Ukwazisa: Ukungakhathalelwa kwejaji

Inkqubo yomthetho ingavakalelwa njengelizwe lasemzini nabani na ongenela enkundlani okokuqala. Ukususela kwixesha impikiswano iphakama ukuya kwisombululo sokugqibela, indlela yokukhalaza ukuya kwisigqibo ilawulwa yimimiselo yemithetho elungiselelwe ukuqinisekisa ubulungisa, ukubonakala, kunye nenkqubo efunekayo. Ukuqonda olu hambo akuyoyameli nje amagqwetha kunye nabagwebi abafumana iingenelo kubafundi, abafundisi, nabani na ofuna ukuba ngummi onolwazi. Umgaqo wenkundla utyhila indlela umthetho ojika ngayo amalungelo angabonakaliyo abe ziziphumo ezicacileyo. Eli nqaku lisusa iqonga ngalinye, ukusuka kwisicelo sokuqala sesimangaliso sokufaka isibheno sokugqibela, lilungiselela imaphu yendlela yocango yoluntu, ngoxa ijolo lwemibango yoluntu, isebenza ngokufanayo kwimigaqo yolwaphulo-mthetho. Ukuba ufunda indlela elula yokulungisa okanye ulawulo olulula ngenkqubo ecacileyo, ngendlela ecacileyo, ngokuxhobisayo yonke indlela yokuqondana.

Inqaku 1: Ukukhalaza

Ubomi betyala lenkundla buqala xa ummangalelwa ethetha ngengozi okanye isiko elichaza umonakalo, --ifayili uxwebhu olusemthethweni olubizwa ngokuba sisikhalazo ngenkundla enegunya. Inkundla ithetha ukuba inkundla inegunya lokuva ityala elisekelwe kwimografi (umz., urhulumente apho ummangalelwa ehlala khona) okanye umbandela (umz., inkundla yesizwe ngenxa yokuphikisana okusemthethweni). Isikhalazo simbombo setyala; kufuneka sibekwe kakuhle ngenxa yokuba lilawula impikiswano esemthethweni.

Izigaba Zesikhalazo

Isikhalazo esifakwe kakuhle siquka la macandelo alandelayo:

  • I- I-' Isihloko esithiya inkundla, amaqela (iplantiff vs. ummangalelwa), kunye nenani letyala.
  • Isivumelwano esimiselwe phantsi kwemithetho: A achaza isizathu sokuba le nkundla inegunya phezu kwetyala, isoloko icaphula umthetho othile okanye ilungiselelo lomgaqo-siseko.
  • Imeko yezibakala: A akhawunti ecacileyo, enani leziganeko ezibangela ukumangalelwa. Izibakala kufuneka zingqale ngokwaneleyo ukubeka ummangalelwa kwisaziso.
  • [[UMTL:0] Iipesenti ze-Legal (amanani): Umba ngamnye wesenzo udweliswe ngokwahlukileyo, ubhekisa kumthetho oxhasa intelekelelo (umz., uqhawulo lwesivumelwano, ukungakhathali).
  • [[UMTHETHO: 0] ISicelo sokuNqamla: Isiphumo esingqalileyo i-partiff ifuna, njengomonakalo wemali, ukukhulula, okanye ugwebo lokususa.
  • Uqinisekiso: Kweminye imida, i-statiff kufuneka ifunge phantsi kwesifungo ukuba izibakala ziyinyaniso.

Ukuhamba kufuna ukuhlawulwa kwemali, ngaphandle kokuba umbhinqi ufanelekela ukusetyenziswa kwe-antiff esekelwe kwityala. Xa egqibile, umabhalane wenkundla wabela inombolo yetyala kunye nejaji, emisela inkqubo yokuhamba.

ISebe leMicimbi 2: Inkonzo yoMsebenzi

Isikhalazo esigxina singenantsingiselo ngaphandle kokuba ummangalelwa uyazi. Inkonzo yenkqubo ngumgaqo womthetho odlulisela isikhalazo kunye nesicelo ``inkundla' ifuna ummangalelwa aphendule/ukuphendula ummangalelwa. Eli nyathelo libalulekile kuba linelisa iimfuno ezifanelekileyo zomgaqo-siseko: isaziso esisesikweni nethuba lokuviwa.

Iindlela zenkonzo

Inkonzo ingaphunyezwa ngu:

  • Inkonzo ye-Equal Service: Umncedisi wenkqubo okanye umva wesandla wamandla anika ummangalelwa amaxwebhu. Le yeyona ndlela ithembekileyo.
  • Inkonzo ecwangcisiweyo: Ukushiya amaxwebhu kumntu omdala ofanelekileyo kwindlu okanye indawo yeshishini yommangalelwa, emva koko uthumele ikopi.
  • Unikezelo lweposi: Kwezinye iimeko, iposi eqinisekisiweyo enerisithi yokubuya yanele, ingakumbi xa ummangalelwa ekwabelwe inkonzo esemthethweni.
  • [[UMTHETHO: 0] Isiqinisekiso sonikezelo: Xa ummangalelwa engenakufunyanwa nakubeni kukho imigudu enzima, umthetho ungavumela ukupapashwa kwephephandaba njengendawo yokugqibela yokukhetha.

Ummangalelwa unenani elimiselweyo leentsuku, ngokunjalo 21 ukuya ku 30-*. Ukungaphenduli kungakhokelela kumgwebo ongagqibekanga, ithetha ukuba inkundla ingamnika isiqabu ummangalelwa ngaphandle kokuchotshelwa kuba ummangalelwa akathathi nxaxheba.

Isicatshulwa 3: Indlela Ummeli Asabela Ngayo

Xa egqibile, ummangalelwa kufuneka afake impendulo esemthethweni kwinkundla. Le mpendulo ichaphazela idabi lemfazwe. Ummangalelwa angakhetha kwiindlela eziliqela, kuxhomekeka kwizibakala zetyala nakukwanela okusemthethweni.

Impendulo

Impendulo eqheleke kakhulu yimpendulo, apho ummangalelwa evuma okanye ekhanyela ityala ngalinye kwisikhalazo. Nasiphi na isityholo esingakhatywanga sithathwa njengesavunywa. Impendulo ingaquka uewebo-(iinkcukacha ezitsha) ezithi, ukuba ziyinyaniso, zoyise ityala lomntu othe watyholwayo liyinyaniso (umz., umthetho wesithintelo, ukungakhathali komnikelo).

Intshukumo yokukhupha

Kunokuba aphendule, ummangalelwa angayila intshukumo yokukhupha, ephikisa ukuba isikhalazo asiphumeleli ukuchaza isaziso esisemthethweni nokuba zonke izibakala zaso ziyinyaniso. Oku kwaziwa njengoMthetho 12(b) (6) wokuhamba phantsi kwemithetho yengingqi ye procedial. Izixeko ziquka ukunqongophala kolawulo, indawo engalunganga, okanye ukungangeneli kwiqela elifunekayo. Ukuba uyavuma, umkhankanyi unikwa ikhefu lokulungisa isikhalazo.

Idibene nedislam

Ukuba ummangalelwa unetyala nxamnye nommangalelwa, bangaqiqa ityala, ngokunempumelelo lifake ityala etyalani. Ngaphezu koko, ummangalelwa angafaka ifayile enqamleza ityala ngokuchasene nabaxhasi okanye ityala lesithathu kumntu osenokuba ubekek ’ ityala kuzo zonke okanye inxalenye yetyala lantlandlolo.

Isicatshulwa 4: Ubhaqo

Ukufumana okusoloko kuyinto ethatha ixesha elininzi nexabiso elininzi yenxalenye yelithilithi. Yinkqubo eqhelekileyo apho amaqela omabini atshintshiselana ngayo ulwazi nobungqina bokulungiselela ukuvavanywa. Injongo kukuphepha izinto ezimangalisayo nokukhuthaza ukuhlaliswa. Izixhobo zokufunda ziquka:

  • Imibuzo ebhaliweyo emele iphendulwe phantsi kwesifungo, esoloko ilinganiselwe kwi 25 kwinkundla yequmrhu. Iluncedo kumacandelo angundoqo nakumangqina achazayo.
  • [[UMTHETHO: 0] Ukwakhiwa: Ekuncinwa kweqela okanye ubungqina, okuqhutywa phantsi kwesifungo nokubhalwa ngumcholacholi-ndaba wenkundla. Ubungqina bokonga bungasetyenziswa ukuchaza ubungqina ekuchongeni ityala.
  • [[UMTLL: 0] Izicelo zemveliso: Iimfuno zamaxwebhu, iirekhodi ze-elektroniki (umz., ii-imeyili, imiyalezo yokubhaliweyo), okanye ubungqina obuphathekayo. Imithetho ye-e-ebrific ngoku ifuna amaqela ukuvelisa ulwazi olugciniweyo nge electrogram (ESI).
  • [[UMTL:0] Izicelo zemvume: iingxelo omnye umntu amele azivume okanye azikhanyele. Imvume ingayicutha imiba yokuvavanywa.
  • [[UMTL:0] Uhlolo lwenzululwazi yengqondo nolwengqondo: kwiimeko ezibandakanya ukonzakala emzimbeni okanye engqondweni, inkundla ingayalela uvavanyo oluzimeleyo lwezamayeza.

Ukufunyaniswa kwemithetho yelungelo (umz., ilungelo elipheleleyo legqwetha, imfundiso yemveliso yomsebenzi) kunye nemiyalelo yokukhusela ukuxhatshazwa. Iinkundla zidla ngokukhuthaza amaqela ukuba ahlangane aze aququzelele ukucombulula iimpikiswano zokufunyaniswa ngaphandle kokungenelela kwekomiti.

Isicatshulwa 5: Intshukumo yangaphambili

Phambi kokuvavanywa, omnye umntu angafaka ifayile yentshukumo ukusombulula imiba engundoqo okanye ukulahla ityala ngaphandle kovavanyo. Iintshukumo eziqhelekileyo zangaphambi kovavanyo ziquka:

  • [[UMTL:0] Umbutho womgwebo wesishwankathelo: Isicelo sokuba inkundla ilawule ngokuxhasa iqela elihambayo kuba akukho mpikiswano yokwenene yento yento ephathekayo kunye nomthetho ovumela elo qela. Ukuba uvunyiwe, ityala liphela phambi kokuvavanywa.
  • [[NTL: 0] I-Motion kwi Limine: Isicelo sokukhupha ubungqina obuthile ekunikezelweni evavanyweni (umz., abubalulekanga, okanye ubungqina bokuva). Ezi ntshukumo zigqitywa phambi kokuba abachopheli-mthetho bave ubungqina.
  • I-Motion kwi Compel: ifakelwa xa iqela elinye lingaziboni izicelo zokufumana. Inkundla ingayalela ukuthobela nokumisela imvume, kuquka iindleko kunye nerhafu yegqwetha.
  • [[UMTL:0] Umbutho wobungcwele: wehambo enjenge spoliation (ubungqina obutshabalalisayo) okanye iindlela zokholo olungalunganga.

Intshukumo zangaphambili zingalinciphisa ngokuphawulekayo ityala okanye zisombulule ngokupheleleyo. Intshukumo ephumelelayo yomgwebo wesishwankathelo, umzekelo, ingayiphelisa imeko ngaphandle kwemfuneko yenkundla yabachopheli-tyala.

Icandelo 6: Ukuvavanywa Kwetyala

Ukuba ityala liyasinda kwintshukumo zangaphambi kovavanyo kwaye alilungiswanga, liqhubekeka licinywe. Iimvavanyo zebhentshi (isigqibo esigwebayo) okanye amatyala abachopheli-tyala (isigqibo). Ityala lelona nyathelo likhulu likawonke-wonke neliphawulekayo, kodwa lilungelelaniswe kakhulu.

Ukhetho

Kwityala labachopheli-tyala, inyathelo lokuqala libi, apho amagqwetha abuza abaququzeleli bejaji abanokuba noluvo lokutyhila. Icala ngalinye lingasebenzisa imingeni yokuzikhulula (ukususa ijaji ngaphandle kwesizathu, ilinganiselwe ngenani) kunye nocelomngeni lonobangela (ongenamiqathango, ukuba ikhethe libonisiwe).

Ukuvula iNgxelo

Icala ngalinye lichaza indlela obuya kucaca ngayo ubungqina, kodwa lithetha ngendlela abaza kugweba ngayo.

Ukunikelwa Kobungqina

Ummangalelwa uchaza ityala lakhe kuqala, ubiza amangqina kunye nokwazisa imiboniso. Ummangalelwa anganqumla i-examine ingqina ngalinye. Emva kokuba ummangalelwa ehleli, uchaza ityala lakhe. AmaNgqina asenokuquka amangqina obuchule (umz., oogqirha bezonyango, abanikela iimbono kwimicimbi entsonkothileyo). Umgwebi umisela imithetho echasayo ephakanyiswa ngamagqwetha ngokuphathelele ubungqina obungachananga.

Impikiswano Zokuvala

Emva kokuba kunikelwe bonke ubungqina, amacala omabini enza iimpikiswano zokuqukumbela, eshwankathela ubungqina kwaye ebongoza abachopheli-tyala ukuba bafumane imvume yabo. Ijaji ifunda imiyalelo yabachopheli-mgwebi, kwaye ifunda umthetho omele usetyenziswe ngabachopheli-mthetho.

Isigqibo soMququzelelo kunye neSigwebo

Abachopheli betyala bathatha umhlala-phantsi kwigumbi labucala ngabom. Kwimiba yabemi, umgangatho wokuzimela uluvo (ngokunokwenzeka lungakhange lufikeleli). Xa befikelela kwisigqibo, bavakalisa isigqibo enkundleni evulekileyo. Ukuba abachopheli-mthetho abakwaziyo ukufikelela isigqibo esingqinelanayo (okanye ukusetyenziswa kweqhinga eliphezulu), liyinkundla exhonyweyo, yaye ityala linokubuyiselwa.

Isicatshulwa 7: Intshukumo yePost-Trini kunye nomgwebo

Nasemva kwesigqibo, iqela eliphulukana nento lingayifaka ifayile yentshukumo zasemva kovavanyo ukuvavanya isiphumo. Intshukumo eziqhelekileyo ziquka:

  • I-Agues zobunyani ukuba ubungqina babunolwahlulo olunye ukuze kungabikho bagwebi abafanelekileyo ababenokufumana kwelinye icala.
  • [[UMTL:0] Umbutho wovavanyo olutsha: osekelwe kwiimpazamo ngexesha lokuvavanywa, ukuziphatha okubi, okanye ubungqina obusandul' ukufunyanwa.
  • [[UMTL: 0] I-Motion to Amend okanye iSahlulelo se-cata: ifuna ukulungisa impazamo engokwasemthethweni okanye impazamo yabefundisi.

Ukuba akukho ntshukumo yasemva kovavanyo evunyiweyo, inkundla ingena kumgwebo wokugqibela. Iqela eliphumeleleyo linokuthatha amanyathelo okunyanzelisa umgwebo, njengomvuzo wokuqesha okanye ukuthatha izinto.

Isiqhoboshi 8: Inkqubo yesibheno

Izibheno asilotyala lesibini, zingqwalasela izigqibo zenkundla yetyala zezomthetho ezichaphazela iziphumo. Iqela elinomtsalane ngumntu ojongene netyala; kwelinye icala yi-applene.

Isaziso sesibheno

Umfaki sicelo kufuneka afake isaziso sesibheno kwi window efutshane (edla ngokuba ziientsuku ezingama 30). Olu xwebhu luxelela inkundla yezibheno nelinye icala ukuba ityala liyabhencwa.

Iimpinda ezifutshane

Omabini amacala abhala iingxelo ezibhaliweyo eziphikisa isizathu sokuba izigqibo zenkundla yetyala zichanile okanye zingachananga. Ezi ngxelo zifutshane zicaphula ingxelo yetyala nemizekelo engokwasemthethweni. Iimbalasane ezifutshane zomgwebi zichazwe njengempazamo; inkundla yetyala encinane yetyala.

Impikiswano Engoonobumba

Kwizibheno ezininzi, inkundla icwangcisa impikiswano edluliselwa ngomlomo, apho amagqwetha anexesha elilinganiselweyo (umz. imizuzu eli - 15 kwicala ngalinye) lokuphendula imibuzo yabagwebi. Impikiswano engomlomo inokubaluleka ukuba umthetho awucaci.

Isigqibo nokhetho

Inkundla enika ingxelo inga:

  • [[UMTL:0] Isiqinisekiso: Ukuxhasa isigqibo senkundla egwetyiweyo.
  • [[UMTL:0] buyisela umva: jika isigqibo, isoloko ithumela uvavanyo olutsha okanye ukungena kogwebo olwahlukileyo.
  • [[UMTL:0] ``I-Remand''' [ Thumela elityala emva kwinkundla evavanyiweyo ukwenzela ingcebiso ezithe rhoqo noluvo lweziphumo.
  • [[UMTL: 0] Imodeli:[[UMTL:1] Tshintsha inxenye yogwebo.

Izigqibo ezithe tyatyathwayo zibophelelekile kwigunya. Izibheno ezingakumbi zinokwenzeka kwinkundla ephakamileyo yeli lizwe okanye kwiNkundla ePhakamileyo yaseUnited States, kodwa ezo zisebenza ngesigqibo kwaye zinikwa kuphela imibuzo ebalulekileyo engomthetho.

Enye indlela: Uzinzo neADR

Amatyala amaninzi enkundleni akhange afikelele kwityala. Amatyala amaninzi angahlala nakweliphi na iqonga, rhoqo ngexesha lokufumana okanye emva kwesigqibo sokuhamba. Ukuzinzisa ingxubusho kusenokuba ngasese kwaye kuphumele kwisivumelwano esisisibophelelo esiphelisa ukumangalelwa. Iindlela zokuphikisana okuchaseneyo (ADR) ezifana ne-mediaption kunye nokuzidibanisela ityala, zinika iindlela ezimbalwa ezisesikweni zokucombulula iimpikiswano. Kumaziko okugcina ulwazi, iqela lesithathu linceda amaqela anxibelelane ngokuhlalisana. Kwi-arbitration, umgwebi (o ngokuqhelekileyo umlawuli owedwa) uva ubungqina aze enze isigqibo esibophelele, esifana nokuvavanywa kodwa okungekho semthethweni. Iinkundla zidla ngokucela ukuba izibi ukuba zizame ukuzama ukuzama i-ADR ngaphambi kokuvavanywa.

Isiphelo: Uomatshini Abaphilayo Bobulungisa

Ukwakheka komthetho kungaphezulu kothotho lwamanyathelo afanelekileyo kunye nomthetho. Iqonga ngalinye, elisuka ekumangalweni ngokubhena, lifeza injongo: ukunika omabini amacala ithuba elifanelekileyo lokuviwa, ukusebenzisa umthetho rhoqo, nokuvelisa isiphumo sokugqibela, esinyanzelekileyo. Ukuqonda esi sakhiwo sinamandla. Kuyayibangela ukuba inkqubo esemthethweni ikwazi ukuqinisekisa ukuba ilungile kodwa iyindlela ephuculiweyo. Ukuba ungumfundi ohlola isigqibo somjikelo okanye umfundisi onceda abafundi babone indlela umthetho osebenza ngayo, ukwazi amacandelo ekwenze ngayo ukunceda uxabiso ngee-echekethi nomlinganiselo owakhelweyo. Ukufunda okungakumbi, ukukhangela [FL:FUFUthe]