Table of Contents

Kwiminyaka emine, amaMerika athe angenelela kwezobupolisa, alandela iingxoxo, ahlalutya uphando, kunye nokuxubusha ngenyameko yesizwe. Kodwa phakathi kwezi ziganeko zemfazwe, unyulo lwasekuhlaleni [ lugqiba ngokuthe ngqo uninzi lwezinto ezichaphazela ubomi bemihla ngemihla .ukusukela kumgangatho wemfundo yomntwana wakho ukuya kwimeko yezitrato zakho, ukusuka kwirhafu yempahla ukuya kuqheliselo lwamapolisa. Nangona lunempembelelo enkulu, olu nyulo lusoloko lubona amanani aphantsi kwama-20%, okuthetha ukuba lumbalwa abemi abathenjiweyo bagqiba ngokunempumelelo kwimigaqo-nkqubo yoluntu echaphazela izigidi.

Oku kuqhawula unxulumano phakathi konyulo lwaloo ndawo lubalulekile kunye nokuthatha inxaxheba kwabemi kumele enye yezona zinto zididayo ezinkulu zedemokhrasi yaseMelika. Ngelixesha sibhaqa kwizobupolitika zikarhulumente apho amavoti ngamanye amanqapha kweziphumo, siyazibetha ngoyaba iinntlanga apho abavoti abambalwa bafumana iimpumelelo. Ukuqonda isizathu sokuba bafake inxaxheba kwimicimbi yonyulo yokhetho lwasekuhlaleni [[ akuyo nje imfundo yezentengiso yoluntu].

Luyintoni unyulo lwasekuhlaleni? Ukuqonda idemokhrasi yoluntu lwakho

Umlinganiselo Karhulumente Wasekuhlaleni

unyulo lwendawo ekhoyo luquka zonke iinkqubo zedemokhrasi ezingaphantsi komgangatho wombuso, kuquka umasipala, ingingqi, ilokishi, ukhuphiswano, kunye nokhuphiswano lwesithili esisodwa. Olu nonyulo lukhetha amagosa luze lugqibe iinkqubo zamaqela karhulumente asekuhlaleni [ 90 000 ngaphaya kweMelika, nganye inoxanduva kunye namandla awohlukeneyo.

Ukuntsonkotha korhulumente wasekuhlaleni kubonisa isithethe sorhulumente waseMerika sokufumana igunya elabelweyo. Ngokungafaniyo nedemokhrasi esembindini apho oorhulumente besizwe banikela khona inkoliso yeenkonzo, abameli be-U.S. bagunya elikhulu kwimikhosi yasekuhlaleni. Oku kuthetha ukuba ubomi bakho buxhomekeke ngokuphawulekayo kwizigqibo ezenziwayo kungekhona eWashington D.C., kodwa kwiiholo zesixeko, kwiinkundla zamaphondo, nakumagumbi eentlanganiso eziqeshini kumazwe aphesheya kweMelika.

Iintlobo zokhetho lwangaphakathi nee-ofisi

Ukhetho lwe-Municipal luchaza isixeko kunye nokhokelo lwedolophu:

  • [[UMVULO:0] I-Mayrs ezisebenza njengeentloko zolawulo (kwinkqubo ezinamandla zoomatshini) okanye iinkokeli zesithethe (kwinkqubo yebhunga-mphathi-mphathi)
  • Amalungu eBhunga laseDolophu amisela imithetho yasekuhlaleni, avumela uqingqo-mali, kwaye ajonge amasebe esixeko
  • Abalawuli beDolophu (kwinkqubo zebhunga-manager) abasebenza njengoomlawuli abachwepheshayo
  • City Attorneys ezinika icebiso elingokwasemthethweni yaye maxa wambi zimangalela ulwaphulo-mthetho lukamasipala
  • City Clerks egcina iirekhodi kwaye ngokufuthi ejonge unyulo lwangaphakathi

Imisebenzi yequmrhu elikwingingqi

  • Abakhomisi okanye abaPhambili abalawula iindawo ezingafakwanga kwaye banikezele ngeenkonzo zengingqi
  • Abaphathi-majoni abalawula iintolongo zephondo nabanika imida yomthetho ngaphandle kwesixeko
  • I-Diget Atorneys ezimangalela amatyala olwaphulo-mthetho
  • Ubalo Clerks olugcina iirekhodi ezibalulekileyo nokunika unyulo
  • Izicingi ezimisela amaxabiso empahla yerhafu
  • [[UMTL:0] Izixhobo zokuhlola ukufa eziphanda ngokufa

Ukhetho lweSithili soNyaka lukhetha iibhodi zokongamela iinkonzo ezithile:

  • Iibhodi zeSchool ezilawula uqeqesho lwe K-12 (malunga ne-13,500 yesithili kwilizwe lonke)
  • [[UMTL: 0] Water kunye neSiphekepheke seMigangatho ulawulo lwezingenisi ezidityanisiweyo
  • Izithili zokukhusela iFire kwimimandla engenawo amasebe omlilo kamasipala
  • Imimandla yeHospital esebenzayo izibonelelo zonyango lukawonke-wonke
  • [[UMTL:0] Abasemagunyeni bamaTansit[[FT:1] uqhuba isithuthi sikawonke-wonke
  • [[UMTL:0] Abasemagunyeni Abahambisi abaphethe amazibuko kunye neenqwelo-moya

[[UMTL: 0] Unyulo lwe-Judicial kumazwe angama- 39 apho abavoti bakhetha khona abagwebi abathile:

  • IiNkundla zeMinicipal zokuphatha ukwaphulwa kwendlela kunye namacala amancinane
  • IiNkundla eziBanzi uthetha phosakeleyo nabasebenzi kunye neempikiswano zamakhaya
  • IiNkundla eziPhambiliyo njengeprobate, intsapho, okanye iinkundla zeziyobisi

Imilinganiselo ye-Ballot evumela idemokhrasi ethe ngqo:

  • Imiba ebond egunyazisa ukuboleka iiprojekthi ezinkulu
  • [[UMTHETHO: 0] Ibhanile yenkxaso-mali yenkonzo okanye yeeprojekthi ezithile
  • IziHlalisi zeCarter ukutshintsha imithetho yolawulo engundoqo
  • Iinguqu kunye ne-Referendendums ukwenza okanye ukuphinda iphinde imithetho yasekuhlaleni
  • [[UMTL:0] Iphinda isuse amagosa anyuliweyo phambi kwexesha lokuphela

Amandla Afihlakeleyo Karhulumente Wasekuhlaleni: Indlela Ukhetho Lwasekuhlaleni Olubuchaphazela Ngayo Ubomi Bakho Bemihla Ngemihla

Imfundo: Impembelelo ephambili yebhodi yeSikolo

Iibhodi zemidlalo zeqela lesibini zenza izigqibo ezichaphazela abafundi besikolo sikawonke-wonke abazizigidi ezingama-50, zisebenzisa amandla abumba iziphumo zesizukulwana. Ezi zisoloko zingahlawulwa, zibekwa kwindawo yenxalenye yolawulo:

ICurculum neMigangatho: Iibhodi zesikolo zimisela oko abantwana bakufundayo, kwiinkqubo zemfundo yesini ukuya kwindlela imbali efundiswa ngayo. Amadabi akutshanje kwiingcamango zohlanga ezirhabaxa, LGBTQ+ ukuqukunjelwa, kunye nencwadi ivavanya indlela unyulo lwebhodi yesikolo esendaweni yayo [[FLT:] olunempembelelo ngqo kulwazi olusemgangathweni lwemfundo.

I-Alpansis: ngo-avareji nganye echitha imali engaphezulu kwe R1,000 ngonyaka, iibhodi zigqiba phakathi kwabafundisi-zoqeshi, ukuphucula ubugcisa, ugcino-zixhobo, okanye iinkqubo ezandisiweyo. Olu khetho lugqiba ngobukhulu bodidi, imirhumo eyongezelelweyo yemfundo, kunye nomgangatho wemfundo.

Izigqibo zePersonal: Iibhodi ziqesha kunye nabaphathi-mlilo, ababumba zonke isithili. Bathethana nomfundisi- ntsapho ngezivumelwano ezichaphazela intlawulo nemilinganiselo yomfundisi- ntsapho. Ngexesha lokunqongophala komfundisi- ntsapho, iinkqubo zebhodi ezikumvuzo neemeko zokusebenza zimisela ukuba isithili sitsala abafundisi abanobunjani.

I-Safety and Discipline: ukusuka kubukho bamapolisa kwizikolo ukuya ekupheliseni iinkqubo, iibhodi zimisela imekobume exhasa okanye ethintela ukufunda. Izigqibo zabo kwimiqathango yempilo yengqondo, iinkqubo ezichasene nenkxwaleko, kunye nokusabela ngobunzima kuchaphazela intlalo-ntle yabafundi.

Impendulo yePandemic [: I-COVID-19 ityhila indima ebalulekileyo yeebhodi zesikolo, njengoko zagqiba phakathi kokufunda okukude, okuxubileyo, okanye okusemgangathweni, iimfuno zemaski, kunye nemigaqo yokugoma (ii-athom) ezichaphazela ucwangciso lwentsapho, inkqubela-phambili yobuntwana, kunye nempilo yoluntu.

Ukhuseleko Loluntu: Apho Ukhuseleko Ludibana

Amagosa asekuhlaleni alawula ukwenziwa komthetho okuninzi, kunye ka-18 000 kumasebe asekuhlaleni amapolisa xa ethelekiswa namalungu angama-65 kuphela. Izigqibo zawo zigqiba

Izenzo zobuPolice kunye nokuphendula : amabhunga kunye neekhomishini zephondo zimisela uqingqo-mali lwamapolisa, zivumele izivumelwano zomanyano, kunye nokuseka iinkqubo zobuveleli. Emva kokubulawa kukaGeorge Floyd, oorhulumente basekuhlaleni bagqiba enoba ukuguqula, ukuthoba, okanye ukuxhasa amasebe amapolisa aneempembelelo ezinzulu zoluntu.

IJaji eliPhambili loMlawuli woLawulo : amagqwetha esithili agqiba ukuba zeziphi izenzo zolwaphulo-mthetho eziza kuchotshelwa ngogonyamelo kwaye zeziphi ezo zinokusingathwa ngeenkqubo zokuzihlaziya. Ezinye ii-DSing refectrial translatementments; ezinye zijolise ingqalelo kwizenzo zolwaphulo-mthetho ezimhlophe. Olukhetho lubumba ukhuseleko loluntu kunye nenani lokuvalelwa komthwalo.

[[FLT: 0] Ubunjani beResponse effect : Amaxesha okuphendula komnxeba uxhomekeke kwinkxaso-mali yengingqi kunye nezigqibo zomsebenzi. Nokuba uxakeka ufumana ukhawuleziso, impendulo yochwepheshe okanye ukulibaziseka, anelenga nkonzo evela kukhetho lokhetho lokhetho lwasekuhlaleni.

IFITI neeNkonzo ze-EMS: Uluntu oluninzi luxhomekeke kumasebe omlilo okuzithandela okanye luzamana nabasebenzi be-EMS. Unyulo lwasekuhlaleni lumisela ukuba ngaba ukuxhasa iinkonzo zobugcisa, okuchaphazela amandla okuphendula ngexesha longxamiseko.

Isiseko Sobomi Bemihla Ngemihla

Oorhulumente bobulali balawula 75% yezibonelelo zikawonke-wonke, benza unyulo lwendawo olubalulekileyo ukwenzela imisebenzi yoluntu:

Iinethwekhi zorhwebo: Izixeko zigcina ama-80% eendlela, zigqiba ukuba ziziphi ezilungiswayo, apho imiqondiso yetrafiki ihamba khona, nendlela yokulawula ukuxinana kwendlela. Abaphathi be-Transit bamisela iindlela zoduladula, ubuninzi, kunye nee-asethi `izinto ezichaphazela ukuhamba kwezigidi ngaphandle kweenqwelo-mafutha.

[[NTL: 0] Inkqubo ye-Water kunye ne-Sewer: Izixhobo eziluncedo zommandla zinika eyona mfuneko isisiseko sobomi. Iibhodi zabo zigqiba kwimiqathango yesiseko sotyalo-mali, imiqathango, kunye nomgangatho wamanzi. Ingxaki yamanzi yaseMichigan yabonisa indlela izigqibo zasekuhlaleni ezidala ngayo iintlekele zempilo kawonke-wonke.

IiParks kunye noHlalo: Ngaphandle kwexabiso eliphantsi, iipaki zinika iindawo zokuhlanganisana, iinkqubo zolutsha, neengenelo zempilo kawonke-wonke. Amagosa asekuhlaleni agqiba ukuba agcine iipaki ezikhoyo, adale ezintsha, okanye athengise umhlaba kawonke-wonke ukuze aphuhlise.

Brandband kunye ne-Infrapublics: Njengoko ukufikelela kwi-intanethi kuya kuba yimfuneko, oorhulumente basekuhlaleni baya benika umbane obanzi okanye balawule abanikezeli abangabo. Ezi zigqibo zibonisa ukuba uluntu lunokukwazi na ukunxibelelana nemfundo, umsebenzi, kunye nonyango.

Izakhiwo nophuhliso: Uphawu loluntu olucekisayo

Ngokwakha nokuceba amagunya, oorhulumente basekuhlaleni banempembelelo enkulu kwindawo abantu abahlala kuyo nendlela abahlala ngayo:

[[FLT: 0] Isisombululo seAffordibility Crisis: Izixeko zigqiba ukuba zifuna indlu efikelelekayo kwinkqubela-phambili entsha, imida yokuqesha unyuko, okanye zibonelele ngokhuseleko oluphezulu. Olu khetho lubonisa ukuba abafundisi- ntsapho, abacimi-mlilo, nabasebenzi benkonzo bangahlala phi na.

Imilinganiselo yokuzikhusela : Iibhodi zokulungisa zikhetha phakathi kwamadlelo athe gqolo okanye phakathi kwedolophana exineneyo, echaphazela izithuthi, impembelelo yemekobume, kunye nobuntu boluntu. Izigqibo malunga nenkqubela-phambili edityanisiweyo, imida yobude, kunye neemfuno zokupaka izithuba ezibunjwe kwizizukulwana.

Izixhobo zogcino lwezibonelelo. Ulwando: Oorhulumente basekuhlaleni balungelelanisa ukukhusela ilifa loluntu kuxinzelelo lophuhliso. Nokuba idolophu yakho igcine uphawu lwayo okanye iinguqulelo zayo ngokupheleleyo zixhomekeke kwiziphumo zonyulo lwasekuhlaleni.

Ukuzinziswa kwemizimba: intshukumo yemozulu ekhokelayo ngokwakha ikhowudi, iimfuno ezinokuhlaziywa, kunye nocwangciso lwezothutho. Unyulo lwasekuhlaleni lugqiba enoba uluntu lungoovulindlela abalondoloziweyo okanye abaxhathisi.

Uphuhliso Lwezoqoqosho: Ukudala Amathuba Okanye Ukungalingani

Oorhulumente basekuhlaleni banegalelo kakhulu kwizoqoqosho:

Imozulu yezoshishino ye-: Ngokusebenzisa i-intwala, ukuvumela, kunye nomthetho, izixeko zichaphazela ushishino. Ezinye iinkqubo zomsinga wokutsala amashishini; ezinye zigcina imiqobo ekhusela izilangazelelo ezimisiweyo.

[[UMTL: 0] Inkcubeko yeTax nenkqubela-phambili Imisebenzi: Amagosa ongingqi agqiba ukuba anikele amakhefu erhafu atsala abaqeshi abakhulu okanye abeke iprojekthi ephambili. Olu khetho luchaphazela ubukho bomsebenzi, imigangatho yerhafu, kunye nemithwalo yerhafu kubemi.

Uphuhliso loMsebenzi : Iikholeji zoluntu neenkqubo zomsebenzi, ezisoloko zilawulwa ziibhodi ezinyulweyo zasekuhlaleni, zinika uqeqesho lomsebenzi. Ulungelelwaniso lwazo neemfuno zoqoqosho zasekuhlaleni lumisela ukuba abemi bafumana imisebenzi emihle kusini na.

Iqhinga lokuThintelela kunye neNkomfa: Uluntu oluninzi luxhomekeke ekusebenziseni imali yabakhenkethi. Utyalo-mali loorhulumente basekuhlaleni ekuthakazeliseni, ekuthengisweni, nakumaziko oshishino lubone impumelelo yokhenketho.

Ingxaki: Isizathu Sokuba Abantu Abambalwa Kangaka Babe Nesabelo Kukhetho Lwasekuhlaleni

Amanani Akhwankqisayo

ujiko lonyulo lwengingqi yengingqi yengingqi lutyhila ingxaki yedemokhrasi yokuthatha inxaxheba:

  • Unyulo lweMunicipal umlinganiselo wama-7% kwimijaho yoomatiloshe, ehlela kwi-15% kwibhunga lesixeko
  • School unyulo lwebhodi oluqhelekileyo lubona 5-10% inxaxheba
  • Unyulo olukhethekileyo ludla ngokuzoba ngaphantsi kwama-20% abavoti ababhaliswe
  • unyulo oluzenzekelayo lwee-ofisi zobulali ngamanye amaxesha lubona ushicilelo lwemvo enye

Thelekisa oku [[FLT: 0] unyulo oluphambili olujikayo olungaphaya kwe 60% kwimijikelo yakutshanje, kwaye ukuxhulumana kuyaphaphazamisa. Kumazwe amaninzi, abantu abaninzi babukela iSuper Bowl kunokuba bavote umphathi wenqanawa.

Izithintelo Zokwakha

Unyulo lwe-Cycle : Iingingqi ezininzi ziba nonyulo kwiminyaka eminqamlezileyo okanye kwiinyanga ezingacwangciswanga, ezizahlula kukhuphiswano oluphezulu lweprofile yorhulumente. Ngexa kujoliswe ekujoliseni ingqalelo kwimiba yasekuhlaleni, lo mcimbi unciphisa ngokuphawulekayo ukujika, ingakumbi phakathi kwengeniso encinci, kunye nevoti encinane ejongene nemiqobo eninzi yokuthatha inxaxheba.

Ulwazi-Deficit: Ukuthotywa konxibelelwano kuthetha ukuba bambalwa abacholacholi kwii-ofisi zedolophu neebhodi zesikolo. Ngaphandle koondaba ababalaselisa imiba yasekuhlaleni nabavoti, abavoti abanalwazi olusisiseko olufunekayo kukhetho lolwazi. Ii-algorim zezentlalo-ntle zibeka phambili impikiswano yesizwe kwizinto zasekuhlaleni.

[[FLT: 0] I-Malthlemity: Iivota zisoloko zijongene neqela lemizwa nemilinganiselo kwivoti enye. Ngaphandle kokhokelo okanye isalathisi sonxibelelwano, ukwenza ukhetho lolwazi lunzima. Abavoti abaninzi batsiba nje intlalo ezingaqhelekanga.

Ukubhalisa kunye nokukhupha izithinteli: Phezu kwako ukuphuculwa konyulo lwezwe, unyulo lwasekuhlaleni lusoloko lungavotiwe kwangoko, iibhombu zokuvota zeposi, okanye iindawo zokuvota ezifanelekileyo. Amanye amazwe afuna ubhaliso olwahlukileyo lohlobo lonyulo olwahlukileyo.

Iinkalo zenzululwazi yengqondo nezenkcubeko

Ezobuzwe zaMazwe i-Scustion: Iindaba zeCuble kunye ne-media yezentlalo zenza umboniso wama-24/7 wezopolitiko wezwe, ukutshona kwemiba yasekuhlaleni. Abahlali bazi okuninzi ngenkqubo yeBhunga kunemithetho yabo yesixeko.

I-Irreleviced : Abaninzi bakholelwa ukuba urhulumente wasekuhlaleni akanakukwazi ukucombulula iingxaki ezinkulu ezifana nokutshintsha kwemozulu okanye ukungalingani kwezoqoqosho. Oku kungaqondani kumandla amakhulu oorhulumente basekuhlaleni kunye nophuhliso olunempumelelo.

[[FLT: 0] Ukudibaniseka : Ukubhalisa umanyano lwasekuhlaleni kunye nekomkhulu loluntu kuthetha ukuba bambalwa abantu abaya kwiintlanganiso zasekuhlaleni, abamazi abamelwane, okanye abavakalelwa kukuba bafakwe kwiziphumo zasekuhlaleni. Ngaphandle konxulumano loluntu, unyulo lwasekuhlaleni lubonakala lungekho ngqiqweni.

[[FLT: 0] Parisan Exhaussion: Ukwanda kwemimandla engaphandle komhlaba kwenza zonke izobupolitika zizive zichasene. Abaninzi bayeka ngokupheleleyo ukuganana kunokuqhuba imekobume yezobupolitika enetyhefu.

Isizathu Sokuba Umculo Wasekuhlaleni Uthwale Amandla Angaqhelekanga

Impembelelo Yezibalo

Ku unyulo lwaloo ndawo , ivoti nganye ithwala ubunzima obungaphezulu kakhulu kunokhuphiswano lwezwe:

Isiqinisekiso sokuziko loMququzeleli Wonyulo : I-Economist ibala ukuba ithuba elinye levoti lokumisa unyulo lomongameli liyasondela zero-/mhlawumbi 1 kwizigidi ezingama-60 kumazwana okhuphiswano. Kunyulo-mali lwasekuhlaleni, ivote enye isoloko igqiba iziphumo. Uhlolo lwezinyulo lwasekuhlaleni ezingama-40 000 lufunyaniswe 1] ku 1 000 000 lugqitywe yivoti enye okanye amaqhina.

IMida yokuphumelela eMancinci : Iintlanga zasekuhlaleni zisoloko zibona imida phantsi kwekhulu lamavoti. Ngo-2021, iVirgini House of Bavens ebotshelelwe kwi 11 608 ivoti nganye, igqitywe ngokuzoba amagama kwisitya. Ibhodi yesikolo isoloko ibona imida phantsi kwamavoti angama-50.

[[FLT: 0] Impembelelo yeCompound: Ngapha koko uvota kwakho, ungaphembelela abanye abaninzi ngemijelo yobuqu. Kunyulo olusezantsi, ukulungiselela intsapho kunye nabahlobo kungenza iziphumo.

Imiphumo Ebuhlungu Yokubandakanyeka Kwezobupolitika Kwasekuhlaleni

IPipeline kwi-Ofisi ePhakamileyo: Uninzi lwezopolitiko zelizwe nolorhulumente baqala kurhulumente wasekuhlaleni. Amabhunga eziXeko kunye neebhodi zesikolo zisebenza njengeendawo zokuqeqesha apho iinkokeli zexesha elizayo zivelisa ubuchule nokubaluleka. Ngokubandakanyeka kwindawo ohlala kuyo, uphembelela abo banyukela kwizikhundla eziphezulu.

I-Invation Information Invation Invation Informations: Iinkqubo zoorhulumente boovulindlela basekuhlaleni kamva zamkelwa njengesizwe. Ukulingana komtshato, ukunyuka komvuzo ophantsi, ukuvalwa kwengxowa yeplastiki, kunye nokuvota okucetyiweyo konke kwaqala kwindawo ohlala kuyo. Ukuma kwengxoxo yesizwe ngomso.

Ukwakha uBukhosi bezobupolitika: Abavoti abathe rhoqo bafumana impembelelo kumagosa anyuliweyo abawazi ngokobuqu. Kumaqela amancinane, abavoti abangaguqukiyo bayazi oomatiloshe kunye namalungu ebhunga ngamagama, ukufikelela amandla angekhoyo kumgangatho wequmrhu.

Ukunika ingxelo : Amagosa asekuhlaleni akanakukwazi ukufihla ngasemva komatshini weqela okanye iinkqubo ezintsonkothileyo. Bathenga kwivenkile yakho yokutya, bangene kwiinkonzo zakho zonqulo, kwaye bathumele abantwana kwizikolo zakho. Oku kusondeza kubangela ukuba uxanduva oluthe ngqo lungabinako kubameli bamaqumrhu.

Amabali Aphumelelayo: Xa Unyulo Lwatshintshayo Yonke Into

Imvukelo yemfundo kaNewark

Ngo-2014, iNewark, iNew Jersey, yakhetha ibhodi yesikolo enika isiqinisekiso sokukhulula ulawulo lwasekuhlaleni kulawulo lukarhulumente. Nangona bephumile kwi-10-to 1 ngabaxhasi bezifundo zeqesha-mrhumo, abaququzeleli bengca bahlanganisa abavoti boluntu. Ibhodi entsha yaxoxa ngokubuya kolawulo lwasekuhlaleni, ukwandisa inkxaso-mali yesikolo, kunye notshintsho lwengingqi. [[FLT:] Izinga lokuphumelela komquququzelelo lwezifundo zanyuka ukusuka ku 61% ukuya ku77% kwiminyaka emihlanu.

Utshintsho Lobulungisa Bezaphuli-mthetho BaseRichmond

IRichmond, igqwetha lika Virginia lika-2017 elingumvumi wesizwe sobuzwe jikelele wabona unyulo lonyulo uColette McNationalin loyiswa ngokukhutshwa komsantsa ngo-557 kuphela. Wasebenzisa iinkqubo zokuzihlaziya, wanciphisa amatyala omjuxuzo, wathetha nomahluko wobuhlanga. Amaqondo olwaphulo-mthetho ehla ngoxa ukubanjwa kwehla, ebonisa indlela unyulo lomtshutshisi olukhoyo.[[FLT:] olubonisa ngayo unyulo lomtshutshisi.

Ukhokelo lwemozulu luka-Austin

Austin, i-Texas, abavoti bavuma ukuba umlinganiselo wama-2020 wemali efunyanwa kunyuso lothutho lukawonke-wonke ngengeniso yerhafu enikezelweyo. Phezu kwayo nje inkcaso evela kubameli bohola weendlela, abaququzeleli beengcambu bagqithisa "Indawo yokudibanisa," ukurhweba ii-$7.1 zezigidi kwisiporo esilula kunye nothutho loduladula. Olu unyulo lwendawo-Austin njengenkokeli yemozulu ngexesha bethetha ngemigrafigrafi.

Isakhiwo seMontgomery

Unyulo lwebhunga leMaryland lobuzwe lonyaka-1818 lwazisa amalungu athenjiswa ukuphumelela kwezindlu. Bawisa umthetho onika imvume yokuba abanini-mpahla bafumane indawo yokuhlala, ukwandisa unikezelo lwezindlu ngaphandle kwenkqubela phambili enkulu. Olu tshintsho lwasekuhlaleni luphembelela iingxoxo zezindlu ezinokufikeleleka zesizwe.

Indlela Yokwenza Umvo Wakho: Ukhokelo Olusebenzisekayo

Phambi Konyulo: Utyando Lokulungiselela

Yazi Ikhalenda Yakho Yokhetho: Unyulo lwengingqi lwenzeka unyaka jikelele. Khangela iofisi yakho yonyulo yendawo yedekhi yonyulo yemihla, ubhaliso, kunye neenketho zokuvota zangaphambili. Seka izikhumbuzi kunyulo oluzayo.

[[FLT: 0] Phantsi kwe-Phantsi kooRhulumente bakho: Inkoliso yamaMelika ihlala phantsi koorhulumente basekuhlaleni abaninzi(isixeko, iphondo, isithili, isithili sesikolo, isithili esikhethekileyo. Funda ukuba inika ntoni na iinkonzo kwaye xa nganye isenza unyulo. Ukuqonda isakhiwo kunceda ukuchaza apho inokugxininiswa khona kumandla.

[[Uphando:0] Uphando lwe Candidatings kunye neempikiswano: Ngaphandle konikezelo losasazo lwezixhobo zekhompyutha, uphando lufuna umgudu:

  • I-Ofisi ekwi-intanethi
  • Ii-website ezinokufundwa kunye nemibuzo evela kwiintlangano
  • Hlola amaphephandaba, amaqhina, namaqela akhuthaza ubuqhetseba
  • Ingxelo yokuvota ihlolisisiwe
  • Ingxelo zemali zephulo

IiNkxaso eziNxulumanisiweyo kwii-ofisi: ukonakalisa yimingxuma? Indawo yesiseko yebhunga lengingqi lophando. Ixhalabele ubunjani besikolo? Gxila kwimijaqo yebhodi yesikolo. Ukuthelekisa inkxalabo kwi-ofisi ezifanelekileyo kwandisa iziphumo.

Ebudeni Bonyulo: Impembelelo Enzulu

[[UMTL: 0] Ukuvota Kwangoko Xa kunokwenzeka: ukuvota kwangoko okanye iibhola zokuvota zeposi zivumela uphando locoselelo ngexesha lovota. Ungaphengulula abathathi-nxaxheba abangaqhelanga kunokuba ucebe kwizindlu zokuvota.

[[FLT: 0] Phelisa i Ballot yakho Yonke: Iingqatso zebhola esezantsi zibaluleke kakhulu kodwa abavoti abaninzi bayayitsiba. Unyulo lwezahlulelo okanye ugqatso lwebhodi yamanzi lungakuchaphazela ngaphezu kokhuphiswano oluphambili.

[[UMTL: 0] Lungisa Uthungelwano Lwakho: Kunyulo olusezantsi, kuzisa abahlobo abahlanu kuphando kungayichaphazela ngokunentsingiselo iziphumo. Lungisa ii-carpool, wabelane ngezikhumbuzo zokuvota, kwaye uxubushe imicimbi yasekuhlaleni nabamelwane.

[[NTLA: 0] IVolunteer yeCandelo: Amaphulo ongingqi afuna amatsha - ntliziyo angxamisekileyo. Impelaveki yokunkqonkqoza okanye yokutsala umnxeba ingaqhagamshelana namakhulukhulu abavoti-/isiphelo semijaqo ekufuphi.

Emva Kokhetho: Ubandakanyeko Oluqinileyo

Intlanganiso zikawonke-wonke ezithe gqolo: ibhunga lesixeko neentlanganiso zebhodi yesikolo zidla ngokuvulwa, ngokufuthi ngamaxesha okugqabaza kukawonke-wonke. Ukubakho rhoqo kwakha ulwalamano namagosa kunye neziphembelelo phakathi konyulo.

Iibhodi neeKhomishini zokungena: Uninzi loorhulumente basekuhlaleni luneebhodi zobuchule zocwangciso, iipaki, amathala eencwadi, neminye imisebenzi. Ezi ndawo zokuzithandela ziphembelela inkqubo kwaye zinika amava oluntu.

[[UMTHET: 0] Ukwakha Amandla oLuntu: Ngenela okanye wenze imibutho ethetha ngemibandela yasekuhlaleni. Nokuba lunxulumano lwasekuhlaleni, PTAs, okanye amaqela olawulo, iqela lezenzo zobuhlanga liqinisa amazwi.

[[FLT: 0] Cinga nge-evaval : Ii-ofisi zasekuhlaleni zisoloko zinemiqobo emincinane ekungeneni. Iimali zokuthutha ipetroli zidla ngokuthoba, kwaye amaphulo angaphumelela ngenkxaso yengca kunokuxhasa imali eninzi. Ubuchule bakho nenkanuko yakho zinokuba koko kanye kufunwa nguluntu lwakho.

Iingcamango Eziqhelekileyo Eziphathelele Ukhetho Lwasekuhlaleni Ziyalahlwa

Intsomi 1: "Urhulumente wasekuhlaleni Akanakukwazi Ukuphendula Iingxaki Ezinkulu"

Ubunyani: Amadolobha akhokelela kutshintsho lwemozulu, nangaphezu kwama-400 oosodolophu base-U.S. abazibophelele kwiinjongo zeParthe Paris Aunity nakanjani na ukurhoxa korhulumente. Unyuko lwemali encinane yasekuhlaleni lwanyusa izigidi zezigidi kubuhlwempu phambi kolawulo lwamazwe asekuhlaleni. Utshintsho lwamapolisa lwenzeka ngokuyintloko kwimigangatho yasekuhlaleni. Ngelixesha oorhulumente basekuhlaleni bengenako ukucombulula yonke into, banamandla angakumbi kwiingxaki ezichaphazela ubomi bemihla ngemihla.

Intsomi 2: "Igalelo Lam aliyi kuba yinto

Ubunyani: uhlalutyo lwestatical lubonisa amavoti asekuhlaleni athwele amawakawaka obunzima obungaphezulu [ kunabo basemagunyeni. Ngaphandle kobu bungqina, ukubophelana kwasekuhlaleni kwakha ulwalamano nolwazi, ukwenza impembelelo ngaphaya kwevoti enye. Bonke abami abathenjiweyo batshintsha uluntu.

Intsomi 3: "Unyulo lwasekuhlaleni Alubalulekanga Kunezi zikazwelonke"

Into yokoqobo[: Ngelixesha unyulo lwequmrhu luchaphazela iinkqubo ezibanzi, unyulo lwasekuhlaleni lumisela ukuphunyezwa komsebenzi nomgangatho wobomi bemihla ngemihla. Inkqubo yemfundo yomanyano iphantsi kwezigqibo zebhodi yesikolo sakho. Iindleko zenkxaso-mali yesizwe azithethi nto ngaphandle kokuceba nokubulala kwasekuhlaleni.

Intsomi 4: "Iipolitiki Zasekuhlaleni Zikruqula"

Ubunyani: Izobupolitika zasekuhlaleni zithetha ngeengxaki ezikhawulezileyo, ezibonakalayo ````indlela yakho igawulwe, isikolo somntwana wakho sinazo iinkqubo zobugcisa, nokuba unako na ukuthenga indawo yokuhlala. Idrama isenokuba yeyamncinane, kodwa izibonda zobomi bakho zisoloko ziphezulu.

Intsomi 5: "Ufuna Isiqinisekiso Ukuze Uthabathe Inxaxheba"

Into yokoqobo[: idemokhrasi yasekuhlaleni ifuna abemi abazalelwe, hayi iingcali zenkqubo. Amava akho aphilayo anika imbono exabisekileyo. Amagosa kufuneka eve kubemi abaqhelekileyo, hayi amagqwetha nabangenisi.

Ikamva Lolawulo - melo Lwasekuhlaleni: Iingxaki Namathuba

Iingxaki Ezimanyeneyo

[[UMTL: 0] Ukubeka intengiso yengingqi yengingqi yengingqi: Ngamaphephandaba angaphezu kwama-2 000 aphela ukususela ngo-2004, uluntu lulahlekelwa zinja ezigade amagosa aphendule kwaye azise abavoti. Le nkcazelo ibangela ukunganyaniseki kwaye inciphisa inxaxheba.

Ukwenziwa kwesizwe kwePolitike zasekuhlaleni: Ngokuqhubekayo, amandla alwahlula-mazwe aphembelela iinntlalo zasekuhlaleni, naxa imiba yasekuhlaleni ingahambelani namaqonga eqela. Oku kudilikana kwelizwe kungathintela ingxaki exhomekekileyo yokucombulula.

[[FLT: 0] Impembelelo yemali edadayo: Ngaphandle kokuchitha iinkcitho eziya zisiba lunyulo lwasekuhlaleni, ingakumbi iibhodi zesikolo kunye nemijaho yabatshutshisi. Amaqela anezixakeko ezintle angawoyisa ulawulo-melo lwedemokhrasi.

Imisebenzi yocinezelo lweVotier: Amanye amazwe athintela ukhetho lovota lwasekuhlaleni, asusa iindawo zokuvota, okanye afune uxwebhu olunciphisa uvalo phakathi koluntu oluceliweyo.

Iingcebiso ezitsha

[[NTL: 0] Izixhobo zolawulo-mpuma ze-Digital : Imigangatho ye-intanethi inceda abavoti abaphandi, izigqibo zikarhulumente, kunye nolungelelaniso lwezenzo zoluntu. Izicelo ezifana neBallot Really kunye ne Vote411 yenza uphando lwebhola lula.

Imisebenzi yokukhetha eshicilelweyo efunyenweyo: izixeko ezinjenge New York ne San Francisco zisebenzisa iinkqubo zokuvota zikhuthaza iminqongo ebanzi kunye nokunciphisa iphulo elingalunganga.

Ukuqulunqwa koHlahlo-mali : Ezinye izixeko ziyabavumela abemi ukuba bakhethe ngokuthe ngqo izahlulo ezithile zoqingqo-mali lukawonke-wonke, ukwandisa ukuganana nokuthembana kurhulumente.

[[FLT: 0] Isivumelwano sobuntwana: Ukuhlisa iminyaka yokuvota ukuya kwi 16 yonyulo lwasekuhlaleni kwezinye iindawo kwakha imikhwa yentlalo-ntle yobomi bonke kwaye kuzisa iimbono ezintsha.

Isiphelo: Ikamva Loluntu Lwakho Lisezandleni Zakho

Umba wonyulo okhoyo ngaphezu kokuba amaMelika amaninzi eqonda. Xa sibeka izigqibo kwidrama yeWashington, izigqibo ezichaphazela ubomi bemihla ngemihla kwiholo zesixeko, kumagumbi eebhodi zesikolo, nakumagumbi eenkundla ephondo lonke ilizwe. Olu nyulo lumisela umgangatho wemfundo yabantwana bakho, ukhuseleko loluntu lwakho, uphawu lommelwane wakho, kunye nobuchule bakho bezoqoqosho.

Le ntlekele asikokuba oorhulumente basekuhlaleni baswele igunya, kodwa kukuba bambalwa abemi abasebenzisa amandla abo ukubaphembelela. Xa ama-90% abemi bengingqi bengavoti kunyulo lwebhodi yesikolo, iqaqobana lenza izigqibo ezinkulu ezichaphazela wonke umntu. Oku kushiyeka kwedemokhrasi kwenza iminqweno ekhethekileyo yokubamba oorhulumente basekuhlaleni, ukuqhubekisela phambili imigaqo-nkqubo engabonisi milinganiselo okanye iimfuno zoluntu.

Kodwa le ngxaki inika ithuba. Ngokufanelekileyo kuba inxaxheba iphantsi, abemi abathembisene iphembelela ngokungathethekiyo. ivoti yakho, ixesha lakho lokuzithandela, nelizwi lakho zisebenza kakuhle kwidemokhrasi yasekuhlaleni. Ungabazi abameli bakho ngokobuqu, uphembelele inkqubo ngqo, kwaye ubone iziphumo eziphathekayo ngokuganana.

Ukuvota kunyulo lwasekuhlaleni asingomsebenzi nje wesintu `ukusebenza'. Kukukhetha ukuba uluntu lwenu luzimisela ngokutsha na izindlu ezinokufikeleleka okanye inkqubela-phambili, nokuba izikolo zifundisa imfundo ebanzi okanye iingcamango zobupolitika, nokuba amapolisa asebenzisa uluntu okanye ayalufumana. Le asiyomibuzo yezopolitiko kodwa ichaphazela ubunjani bobomi bentsapho yakho.

Indlela ephambili ifuna ukuqaphela ukuba idemokhrasi asingomdlalo wababukeli odlalwa kwiindaba zentsontelo yentsimbi kodwa ulawulo lokwahlukana oluqala kuluntu lwakowenu. Kuthetha ukutshintsha ingqalelo ethile kwixabiso lezolonwabo lezobupolitika zesizwe kukubaluleka kwezobupolitika zobulali. Kuthetha ukubonakalisa kungekuphela nje kunyulo lomongameli kodwa kwimijaho yebhodi yesikolo, amanyathelo okuthoba, kunye nokhuphiswano lwebhunga lesixeko.

Ikamva loluntu lwakho alimiselwanga eWashington `ii' igqitywe kukuba ngubani oza kuveza amandla akho kwiindawo zokuvota zasekuhlaleni. Kwixesha lonxunguphalo lwezopolitiko, idemokhrasi yasekuhlaleni inika into exabisekileyo: amandla okwenene okudala utshintsho. Umbuzo asikokuba umbandela wokhetho lwasekuhlaleni . Umbuzo kukuba uza kusebenzisa amandla akho ukubumba ikamva lengingqi yakho.

Ongezelelweyo Oovimba

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