphenduleni, okanye ukwenza ilizwi lakho livelwe kule mibandela — okanye ukukhuthaza ukwakhiwa kwezobupolitika okuya kuyimfuneko ukuze kutshintshwe intsingiselo. Idemokhrasi isebenza kakuhle xa abemi bexelelwa, bethembise, kwaye benyanzelela ukuba abameli babo bakhonze umdla kawonke-wonke.
Impembelelo yemali kwezobupolitika ayinqandeki okanye ayiguquguquki. Kuyo yonke imbali yaseMerika, imibutho yolungiso iphumelele ekucel ’ umngeni izilangazelelo ezisemgangathweni kwaye idala iinkqubo zezobupolitika ezithe tye nezicace gca. Ukusuka kwiNkangeleko eqhubela phambili yenkulungwane yamashumi amabini ukuya kwimithetho yezemali yasemva kweWatergate yemibutho yee-1970, abemi baye babonakalisa ngokuphindaphindiweyo ukuba ukulungiselela ukulwa kobugqhinga bungamelana nokuchasana kwabo bangenelwa kwimo yemo.
Imingeni yezemali yanamhlanje ibalulekile, kodwa ayinzima ukumelana nayo. Ngokuqonda indlela esebenza ngayo inkqubo, ukuhlala waziwa ukuba ngubani oxhasa amaphulo ezobupolitika, ukuxhasa imigudu yokubonisana nokuguqula izinto, kunye nokwenza ilizwi lakho liviwe, ungayinceda ekudaleni inkqubo yezopolitiko esabelayo kwiimfuno zabo bonke abemi kunaleyo inemirhumo emikhulu yokwenza iminikelo yephulo.
Impilo yedemokhrasi yethu ixhomekeke kubemi abafuna ukuba abameli babo abanyuliweyo baphendulelwe kubo nabasebenza ukuqinisekisa ukuba igunya lezobupolitika labelwe kakuhle kunokuba lijoliswe kwizityebi nezilangazelelo ezikhethekileyo. Ilifa lenkamkelo aliyonto ibangela zonke iingxaki zedemokhrasi, kodwa liyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yokudala inkqubo yezobupolitika emela ngokwenene ukuthanda kwabantu.
Ikamva lengingqi yenu `nekamva ledemokhrasi yethu''.) lixhomekeke kubemi abayiqondayo indima yemali kwezobupolitika nabakulungeleyo ukusebenzela inkqubo yezopolitiko ecace ngakumbi, efuna ukuphendula, nengenabubulungisa. Ngokubandakanyeka kwimiba yemali yezemali yephulo nokukhuthaza utshintsho, unegalelo ekwakheni idemokhrasi eyomelele ngakumbi enceda bonke abemi, kungekhona abo banokukwazi ukunikela ngezaphulo ezinkulu.
Isiphelo: Zinike Amandla Ngolwazi
Iphulo lenkcitho liyimisela imicimbi kuba ingunobumba obalekela isikhundla, ofumana imibandela, indlela amaphulo anxibelelana ngayo nabavoti, yaye ekugqibeleni, yiyiphi imithetho elawulayo. Ukuqonda inkxaso yemali yephulo kukunika amandla okuba ngumvoti onolwazi olungakumbi, ummeli ophumelelayo, kunye nommi othenjiweyo. Ikunceda ukuba ubone ngaphaya kobuchule bokuthetha ngezaphulo zemali nolwalamano olunokuphembelela izigqibo zamagosa anyuliweyo.
Inkqubo yezemali yephulo intsonkothile, kwaye ukulandela imali kufuna umgudu nokuzingisa. Kodwa utyalo-mali lubalulekile ngenxa yokuba lukunika ukuqonda ngempembelelo echaphazela iziphumo zezobupolitika elumelwaneni nawe nakwilizwe lonke. Uxhotyiswe lolu lwazi, ungenza izigqibo ezithe chatha malunga nokuba ngaluphi abaza kuxhasa, yiyiphi imigaqo emele ixhaswe, nendlela yokusebenza ngokunempumelelo kakhulu ngeenguqu ofuna ukuzifumana.
Khumbula ukuba utshintsho lunokwenzeka xa abemi beluququzelela kwaye belufuna. Utshintsho lwezemali lwezenkamkelo luphumelele kumgangatho wasekuhlaleni, wephondo, nowamagunya xa abameli beye bakha imibutho elungelelanisiweyo, bafundisa uluntu, kwaye baqhubeka bechasana. Ukuba nenxaxheba kulo mgudu uqhubekayo.
Hlala ufundile, uhlale uthembisene, kwaye ungaze uwajongele phantsi amandla abemi abanolwazi abasebenza kunye ukuyila inkqubo yezopolitiko ecace ngakumbi, enetyala neyolawulo-moya. Ikamva lemali yephulo-mali (* kunye nekamva ledemokhrasi yethu) lixhomekeke kubemi abanoxanduva olulinganayo njengawe abakwaziyo ukunikela ingqalelo, bathethe, basebenzele utshintsho.