Ukwakhiwa Kokhetho: Ukuqonda Indlela Esilusebenzisa Ngayo Ubuchule

Iinkqubo ze-Electoral zenza ukwakhiwa komngxuma wedemokhrasi wabameli. Ziguqulela ukhetho lwabo ngabanye abavoti kwiziphumo zezobupolitika ezimanyeneyo, zigqiba ukuba ngowuphi umbutho osebenzayo kunye nayiphi inkqubo efumana impembelelo. Iinkqubo zezi nkqubo zibaluleke kakhulu kumacala ahlukeneyo; zibumba ukhuphiswano lweqela, ukuziphatha kovoti, kwanophawu lolawulo lwenzululwazi yezopolitiko. Kubafundi bezopolitili, abafundisi bezobuzwe, bezoshishino lwemfundo yemfundo yehlabathi, besazi sobuzwe, benziwa, beqonda imigaqo esebenzayo yenkqubo eyahlukeneyo. Eli nqaku linikela uhlolo olunokweenkcukacha lwendlela yokukhetha ezimbini ezingundoqo: Eyokuqala-Post-FPP) kunye neRced projective Vov (RC). Ihlola iingcambutho zabo zezo zezobugcisa, ii-omatshini kunye nokusebenza kwehlabathi, ukusetyenziswa kokhetho oluqhelekileyo, indlela yokukhetha ngendlela elungelelanisa.

Izigqibo zoyilo lobuchule zineziphumo ezinzulu. Inkqubo evuza imibutho emide ebanzi ingavelisa oorhulumente abaninzi abazinzileyo kodwa ithintele amazwi amancinane. Inkqubo eyandisa ukhetho lomvoti inganika izikhululo zowiso-mthetho ezimelayo kodwa ngendleko yokuntsonkotha kolawulo. Ingxoxo phakathi kwe-FPTPPP ne-RCV ayiyonto nje elula; yingxoxo malunga nokuba yiyiphi idemokhrasi enokubekwa kwindawo yokuqala: ukugqibelela okanye ukuvumelana, ukuthamba okanye ukungazinziswa okanye ukudityaniswa. Olu hlalutyo lufuna ukuxhobisa abafundi ngolwazi ukuze benze loo ngxoxo ngokunelisa.

Isiphelo sendlela yokuqala: Ukusebenzisa intelekelelo kunye neziphumo zayo

Uvota lokuqala-uPast-the Post, okwaziwa ngokuba lilungu elinye lovota, yenye yezona nkqubo zokhetho ezisasazekileyo kwilizwe le-Anglophone. Indlela yalo engundoqo icacile: ilizwe okanye ummandla wahlulelwe ngokweziqithi eziyinxalenye enye, kwaye umvoti ngamnye uphosa ibhola enye kubameli. Umntu ofumana uvoti oluninzi kweso sikhundla. Akukho mfuneko yokufumana uninzi lwevoti; ubuninzi obulula baneleyo. Le ndlela isetyenziswa ngoku kunyulo lwemibanyuli besizwe kumazwe aquka iUnited States (ngendlu yabameli), uBukumkani base-United States, naseIndiya, njengemeko eninzi kunye noonyulo lwasekuhlaleni.

Isibheno se-FPTP silele kumgangatho wayo. Iivoter zifuna kuphela ukukhetha igama elinye. Ukubala kucace gca kwaye kukhawulezile, kusoloko kuvelisa iziphumo kubusuku bonyulo. Inkqubo yenza uqhagamshelwano oluthe ngqo phakathi kombutho nommeli wawo, olunokudala uxanduva lwemeko-buzwe. Ngaphezu koko, i-FPTPP ifuna ukuvelisa icandelo elinye lorhulumente, kwanaxa kungekho qela lizuza uninzi lwevoti ethandwayo. Olu nyuso lusoloko luchazwa njengoncedo olungundoqo, lunika umsebenzi wesigqeba abaphezulu ngaphandle kokwenza imfuneko yokuthetha ngeminqolaniso ekhawulezayo.

Ubuchule Bokubala Imibala Eninzi KwiFPTP

Kunyulo olusezantsi lwe-FPTP, isithili ngasinye sisebenza ngokwaso. Iibhola ziqokelelwa, ziqokelelwa, zibekwa emtshatweni, kwaye umbhaptizi onesigxina esiphezulu ubhengezwa njengomnqolobi. Kwizithili apho abathathu okanye abangaphezulu bekhuphisana, umnqobi angakhusela isihlalo ngenani elingaphantsi kwama-50 ekhulwini. Umzekelo, umvotisi angaphumelela nge 34 ekhulwini levoti yesithili ukuba isalama 66 pesenti yahlulwe phakathi kwababini okanye ngaphezulu. Le ngxaki iphakathi kuninzi lokugxeka okubekwe ecaleni kwenkqubo.

Ukumba Ubunzulu: Iingenelo ZeFPTP

Ngaphaya komgangatho ophezulu olulula, iFPTP inika iingenelo ezininzi zokwakha ezincedayo ukucacisa ukuzingisa kwayo.

  • [[NTL:0] Ugcino-lwazi oluqhelekileyo kunye noLayisho olusezantsi lweChoog Past: Isenzo sokuphawula u-X omnye kwibhola yolwaleko sifuna uqeqesho oluncinane. Oku kufumaneka kubaluleke kakhulu kubemi abanamanqanaba ahlukeneyo okufunda okanye ukuqhelana neenkqubo zokuvota. Imposiso ye- Voter kwisixokelelwano se-FPTP isezantsi kakhulu.
  • I-Intelliventi yobuNdoda: Kuba isithili ngasinye sikhetha ummeli omnye, abavoti bazi kakuhle ukuba ngubani oza kuba nomthwalo womsebenzi weqela kwimiba yasekuhlaleni okanye kumgangatho wesizwe. Akukho sizathu sididayo sokuba yeyiphi igosagosa-mthetho omele indawo enikiweyo yomhlaba.
  • Iziphumo ezicacileyo: Inkqubo yokubala yizibalo kune-ireditive. Akukho compuff ijikeleza, akukho mithetho-manani yokukhupha, akukho lindiswa kweebhola ukuba zithuthwe ngokoqobo kubalo oluphakathi. Le santya singabaluleka ekulondolozeni ulwelo lukawonke-wonke kwinkqubo yonyulo.
  • Ukusetyenziswa kweFringe Extremism: iFTP ephumeleleyo ithatha yonke indalo ngamandla idibanisa amaqela amakhulu ukuze azimise kufutshane nenxuwa lezobupolitika ukutsala umdibaniso onokubanzi. Abathathi-nxaxheba kwimiphetho basoloko bezama ukufumana intsalela kuba abanakuxhomekeka kwisiseko esikwisikhundla sokuzithwala ngemijikelo yokucima.

Ubuthathaka BeFPTP ObuyiNtlobano

Izithintelo zeFPTP zibaluleke ngokufanayo kwaye zibhalwe kakuhle. Abahlalutyi baphikisa ngelithi inkqubo igqwetha umelo kwaye inqanda umvoti ukuba athathe inxaxheba.

  • Ivoted Votes ne Seats Ezikhuselekileyo: kwisithili apho iqela elinye lilawula, abavoti baxhasa amanye amaqela ngokunempumelelo baphosa iivoti ezingezozidibanisi. Ezi "zivoti ezivoti" aziphembeleli isiphumo. Le ngxaki ixinezelekileyo ijika kwizihlalo ezikhuselekileyo, njengoko abavoti begqiba ukuba bathathe inxaxheba. Ngokutsho kuphando lweElectoral Reformation Society, kunyulo-201919, kunyulo jikelele lwe-UK, i-53% yevoti eziqikelelwa kumavoti aphulukana abavunyiweyo okanye kwizihlalo ezikhuselekileyo apho isiphumo sasisisiphelo se-eg.
  • I-Diffiotity kunye neManufectatement Majoni aphezulu: FP ityekele ekuveliseni ukungangqinelani okunzima phakathi kwesabelo seqela levoti ethandwayo kunye nesabelo salo sezihlalo zemithetho-mthetho. Iqela lingaphumelela uninzi olupheleleyo lwepalamente ngencinane njenge 35-40% yevoti yesizwe. Kunyulo jikelele ye-UK, iQela loMbutho lobunani elipheleleyo lizuze ama-51 ekhulwini ezithuba nge 37 ekhulwini kuphela levoti. Ngokuphikisana, amaqela amancinane axhaswa yinkxaso elizwe, njenge Liberal Democrates okanye i-Green, lamkela rhoqo ngezantsi kunezabelo ezirhobo ezirhoxiweyo.
  • Umthetho wokwenza i-Statuggic kunye noMgaqo-siseko: Le nkqubo yenza uxinzelelo olunamandla lwengqondo kwizixhobo, okanye uvote,. Abavocileyo abakhetha icandelo lesithathu lobhaptizo bangaziva benyanzelekile ukuvota icandelo elikhulu lokuthintela umchasi ongathandwayo. Le nkqubo inamandla, emiselwe ngusosayensi wezobupolitika uMaurice Duverger njengoMthetho kaDuverger, idla ngokudiliza ukhuphiswano kwisixokelelwano secandelo elibini elisukqiniswe ngexesha elingeli. Iivoter zikhatyiswe ithuba lokuveza ukhetho olunyanisekileyo lwecawayo encinane ngaphandle kokubeka engozini i-votiventi yabo.
  • Ukukhutshwa kwelizwi elincinane: IFP ilungelelaniswe phantsi kwemimandla esasazekileyo yamaqela amancinane ahlukeneyo (enokuba ngamaqela esizwe, imbono, okanye abemi. Iqela elibumba i10 ekhulwini labemi kwisithili ngasinye kumazwe angaphandle liza kufumana izihlalo ze-zero, ngeli lixa iqela elibumba ama-60 ekhulwini abemi kwimimandla elishumi liza kuphumelela kwezo zihlalo. Oku kungaphazamisa ubalo lolwahluzo lwemithetho yendlu yowiso-mthetho kunye neembono ezibalulekileyo.

Imisebenzi Yokukhetha Eshinyeneyo: Uboniso lohlobo lwe-Preference kunye neMajonity Mandates

Unyulo oludaliweyo lwe-RCV, olukwabhekiswa kulo njenge-Proney Runoff Voing (IRV) okanye uvota okhethayo, lunika enye indlela yokwakha eyenzelwe ukuthetha iintsilelo ezininzi ze-FPTPP. Kunyulo lwe-RCV, abavoti abathathi-nxaxheba ngokwendlela yokukhetha ibhola enye: ukhetho lokuqala, ukhetho lwesibini, ukhetho lwesithathu, njalo njalo njalo. Ukuba umvotesi wamkela uninzi lwevoti yokuqala, bafumana ngokuphandle. Ukuba akukho mba ufikela umgangatho omkhulu, inkqubo yokucima eqala iqala. Umvoti-ota omncinci uphethu ukhutshiwe. Umbano-vote uphelo lwesithathu. Ballots zikhutshelwe ngoko ukhetho olulandelayo. Le nkqubo iphinde igoqondwe ngomnye uninzi lwevotisolu.

I-RCV isetyenziswa kwinani elikhulayo lamagunya. I-Australia iye yasebenzisa uvotelo olukhethekayo kwiNdlu yabameli bayo ukususela ngowe- 1918. E-United States, iMaine yaba lizwe lokuqala ukwamkela i-RCV kunyulo lwezwe lonke ngo-2018, lilandelwa yi-Alaska ngo-2020. Izixeko ezinjengeSan Francisco, i-Oakland, iMinneapolis, neNew York City zisebenzisa i-RCV kunyulo lukamasipala. Le nkqubo iye yamkelwa nangamaqela amaninzi ezobupolitika kwimilo yolawulo lwangaphakathi.

Ubuchule Bokwandiswa Kwe-RCV

Umsebenzi wobugcisa we-RCV ufuna ulawulo olucoselelekileyo. Abalawuli bebhola bayilelwe ukuvumela abavoti baqeqeshi ukuba basuse. Kwiqela ngalinye abadwelise abatshali abadweli bemihlathi okanye amaqampu abhalwe njenge 1, 2, 3, njalo- njalo. Emva kokuvala, abaphathi bonyulo bavavanya zonke iibhola zomjelo kwaye benze umgama omde wezinto ezikhethwayo zokuqala. Ukuba akukho mtyali ugqithisa umqobo ongamashumi amahlanu eephe kancinci obekiweyo ucinezela ibhalo olukhethiweyo njengokhetho lwesibini.

Oku kujikelezisa okuzinzileyo kuntsonkothile kakhulu kunobalo olulula lweFPTP. Kufuna ukuba kubekwe phakathi okanye kuqwalaselwe i-software ukuqinisekisa ucoselelo. Noko ke, ngenxa yokuba inkqubo izenzekelayo kwaye inqanda ukonakalisa, iziphumo zisenokunikezelwa ngokukhawuleza kulawulo oluninzi, ngokufuthi ngemini okanye ezimbini zonyulo.

Inzuzo Yokhetho Oluqinileyo

Abaxhasi beRCV baphikisa ngelithi icombulula iingxaki eziliqela ezizingisileyo ezinxulumene neFPTP ngoxa ichaza iinzuzo ezintsha zedemokhrasi.

  • [[FLT: 0] Ukurhoxiswa kwesiphumo se-Spoolder: RCV ivumela abavoti ukuba baxhase inxenye yesithathu okanye abavoti abazimeleyo njengokhetho lwabo lokuqala ngaphandle kokoyika ukuba ivoti yabo iza kunceda ekunyuleni i-votice bayichase ngamandla. Ukuba ngaba i-'vote' yabo yokuqala ikhutshwe, ukudlulisela kwabo ibhayiselo kukhetho lwabo lwesibini. Oku kubangela ukuba "isiphelo" esisebenzayo esithwaxaba iincatha ibala phantsi kwe FPTPP, eyona idumileyo kwi-U.S. unyulo lomongameli eFlorida, apho uRalph Nader's Campliverivelvelv wabeks e-Alving e-Alving
  • Isiphumo soMphumelo soMqolo nokhetho lwe Voter: RCV iqinisekisa ukuba umvuzo owesiphelo ufumana inkxaso yoninzi lwabavoti abathatha inxaxheba kujikelezo lokugqibela. Oku kuphikisana kakhulu ne FPTP, apho abaphumeleleyo bangathatha iofisi nge-30% okanye ngaphantsi kwevoti kumasimi amaninzi. Ugunyaziso oluninzi lufaka umgaqo osemthethweni kulowo uphumeleleyo kwaye lunika isiseko sokhetho oluqinileyo lolawulo.
  • Ukuqinisekisa ukuhambela phambili kweCandelo Elifanelekileyo: Ngenxa yokuba abatshayeli kufuneka babhenele kwivoti ngaphaya kwesiseko sabo esifutshane ukukhusela ukhetho lwesibini nolwesithathu, RCV intlifinice amaqela okungajolisi kuhlaselo olungalunganga kwaye agxininise kakhulu ekuqiniseni imidibaniso ebanzi. Ababhexeshi abachasanayo bayazichasa abaxhasi babo, abanokuthi ngandle koko babeke izithuba kubo ngokwesibini. Uphando olusuka kuFairvote lubhale unciphiso olusebenzayo kwizibhengezo ezingalunganga kwizixeko zeRCV xa kuthelekiswa nezixeko zeFPPP.
  • Ithiwe yalahlwa iVotes kunye neTrivemoup ephezulu: Abavoloti bangaphosa ibhola yebhaso kumntu okhetheke ngokwenene ngaphandle kokuxhalatyiswa ku "kulahla" ukuvota kwabo. Le nkululeko yokuchaza idla ngokunyusa ukubotshelelwa kovotelwa nolwaneliseko. Uvavanyo lweRCV kunyuso lwezininzi ze-U.S. izixeko zibonise unyuko olubalulekileyo kuvotisi oluthelekisa ukurhoxiweyo lwe-FPTP, ingakumbi phakathi kwevoti encinane.
  • Indidi Ezithe kratya: RCV ihlisa umqobo wokungena kwabatshati abangaphantsi kwamaqela. Ngenxa yokuba inkqubo ayibohlwayi abavoti ngenxa yokuxhasa ibhinqa, umntu wombala, okanye ilungu leqela lohlanga njengendlela yokuqala yokukhetha, aba bathathi-nxaxheba bangangena kwimijaho ngaphandle kokungagunyaziswa. Ubungqina obusuka kwimithetho esetyenziswayo i-RCV bucebisa ukuba ikhokelele kwizisombululo ezininzi ezihlukeneyo zommeli.

Ucelomngeni Nokugxekwa Kwe - RCV

Phezu kwako nje amandla ayo, i-RCV ayingomntu ogxekwayo. Ukumkelwa kwayo kuxhathise kakhulu, ingakumbi eUnited States, apho amanye amagunya aye aphinda aphinda aphinda-phinda i-RCV emva kokusetyenziswa kwayo okokuqala.

  • Imposiso zeVoter Confsion and Ballot Yempazamo: Inkqubo ephezulu ayiqhelekanga kubavoti abaninzi. Kunyulo lokuqala lwe-RCV kulawulo olutsha, ipesenti yemposiso yebhola engaphezulu "ezilinganayo nezimbini ezinamanani afanayo okanye eziphumayo) ngamanye amaxesha ziye zaphakama kunyulo lwe FPPPP. Oku kubangela ukuba amaphulo emfundo evoti yovota abiza imali eninzi kunye nexesha eliphantsi kwe-. 2021 ye-composta yesixeko saseNew York, isikhulu sonyulo sonyulo se-RCV kwimbali e-U.S., yabona imposiso yenani elimalunga neshumi elinesibini lepesenti, nangona ezo mpazamo zalungiswa yi-vocatoconsolo.
  • Intlu-ntathu yolawulo nexabiso: RCV ifuna ukwenziwa komatshini wokuvota, oomatshini bokuvota abakwaziyo ukulungiselela ibhola eqeshiweyo, kunye ne-software yokuhambisa i-tab. Amanye amaziko anike ingxelo yeendleko ezandisiweyo ezinxulumene nokuthenga izixhobo ezintsha nabasebenzi boqeqesho. Inkqubo yokubala inokubazisa ulibaziseko lokugqibela lweziphumo, ukuphembelela inkohliso okanye ukungathembani kwimijaho ekufuphi.
  • [[FLT: 0] Ukudinwa okuqhutywayo nge Ranking: Kunyulo nabavoti abaninzi, abavoti bangaziva benyanzelekile ngokwemfuneko yokubahlela bonke. Amanye amagunya alinganisela inani lemigangatho (umz., ukhetho oluhlanu) ukuthomalalisa oku, kodwa lo mmiselo ngokwawo unokuba yindawo yempikiswano.
  • Inguqu yamandla okuhlaziya: Ngelixesha i-RCV inciphisa intshukumisa yokuphanga okunxulumene novoti, abavoti abantsonkothileyo bangaqhubeka bebandakanyeka kwihambo yobuchule. Umzekelo, umvoti angabeka umvoti obuthathaka kuqala ukukhuthaza ubalo lokuqala lwaloo mntu, enethemba lokuphembelela indlela yokukhupha. Esaziwa njenge "ukuvala," elicebo aliqhelekanga kwi-RCV kune FTPP kodwa lihlala liyinkxalabo ecacileyo.
  • I-Marlay Irlustration: I-"majority" efunyenwe kumjikelo wokugqibela we-RCV luninzi lwebhola ezihlala zisebenza, hayi uninzi lwabavoti ababhalisiweyo okanye kwanazo zonke iibhola ezijulwayo. Iibhola ezicima phambi komjikelo wokugqibela (ngokuba azibonisi kuthandeka phakathi kwabatsha abatsha abathathi-nxaxheba) zikhutshwa kwizibalo zokugqibela. Kwenye intlanga, umnqobileyo angafumana inkxaso enkulu kwimiba yesombululo sisonke.

Uhlalutyo lwetheko: FPTP vs. RCV Ngaphaya kwemilinganiselo yeQhosha

Uthelekiso olucwangcisiweyo lweFPTP neRCV lutyhila ukurhoxa okunentsingiselo okufuneka kuqwalaselwe ngenyameko.

Ulwandiso lomelo

Akunjalo nge-FPTP okanye nge-RCV, njengoko kuphunyezwe kwisithili esinye, yenzelwe ukufikelela umelo lolwahlulo. Zombini iinkqubo ezigqithiseleyo zimela amaqela amakhulu kwaye ngaphantsi kolwalathiso oluncinci. Noko ke, i-RCV ivelisa iziphumo ezidla ngokulinganayo kune-FPTPPP ngenxa yokuthunyelwa kwevoti kubavoti abasusiweyo. Phantsi kwe-FPTP, iqela eline-15 ekhulwini elixhasayo linokufumana izihlalo eziphantsi kwe-0. Phantsi kwe-RCV, elo qela linye lingaphumelela intlukwano yezihlalo ezininzi kwimimandla apho abatshati bayo bomelele ngokwaneleyo ukuze baphume kwimijikelo.

Inkululeko Nentetho Yesithonga

RCV inika abavoti amandla akhethekileyo achazayo. Umvoti angabonisa izinto ezikhethwayo ezingafaniyo ngapha kwabathathi-nxaxheba abaninzi, ibonakalisa imvume yabanye nokungavunyelwa kwabanye. FPTP inciphisa intetho yomvoti kwinketho yesibini enye. Olu mlinganiselo uqatha kwimo-mo yecandelo, apho umvoti angaxhasa iqonga elincinane kodwa akhethe iqonga elingundoqo leqela kwimiba yasekuhlaleni.

Ukuzinza kwenkqubo

I-FPTP ithanda ukuxhasa ukuzinza ngokudambisa ukwanda kwamaqela amatsha nokuvelisa icandelo elinye loorhulumente abaninzi. Olu luzinzo lunokuba lulunga ngamaxesha amanqam okanye xa kuyimfuneko isenzo sowiso-mthetho esinqila. Ngokwahlukileyo, i-RCV, iyasabela ngakumbi ekutshintsheni iinjongo zovoti kunye nokungavumelani kwemibutho emitsha yezobupolitika. Isenokuvelisa iindlu zowiso-mthetho ezahlukeneyo kunye nothelekelelo oluphezulu loorhulumente beqela, abathe abanye abajongi belujonga njengobuthathaka nabanye njengamandla.

Inkcitho kunye nokungafezeki

I-FPTP ayibizi mali ingako kwaye ilula ukuzalisekisa, ingakumbi ekuphuhlisweni kolawulo-melo okanye kwemithetho elawulayo enezikhundla ezilinganiselweyo. I-RCV ifuna izibonelelo ezithe chatha kunye nemfundo efuna umvoti. Iindleko zotshintsho ukusuka kwiFPTP ukuya kwi-RCV zingaba zineenkcukacha, kuquka izixhobo zokunyuswa, uqeqesho lwabasebenzi, kunye namaphulo okuqonda abantu. Ezi ndleko kufuneka zilinganiswe ngokuchasene neenzuzo zexesha elide elifanelekileyo lomelo nolwaneliseko lomvoti.

Ufundo lobeko lokwenene lwehlabathi: Izifundo Ezisuka Kuqheliselo

Ukuhlolisisa indlela iFPTP neRCV esebenza ngayo kunyulo lokwenene kunikela imbono exabisekileyo ngaphandle kokuthelekiswa nentelekelelo.

EKhanada: IFPTP Noncedo Lotshintsho

IKhanada isebenzisa i-FPTP kwiNdlu yayo yeZiko loNcedo. Kunyulo lwama-2019 kunye no-2021 lweSizwe samaZwe esingurhulumente saphumelela ubuninzi bevoti ethandwayo kodwa yahluleka ukuseka urhulumente kuba iLiberal Party yazuza ubuninzi bezihlalo. Le siphumo `a iphumelele olona voti kodwa hayi ezona zihlalo zingako zininzi", yazixhasayo ukuvota okungagqibelelisileyo. Iqela leLiberal ngokwalo lathembisa ukuguqula inkqubo yonyulo ngo 2015 kodwa lashiya isibambiso emva kokuphumelela isininzi phantsi kwemithetho yeFTPP. Imeko yaseKhanada ibonisa indlela i-FTPP enokuthi ivelise ngayo iziphumo ezingathi ziveliswe ngokungekho mgangathweni kwinxalenye yonyulo lonyulo-omatili, ukuthemba inkqubo yedemo-demo-demokhtiki.

IAustralia: Ibali lempumelelo leRCV elinde

I-Australia iye yasebenzisa ukuvota okukhethiweyo kwiNdlu yabameli ukususela ngo- 1918, inika inkulungwane yogcino-lwazi kwimisebenzi yomsebenzi we-RCV. Le nkqubo iyamkeleka ngokubanzi ngabavoti kunye namaqela ezobupolitika ngokufanayo. Abavoti base-Australia baqhele ukuphumelela izihlalo eziphezulu, kwaye amaqondo empazamo aphantsi ngenxa yamaphulo emfundo asungulwe kakuhle. Le nkqubo ivumele i-Australian Labor Party kunye neLiberal-Monal Coalition ukuba zihlale zikho ngelixa elilawulayo lokwakhozo, ngexesha kwakhona bavumela amaqela amancinane afana nama-Australia Greens afumana izihlalo xa inkxaso yasekuhlaleni inamandla. Unyulo lwe-RCV luvelisa unyulo oluqhelekileyo, nangona ukwakhiwa kwemibutho eliqhelekileyo.

Maine neAlaska: IRCV eUnited States

IMaine yaba luvavanyo lokuqala lwe-RCV yesizwe ekwamkeleni unyulo lwamaRiphabliki emva konyulo lwama-2016. I-Alaska yalandelwa ngonyulo olukhethekileyo oluphezulu-Four oludityaniswe ngeRCV jikelele. I-20222 e-Alaska yonyulo olukhethekileyo lweNdlu yaba luvavanyo oluphawulayo. Intsimi yeRiphabliki yabaquka ii-Democrates, enye ezimeleyo. Phantsi kwe-FPTPPP, iiRepublicrates zaziyahlula ivoti ekhethekileyo, zinokuvumela iDemocrat ukuba iphumelele ngobuninzi. Phantsi kovavanyo oluphambili lweRCV, isikhokelo seRCV sifumana kwakhona iinketho ezithandwayo zesibini zesibini, kunye nenye iziphumo ezithenjiweyo zeRCC. Oku kubonakalisa ukusombulula ingxaki engqindiswayo.

Ngaphaya Kwezibini: Ezinye Iinkqubo Ezisetyenziswa Ngaphaya Kweminye Imiqathango

Ngelixesha i FPTP ne RCV zimela iindlela ezimbini ezingundoqo zokungena, zikude lee kunezinye iindlela ezikhoyo. Ukuqonda umphakamo obanzi womhlaba okhethiweyo unika umongo obalulekileyo.

Ipropati yomelo (PR) iinkqubo, ezifana noLuhlu lweQela lePR kunye nolawulo olunye oludluliselweyo lwe-PR (STV), zijolise ekufakeni isihlalo sokudibanisa ukwabelana ngokusondeleyo. I-PR isetyenziswa kumazwe angaphezu kwama-80 ehlabathini lonke, kuquka ininzi yeYurophu kunye ne-Latin America. Ezi nkqubo zibonelela ngokuneecawa ezininzi kunye noorhulumente abangquzulaneyo, abanye abathi bangummeli abameleli kwaye abanye abaphikisani.

Iinkqubo ze-MEMber Proportionel (MMP) ezisetyenziswa eJamani, eNew Zealand, nakwezinye iindawo, zidibanisa imimandla enye enamalungu aphezulu alungelelanisiweyo nezihlalo eziphezulu ukulinganisa umelo nolungelelwaniso lwasekuhlaleni. I-MMP icetyiswe njengokhetho lotshintsho eKhanada nase-United Kingdom.

[[FLT: 0] Ukuvota nokukhupha intengo kunezinye iinkqubo ezivumela abavoti babonise inkxaso eninzi ngaphandle komgangatho. Uvotelo lwemvume lucela abavoti ukuba baqwalasele bonke abathathi-nxaxheba abafumana ulwamkelekileyo. Uvotelo lucela abavoti ukuba balinganise umndilili ngamnye kumlinganiselo wamanani. Ezi nkqubo zamkelwe ngamanani amancinci olawulo kodwa zihlala zifundwa kancinci kune FPTPP ne RCV.

Ushwankathelo olubanzi lwenkqubo zokhetho lwehlabathi lonke, i- International International Institute for Democracy kunye ne-Electoral help(IDEA) igcina isiseko sogcino-lwazi esineenkcukacha zokuthelekisa. Oothisha kunye nabaphandi bangajongana ne-ACE External Knetwork [ yokhokelo lobugcisa kunye nophando lobukhomba.

Isiphelo: Ukubaluleka Okuhlala Kukho Ngenxa Yoyilo Lobuchule

Ukhetho phakathi kwePast- Post neLanked Lorling asisiso isigqibo sobuchule solawulo. Lukhetho lwezopolitiko ngendlela amandla amele asasazwe ngayo, indlela abavoti abamele bamelwe ngayo, nohlobo lwedemokhrasi ibutho labantu elifuna ukwakhiwa. I-FPTP inika ubulunga bobulula, isantya, kwaye ithe ngqo ulawulo lwecandelo elinye lolawulo, kodwa ngexabiso lokuphosa ivoti, ukugqwetha umelo, nokukhuthaza ukuziphatha okubalulekileyo. I-RCV inika iziphumo ezichuliweyo, iziphumo ezininzi, kunye nezikhuthazo ezikhuthazayo, kodwa izisa ukuntlungela kolawulo kunye nemfuno eninzi efuna umvoti.

Akukho nkqubo inye elungileyo yokukhetha elungele zonke iimeko. Eyona ndlela ingcono ixhomekeke kwimpucuko yelizwe yezopolitiko, ubungakanani belizwe, ubuzwe, umahluko weengcamango, kunye nobuchule bobuzwe. Kubafundi nabafundisi, injongo ayikokuchaza inkqubo enye ephakamileyo emhlabeni wonke kodwa kukuqonda ukuphuma korhwebo nokubandakanyeka kwinkcazo esekelwe kubungqina malunga noko idemokhrasi imele ibujonge.

Njengoko uphando lwezigunyaziso ezingaphezulu neendlela zovota, isiseko sobungqina obugqithisiweyo siyaqhubeka sikhula. Iintlangano ezinjenge Fairvote zinika uphando oluqhubekayo kwiziphumo zeRCV esebenzayo, ngelixa [ i-Electoral Reformation Society [ inika uhlalutyo olubalulekileyo lweFPPP kunye nezikhombisi zayo. Iintsana ezixhotyiswe ngokuqonda okunentsingiselo yokuzinzisa ii-injinia zilungele iinkqubo ezihambelanayo kunye namaxabiso azo nokugcina aphendulekileyo. Ulwanocwangco-ccolor-colu lwama i-operalkst olulungele ukuyila ukwakhiwa kwamandla, nokuqonda luyiyokuqala ukuqhelanisa i-demodekhrasitiki.