Ziyintoni Iikomiti Zezindlu?

Iikomiti zendlu ngamagumbi e-injini yeNdlu yabameli. Ngoxa uwonke-wonke usoloko ujolise iivoti kunye neentetho, umsebenzi wokwenene wobugcisa, ukuphanda, kunye nokuphucula umthetho uyenzeka kwiikomiti. La maqela mancinane, ngalinye linegunya kummandla othile wenkqubo, livumela abameli ukuba baphuhlise ubuchule, baqhube uphando oluneenkcukacha, kwaye bagcine isebe eliphetheyo linetyala. Ngaphandle kweekomiti, iNdlu ayinakukwazi ukuqhuba ngokuphumelelayo amawaka eendleko yocwangciso ngalunye. Ngoko ke ukuqonda iikomiti kuyimfuneko kumntu ngamnye ofuna ukuyiqonda indlela enyanisweni enokwenziwa ngayo imithetho, kwaye indlela ilizwi lakhe elinokuviwa ngayo.

Indlu ngoku igcina iikomiti ezingama-20 ezimileyo, kunye neekomiti eziliqela ezikhethiweyo nezinamalungu ahlukeneyo. Ikomiti nganye ibunjwe ngamalungu asuka kuwo omabini amaqela, kunye neqela elininzi eliphethe isitulo kunye nezihlalo ezininzi. Ubungakanani bekomiti nganye buyahluka, busukela kuma-20 ukuya kuma-60 amalungu, kwaye amalungu asebenza kwiikomiti ezimbini okanye ezintathu. Izabelo zekomiti zekomiti zenziwa ngokunxibelelana nelungu ngokwalo izinto ezithandwa lizithandayo kunye nekomiti yeqela eliqhubayo.

Iindidi zeeKomiti

Azizo zonke iikomiti ezidalwe ngokulinganayo. Indlu isebenzisa iindidi ezine ezibanzi, nganye isebenza umsebenzi owahlukileyo kwinkqubo yowiso-mthetho. Ukuqonda ezi ntlobo kunceda abemi bazi ukuba yiyiphi ikomiti emele ilandelwe kumbandela othile.

Iikomiti Ezimileyo

Iikomiti ezimileyo zingamacandelo asisigxina anezindululo ezisigxina ezichazwe yimithetho yeNdlu. Zingamahashe asebenzayo aphambili omthetho. Imizekelo iquka iKomiti kwiiNdlela nakwiiNdlela (iirhafu, urhwebo, uKhuseleko lweNtlalo), iKomiti ePhakathi (ukunikezela iindleko), iKomiti yeJaji (iiimvume, imvume yokufuduka, i-antixtrants), kunye neKomiti yeMimandla neMerika (indawo ekhuselekileyo, imigaqo yezendalo, i-tetranscomment). Inkoliso yomsebenzi we-witrogictive ye-mthetho encinci ihamba ngezi komiti. Banamandla okugcina ukuvalwa, ukuphawula iziko, nokunika ingxelo yomthetho kwiNdlundsko yeNdlund.

Khetha iiKomiti

Iikomiti ezikhethiweyo zindawo zokhetho zexeshana ezenziwe ngenjongo ethile, ngokufuthi ukuphanda umba othile okanye ulawulo olunqumla ulawulo oluninzi. Azinagunya lowiso-mthetho lokuxela amatyala, kodwa zingenza ingcebiso. Imizekelo yakutshanje iquka iKomiti Yokukhetha kuhlaselo lwe-mhla ka-6 kunye neKhompyutha eKhethayo kwi-Coronavirusac Pandemic. Khetha iikomiti zenziwa sisigqibo seNdlu kwaye zinganikwa amandla encinci endlu okanye ezinye izixhobo ze-APRIC.

IiKomiti ezidityanisiweyo

Iikomiti ezidityanisiweyo ziquka amalungu avela kwiNdlu kunye neNdlu yeNdlu. Zisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo ukwenzela imisebenzi yokulungisa okanye yokugcina izindlu kunokuba zisetyenziswe kumthetho wokulungiselela. IKomiti edityanisiweyo eManyeneyo eMarhafu, umzekelo, ihlolisisa uqikelelo lwengeniso kunye nenkqubo yerhafu. Iingxelo zeKomiti yezezoqoqosho eManyano ngokweemeko zezoqoqosho. IKomiti eQhebeneyo kwiThala leeNcwadi kunye neKomiti ePhawulayo eHlathisa uLawulo. Ngoxa ingaveli kumatyala, iingxelo nobuchule bayo ekuchazeni umsebenzi wezinye iikomiti.

IiKomiti zeNgqungquthela

Xa iNdlu kunye neNdlu yeeNdlu yeentlobo ezahlukeneyo zemali enye, ikomiti yengqungquthela isekwa ukuze kulungiswe ukungavisisani. Le komiti ikhethekileyo yehoc ineqela elincinane lendlu kunye nendlu yendlu emiselwe ngokhokelo. Baxubusha inguqulelo elalanyanisayo emele ivunywe ngamagumbi omabini. Iikomiti zeNgqungquthela zinamandla kuba ziyakwazi ukubhala kwakhona iindawo eziphambili zomthetho, ngokufuthi emva kweminyango evaliweyo. Ingxelo yazo yokugqibela ayinakuguqulwa phantsi komgangatho //_kuphela kweyamkelwa okanye ingavunywa.

Indlela Iikomiti Ezilungelelaniswe Ngayo

Kwikomiti nganye, isakhiwo sangaphakathi esintsonkothileyo simisela ukuba ngubani omisela iingcebiso nendlela owenziwa ngayo umsebenzi. Uninzi lweqela lubamba isitulo, olulawula ucwangciso lwekomiti, olukhetha amangqina, luze lulawule inkqubo yokunyusa. Ilungu eliphambili elikwilungu eliphambili leqela elincinane kwikomiti `lwenziwa njengenkokeli yeqela elincinane, linikela ezinye iizicelo kwaye libambe isitulo.

Ikomitana

Iikomiti ezininzi ezimileyo zahlulwe zahlulwa zangamatyala ancinci agxininisa kwimibandela emincinane. Umzekelo, iKomiti yeNdlu Enika Umbane neyorhwebo ineekomiti ezintandathu ezincinci eziquka impilo, uphando, uNxibelelwano kunye noBuxhakaxhaka. Iikomiti ezingaphantsi zibamba iimvo, ziqhuba uhlolo lokuqala lwetyala, zize zinconyele ikomiti epheleleyo. Eli candelo lomsebenzi livumela ubuchule obunzulu nomsebenzi osebenzayo.

Umkhosi weKomiti

Abaninzi nabambalwa bagcina abasebenzi abanobuchule abanikela ubuchule benkqubo, ulwimi oludityanisiweyo, ukulungiselela ukuva, nokulawula iinkqubo ezizizo. Abasebenzi beKomiti babalulekile ekunxibeleleni phakathi kwamalungu, abaququzeleli, oorhulumente, nabasemagunyeni abalawulayo. Badla ngokubhala ifomu yokuqala yemali okanye imibuzo ebuzwa ngexesha lokuchongwa. Iintsebenziswa zekomiti zinika ulwazi oluluncedo ngamanye amaxesha lungaphembelela umthetho kwanangaphambi kokuba uvanoluntu.

Umsebenzi Wekomiti

Uhambo lwemali ngekomiti lubandakanya amanyathelo aliqela ahlukeneyo. Inyathelo ngalinye linika amathuba okuba abemi bafumane igalelo kunye nokuxilongwa nguwonke-wonke.

Okwesibini

Xa kuvezwe ityala, libhekiswa kwikomiti okanye kwiikomiti ezilawula umbandela wayo. Ngokufuthi, ityala lingabhekiswa kwiikomiti ezininzi (le nto ibizwa ngokuba yi-starerals ezininzi. iSpeaker yeNdlu igqiba kwi-arhestrals. Kumthetho omkhulu, iSpeaker inokulawula ukuba yiyiphi ikomiti efumana isithoba kwimali-mali, amandla anokubumba ngokuphawulekayo imveliso yokugqibela.

Ukuva

IiKomiti zinamatyala okuqokelela ulwazi. Iindlebe zinokuba ngamagosa owiso-mthetho (ukuhlola isiko), ukujonga (ukuhlola indlela umthetho osetyenziswa ngayo), ukuphanda (ukutyhila iinyaniso ngesiganeko), okanye ukuqinisekisa (ukuze isebe eliphetheyo lifumane iziphumo eziqhelekileyo, nangona ziqheleke kakhulu kwiBhunga leNtlanganiso). AmaNgqina aquka amagosa abaphathi, iingcali, abameli bezoshishino, yaye ngamanye amaxesha abemi abaqhelekileyo. Abo baphulaphuli banokunikela isicelo sokungqina okanye ukunikela ubungqina obubhaliweyo. Nangona kungenjalo izicelo zisoloko zivunywa, iikomiti zivuma iingxelo ezibhaliweyo zengxelo.

Ukuphawula

Emva kokuvalwa, ikomiti epheleleyo okanye ikomiti engaphantsi iphethe intlanganiso yokunyusa ityala lokuqwalasela ukulungiswa kwemali kunye nokuvota ukuba ingayiqhubela phambili na ityala. I-ccoup yindawo apho imfazwe yokwenene kulwimi lwemali ivela khona. Amalungu anika inkxaso, ingxoxo, kunye nevoti. Ulawulo lwesitulo esilungiswayo siqwalaselwa kwaye sinokusebenzisa intshukumo yokuzikhusela okanye iinguqu eziphambili. Iintlawulo zithelekisa abantu bonke kwaye ziqukunjelwe rhoqo. Iintlola ezingamalungu anokuthi zifumane icebo lokulungisa imicimbi kwaye ziqhagamshelane nabameli bazo ukuze zibonise inkxaso okanye inkcaso.

Ingxelo

Ukuba uninzi lwabavoti baphambili kwityala, ikomiti ikhupha ingxelo echaza umsebenzi wayo, kuquka umbhalo wetyala, uhlalutyo lwecandelo-candelwana, uqikelelo lwemali, kunye nesishwankathelo seenguqu. Le ngxelo iquka ukuchasana okanye iimbono ezongezelelekileyo zamalungu amancinane. Lo mthetho ubekwa kwenye yeekhalenda ezininzi zendlu (umz., i-Union Calendar yezocawa okanye iindleko zemali; Indlu yeKhalenda yendlu yabanye abaninzi). IKomiti yeMimiselo, umgcini-sango onamandla, ngoko imisela indlela enokuthi iqhutywe ngayo inteko yomthetho kumgangatho kunye nendlela ingxoxo enokuthi ihlale iphele ngayo.

Name

Ukuba ikomiti iyala ukwenza inyathelo kwityala, uninzi lwamalungu endlu (218) lungasayina isicelo sokukhupha ukunyanzelisa ityala ngaphandle kwekomiti naphantsi. Oku kunqabile ukusetyenziswa kodwa kungumvalo obalulekileyo wokhuseleko ovumela indlu epheleleyo ukuba igqithe isitulo okanye ikomiti engakwaziyo ukukhupha imvume. Izibongozo zokukhupha imvume kufuneka zilinde ixesha elithile emva kokuthunyelwa kwekomiti, kwaye izihlalo zisoloko zisusa amatyala ngokuchanekileyo ukuze ziphephe ukukhutshwa.

Amandla namagunya eKomiti

IiKomiti zenzi okungaphezulu kokwenza umthetho. Zikwaqhuba ulawulo lwamaqumrhu, iinkqubo, kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo. Lo msebenzi ubaluleke kakhulu njengokuyalela, kuba uqinisekisa ukuba imithetho iphunyezwe ngokwenjongo kwaye imali ehlawulwayo isetyenziswa ngobulumko.

Ukuva okuphanda, uphando, kunye neengxelo zingavelisa utshintsho olukhulu lwenkqubo ngaphandle komthetho omtsha. Umzekelo, ukuchanabeka kwekomiti ekulahlwa kwenkunkuma okanye ukuxhatshazwa kweziyobisi kunganyanzelisa umbutho ukuba utshintshe imithetho yawo okanye uthethele umongameli ukuba athathe indawo yamagosa. Iikomiti zingakhupha iikomiti ezingaphantsi kwe-ododa ukuba zinyanzelele ubungqina kunye nokuveliswa kwamaxwebhu. Amandla okuphanda abanzi, kodwa alinganiselwe ngamalungelo omGaqo-siseko kunye nemithetho yeNdlu. Inginginya iyakwazi ukulandela umsebenzi wekomiti ize idlulisele izikhalazo okanye ubungqina bobubi kwikomiti enxulumene nayo.

Ulawulo lwekomiti lukwaquka ukuqwalasela i-Ofisi yoManga yoLawulo (GAO) iingxelo, Office yoLawulo noHlahlo (OLT) ubungqina, kunye [[FLT] ne-Acteneral (IG) iingxelo ezifunyenweyo. Ikomiti ezininzi zineekomiti ezingaphezulu kunye noHlahlolo-mali olukhethekileyo olunikezelwe kulo msebenzi.

Indima yeeKomiti Ekuguquleni Umthetho

Ngenxa yokuba iikomiti zilawula indawo yokuqala yamatyala amaninzi, zinempembelelo enkulu koko ekugqibeleni kuqwalaselwa yiNdlu. Imali engadluliyo kwikomiti inqabile ukufikelela phantsi. Ngokuchasene noko, ityala elivunyelwa yikomiti ngevoti enamandla ye-bipartis isenokudlula kwiNdlu epheleleyo.

Ukuchongwa kwemiqathango yekomiti kulapho kuthe kwenzeka khona olona tshintsho lubalulekileyo kwityala. Ukuhlaziywa kwemithetho esemthethweni equlunqweyo kwikomiti kungaguqula umlinganiselo wemali, imigangatho yemali, okanye impembelelo yolawulo. Ngokufuthi, isitulo sekomiti kunye namalungu aphezulu anxibelelana “ukulungiswa kwekomiti” okudibanisa izijungqu zezicelo ezininzi kwaye kubonisa iziphumo zobungqina bokuva. Olu lwimi lungatshintshanga lusebenza njengesiseko sokulungisa ezinye izindululo.

IiKomiti zikwanawo amandla [angu "ipocet” okanye“i-hostgents". . Isitulo singala ukucwangcisa ukuva okanye ukunyusa iphetshana, sibubulale ngokuphumelelayo ngaphandle kwevoti erekhodiweyo. Eli gunya lokugcina amasango kungenxa yokuba kusoloko kuzama ukuphembelela amalungu e-injini namalungu esitshixo kude kudala ngaphambi kokuba kuvezwe umthetho.

Indlela Abahlali Abanokuba Nayo

Nangona iNdlu iyiqumrhu elimela abantu, umsebenzi wayo awubonakali.

Umsebenzi weKomiti weQhinga

Indawo ekulula ukuqalisa yi Ikhonthi.gov, edwelisa zonke iikomiti zendlu kunye nezicwangciso zazo. Ikomiti nganye igcina i website kawonke-wonke enezaziso zokuva, uluhlu lwamangqina, amakhonkco, kunye neposi. Ukutyikitya izilumkiso ezivela kwikomiti ethile kukuvumela ufumane izaziso xa ukuva okanye uphawu kucwangcisiwe. Olunye ulawulo oluluncedo luyi GovTrack. , indawo engathabathi nxaxheba.

Ngenisa Ubungqina Obubhaliweyo

Kwanokuba awukwazi ukuya kwityala lomntu, ungafaka ingxelo ebhaliweyo ukuze ufumane irekhodi. Iikomiti ezininzi zamkela amagqabaza nge-website yazo okanye ngokuthumela i-imeyili umabhalane wekomiti. Ingxelo yakho kufuneka ibe yeyokushwankathela, eyinyaniso, nengqalekileyo ngemali okanye imbambano. Amabali obuqu adityaniswe nenkcazelo asoloko ephumelela kakhulu. Abasebenzi bekomiti bayakwazi ukuwafunda la magunya kwaye basenokuwabela amalungu.

Yiya Okanye Ulumke

Iikomiti zithetha ngoluntu kwaye, ekubeni le ngxaki ingubhubhani, phantse zonke zihlala kwiYouTube, House.gov, okanye kwisiza sekomiti. Ukubukela ukuchotshelwa kwetyala kukwenza uqonde indlela amalungu acinga ngayo, imibuzo abayibuzayo, kunye nezibakala abayifumanayo zikholisa. Kwezinye iimeko, ungaya kumntu ngamnye kwingingqi yeCapitol okanye kwingingqi yokuchophela indlebe.

Qhagamshelana noMmeli Wakho

Ummeli wakho onyuliweyo lilizwi lakho eliyintloko kwiikomiti. Ukuba ityala likwikomiti engaphantsi okanye kwikomiti epheleleyo, mmemeze okanye umthumeli i-imeyili aze acele ukuthetha nomphathi ogquma loo mbango. Yiba nongqalo ngekomiti kunye nenombolo yemali. Ukuba ummeli wakho uhleli kwikomiti enxulumeneyo, umyalezo wakho uthwala ubunzima obungakumbi kuba unevoti engqalileyo. Indlu.gov fumana isixhobo sakho sommeli

Ilungu leKomiti leMidlalo

Iikomiti ezininzi zifakela uhlaziyo lwexesha lokwenene ku X (obeyiyi Tutter), YouTube, kunye no Facebook. Emva kwe akhawunti yekomiti kungakunika izaziso ezikhawulezileyo xa uchola okanye uvote. Oku kuluncedo kakhulu xa uthe isibhengezo semali sihamba ngokukhawuleza kwaye uneeyure ezimbalwa zobunzima.

IiKomiti Eziphambili Zezindlu Omele Uzazi

Ngoxa imicimbi yeekomiti nganye, ezinye zinempembelelo ephangaleleyo kumgaqo-nkqubo ochaphazela amaMerika ngokungqalileyo. Ukwazi ezi zinto kunokukunceda ujolise kwimigudu yakho yokuzilawula.

  • IKomiti yendlu kwiiNdlela kunye noNtloko – Ambers rhafu, abaphathi-mikhosi, uKhuseleko lweNtlalo, iMedicare, kunye nezivumelwano zorhwebo. Ngenxa yokuba ilawula ingeniso, idla ngokubizwa ngokuba yeyona komiti inamandla kwiBhunga. Naluphi na utshintsho lwerhafu okanye utshintsho olugunyazisiweyo kufuneka ludlule ngale komiti.
  • IKomiti yeNdlu ephakanyiswayo igqiba indlela imali esetyenziswa ngayo kwimali ye-12 yonyaka. I-Candelo linokukhangela indlela imigangatho yemali etshintsha ngayo iinkqubo ezifana nemfundo, ukhuseleko okanye ukhuseleko lwemeko- bume. Le komiti ikwavelela ukusetyenziswa kwemali yongxamiseko kunye neendleko zolwandiso.
  • IKomiti yeNdlu yeJadi kwiJadia – Isigwebo kwiinkundla, ekuchasene nomthetho-siseko, ukufuduka, impahla yenkcubeko, amalungelo oluntu, kunye nokubuyiselwa komGaqo-siseko. Le komiti inendima ebalulekileyo kwiingxoxo ezimalunga nenkqubo yomda, umgaqo-nkqubo wezobugcisa, kunye nolawulo lomongameli.
  • IKomiti yendlu ekwiMimandla neMidlalo – igubungela uludwe olukhulu lwemixholo: I-mecare kunye noMthetho wezonyango we-Affordal Care Act, inkqubo yombane, imo yemeko-bume, urhwebo lwamazwe, ukhuseleko lokutya neziyobisi, kunye nengxoxo-mfono-mfono-mfono-mfono. Iindleko ezininzi eziphikisanayo kwiminyaka yakutshanje ziqalile apha.
  • IKomiti yendlu ekuphandeni nakubutyala – ikomiti eyintloko yophando. Inegunya elibanzi lokuphanda nawuphi na umbandela ongaphakathi kolawulo lwamanye amakomiti, iwenza ube sisixhobo esinamandla kuwo omabini amaqela. Ihlolisisa inkunkuma, ubuqhetseba, kunye nokuxhatshazwa kwinkqubo zikarhulumente.
  • IKomiti yendlu kwiMithetho – nangona ingayiphathi inkqubo encinci, imisela imiqathango yengxoxo kuyo yonke imicimbi efikayo kumgangatho. Ngenxa yokuba ilawula oko kulungiswa okulungeleneyo nexesha elivumelekileyo, ingagqiba ngokunempumelelo isiphumo somthetho ophikisayo.

Isiphelo

Iikomiti zendlu zisisiseko senkqubo yowiso-mthetho. Zilapho kwakhiwe khona ubuchule, apho kuthengiselwana, nalapho amatyala amaninzi enziwe khona, ahambela phambili okanye afe khona. Kubemi abafuna ukuphembelela inkqubo karhulumente, ukungazihoyi iikomiti kuthetha ukutyeshela ezona ndawo zifikelelekayo nezinempembelelo kumatshini wokwenza umthetho.

Iindaba ezilungileyo zezokuba inkqubo yekomiti icace ngokuphawulekayo xa ithelekiswa namanye amalungu amaninzi karhulumente. Iindlebe ziyaqukuqelwa, amaxwebhu ayapapashwa, kwaye abasebenzi bayafumaneka. Ngefowuni okanye ikhompyutha yethala leencwadi, nawuphi na ummi unokulandela ityala ngekomiti, anikele igalelo, aze agcine abameli bawo benobutyala. Le nkqubo ayifezekanga ````````````i-gatea''''', iingcinezelo zeqela, kwaye iyasiphembelela ukuba sigqwethe sona/' kodwa ihlala ivulekile kwabo bathabatha ixesha lokubandakanye. Ukuqonda ikomiti linyathelo lokuqala lokuba ngumxhasi ofundileyo kwidemokhrasi yaseMelika, hayi umgcini-ofisini.