Imeko Yezoqoqosho Yokuhlaziya Iinkqubo Zokwakha Amanzi

Isiseko somjikelo wamanzi siyila inkqubo yokujikeleza kwegazi kuyo yonke izoqoqosho zale mihla. Imibhobho, iziko lonyango, iimpompo, kunye nezixhobo zokugcina izinto ezingenisa ingeniso enye exhomekeke kuyo yonke ingeniso kunye nezorhwebo. Phezu kwayo nje le ndima isisiseko, uqoqosho nokwandisa ezi nkqubo azifumani ngqalelo lukhulu kunokutyalwa kwemijelo yeendlela, iibhulorho, okanye ububanzi bemida. Umsantsa phakathi koko kuchithwayo noko kufunekayo ukhule waba yibhiliyoni lewaka lezigidi zeda yemitha eneziphumo zeentsapho, amashishini, kunye noqingqo-mali karhulumente. Ukuqonda amandla oqoqo bemali emveliso yamanzi — kwaye iindleko zokungaphumeleli kwemisebenzi — kuyimfuneko kubenzi bemithetho, oomphathi bezixhobo, nabasebenzi bezoshishino-ogcushosho, kunye namaqabane abazimele-ogcuba.

Iimpahla zezibonelelo zamanzi zidla ngokuyilwa ubomi obude — iminyaka engama-50 ukuya kwikhulu yemibhobho kunye nee-apple. Kodwa iinkqubo ezininzi eUnited States kunye namanye amazwe aphucukileyo zakhiwa ngexesha lolwando lwasemva kwemfazwe phakathi kwenkulungwane yama-20 kwaye ngoku zidlule kakhulu kubude bobomi bazo. iMelika Society of Civil Enginers rhoqo] umgangatho womgangatho weU.S. umthamo wokusela amanzi, kunye nenkqubo yokulahla amanzi amda athengwayo zifumana rhoqo iziphumo ezifunekayo. Urhwebo olufunekayo ekunyuseni ezi nkqubo zihamba kumakhulu ezigidi zeerandidi. Ngaphandle kwesenzo esikhawulo, inani lezoqoqosho liya kunyuswa njengokhubazeko lwamanzi, ukuphelelwa kobunjani, kunye nolungiso lwexesha lokulungisa umgangatho woncedo oluphezulu oluninzi olunokunyuka ukunyuka kunexabiso lokunyuka kwemali.

Imiphumo Eninzi Yezoqoqosho Yokusebenzisa Amanzi

Uphando lwe-. Ukhuseleko lwendawo ayiyondleko nje kuphela — lukhuthazo lwezoqoqosho ngeziphumo ezinokusetyenziswa. Idola ngalinye elichithwa kulwakhiwo lwenkqubo yamanzi, ekulungiseni imo yesiqhelo, okanye kulwandiso lwamaza okukhula kwezoqoqosho. Uphando oluye lwenziwa yi-U.S. I-Arhente yoKhuselo lwendawo engqongileyo[ iqikelelwa ukuba i-$2,000 lamawaka ezigidi zeerandisstyrandityranti ezitheliswe kwimibhobho yamanzi ludala iifekthi eziphakathi kwe15 000,2,2,000 nemisebenzi engangqalanga ngqo nengangqalanga ngqo. Le misebenzi yokwakha, abanikazi bezixhobo, abanikazi boomatilo-menti. Ngokungafaniyo, imisebenzi emifutshane yexesha eli-omatilonti isoloko isebenza iminyaka emininzi, ilungiselela imisebenzi ehlala kwindawo yasekuhlaleni.

Ngaphandle komsebenzi othe ngqo, iinkqubo zamanzi eziphuculiweyo zinceda uqoqosho lwamanzi kuwo onke amacandelo. Abakhiqinisi badinga amanzi anokuthenjwa ekulungiseni, ekupholiseni, nasekucoceni. Izolimo zixhomekeke kwiinkqubo zokunkcenkceshela amanzi. Ushishino lobukrwada kunye noomatiloshe luxhomekeke kumanzi acocekileyo evenkileni, ehotele, nakwizixhobo zokuzonwabisa. Xa iinkqubo zamanzi zingaphumeleli — njengoko kubonwa ebudeni bonyaka wama-2014 wengxaki yamanzi eFlint okanye ngexesha lengxaki ebangelwa yimbalelaneyo eKhalifoniya — iziphazamisi-mali ezingundoqo zingakhula ngokukhawuleza. Ukuqhekeka komkhatho kungavala umzi - mveliso, ukunciphisa amaxabiso empahla, kunye nokwandisa iindleko ze-inshorensiverishorensi, ngokuhlisa ukwanda kokunciphisa uxinzelelo lwamanzi kunye nokuqina kokuphazamiseka komjikelo.

Ukulondolozwa Kwempilo Kawonke - wonke Njengoko Izoqoqosho Zibuya

Iinzuzo zezoqoqosho zezibonelelo zamanzi zidlulela ngqo kwimpilo kawonke-wonke. Amanzi akhuselekileyo akhusela izifo ezinjenge-cryposporidiosis, i-ocerose, kunye ne-hepatitis A. Iindleko zokunyanga izifo ezithwalwa ngamanzi — ukutyelelwa kwegumbi longxamiseko, ukuhlala ezibhedlele, ukuphelelwa yimisebenzi yemisebenzi yemisebenzi yemisebenzi enzima — zinkulu. Ngokwe- Izibini zokuthintela izifo zokulawula nokuthintela i-Dawula [[FLTLD:1], izifo ezibangelwa yi-akemishoni eUnited States], zibiza iindleko eziqikelelwa kwimali eziqikelelwa kwizigidi ezingamawaka ezingama-R3,8 zemali enkcureatting nemveliso yonyaka ngamnye. Ezininzi zezi meko zibonakala emva kokusasa kokwaluphala apho ugxube, uqhekezog, okanye ukusetyenziswa komfaniswa kwamanzi.

Enye intsebenziswano ephantsi yempilo-zoqoqosho ibandakanya ukuchanabeka kwelothe. Izigidi zemigca yenkonzo emidala eyenziwe ngokusetyenziswa kwelothe eqeleni elizweni. Ilead leaches ukuya kumanzi okusela, ibangela iingxaki zokukhula kolwazi kubantwana kunye neengxaki zentliziyo kubantu abadala. Ukutsala ingeniso ende yesikhokelo — incitshisiwe iIQ, ingeniso ephantsi kobomi bayo, kunye nexabiso lemfundo elikhethekileyo eliphezulu — iyamangalisa. CDC iziqikelelo zokuba yonke idola echithwayo ekulawuleni ingozi ibuyisela iinzuzo zempilo, ingeniso ye-Prounich, ingeniso, kunye nerhafuze irhasi. Imigca yenkonzo ephambili yokwandisa ingundoqo yemali.

Iindleko Zokulondolozwa Okungakhuselekanga: Ukuthembeka Okukhulayo

Ugcino-mali oludibanisa izibonelelo zamanzi lungabonakala lugcina imali ngexesha elifutshane, kodwa imbumba yexabiso ngokukhawuleza. Ii-mibhobho ezingacocwanga kwaye ezingaveli ziphuhlise ujikelezo kunye nomlinganiselo wemijelo, zinciphisa amandla okuhamba nokunyusa amandla. Izityalo zonyango ezithi zilibazise emva kokubuyisela izixhobo azisebenzi kakuhle kwaye zityekele kakhulu ekuqhawukeni. Ngoku iqaqaqa elincinci elishiweyo lingaba yingozi enkulu, izitrato eziphuphumayo, ihlisa izitrato, kwaye zifuna abasebenzi bongxamiseko-mali exabiso elikhulu. I-American Works Association yeMis i-ondss ithelekelela intengo engundoqo yezixhobo [ kwi-ULT]. U.S. Ngoku lidlula kunyaka ngamnye, libiza iibhili-000 ngonyaka, libiza iibhiliyo kuyo umonakalo ngqo namanzi.

Umgaqo wezoqoqosho “wokuhlawula ngoku okanye wokongeza emva kwexesha” usebenza ngamandla kwiinkqubo zamanzi. Ukulungiswa koncedo longxamiseko lwamanzi kuxabisa ii-R350 ukuya ku-R3 300 ngenyawo. Ukuphinda intloko ephukileyo kungagqitha kwi-R1,000 ngenyawo xa kusenziwa ubalo lokukhupha, ukumpompa, ukubuyiselwa kweendlela, kunye nomsebenzi womsebenzi owengeziweyo. Okubi nangakumbi, ukulungiswa kwexesha likaxakeka kunqabileyo kujongene nesizathu esiphantsi sokungaphumeleli — ipayipi iyaqhubeka ithoba kumacala ameleneyo, nto leyo ekhokelela ekungahambi kakuhle. Ubuchule obunye obusebenza kwizityalo zonyango: ukulondoloza izakhiwo ezithatha ixesha eli-5 ukuphinda-3 ukuya kumaxabiso okukhusela umsebenzi. Ngoxa uxinzelelo lohlalo lohlalo luqondakala, iziphumo ezinde zexesha elide ziyingozi kuluntu lonke.

Umhlawuli Welixa Nocelomngeni Lokungabi Namali

Kuomasipala abaninzi, amaxabiso otyalo-mali olunezibonelelo zamanzi agqithiselwa ngqo kubahlawuli bemali. Njengoko iinkqubo zihamba kunye neemfuno ezilawulayo ziqinisiwe, amaphepha amanzi anyuke ngokukhawuleza kunokwehla kwamaxabiso emali. Umlinganiselo wamanzi kunye nomthetho wokuchitha umphunga wenyanga eUnited States unyuke ngaphezu kwama-100 kwizixeko ezininzi ezinkulu. Oku kunokuyichaphazela ingeniso engafikelelekiyo yemali ehlawulwayo. Amanzi anokufumana ingeniso edityanisiweyo eninzi: kufuneka avelise imali eyaneleyo yokuxhasa imisebenzi emikhulu, ukanti kufuneka aqinisekise ukuba ingeniso esisiseko yemali yabo bonke abathengi. Oku kukhulu kukhulu kusemadolobheleni amakhulu abantu abahlala behla nakumafamanyuko amakhulu. Iinkqubo ezinika uncedo, iinkqubo zemali zelizwe, kunye neemali ezikumgangatho omgangatho oqoqo zivela ngokungena ncam, kodwa phantsi kwezoqoqosho zihlala kunzima.

Izixeko ezifana neDetroit neBaltimore zibonisa le ngxaki. Zigcina imibhobho emikhulu eneminyaka elishumi esetyenziswa kwisiseko esincinci sabahlawuli bomlinganiselo kunaxa iinkqubo zakhiwa. Ixabiso lecapita nganye yokubuyisela ezi zibonelelo liphezulu kakhulu. Ngaphandle koncedo — ukusuka kwimali ekhutshwayo yezorhulumente, inkxaso-mali yezezimali, okanye ikomkhulu labucala — ezi zixeko zisengozini yokungena kwinani elinyukayo, ukuvaleka okuphezulu, kunye nokuncipha kwemeko yenkqubo. Imali yezoqoqosho iphikisa yokusetyenziswa kwamaqumrhu esasazelela iziphumo zemali ezithe zaso kwizizukulwana nemithombo yenkxaso-mali.

Iimodeli zokuDala: Ukuxuba ikomkhulu likawonke-wonke nelabucala

INgxowa-mali yeSibonelelo samanzi yesithethe ixhomekeke kakhulu kumaqhina kamasipala, ukubuyisa imali karhulumente (SRFs), kunye nentlawulo karhulumente. INgxowa-mali yeManzi Acocekileyo kunye neNkxawaleko yokuNyusa i-Daiter State Revocoling, elawulwa yi-EPA, inika imali-mali-mboleko ephantsi kuluntu ukwenzela imisebenzi yamanzi. Ezi nkqubo zibonelele ukuba amakhulu ezigidi zeerandi ziphuculwe ukususela kuma-1980. Noko ke, inkcitho ephezulu kakhulu ekhoyo, kwaye amaqela amaninzi awakwazi ukuthenga kwaneemali emali yokuboletwa encinane. EPA's Cleac RF[F [FLTLD:1] inkqubo isoloko iveliswe ngaphezu koomati akhoyo.

Ukuvala izithuba, ulwahluko lwendlela yemali ephuculiweyo lufumene ulwahlulo. Umanyano lwePublic-equal [iiP3s] luvumela iifemu zabucala ukuba zixhase, zakhe, zisebenzise izibonelelo zamanzi phantsi kwezivumelwano ezinde. Iqabane lobuqu licinga ukuba lifumana umngcipheko wolwakhiwo kwaye lizisa iziphumo eziphezulu zexabiso le-efficiccies, ngelic, ngelixa i-onk secut equququzelela i-mali yemali nelolongo loluntu ngaphandle koqingqo-mali kawonke. Imizekelo iquka iTampa Bay Desiliation Prination, iKlifont, inkqubo yamanzi P3. Abagxeki abachani banyusa inkxam loncedo lwengeniso oluphezulu, kodwa oluphezulu lwezibonelelo-Pishore-oprotiestations.

Amaqhina aluhlaza avele njengesinye isixhobo esibalulekileyo. Ezi zixhobo zinyusa ikomkhulu ngokukhethekileyo ukwenzela imisebenzi eneengenelo zemekobume, njengokulondoloza amanzi, ulawulo lwamanzi oqhwithela, kunye nezibonelelo eziluhlaza ezifana neenqanawa ezinamacala enqanawa kunye nezitiya zemvula. Izinto ezininzi ezisetyenziswayo zamanzi zikhuphe amaqhina aluhlaza aqinisekisiweyo, kwaye imarike ikhula ngokukhawuleza. Abaxhasi bezoshishino befuna imekobume ebume, intlalo-ntlalo, kunye nolawulo lwe--- jiniza- , inkcitho yenzala yokhuphiswano. I-thsibosnities Inikeza imilinganiselo yokuxhasa amanzi.

Isiqinisekiso se-Loan kunye neenkqubo zokunyuswa kwemali yesiseko sombuso zeebhanki zinganciphisa iindleko zokuboleka kwimimandla emincinci netsala nzima. Ngokuxhasa amaqhina asekuhlaleni aqinisekiswe yizwe, ezi nkqubo zinciphisa umngcipheko ofunekayo kubanikeli bemali. [[FLT:] [FLT]] I-Infractive kunye ne-INVALTS (Umthetho we-IFIA) inkqubo enika uncedo lwetyala lwamazwe kwimisebenzi emikhulu yamanzi, efana nenkqubo yezithuthi ze-GIA. I-WFIA iyakwazi ukugqumela phezulu iindleko zeproject zeprojekthi ze-ogxampyubhu yoogxando oluphezulu lwe-omatika.[FIFA]

Uyilo loMgaqo-nkqubo kunye nokuzinziswa kweNgeniso

Ngaphandle kokufumana ikomkhulu, iziphakamiso-zixhobo kufuneka ziqinisekise ukuba umsinga wengeniso kwixabiso lolwanele noluqinileyo. Amaqondo omqulu wesithethe — apho abathengi bahlawula ngelitha ngalinye elisetyenziswayo — adala ukungazinzi kwengeniso ngexesha lokoma okanye ixesha elimanzi xa kusetyenziswa izinto ezingafaniyo. Ii-atroin ezininzi zale mihla ziyawalungisa kwakhona amaxabiso enkonzo asisigxina aquka ukugubungela iindleko ezizinzileyo ezifana nokusetyenziswa kwamatyala kunye nokuhlaziywa kwezixhobo zokuxhasa ingeniso, kunye nezixhobo zokuxhasa ingeniso ezahlukahlukeneyo ezifunekayo kuphela ekusebenziseni iinkqubo zokusebenza nokulungisa amakomkhulu. Ukongeza, inkcitho yamanzi athe ngqo efumaneka kwimibhobhobho efumaneka kwindawo engaphezulu ekwindawo eshushu, esoloko ifunyaniswe kukusela amanzi kunye nenkunkuma esetyenziswa kukwaluphalayo.

Indima yogcino-lwazi, ulawulo olusemgangathweni, kunye nobugcisa

Ukuphucula uphuhliso lwezibonelelo zamanzi akukokufumana imali eninzi kuphela — kukusebenzisa imali ekhoyo ngobulumko ngakumbi. Njengocwangciso uqheliso lolawulo olunokubaluleka kakhulu kunye nokuphakama kwempahla ye-risk lunganwebisa ubomi besixokelelwano kwaye lulibazise utshintsho olukhulu. Ubugcisa bokujonga imeko — njengokuvulela umbane, CCTV, kunye neziva-mvo zemibhobho ephambili zodolo-mbhe — zivumela izithintelo ukuphawula amacandelo athile afuna ukulungiswa, kunokubuyisela indawo epheleleyo yonikezelo. Inkqubo e-EPA'SCremoteorgioser [ ikhuthaza ukusetyenziswa kogcino-data, kunye neziva-mvo zomsebenzi olungele ukulungisa ikomkhulu kunye nokusebenza.

Izibonelelo ezingaphezulu (MAMI) zinika ugcino-lwazi olupheleleyo kwiipateni zokusebenzisa amanzi, lunika ubhaqo lokwenene lwexesha lokuvuza kunye nemfuno engcono yokuxela kwangaphambili. Izixhobo ezithi zamkela i-AMII zinika ingxelo yonciphiso olubalulekileyo kumanzi angengolulo lwamaxesha aphezulu (amanzi alahlekileyo okanye angabhalwanga). Kwinkqubo ezininzi ezindala, amanzi angangeniyo angaphezulu kwe-30% yemveliso iyonke. Ukuhlisa isantya selahleko kwisiqingatha sengeniso yonyaka enokuvelisa ingeniso ephinda iphinde iphinde iphinde ihambe. Ukuhla kweminxeba yamanzi axhasa iimodefidi ezisebenzayo ekunikezeleni nokuphuculwa kwezoqoqosho.

Ubukrelekrele bokwenza umatshini nokufunda kungena kwicandelo lamanzi. Ii-algorithim zoqikelelo ziyakwazi ukuhlalutya ugcino-lwazi lwembali loqhawulo, izinto zombhobho, iimeko zomhlaba, kunye neempawu zokuhamba ukuze kufikiswe ukungaphumeleli kokunokwenzeka. Ubuchule bokusebenza bungacwangcisa ukubuyiselwa kwemibhobho ebuthathaka, ukuphepha iindleko zongxamiseko kunye nokuncitshiswa kokuphazamiseka komsebenzi. Ezi zixhobo zisentsha ngokunxulumene, kodwa abaxhasi bakuqala banikela ingxelo yokuhlawula ixesha elingaphantsi kweminyaka emibini ekutyalisweni kwabo. Utshintsho lwemichiza kumandla ombane omeleleyo nanjengoko kunyuka kwamandla ezinto ezivakalayo.

Uhlolisiso Lwemeko: Ukwakhiwa Kwezinto Eziluhlaza Njengendlela Yoqoqosho

IGreen Infrapublicature yesiXeko saseNew York inika umzekelo onyanzelisayo wokwenziwa kolungiso lwezoqoqosho kushishino lwamanzi. Ijongene nemfuneko yokulawula ukuchitheka komjelo odibeneyo (CSOS) ongcolisa amanzi amdaka ngexesha lemvula enkulu, isixeko sinokuba sakha amatonela amakhulu amakhulu angaphantsi komhlaba kwixabiso elimalunga ne-$6 bhiliyoni lezigidi. Endaweni yoko, yakhetha indlela entle yomgangatho oluhlaza: uphahla, iindleko olulungeleleneyo, iintsinga zemvula, nezinye izibonelelo eziluhlaza ezithi zifumana amanzi ashushu apho awela khona. I-acrobithi yexabiso elimalunga ne-R3,4 yezigidi, kunye neemali ezongezeleyokunye ingeniso, umgangatho womoya ophucukileyo. Ukulawula, kuqwalalw'i-ne, kuqwayimo lwe-NYC, ukusetyenziswa kwe-SC yeNvironty, imotences. Impumelelo yemali elona impumelelo elungele ukusetyenziswayo.

Ezinye izixeko, kuquka iPhiladelphia, iWashington D.C., neSeattle, zimisele iinkqubo ezifanayo. Ukusetyenziswa kwezibonelelo eziluhlaza kuhambelana nendlela yolawulo lwempahla: ukuveliswa kwexabiso lemali elincinane elisasazwayo, kwimilinganiso emincinci yekonkrithi, ephakathi. Ezi misebenzi idla ngokutsala imisebenzi yokwakha yasekuhlaleni, ifuna amandla amancinci okusebenza, kunye nokunyusa ulungiso lwezoqoqosho, olulinganiswe ekuphepheni umonakalo, ukunciphisa iindleko zonyango, kwaye olunyuse ukusetyenziswa kwe-livation, ngokufuthi kugqitha kwezo zezixhobo zokwakha eziqhelekileyo.

Imali elondolozwayo elondolozwayo

Ukuvala isithuba soshishino lwamanzi, abenzi benkqubo kufuneka benze kwimisebenzi emininzi. Okokuqala, ukwabelana kwemiqathango yamanzi echithwe, eye yancipha ukusuka malunga nama-30% kwii-70% ukuya ngaphantsi kwe-10% namhlanje, kufuneka kwandiswe ngendlela enikezelweyo nenokuqinisekiswe ngayo. Iprojekthi yokwethula nokunika uncedo kufuneka inyuke kwaye idityaniswe ngokungqalileyo yimiqathango yoluntu enemali eninzi.

Okwesibini, urhulumente kunye noorhulumente basekuhlaleni kufuneka bamkele i-plugrafi yemali epheleleyo[ ukwenzela iinkonzo zamanzi. Nangona kunzima ngokwezobupolitika, ukukhupha okubonisa ixabiso lexesha elide lokuhambisa amanzi — kuquka ukubuyisela ikomkhulu, imisebenzi, kunye nempembelelo yemekobume yendalo — kuthumela uphawu olufanelekileyo lwezoqoqosho kubathengi nakumnikezi. Iindawo eziphantsi kwengeniso zingaxhaswa ngengeniso eziqhelekileyo kunokuba zigqwethe amazinga amanzi. Amanzi asoloko ephantsi kwemipu, akhokelela ekusetyenzisweni ngokugqithisileyo naphantsi kwemiqathango.

Okwesithathu, ukuhlanganiswa kwamanzi amancinci, ahlukeneyo kungafumana uqoqosho lomlinganiselo onokwenza utyalo-mali lube lufikeleleka. Kumaphondo amaninzi, amawaka ezinto ezincinane ezisebenzisa utyalo-mali asebenza kuphela ngamakhulu ambalwa abathengi. Abaswele isiseko serhafu, umhlawuleli wemali, kunye nabasebenzi bobugcisa bokwenza iinkqubo zabo zibe zezi mini. Ukulungelelanisa okanye unikezelo lwamanzi oluninzi lunganciphisa iindleko zemali zemali zemali kunye nokuphucula ukuthembeka komsebenzi.

Okwesine, ukudibanisa izibonelelo zamanzi nokusebenzisa umhlaba, ezothutho, kunye nokucwangcisa amandla. Umsele omnye othwala imibhobho yamanzi ungangenisa iintsontelo zentsimbi ezibanzi kunye neejelogu zombane, ukunciphisa iindleko zokumba. Ulwakhiwo lokwakha esitratweni kufuneka luquke nezona zingeniso zamanzi zingundoqo. Ucwangciso lwekomkhulu phakathi kwamaqumrhu lunyusa ukubuya kwezoqoqosho okuchithwayo. Oomasipala abaninzi bahamba besiya kwiindlela ezidibeneyo, kodwa iqumrhu le propati linqanda ukulungelelanisa ukulungelelanisa.

Isiphumo: ukunyuswa kommposo emanzini kungenisa iNgqotho kwi-Economic Resilienc[[FT:0]e

Uqoqosho lwezibonelelo zamanzi lucacile: ukusetyenziswa ngokunempumelelo ekuhlaziyeni nokuzinzisa kwale mihla kunika imbuyekezo eninzi nenokuhlawuleka. Oku kubuya kuyindlela yexabiso eliphephekayo, imali egciniweyo yempilo kawonke-wonke, ukudalwa komsebenzi, kunye nokuxhaswa kwezoqoqosho. Okunye — okuqhubekekisiweyo — kukhokelela ekunyuseni iindleko zongxamiseko, ukuhlenga kwamanzi, ukukhubazeka kwezoqoqosho, nokungalingani okuphezulu. Ukukhetha akukho phakathi kokuchitha imali emanzini okanye ukuyilondoloza. Kuphakathi kokusebenzisa ngobulumko namhlanje okanye ukunyanzelwa ukuba uchithe imali eninzi kamva, ngaphandle kokulawula kakhulu iziphumo.

Ingingqi ezijonga ixesha elide, ukwamkela ulawulo lwezakhono, ukuxhathisa ukuxubana kwemali kawonke-wonke kunye neyobuqu, kunye nokudibanisa ubugcisa bezi mini, ziya kubekwa ngcono kumashumi eminyaka angaphambili. Izibonelelo zamanzi azingocelomngeni lobugcisa okanye lobunjineli nje kuphela — lukhetho lwesiseko somgaqo-nkqubo wezoqoqosho. Ukuqondwa okukhulayo kweli tyala, kudityaniswe nemali ekhoyo engokoburhulumente kunye nokuphuhliswa kwecandelo labucala, kuya kunika ithuba lokutshintsha iprojelo. Ifestile yokusebenza ngoku; iindleko zokulibazisa ziya kunyuka kuphela. Ngenxa yempilo kawonke, ukuzinziwa koqoqo, nokulondolo lwemekobume, kufuneka kwenziwe — kwaye kufuneka kwenziwe ngokufanelekileyo nangempumelelo.

Oorhulumente, oomatshini abasebenza kunye necandelo lobuqu banembopheleleko yokwakha inkqubo yamanzi eza kuxhomekeka kuyo ngomso. Ngoqoqosho olucacileyo, inkqubo ecacileyo, kunye nokuzibophelela okuqhubekayo, ukuqukuqela kwamanzi acocekileyo abangela impumelelo kungaqhubeka kungaphazamiseki kwizizukulwana ezizayo.