Ukwazisa: Uhambo Lwakho Lwebhola

Xa uvota ngomhla wokhetho, uthatha inxaxheba kwinkqubo yedemokhrasi esisiseko. Kodwa isenzo sokuvota sisiqalo nje sothotho olucwangcisiweyo lwezinyuso eziguqula abantu ngabanye babe ngabaphumelele abavunyiweyo kunye notshintsho loxolo lwamandla. Abemi abaninzi baqhelene nesenzo sokuvota ngokwaso, kodwa amacandelo alandelayo ```ukulungisa i-ballot', ukuqinisekisa, ukubhalisa, nokugcina i-cream'. Ukuqonda le nkqubo akulwakhi unyulo kuphela lwengqibelelo kodwa kulungiselela ixesha lokuvota.

Uhambo lwebhola yakho yebhola yentsimbi yenzelwe ukuba ibonakale, iphicotheke, kwaye ikwazi ukumelana. Ibandakanya imaleko emininzi yokukhangela, ukusuka kwimimandla yasekuhlaleni ukuya kumagunya omgangatho karhulumente nakwikoleji yekomkhulu, iElectoral. Eli nqaku linika iinkcukacha, inyathelo-imboniselo ngoko kwenzekayo emva kokuvota, ukususela kwixesha lokuvota kufutshane nolawulo olutsha.

Phase 1: Ungqubano lokuvala nothutho lwebhola olukhuselekileyo

Inyathelo lokuqala elibalulekileyo emva kokuba uhlolo lugqibile alibaleki. "ukukhusela amavoloti". Amagosa okhetho kwindawo nganye alandela iinkqubo ezingqongqo zokuvala oomatshini bokuvota okanye iibhokisi, alungelelanisa inani labavoti nenani leebhola ezikhutshwe, kwaye alungiselele zonke izinto zokuthutha. Le nkqubo isoloko iqwalaselwa ngabameli abavela kuwo omabini amaqela amakhulu kunye nabezo iisibonisi sonyulo.

  • [[Ukhetho:0] Uxolelwaniso olukhoyo: Abasebenzi bemposiso baqinisekisa ukuba inani lebhola lilingana nenani labavoti abatyikityelweyo.
  • Ukutywinwa kwe-Ballot kunye netsheyina lokugcina inzala: Zonke iibhola, nokuba liphepha okanye li-elektroniki, zivalelwe kwizikhongozeli ezibonisa utshintsho, kwaye ukudluliswa kwazo kuwiswa.
  • Izithuthi zokulungisa: iiBallots zisiwa kwindawo yokubala esembindini, ngokufuthi ngamagosa amabini amaqela ahlukeneyo, ukuthintela ukuphazanyiswa.

Kumazwe asebenzisa oomatshini bokuvota be-elektroniki, amakhadi enkumbulo okanye ii-USB eziqulathe iivoti zivalelwe ngokufanayo kwaye zithuthwe. Ingqibelelo yale tsheyina yezothutho lisetyeni lokhuseleko lonyulo, njengoko ichazwe yimikhwa engcono yolawulo lwezinyulo efana neKhomishini yoPhuhliso yeNkqutyana.

Yonke inkqubo ibhalwe ngemikhondo yamaphepha kwaye isoloko ihlala ingena ukuze ibonakale. Nayiphina imvukelo kwinkqubo ingabangela ukuba isalathisi sithathe eli nqanaba okanye siphande, sigxininise indlela amagosa onyulo athatha ngayo eli candelo.

Phase 2: Uqhubekeko lwebhola nokuqinisekiswa

Xa amavoti efika kumbindi wobalo oluphakathi, angena kumgangatho woqinisekiso. Eli nyathelo liqinisekisa ukuba ibhola nganye iphoswe kakuhle kwaye akukho nkohliso okanye ukuvota okuphindaphindiweyo kubalwa. Iindlela ezizizo zohluka-hlukeneyo ngokombuso nangolawulo, kodwa imigaqo yesiseko ibanzi jikelele.

Uqinisekiso lotyikityo (lweposi- ngaphakathi iibhola)

Kwiposi- kwivoti, abasebenzi bonyulo bathelekisa utyikityo kwimvulophu yebhola notyikityo kwifayile ukusuka kubhaliso lomvoti. Le yinkqubo yencwadi, idla ngokuphinda-phindeneyo. Ukuba utyikityo lubonakala lungahambelani, umvoti unikwa ithuba "ugcino" ibhola yokunika uqinisekiso olongezelelweyo. Eli "lixesha lokuzigcina" lihlukile ngohlobo //onye bavumela iintsuku eziliqela emva kosuku lokhetho, loxa abanye belufuna phambi kokucima.

Imvulophu yokuvula nokuChuzula

Emva kokuqinisekisa, iimvulophu zivulwe ngokwemikro. Imvulophu yemfihlo equlathe ibhola yovoti yahlulwe kwimvulophu yokhetho, ukuqinisekisa ukuba ivoti ihlala ingaziwa. Iibhola zibekwa zize zibekwe ukuba zijongwe okanye zibalwe. Kumacala aphezulu esandi, iimvulophu ezivulweyo ezicacisiweyo kunye nomatshini abacazululayo bayenza ngokukhawuleza le nkqubo xa begcina itsheyina lentolongo.

Isisombululo sebhola elungiselelayo

Iivoti ezilungiselelweyo ziphoswa ngabavoti abathi ukusetyenziswa kwabo kuthandazwe ngomhla woNnyulo (ngokomzekelo, ukuba abakho kwiiroli okanye abasweleyo i-ID. Emva konyulo, amagosa onyulo aphengulula umgangatho wovoti ngamnye. Ukuba umvoti ufunyaniswe ekulungele, i-colotor yawo ibalwa. Ukuba akunjalo, ibekelwe ecaleni kwaye ayiqukwanga kubude bokugqibela. Le nkqubo ithatha iintsuku okanye iiveki kwimiqathango emikhulu.

Imo yoqinisekiso kulapho isantya seziphumo siqala khona ukuntywilisela phakathi kwebala lenqanawa. Amanye amazwe avumela ukwenziwa kwasekuqaleni kweposi ebhaloti phambi koSuku Lokhetho, ngelixesha amanye aqala emva kohlolo. Lo mahluko kungenxa yokuba ezinye iingxelo zelizwe ziphumeza ngokukhawuleza nezinye zithatha iintsuku.

Ibhabhathane Lesithathu: Ukulinganisa Ibhanile — Izixhobo Zomsebenzi

Ngezivoteli eziqinisekisiweyo, ubalo oluqalayo. Unyulo lwangoku lusebenzisa indlela exubileyo: iibhola ezinamaxwebhu zixilongwa nge-optics ezivota nge-electal. Iphepha ligcinwa njengengxelo yokoqobo yokuphicotha nokubala.

Iinkqubo zokuvelisa iskeni sokubona

Ulawulo oluninzi eUnited States lusebenzisa iindlela zokuvavanya ioptic. Voters ziphawula iibhola zomnqongo wephepha, ezithi zifakwe kwinqanaba elifundwayo elifunda iimpawu kwaye libhale iivoti. Ezi nkqubo zikhawulezayo/a iscanner enye ingaqhuba ngamakhulu ebhola ngeyure. Iziphumo ezisuka kwi scanner nganye zibekwa kwisiseko sedata esisembindini, ngokufuthi kwinethwekhi engadiniswanga kwi Internet ukunqanda ukuhlasela kwe Internet.

Inani Lezithuba

Ukubala izandla kusasetyenziswa kwezinye iindawo ezincinci kunye nendlela yokhuselo. Kuthatha kancinci kwaye kungenisa umsebenzi onzima, kodwa kunika uvavanyo oluthe ngqo lomntu kwiziphumo ze-elektroniki. Ngokufota, ukubala izandla ngumgangatho wegolide wokuqinisekisa ukuchana. Ixesha elifunekayo lokubala izandla linguthunywa obalulekileyo wesizathu sokuba ezinye iintlanga zithathe iiveki ukugqiba.

Oomatshini bombane (Oomatshini)

Oomatshini boshicilelo olungqalileyo lwe-Electronic (DRE) bavumela abavoti ukuba bafake ibhola yabo yokhuseleko ngombane ngaphandle kwerekhodi yephepha. Ngokwalo nyaka baninzi abalawuli abafuna umkhondo wophicotho-zincwadi (VVVPAT). Iivote zigcinwe kwinkumbulo yangaphakathi yomatshini kwaye kamva zifakwe kubalo olusembindini. Oomatshini be-DRE bathanda ukubuzwa ngenxa yenkxalabo yokhuseleko, kodwa basasetyenziswa malunga nekota yobalo lwama-USS.

Nakanjani na indlela, inyathelo ngalinye lokubala lixhomekeke ekuqwalaselweni nasekuphicothisweni. Iteyibhile yee-awunti zolawulo, ii-odoli zokhuseleko, kunye nokujongwa kwevidiyo zisesikweni kumasebe angoku. Kwinkcukacha ezininzi zobugcisa bokuvota, i- i-Veragetified Voting Foundation[ igcina isiseko esifanelekileyo sezixhobo ezisetyenziswa kulo lonke ilizwe.

Icala 4: Ilaphu leseyile, imiphicotho-zincwadi, kunye neMicimbi yeNkcubeko

Emva kobalo lokuqala, iziphumo azikabikho semthethweni. "icanvas" yi-gosa elisemthethweni, uhlolo olucokisekileyo lokubuyiselwa konyulo. Yinkqubo equka ukuqinisekisa amanani okuvota, ukuqinisekisa ukuba zonke iibhola zibhalelwe, kwaye kuconjululwe nakuphi na ukungangqinelani. Amalaphu eseyile enziwa liphondo okanye yibhodi yonyulo, hayi ngamaqela okhetho.

Isalathisi somsebenzi

Uninzi lwamaxwebhu aphethe imida yomngcipheko wophicotho-zincwadi (RLA) emva kwelaphu leseyile. I-RLA ibandakanya ukukhangela ngezandla isampuli yephepha elingumzekelo ngokuchasene nomgama wevoti ye-elektroniki. Ukuba isampuli ihambelana nomda wezibalo wentembelo, unyulo luyaqinisekiswa. Ukuba iimPateni zifunyenwe, ulwandiso lwe-Picial de ucoselelo lwezolwazi luqinisekiswe. I-RL ithathwa njengomlinganiselo wegolide wonyulo lwengqibelelo kwaye inconyelo inconywa yi- National Institute of the customments and Techology [[FLT]]

Umzekelo Wolwazi

Ucalucalulo aluzenzekelanga. Lubangelwa ziimeko ezithile, ezifana nomda woloyiso ongaphantsi kwepesenti yomda (ngokufuthi 0.5% okanye 1%) okanye ngesicelo esivela kumntu oza kubhatala isalathisi. Iingxelo zingagcwala (zonke iibhola zibalwa kwakhona) okanye zichazwe (kuphela amabala akhethekileyo). Ingxelo ingasebenzisa indlela efanayo yokuhlola okanye ukujika ukubala ngesandla, kuxhomekeke kumthetho wombuso.

Izixhobo zeseyile kunye nethuba lokubala yeyona nxalenye inika ixesha elininzi yenkqubo yonyulo. Iintlanga ezinkulu azisoloko zinconywa ngaphambi kweveki emva koSuku lonyulo, kwaye zidla ngokuthatha iiveki ezimbini okanye ngaphezulu. Unyulo lomongameli wama-202020, umzekelo, lwalungabizwa ngeendlela ezinkulu zokuchola iindaba de kube iintsuku ezine emva koSuku loNnyuso, kodwa isiqinisekiso sathatha iiveki eziliqela ngenxa yophicotho, uthelekiso, kunye neengxaki zomthetho.

Ipase 5: Ukuqinisekiswa kweziphumo

Iziqinisekiso kukugqibela okusemthethweni kweziphumo zonyulo. Yenziwa ziziqu ezahlukeneyo kwimigangatho eyahlukeneyo: iibhodi zasekuhlaleni eziqinisekisa iziphumo zesebe, iibhodi zephondo eziqinisekisa iziphumo zephondo, kunye neebhodi zikarhulumente eziqinisekisiweyo kwiziphumo zelizwe lonke kunye norhulumente. Esi siqinisekiso sidla ngokubakho ngomhla omiselwe ngumthetho karhulumente, ngokufuthi kwisithuba seeveki ezimbini ukuya kwezine emva koSuku loPhuhliso.

Ukuqinisekisa ngenqanaba likarhulumente

Igosa eliyintloko lonyulo lorhulumente (ngokuqhelekileyo unobhala welizwe) uhlola uhlaziyo lwengingqi, ucombulula nayiphi na imiba eseleyo, kwaye imiqondiso yesiqinisekiso sokunika isiqinisekiso. Kunyulo lomongameli, esi satifiketi sidwelisa abanyuli abaza kumela urhulumente kwiKoliji ye-Electoral. Olu xwebhu ngoko luthunyelwa kuMlawuli wesizwe noLawulo.

Unyulo Oluvavanyiweyo Nocelomngeni Olusemthethweni

Ukuba umvotelwa uxambulisana neziphumo, bangafaka ityala kwinkundla yetyala okanye yesizwe. Ucelomngeni olungokwasemthethweni kufuneka luchaze izinto ezingaqhelekanga, hayi nje umnqweno wokubhukuqa isiphumo. Iinkundla zingayalela ukubala, zingafaki ngxelo, okanye kwiimeko ezinqabileyo, umyalelo wonyulo olutsha. Noko ke, ucelomngeni luconjululwa kakuhle phambi kommiselo wesiqinisekiso. Ucwangciso olusemthethweni lonyulo lulawulwa yimimiselo yorhulumente kunye nomthetho wequmrhumo uKwelo loMgaqo-mthetho wobupolisa i-mali .

Xa isayiniwe isatifiketi, iziphumo zithathwa njengegunya. Uwonke-wonke ungafumana ivoti epheleleyo eqinisekisiweyo nge-webhsayithi yonyulo karhulumente. Kweli nqaku, eendaba zidla ngokuqwalasela ugqatso "obizwa" (nangona iintlanga ezininzi zibizwa ngaphambili ngokusekelwe kwiintelekelelo, ezo zixelo azingomthetho).

6 Ikholeji ye-Electoral (Izinyulo ezi-Presidenties

Kunyulo lomongameli, ukubhalisa akwaba sinyathelo lokugqibela, ``iElectoral College' idibana ukuze ifake iivoti ezinyulwa ngumongameli nesekela lomongameli. Le nkqubo idla ngokungaqondwa kakuhle kodwa igunyaziswe ngumgaqo-siseko.

Ukhetho Lwesikere

Umbuso ngamnye unenani labanyuli elilingana neqela labo elipheleleyo labathunywa (indlu + iCamelo). Iqela lezobupolitika lomvoti ophumelele kwivoti ethandwayo kwilizwe likhetha abanyuli (iimeko ezininzi zisebenzisa inkqubo yokuphumelela; iMaine ne Nebraska zisebenzisa inkqubo yolungelelwaniso). Ababhexeshi bangamaqela anyanisekileyo kwaye bakhethwa phambi konyulo.

Ukudibana Kwabacuphi

NgoMvulo wokuqala emva koLwesithathu lwesibini ngoDisemba (umiselwe ngumthetho wesizwe), abavoti bahlanganisa kumakomkhulu abo esizwe. Baphosa amavoti amabini: elinye elo lomongameli elinye elo lelosekela lomongameli. Amavoti ayatyikitywa aze athunyelwe kuMongameli weBhunga (uMongameli) nakuMzinzo weSizwe.

I-Congress

NgoJanuwari 6, iBhunga lihlanganisa intlanganiso edityanisiweyo ukubala amavoti. UMongameli onguMongameli onguMongameli weNdlu yeeNdlu yeeNdlu. Ukuba kukho naziphi na iziphazamiso eziphakanyiswayo, iNdlu neNdlu yeNdlu kufuneka zivume ukuxhasa ukulwa--.-le nkqubo yacaciswa ngu-Electoral Count Reformation Act ka-2022. Umvoti onamavoti angama-7077 ovoti uvakalisiwe njengomongameli-mkeli.

Le nkqubo yenyathelo levoti edumileyo (ngeziphumo zonyulo oluvunyiweyo) elandelwa yivoti ye-Electoral College yenzelwe ngokucacileyo ukulinganisa imeko kunye nezilangazelelo zikarhulumente kunyulo lomongameli. Ukuntywila nzulu, ugcino-gcino lwelizwe lunika ukhokelo olunegunya.

Uloyiso 7: Ukutshintsha Kwegunya Ngoxolo

Xa iziphumo zonyulo ziqinisekisiwe kwaye iElectoral College igqitywe, inkqubo yotshintsho iyaqalisa. Oku kudla ngokuthathwa njengelona xesha libuthathaka kumjikelo wonyulo lwedemokhrasi, njengoko ibandakanya ukufuduka kulawulo oloyisiweyo ukuya kolutsha.

Ucwangciso loTshintshiso

EUnited States, inkqubo yotshintsho imiselwe ngokusemthethweni nguMphathiswa woMphathiswa weNguqulo. Ulawulo oluququzelelayo lunika intsebenziswano emfutshane, isithuba seofisi, kunye nokufikelela kumaqumrhu akhoyo eqela. Oku kuceba kudla ngokuqala iinyanga phambi konyulo, kodwa emva kwesiphumo sonyulo sicacile, iqela lenguqulelo lifumana ukufikelela okupheleleyo. ISebe leNguqulo-mali elilawulayo (GSA) lidlala indima engundoqo ngokusesikweni "ukuqinisekisa" umnqobi ocacileyo, ovula oovimba borhulumente bokuguqula oku.

Usuku lokuHlakulelwa

NgoJanuwari 20 emini emaqanda, umongameli ugqibile ukuba asebenze. Isifungo seofisi silawulwa nguMgwebi oyintloko weNkundla Ephakamileyo. Ukudluliswa koxolo kwegunya (enokuba ngamagqabi akwizikhundla eziphezulu) okanye kuphinde kukhethwe (iimpawu zolawulo lwedemokhrasi. Umkhosi udlala indima efuziselayo, kwaye umongameli ophumayo ushiya ileta kwiResolute Desk yelandela.

Olu tshintsho lukwasebenza nakurhulumente nakukhetho lwasekuhlaleni, nangona kumlinganiselo omncinane. Abameli bodolophu abangenayo, iirhuluneli, kunye nabameli babaphathi bafumana imvume emfutshane baze bathathe isikhundla ngemihla emiselwe ngurhulumente okanye ngumthetho wasekuhlaleni.

Isizathu sokuba Inkqubo yasemva kwemfazwe ibaluleke kumsebenzi ngamnye

Ukuqonda inkqubo yasemva konyulo kunceda abavoti bakwazi ukulindela ixesha kunye nokuthembana. Ulwaneliseko lokhetho lobusuku luphantse lube sisiphelo sokugqibela kumabonwakude. Inkqubo yononophelo, yokuhlola, yokuphicotha, kunye nesiqinisekiso zenzelwe ukuqinisekisa ucoselelo kwisantya. Inyathelo ngalinye ./ukususa iibhola ezitywinwe ukuya kugqabaza ngesandla kwingxelo yemibutho esondeleyo.

Abasebenzi benqanawa bangathatha amanyathelo amaninzi aqhubekekayo ukuze bahlale benolwazi: landela ibhodi yabo yonyulo lwemihla yokubhaliswa kwezatifiketi, bangene kwiintlanganiso zelaphu leseyile likawonke-wonke (ezisoloko zivulelwe abaqwalaseli), kwaye baqonde umahluko phakathi kweziphumo zosasazo zosasazo kunye nesiqinisekiso esisemthethweni. Ingqibelelo yokhetho ikhiwa kungekuphela ngamagosa kodwa ngokhetho olunolwazi oluqonda inkqubo.

Kwabo bafuna ukungena nzulu, oovimba abafana neNgqungquthela yesizwe yoRhulumente weLegislatures banikela ukonakalisa kwemithetho yonyulo ngokwesizwe. Abavoti baninzi bayayazi malunga nenkqubo, amaqumrhu edemokhrasi anamandla kakhulu.