Table of Contents
I-filbuster ime njengenye yezona ndlela ziphambili eziphambili neziphikisayo kwizobupolitika zowiso-mthetho zaseMelika. Le sithethe seState sijongwa ngokubanzi njengenye yezona mpawu zibalaseleyo zegumbi, kodwa ibumba ngokunzulu amandla abameli abanyuliweyo okumisela imithetho kwaye baphendule kwiimfuno zabo. Ukuqonda inkqubo esemthethweni, indaleko yembali, kunye nemigaqo-siseko ye-Pricialbuster kubalulekile kuye nabani na ofuna ukuqonda indlela idemokhrasi yaseMelika esebenza ngayo.
Yintoni Ingxaki?
KwiNdlu yeeNtsimbi, i-filbuster lizama ukulibazisa okanye ukuvala ivoti kwiceba lomthetho okanye isiqinisekiso. Ukubhalisa kubandakanya nawaphi na amaqhinga okusebenzisa i-dilato okanye okuphazamisayo ukunqanda umlinganiselo ngokuthi ungangeni kwivoti. Ngoxa amaMelika amaninzi eqikelela umlinganisi emi kwi-podium ehambisa iintetho zomgama ophezulu ."imfanekiso oxhaswe yimifanekiso eshukumayo nembali yefilimu kunye nexesha eliqhelekileyo .
Igama elithi filbuster `lisuka kwigama lesiDatshi elithetha "ipirate"" qhaqha libonisa indlela i-senetor ebandakanyeke ngayo kweli qhinga elithimba ulawulo lwendlu yezindlu. Eli gama livela kuxube lwemvelaphi yamaDatshi neSpeyin, elithetha "ifreebooter" okanye "i-pireti" elisetyenziswa kumongo wemithetho kuba umntu obandakanyekileyo kwi-ficillbuster uthathe ulawulo lwegumbi lomgangatho, kanye njengomphangi wenqanawa elwandle.
I-monilbuster ikho ngenxa yokuba imithetho yeNdlu yeeNtlanganiso ibeka imida embalwa kumalungelo namathuba eeNdlu zowiso-mthetho. Ngokukhethekileyo, iNkulumbuso efuna ulwamkeleko idla ngokufumana ilungelo kumgangatho ukuba akukho mlinganisi uthethayo, kwaye ngoko iSenator ingathetha ixesha elide xa efuna. Le ngxoxo ingenamda iyahlula iBhunga kwiNdlu yabameli, elawula ngokungqongqo ukuhambela kwayo ishishini.
Isiseko somGaqo-siseko nesomthetho seFilibuster
Akunjalo KumGaqo-siseko
I-filbuster ayikhankanywa naphi na kumGaqo-siseko wase-United States. Kuphela zimfuno ezintlanu ezinamandla kakhulu ezaziqukiwe ngokucacileyo kumGaqo-siseko wantlandlolo wase-United States, kuquka ukunyanzeliswa kokungagunyaziswa (iisithathu ezibini zezikhulu ezikhoyo), ukuvuma isigqibo secebiso nokuvunywa kwesivumelwano (iiisithathu ezibini ze-sentenet ezikhoyo), ukugxotha ilungu leBhunga (iiiiiiisibini-sithathu samalungu okuvota endlwini ebuzwayo), ukuxhasa umongameli we-vetoes (iisithathu ezi-zigwebo zombini izindlu), kunye nomthetho-okququ (iiindawo ezimbini-3 ze-oventini zokuvota ezikhoyo).
Umnyango owenziwe ngama-60 ofunekayo ukoyisa i-finbuster ayikho phakathi kwezi mfuneko ziphezulu zomGaqo-siseko. Endaweni yoko, umGaqo-siseko unika uninzi olulula amandla okumisela imithetho yeprocedro ngokungeyomfuneko yombhalo ongafanelekanga. Oku kuthetha ukuba iCathena inegunya lomgaqo-siseko ukuseka eyalo imithetho yenkqubo, kuquka nezo zilawulayo.
Ukudala Kwengozi Kwengxoxo Engenamida
I-filbuster ayizange icetywe ngabom kodwa ivele ngempazamo kumthetho weBhunga. Phantsi kwemithetho yeNdlu yeeNtsimbi, ukunqumla ingxoxo kwafuneka intshukumo edluliswa ngobuninzi obuqhelekileyo. Kodwa ngo1806, emva kokuba umongameli onguMongameli u-Aaron Burr, iNdlu yema ngokusebenzisa le ntshukumo. Le nguqulelo yanika abaququzeleli ilungelo lokuthetha ngempikiswano engenasiphelo, intsingiselo yokuba balibazise unomhlala-mthe ngaphandle kokuxhasa ukufikelela kwivoti.
Iqhinga lokusebenzisa iintetho ezinde ukulibazisa ukuthatha inyathelo lomthetho labonakala kwisethi yokuqala yeBhunga leNdlu yeNtlanganiso, nangona iBhunga lalingenayo inkqubo esesikweni yokuvumela inkoliso ukuba iphelise ingxoxo nokunyanzela ukuba ivoti iqule kumthetho okanye ikhutshwe. Umphathi wePennsylvania uWilliam Maclay wabhala kwincwadi yakhe yeziganeko zemihla ngemihla ngoSeptemba 22, 1789, malunga namaqumrhu akwano azama "ukulikhupha ixesha" ukunqanda ukudlula kwemali.
ICandelo Ulawulo XXII: ISisakhelo esingokwasemthethweni
Iqhinga elisemthethweni lokuphelisa i-filbuster ligunyaziswe kuLawulo lweNdlu yeNtlanga-ntle XXII, ekwasaziwa njengomthetho wehlwili. Umthetho XXII wemithetho emileyo yeNdlu yeeNdlu yeeNtsimbi yeUnited States uvumela iNdlu yeeNtsimbi ukuba ivote imisele impikiswano ngokunyusela ihlwili kumbuzo ogciniweyo. Lo mthetho awuzange uthatyathwe de kube ngu191717, ithetha ukuba iBhaarati isetyenziswe ngaphezu kwenkulungwane engenayo nayiphi na indlela yokuphelisa ingxoxo.
Ngo1917, iNdlu yeeNtsimbi yamkela umthetho wokuvumela uninzi lwabanqindi ababini abathathu ukuba luphelise i-filbuster, inkqubo eyaziwa ngokuba yi "clorest". Olu tshintsho lwaza ngonxunguphalo olunyukileyo nangesibongozo sikaMongameli Woodrow Wilson, emva kweqela labaququzeleli benqanawa ezixhobisa iinqanawa zorhwebo kumhla wemfazwe yehlabathi I. Ungquzulwano lukawonke wonke nxamnye nesi sithintelo ngexesha lokhuseleko lwesizwe lwanyanzelela iBhartene ukuba isebenze.
Ngo1975 iNdlu yeeNtsimbi yeNdlu yeeNtsimbi zanciphisa inani labavoti abafunekayo ukuhlwithwa ukusuka kwisibini sesithathu sama-i-senetars ukuvota kwisithathu sesithathu sazo zonke ii-intshi ezikhethwe ngokufanelekileyo nezifunweyo, okanye 60 kwiCandelo le 100 lelungu. Olu tshintsho lwalucetyelwe ukwenza kube lula ukwaphula i-filibbusters, nangona njengoko sizakubona, ineziphumo ezingacwangciswanga.
Indlela Ifekta Esebenza Ngayo
Inkqubo Yokuzinza
Umthetho weNtsimbi ye-XXII wenza ukuba abaququzeleli bagqibe i-nbreators kulo nawuphi na umba othanda ukuphikisana iNdlu yeNdlu ye-Ofisi. Abaququzeleli abalishumi elinesithandathu baqalisa le nkqubo ngokunika intshukumo ukuphelisa ingxoxo. Kwiimeko ezininzi, iCanternel ayivoti kule ntshukumo yehlwitha de kube lusuku lwesibini lwentlanganiso emva kokuhamba. Ngoko, ifuna ukuvota kwamalungu amathathu (ngokuqhelekileyo ama-60) ukuze ivutele ihlwili.
Isiphumo esiyintloko sokunyusa amahlwili kwimibuzo emininzi kukumisela ubuninzi obungama-30 eeyure ezongezelelekileyo ukuqwalasela lo mbuzo. Eli thuba leeyure ezingama-30 lokuqwalasela liquka lonke ixesha elichithwa luqhagamshelwano oluqengqelekileyo, unxulumano lwezingcingo, nezinye izenzo, kwakunye nexesha elisetyenziswayo kwingxoxo. Emva kokuba kubhenwe ihlwili, ii-antellitys ezinyibilikisiweyo kuphela ezinganika ezo zinokuqukwa kwaye zibekwe ekubhalweni phambi kwevoti yehlwili.
Iipilibuster ezininzi Kwibhili enye
Impembelelo ye-filbuster idlulela ngaphaya kwesithintelo esilula sovoti yokugqibela. Ityala elininzi linokuba phantsi kwabantwana ababini phambi kwendlu yemikhosi evotayo kwinyathelo lokugqibela: okokuqala, i-palbuster ehambayo ukuze iqhubekele kuqwalaselwa ngumthetho kwaye, okwesibini, emva kokuba iNdlu yeNtsimbi ivumile, i-monibilisbester kwiphepha ngokwalo. Inkoliso enkulu yemali iphantsi kwesibini okanye ezintathu ze-Reacebsterss phambi kokuba iNdlundlu ingavota.
Oku kuthetha ukuba naxa indleko inenkxaso enkulu, okanye inkxaso enkulu kakhulu, ingaba nolibaziseko olubalulekileyo. Kwaneendleko ezixhaswe ngabaququzeleli bama-60 okanye ngaphezulu (kunye nothotho) ngoko ke zingalibaziseka nge-nfibberster.
I-Filibuster yokuthetha i-vs. IFilibuster ethuleyo
Abaqhubi be-Filibuster babebandakanye iintetho ezinde apho ikota izama ukuthintela ukuvota ekuphumeleni umgangatho. Ukubeka iqonga elinjalo "lokuthetha" ngenkwili, i-senetor ibinokubamba umgangatho ngokuma nokuthetha ixesha elide, maxa wambi ebusuku.
Imithetho elawula ukuthetha kwe-nfillbuster iyafuneka. Xa i-seneta inyukile ukuze ithethe, isenokungashiyi umgangatho, ingade isebenzise nendlu yangasese. Abakwazi ukuhlala, kwaye abanakudla. Bavunyelwa kuphela ukusela amanzi okanye ubisi. Umthetho weNdlu yeCandelo uXXX ubeke imida kwintetho emibini ngosuku lomthetho, echazwa njengexesha lokuqalisa kweshishini de iNtsimbi yendlu yeNtsimbi igqitywe. Oku kwaziwa ngokuba ngumthetho we-"2-speech" kwaye kusebenza kumthetho we-injini.
Ngoko, iNdlu yeeNtsimbi zale mihla zisebenza ngokwahlukileyo. IiNguqulo ezaziswa nguSenator Mike Mansfield ngo1972 zasungula inkqubo yemithetho emibini kwiNdlu yeQela. Ukususela ngoko, iNdlu yeNdlu yeeNtsimbi ingakwazi ukwahlula ucwangciso lwayo ukuze iqwalasele i-monibster ngexesha elinye, kwaye emva koko iqhube ishishini layo elithe rhoqo ngexesha elahlukileyo. Oku kwawaphelisa ngokunempumelelo amandla enye i-Senator okanye iqela lee-Senator ukuvala lonke ishishini kwigumbi ngexesha lomzamo we-Dibuster.
Abanye abaphengululi baphikisa ukuba iinguqu zisenokuba negalelo ekunyukeni kwe-nfibbusters okanye engekho mphathi-ndlu apho ehlala phantsi ngokungenasiphelo kodwa i-filbuster iboniswa kukungalibazisi kweprocedturial. Umlinganiselo ungalityekwa ngumbambi-mali obeka ipatroli. Kule meko, ukhokelo aluzukuzama ukuqhubela phambili umlinganiselo ngaphandle kokuba ihribility ibizwa kuyo, ngokuqhelekileyo ngoninzi lwama-60.
Olu tshintsho lwatshintsha uhlobo lwezithintelo zeNdlu yeeNtsimbi. Kunokuba ifune amandla omzimba okubamba umgangatho kangangeeyure, i-sentenel ngoku ifuna ukubonakalisa inkcaso, kwaye umthwalo utshintsha kuninzi ukufumana amavoti angama-60 okufumana amahlwili.
Indaleko Neefilimu Ezinokugqalwa
Abaqhubi Beolibuster Benkulungwane Yokuqala Noosomashishini Bokuhlaziywa
Ngo1841 iqaqobana le Democratic lazama ukukhupha iwotshi kwimali yokuseka ibhanki yesizwe. Ingqungquthela uWhig uHenry Clay yasongela ukutshintsha imithetho yeNdlu yeNtlanganiso. Isicelo sikaClay sabangela abanye ukuba balumkise kwanangexesha elide ukuba bathintele naluphi na utshintsho kwimithetho. Olu ngquzulwano lwangaphambili lwasungula umlinganiselo oza kuphinda uphinde uphinde uphindene kwimbali yeBhunga: ukuzama ukumisela umlinganiselo we-nfilibster ngokufuthi ijongene nesongelo sika-Diabulisster ngokwabo.
IiFilibuster zaya zixhaphaka ngasekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-19 nasekuqaleni kweye-20, nto leyo ekhokelela kwingxoxo enzulu ngokutshintsha imithetho yeBhunga ukuze linciphise lo msebenzi. Ngelo xesha iBhunga leNtlanga yakhula yaza yaxakeka, kwaye umsebenzi omkhulu omele wenziwe kwintlanganiso nganye uthetha ukuba isihlanganisi esilawula abantwana babantwana babantwana babantwana banokuphazamisa inkqubela yomzimba nokuzivumela.
Imbali YeFilibuster Ekhuthaza Ubuhlanga
Enye yezona zinto zikhathazayo kwimbali ye-monilbuster kukusetyenziswa kwayo kakhulu ekuthinteleni umthetho wamalungelo abantu. Abahlalutyi be-filbuster baye babonisa imbali yayo yobuhlanga (kuquka indlela esetyenziswa ngayo ekuqaleni kwinkulungwane ye-19 ngabasebenzi bobukhoboka be-pro pro prosquators kuquka uJohn C. Calhoun waseMzantsi Carolina, owayisebenzisa ukukhusela izilangazelelo zabemi belizwe basemazantsi be-Rom, ababexhomekeke ekusebenzeni nzima.
Ukumiswa koMthetho XXII ngo1917 kwanyusa uphando lwezi zixhobo zale mihla, eziye zasetyenziselwa ukuvala umthetho wamalungelo abantu, ingakumbi ngexesha likaJim Crow. Enyanisweni, oku kwakuyenye yemisebenzi ephambili ye-finbuster ngenkulungwane yama-20. Ngokutsho kohlolisiso olwenziwa yizazinzulu zezobupolitika uSarah Binder noSteven Smith, kumanyathelo angama-30 aye akhutshwa ngu-Reabuster phakathi ko1917 no-1994, kanye isiqingatha sawo sasibandakanya amalungelo abantu.
IiFilibuster zavala imiqathango efana namatyala achasene nokurhoxisa amatyala acetyiswa ngo-1922 nango-1935; umThetho waMalungelo oLuntu ka-1957; kunye nomthetho owawuya kukwalela ukuhlawulwa kwerhafu yokuvota nokungavunyelwa kwemithetho esemthethweni emsebenzini, kwizindlu, kunye nokuvota. I-Filibuster yangqineka iluncedo ngokukodwa kubaququzelela amalungelo abantu basemazantsi eefayithi, kuquka neendleko zokulwa kwemali.
Iifilibuster Ezidumileyo
Ii-senateers ezininzi ziye zaduma ngeentetho zazo zomgama ophezulu. Ngeminyaka yee-1930, i-Senator Huey P. Long wayisebenzisa ngokunempumelelo i-monilbuster kumatyala eendleko awayecinga ukuba athanda izityebi kunamahlwempu. Umgama omde wamkela ababukeli ngokuphindaphindwa kwe- Shakespeare nangendlela yokupheka, kanye wabamba umgangatho weBhange.
Kangangamashumi eminyaka, iStrom Thurmond filbuster yaseMzantsi Carolina yahlala iiyure ezingama-24 nemizuzu eli-18 ichasene noMthetho wamaLungu ka-1957, imisela oko kwakudala kuthathwa njengengxelo yentetho ende kakhulu. Noko ke, iNkulumbuso uCory Booker waqhuba intetho ehlala iiyure ezingama-25 nemizuzu emihlanu ukusuka ngoMatshi 31, 2025, ukuya kuAprili 1, 2025. Le yintetho ende kakhulu kwimbali yeBhunga, kodwa ayithathwanga njengomthetho okhethekileyo oqwalaselweyo xa intetho iqhutywa.
UMthetho wamaLungelo ka-1964: Isigqibo sokuguqula
NgoAprili 1964, iqela le-Senators yaseMazantsi ekhokelwa nguRichard Russell, Strom Thurmond, Robert Byrd, uWilliam Fulbright noSam Ervin baqala uDivbuster weentsuku eziyi 60 ukuvala uMthetho wesibonelelo wamalungelo abantu ka1964. Lo mgudu ekugqibeleni awuphumelelanga. Nangona kukho iiyure ezingaphezu kwekhulu zongezelelwe ingxoxo, iBhunga lasidlulisa isenzo ngoJuni 1964. Oku kwamela ixesha elipholileyo, oku kubonisa ukuba kwanesigqibo se-Divrebusterss sinokukoyiswa ngolu thando olwaneleyo lwezobupolitika nenkxaso kawonke wonke umntu.
Ezikhethekileyo kwi FILIbuster: Xa iivoti ezingama-60 zingafunwayo
Ngelixesha umqobo wamashumi amathandathu eevoti ube yimfuno ephambili kushishino lweBhunga leNtsimbi, umahluko obalulekileyo okhoyo ovumela imicimbi ethile ukuba iqhubeke novoti abaninzi abalula.
Ulungelelwaniso Loqingqo-mali
Inkqubo yoqingqo-mali yonyaka yolungelelwaniso loqingqo-mali ifuna kuphela ivoti elula kwaye ayinako ukukhutshwa. ICongregational Ballet Act ka 1974 yadala inkqubo yohlaziyo lohlahlo-lwabiwo-mali. Ekubeni ingxoxo emalunga nolo mlinganiselo iphela ngaphandle kokukhutshwa, azikho phantsi komqobo wama-60 eevoti.
Oku kukhetha kuye kwabaluleka ngokukhulayo kumashumi eminyaka akutshanje, njengokuba ukuhlaliswa kwamacandelo okujikeleza komhlaba kukwenza kube nzima ukufumana amatyala amakhulu angama-60. Kodwa ke, okuqulethweyo ngamatyala oxolelwaniso kulinganiselwe, kufuneka bahlangabezane nerhafu, iindleko, nokuboleka, kwaye abanakudibanisa amalungiselelo afana nje "nento engaqhelekanga" kwimicimbi yoqingqo-mali.
Ukuchwetheza: Indlela Yenyukliya
Ngo-2013, abaLawuli beDemocrates bayitshintsha imithetho yeNdlu yeeNtsimbi ukwenzela ukuba ivume ukuqinisekiswa kweesikhundla zesebe eliphetheyo ``ikhabhinethi/ikhabhinethi' kunye nenkundla engeyoNkundla egwebayo enemijukujelwa elula. Olu tshintsho, lwaphunyezwa ngoko kwathi kwaziwa ngokuba "lukhetho lwenyukliya," ngokusisiseko lwaguqula inkqubo yokuqinisekisa.
Eyokuqala ukukhutshwa kokhetho lwenyukliya yenzeka ngoNovemba 2013, xa iMajonity Hostry Reid yasebenzisa yona ukuvumela uthotho lwezahlulelo ukuba luvunywe ngoninzi olulula kunokuba lufune amavoti angama-60. Yaphinda yacelwa ngoApril 2017, phantsi kweNkokeli yeMajoni uMthungi McConnell neNkundla ePhakamileyo yaseUnited States ngobuninzi obulula emva kokuphelisa umqobo wama-60.
Ukhetho lwenyukliya lusebenza ngokuba iNdlu yeNdlu iphinde ichaze imithetho yayo ngothotho lweenkqubo. Ngo-2005, iqela lee-Republicaan isalathisi, elikhokelwa yiNkokeli enguMajor uBill Frist, lacebisa ukuba igosa elilawulayo le-odosa elilawulayo lomphathi-mikhosi ukuba i-monister kunomester ayizange ichazwe njengemithetho esesikweni. Ilungu leNtentente uLott lasebenzisa igama elithi "umatshini wokulwa" ukuchaza isicwangciso, kwaye laziwa ngokuba "ukhetho lweziklomelo". Elo gama emva koko labhekisela kwinkqubo eqhelekileyo yokutshintsha imithetho ngokumisela imizekelo engqubana nombhalo ocacileyo wemithetho.
Ezinye iziphawuli
Zingaphezulu kwe-160 iindidi ezifunekayo kwi-filibuster ephezulu kakhulu yemfuno ye-injini yemveli ziqalwe ukususela ngowe-1969, ngokohlalutyo oluvela kwiBrookings Institutions Molly Reynolds. Izivumelwano zezorhwebo eziye zathethwa ngokusebenzisa imithetho yemiqheba ekhawulezayo azinakufakwa kwi-engile. Ezinye iintelekiso zisebenza kwimilinganiselo ebandakanya, umzekelo, ukuvalwa kwesiseko somkhosi okanye ukuthengiswa kwezixhobo.
Ezi zimvo zibonisa ukuba iKhonklethi ibone iimeko apho imfuneko enkulu ye-monicbuster ingaba neziphumo ezingalunganga, idala imiqathango ephumayo ngomthetho ukuvumela ulawulo oluninzi lulawule.
Impembelelo yeFilibuster kuMalungelo oMgaqo-siseko kunye noLawulo-melo
Ulawulo loBuncinanana
I-filbuster inconywe njengokhuselo lweqela elincinane lezobupolitika kwingcinezelo yabaninzi, okanye ihlaselwe njengesixhobo sokuthintela abathinteli. Olu xinezeleko phakathi kokukhusela amalungelo amancinane nokunceda ulawulo oluninzi lukwintsebenziswano emalunga nokufaneleka nokusebenziseka kwe-filibuster.
Abaxhasi bathi i-filbuster ikhuthaza ukulalanisa nokucamngca, inyanzela iqela elininzi ukuba linxibelelane neqela elincinane lize lakhe iminqophiso ebanzi. Ithintela uninzi olungeyonto ekunqandeni umthetho ngaphandle kokuqwalasela iimbono eziphikisanayo. Imfuneko yokufumana amavoti angama-60 ngokuthetha iqinisekisa ukuba umthetho omkhulu unenkxaso eqinileyo kunokuba udlulise kwimigca engoontamo-ntle kuphela.
Abahlalutyi baphikisa ukuba i-filbuster iguquke ngaphaya kwenjongo yayo yantlandlolo kwaye ngoku yenza ukuba iqaqobana likwazi ukuphazamisa ukuthanda kwabaninzi. Isisongelo esicacileyo se-filbuster(nesiphumo se-60-vote efunekayo kwixesha langoku) kwaye iziphumo zeziphumo ze-60 ze-intelligence zinegalelo elikhulu kubuchule bolwazi lwakutshanje lokumisela inkcaso ephambili yemithetho-mthetho kumthetho. Iziphumo zemfuno ye-60-vote zibonakala kakhulu ngamaxesha apho umongameli kunye nezindlu zombini zeBhunga zilawulwa ngamaqela angopolitiko.
Impembelelo Ekuphumezeni Umthetho
Ubuchule beeNtloko ukubandakanyeka kwi-finbuster bunempembelelo enzulu nesasazekileyo kwindlela iBhunga leNdlu yeMimandla eliqhuba ngayo ishishini layo phantsi. Ngokubhekiselele kumphathi osongelwayo, uninzi lwenkokeli lungagqiba ekubeni ingabizeli ityala ukuze liqwalaselwe phantsi okanye lingalibaleli. Ngokufanayo, ithemba lomntu ohlala phantsi linokuba nempembelelo enzulu kwindlela abaxhasi bemali abaqhuba ngayo ukwamkela iinguqu kumthetho abawuxhasiyo kodwa oyimfuneko ukunqanda i-parebuster yokwenene.
Oku kuthetha ukuba impembelelo ye-finbuster idlulela kude ngaphaya kwephepha elikhutshwe ngokwenyani. Isisongelo nje senkqubo yomthetho ye-monibulister, sigqiba ukuba ngawaphi amatyala afumana ixesha lomgangatho, kwaye siphembelela ukuqulelelwa komthetho oqhubekekayo. Kwiimeko ezininzi, amatyala anokudlula ngenkxaso enkulu angaze afumane ivoti kuba iinkokeli zazi ukuba azinakuwufikelela umqobo wama-60 owenziwe ngezaphuli.
Ukubekwa kwetyala kweNkundla ePhakamileyo kuncitshisiwe ngokuphawulekayo, ngabenzi bamazwi abahlukeneyo becebisa ukuba ukuhla kwemithetho engundoqo kuye kwaba ngunobangela oyintloko. Okwangoku, imiba emininzi yezomthetho isombululwa ngaphandle kwesenzo somthetho weBhunga-mvume. Nangona kukho inkxaso elula kuMphathiswa (ekunye kwemixholo efana nokubekwa komtshato omnye wesigebenga. Oku kutshintshwa kwemithetho ukusuka kumgaqo-siseko ukuya kwisebe lejaji kunyusa inkxalabo ngolawulo lwedemokhrasi kunye nendima efanelekileyo yamaziko orhulumente ahlukeneyo.
Ukusetyenziswa kwelardayo kunye neFilibuster yale mihla
Ubuninzi be-finbuster buye banda ngokuphawulekayo kumashumi eminyaka akutshanje, obungqinelana nokunyuka kwemimandla esukleni. Njengoko izihlomelo ze-senate zitshintsha ekuhambeni kwexesha, ukusetyenziswa kwe-finbuster kwaqalisa ukwanda. Udityaniso lwenkqubo yemiboniso emibini kunye ne-filibbuster ethuleyo yenze isithintelo salula kwaye sabiza kancinci iqela elincinane.
Inani le-finbuster laqalisa ukwanda ngokukhawuleza, ekugqibeleni likhokelela kwixesha langoku apho imfuneko esebenzayo yokukhupha umthetho, kungekho mfuneko isebenzayo yokuba iqela elincinane libambe umgangatho okanye landise ingxoxo. Olu tshintsho luye lwatshintsha umgangatho weBhunga, lwenza umgangatho ongamashumi amathandathu ee-vote ube ngummiselo ofunekayo wemithetho emininzi kunokuba ube nguninzi olulula oluchazwe kumGaqo-siseko.
Ucelomngeni LomGaqo-siseko Kwi-FIlibuster
Iimpikiswano Ezichasene Nomgaqo-siseko
Abaphengululi abasemthethweni kunye nabezobupolitika baye baphikisana ukuba i-filibuster iyayichasa imigaqo yomgaqo-siseko. Impikiswano ephambili echasene nobugqeba bomthetho-siseko be-finbuster isekelwe kumgaqo-siseko wolawulo oluninzi. Abahlalutyi bachaza ukuba umGaqo-siseko uchaza iimeko ezintlanu ezintlanu ezifuna amavoti amakhulu, icebisa ukuba abalawuli banenjongo yokuba umgaqo-siseko olula wokulawula eminye imicimbi.
Ukungathethi komGaqo-siseko ngemithetho yeNdlu yeeNtlanganiso, idityaniswe noludwe lwayo olucacileyo lweemfuno ezithi ngqo ze-majojongg, lucebisa ngentsingiselo engalunganga yokuba eminye imicimbi kufuneka kuphela izinto ezingundoqo. Ukuba abaFrames babefuna umthetho ofuna inkxaso ephezulu, isiphumezi-miyalelo sithetha ngokulula.
Ukongezelela, abagxeki baphikisa ngelithi i-finbuster ijongeka kakubi umgaqo wokumela ngokulinganayo. Ngenxa yokuba iNdlu yeQela sele inika amandla angalinganiyo kumazwe angahlaliyo ``Wyoming' abemi abangama-580 000' bahlala kwimimandla elinganayo abangama-39 ezigidi zeKhalifoniya------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------neyiyo i------------------------kayiyo i-----
Iimpikiswano zobuGaqo-siseko
Abameli be-filibuster baphikisa ngelithi umGaqo-siseko uyinika ngokuphandle indlu nganye yeBhunga amandla okumisela eyayo imithetho enkqubo. Icandelo 5 lithi "Indlu nganye ingamisela imithetho yayo eqhubekisiweyo". Oku kunikwa komthetho-siseko ukumisela igunya, baphikisa, kuquka amandla okumisela iimfuno eziphezulu zokuphelisa ingxoxo.
Ngaphezu koko, abaxhasi baphawula ukuba i-finbuster ibikho ngandlel ’ ithile kwimbali yeNdlu yeeNtsimi zeMali yaye iye yaba yinxalenye emiselwe yomgaqo-siseko ngoqheliselo olude nesithethe. Ngeli xesha ingakhankanywanga ngokucacileyo kumGaqo-siseko, iimpawu ezininzi ezibalulekileyo zikarhulumente waseMerika `kuquka uhlolo lwezomthetho, iKhabhinethi, kunye namaqela ezobupolitika] azinagunyaziso olucacileyo lomgaqo-siseko kodwa zigqalwa njengolusemthethweni.
Isibakala sokuba iNdlu yeeNtsimbi ingayitshintsha imithetho yayo ngovoti abaninzi (njengoko kuboniswa lukhetho lwenyukliya) sikwabonisa ukuba i-monibster ayingqubani nemigaqo yomgaqo-siseko. Ukuba uninzi lwamalungu endlu yowiso-mthetho lufuna ukuphelisa okanye ukuguqula usana, lunegunya lomgaqo-siseko lokwenza oko.
Impikiswano Eqhubekayo Ngomzimba
Ingxoxo yokuba iNdlu yeeNtsimbi yeNtlanganiso iyaqhubeka ibotshelelwe yimithetho yeNdlu yeeNtlanganiso yangaphambili, okanye ukuba iBhunga ngalinye elitsha lizisa nayo iNdlu yeNkulumbuso entsha, ihambisana nemigudu yokutshintsha i-Ndlu ye-Ndlu. Njengoko iSenator Mondidale yabonisa, "umgudu wokuphelisa i-Relibster ithatha i-'Alicete kumgangatho we-Atlantiki', njengoko umnqweno woninzi wokuguqula umthetho uthintelwa ngumthetho ngokwawo." Ukuze kuqwalaselwe nokutshintsha uMthetho we-Rontarate (XXIIII), iNsungulo yeNtsimbi yendlu yendlu yendlu yemikhosi ekwakufuneka idityaniswe notshintsho lwe-Rocebster ece idityaniswe nokhetho lwe-acelbeare izama ukutshintsha.
Le mfama ibalaselisa uxinezeleko olusisiseko: ukuba iBhunga leNtsimbi linguqu obuqhubekekayo obunemithetho eqhubekekayo ukusuka kwenye iKhonkcola ukuya kwenye, ngoko ukutshintsha loo mithetho kufuna ukulandela iinkqubo ezikhoyo ```kuquka i-monilbuster' ngokwayo. Kodwa ukuba iNdlu yeNtlanga entsha inelungelo lokumisela eyayo imithetho, ngoko uninzi oluqhelekileyo kufuneka lukwazi ukutshintsha imithetho ekuqaleni kweBhunga elitsha ngaphandle kokubotshwa ziinkqubo zeBhunga elingaphambili.
Izindululo Zotshintsho Nekamva Leentshaba
Ukuphelisa I - fibuster
Esona sindululo sicacileyo sokuguqula ngokungqalileyo kukuphelisa i-wignore filbuster, ivumela iNdlu yamatyala ngokuyivota okulula. Abaxhasi baphikisa oku baya kubuyisela umthetho omninzi, bandise imveliso yemithetho, baze benze abaququzeleli bomthetho baphendule ngakumbi ekuvotini ngokuqinisekisa ukuba iqela elininzi lingamisela ucwangciso lwalo.
Abahlalutyi balumkisa ukuba ukuphelisa i-filbuster kungakhokelela ekujijisweni kwenkqubo engekho mthethweni njengeqela ngalinye, ekufumaneni iNdlu yeeNtlanganiso, kulungisa umsebenzi woninzi ongaphambili. Baphikisa ngelithi i-nfilbuster ikhuthaza ukuzinza kunye nemikhosi yokuyekelela, ithintela umthetho ogqithisileyo ekudluliseni.
Amava anezigqibo anika ubungqina bazo zombini iimbono. Ekubeni indlela yenyukliya ishenxise i-nfinbuster ngenxa yokufunyaniswe, inkqubo yokuqinisekisa iye yaba yeyahlukileyo, kwaye abalawuli bafumana ivoti ezimbalwa kwiqela elincinane. Noko ke, ivumele oomongameli ukuba bazalise iimvume zomthetho ngokukhawuleza kwaye bathintele abambalwa ekuthinteleni ii-unmines ezifanelekileyo ngezizathu ezipheleleyo.
Ukubuyela Kwindawo Yokuthetha
Esinye isindululo sotshintsho siza kufuna abaququzeleli ukubamba umgangatho kwaye bathethe ngokuqhubekayo ukugcina i-finbuster, bebuyela kwimodeli yokuthetha yesithethe. Oku kungagcina amandla eqaqobana elilibazisa umthetho ngeli lixa kusenza isithintelo sibe nzima kakhulu kwaye sibe nexabiso elininzi.
Ngapha koko, ukuba abaququzeleli babefuna ukuthintela ityala, kuza kufuneka bahlale kumgangatho weBhunga bethetha rhoqo. Bakuba benikezele umgangatho okanye bedinisa ixesha labo lokuthetha phantsi komthetho wesiphekepheke sombini, iBhunga lingaqhubeka livote. Oku bekuya kunyanzelisa abambalwa ukuba babonise ukuzinikela okunyanisekileyo kwinkcaso yabo kunokusuka nje bafake ipropro forma.
Abahlalutyi bale ndlela baphawula ukuba ayinakusinciphisa kakhulu isithintelo, njengoko iqela elizimiseleyo lingase likwazi ukulibazisa umthetho kangangexesha elide.
Ukuhlisa Umda Wokwehla
Abanye abaguquli bacebisa ukuba kuncitshiswe inani levoti ezifunekayo ukusukela kuma-60 ukuya kutsho kumda osezantsi, njengo-55 okanye 57. Oku kungalondoloza umgaqo wenkxaso yezixhobo ezikhulu kwimithetho engundoqo ngeli lixa kusenziwa kube lula ukoyisa isithintelo.
Ekuqaleni komsebenzi weNdlu yeeNtsimbi, uWalter Mondale waxhasa izigqibo ezixhasa uLawulo oluKhuthazayo XXII ngokunikezela ngokhetho oluninzi. Ekugqibeleni watshintsha loo ndawo, esithi akasayi kuphinda awuxhase umthetho ovumela uninzi olulula luvale impikiswano, ekholelwa ukuba ingaba yinkqubo yobuyatha. Le ndaleko ekucingeni ibonakalisa ukuntsonkotha kolawulo oluninzi namalungelo amancinane.
Iziphetho Ezinkulu
Kunokuba iphelise ngokupheleleyo i-monibbuster, iNgqungquthela ingenza ezinye iindidi ezithe kratya zokungangeni mvume zomthetho othile, ezifana nokungahlawulwa okukhoyo kwemali yokubuyisana kunye nezivumelwano zorhwebo. Umzekelo, bambi baye bacebisa ukuba bakhethe amalungelo okuvota, bephikisa ukuba imithetho elawula ukungenelela kwedemokhrasi ayifanele ibekwe phantsi kwesithintelo esichaseneyo ne-majoritarian.
Le ndlela ingagcina umlawuli womthetho omkhulu ngeli lixa eqinisekisa ukuba eminye imicimbi enzima ingaqhubekeka ngenkxaso enkulu. Noko ke, ukugqiba ukuba yeyiphi imiba efanelwe kukukhulula ngokwayo iya kuba yeyokuphikisana kwaye ingakhokelela kuludwe olusoloko lunwenwa lomahluko ophelisa ngokunempumelelo i-monicbuster ngokukhukuliseka kwengxolo.
Ukunciphisa impikiswano yePost-Coloture Ixesha
Nasemva kokuba kubhenqwe amahlwili, iNdlu yeeNtsimbi ivumela iiyure ezingama-30 zolunye ulwando. Abanye abaguquli bacebisa ukuba kuncitshiswe eli xesha lengxoxo yasemva kokuqalisa, eliya kukhawulezisa inkqubo yowiso-mthetho ngaphandle kokutshintsha umqobo wamawaka ama-60 omda ngokwawo.
NgoAprili 2019 iNdlu yeNdlu yeNdlu yeMikhosi yasebenzisa ukhetho lwenyukliya ukunciphisa ingxoxo yasemva kwesithuba esiphezulu nesangaphantsi kwenkundla ukusuka kwiyure ezingama-30 ukuya kwiiyure ezimbini. Olu tshintsho lwayinyusa ngokuphawulekayo inkqubo yokuqinisekisa ukusetyenziswa komtyunjwa, kwaye indlela efanayo isenokusetyenziswa kumthetho.
IFilibuster Namalungelo Akho Njengommi
Ukuqonda i-nfilbuster asikokuqhelisela nje imfundo kuphela, kwaye ichaphazela amalungelo akho nokusabela korhulumente wakho. I-monilbuster ichaphazela enoba umthetho othetha ngeengxaki zakho unokuba ngumthetho kusini na, indlela abameli bakho abanyuliweyo abanokujongana ngayo, nokuba urhulumente angasabela ngokunempumelelo na kwiingxaki zohlanga.
Ukuphendula
I-monilbuster ibangela ukuba umbango wovoti ube nzima. Xa abavoti benyulela umongameli kunye noninzi lwabaququzeleli olusekelwe kutshintsho oluthenjiswe, imfuneko yama-60 eevoli ingathintela uninzi ukuba lungahambisi kwizibophelelo zalo. Oku kunokukhokelela ekukruqukisweni nokugxekwa okungenkqubo yezobupolitika.
Kwelinye icala, i-finbuster ingakhusela abavoti kumazwe amelwe ngabaququzeleli abambalwa, ukuqinisekisa ukuba amazwi abo avakala naxa iqela labo lingalilawuli iBhunga. Olu khuselo lungabaluleka kakhulu ukunikwa isakhiwo seBhunga, esinika umelo olulinganayo kumazwe kungakhathaliseki ukuba ngabemi bani.
Iziphumo zoMgaqo-nkqubo
I-monilbuster ngokungqalileyo ichaphazela ukuba yiyiphi imigaqo ejika ibe ngumthetho. Iingxoxo ezisuka kutshintsho lwemozulu ukuya kumalungelo okuvota ziye zathotyelwa kwii-filbusters, ukuthintela umthetho owawunenkxaso enkulu ekuqhubekekeni. Nokuba ukujonga oku njengokukhuselwa kwinyathelo longxamiseko okanye ukuthintela inkqubela efunekayo kuxhomekeke kwimbono yakho nakwimigaqo ethile ekwimbambano.
I-filbuster ikwachaphazela indlela enziwe ngayo imigaqo-nkqubo. Ngenxa yokuba uhlaziyo lohlaziyo lungenakufakwa kwinzala, inyathelo elingundoqo lenkqubo maxa wambi liyilwa njengemilinganiselo yoqingqo-mali yokuphepha umqobo wama-60. Oku kungakhokelela kucwangciso lwemithetho engaphantsi, njengoko amalungiselelo kufuneka afaneleke phakathi kwemiqathango yoqingqo-mali eqingqiweyo kunokuba alungiswe ngokusekelwe kwimithetho efuna inzuzo kuphela.
Umelo nomgangatho
Unxulumano phakathi komelo lwendlu yecawa olulinganayo kunye nemfuneko yendlu yecawa ephezulu yemveli iphakamisa imibuzo malunga nokulingana kwedemokhrasi. Ngenxa yokuba abameli abamele iqaqobana labemi bangavala umthetho oxhaswe ngabaququzeleli bomthetho abamele inkoliso yabantu baseMelika, i-finbuster ingakhulisa iimpawu zeNdlu yeNtsimbi ephikisayo.
Oku kunentsingiselo ethile kwimiba apho uluvo lukawonke-wonke lwahlula khona kwimigca yejiyografi. Ukuba abavoti kumazwe angenabemi baninzi baneembono ezahlukeneyo kwezo zikwimimandla eyahlukeneyo, ukudityaniswa komelo olulinganayo lwesizwe kunye ne-filbuster ingavumela inani elimbalwa lamaMelika ukuba lithintele imigaqo-nkqubo exhaswa ngobuninzi obuninzi.
Ingqinelano yeNkcubeko: IiFilibuster Kweminye Imiqathango
IBhunga leNdlu yeeNtsimbi laseUnited States aliqhelekanga phakathi kwezindlu zowiso-mthetho zedemokhrasi ezivumela ingxoxo engenasiphelo nefuna amavoti aphezulu ukuyiphelisa. Inkoliso yedemokhrasi yepalamente ivumela iqela elininzi ukuba lilawule ucwangciso-mthetho lize lidlulise izinto zalo eziphambili ngokhetho olulula. Indlu yabameli, nangona iyinxalenye yeBhunga elinye, isebenza ngakumbi njengale mithetho yowiso-mthetho, enemida yexesha elingqongqo kwingxoxo kunye nolawulo oluninzi lomgangatho.
Le mbono ithelekisa icebisa ukuba idemokhrasi eyomeleleyo isebenza ngaphandle kwenkqubo ezifana ne-nfilibuster. Amazwe anenkqubo yowiso-mthetho ezingundoqo akahlanga ukuya kutsho kwigunya lobuzwilakhe okanye afumana utshintsho olubi nomthetho ngamnye kurhulumente. Noko ke, ezi nkqubo zisoloko zineempawu ezithile . Ezi zinto zifana noorhulumente abalungelelanisiweyo, umelo, okanye iinkundla zomgaqo-siseko ezinika uhlolo kumandla amaninzi.
Indima ekhethekileyo yeNdlu yeNdlu yeNtsimi yeMithetho-siseko yaseMelika, kuquka umelo lwayo olulinganayo lwamazwe kunye nendawo yayo njengegumbi elinye kwindlu yowiso-mthetho ye-bimeral, ingathethelela imithetho eyahlukileyo kunaleyo isetyenziswa kwezinye iidemokhrasi. Umbuzo ngulokuba i-finbuster iwusebenzela ngokufanelekileyo umsebenzi weBhunga lomgaqo-siseko okanye nokuba iye yavela yavela yaba ngumqobo wokulawula ngokunempumelelo.
Izizathu Ezisebenzisekayo ZobuGcisa Nezibonelelo
Kubemi abafuna ukuphembelela inkqubo, ukuqonda i-monilbuster kubalulekile ukuze uphumelele ekusebenziseni umthetho. Ukuba uxhasa umthetho, akwanele ukuqinisekisa uninzi lwabaququzeleli ngezantsi. Kufuneka wakhe iqela leevoti ezingama-60 ubuncinane okanye ufumane indlela ye-procedtura ephepha i-monilbuster.
Le nto iyinyaniso ibumba iindlela zokuyila. Iintlangano ezisebenza kwimiba yenkqubo kufuneka zibandakanye namaqumrhu asuka kuwo omabini amaqela, kwanaxa iqela elinye lilawula iBhanile. Inkxaso yokwakha i-bipartisba iba yimfuneko, enokuthi ikhokelele kwimigaqo elungeleleneyo esekelwe kwisivumelwano kodwa ingenza iziphumo zomthetho ophantsi kwamanzi ongaphumeleliyo kwiingxaki zokucombulula.
I-filbuster ikwachaphazela ixesha lemigudu yowiso-mthetho. Ngenxa yokuba ukuphumelela kwenkqubo yowiso-mthetho kufuna ixesha elibalulekileyo lomgangatho nekomkhulu lezobupolitika, abameli kufuneka baqwalasele enoba eli xesha lilungile kusini na ukutyhalela phambili okungundoqo okanye enoba inkqubela-phambili ekhawulezileyo ngemilinganiselo engaphikiswanga ingafumaneka.
Oyena Mhla: Oko Kutyhilwa Ngumthetho Ngefilibuster
- I-Constialigality: I-finbuster ayikhankanywa kumGaqo-siseko, kwaye umGaqo-siseko wayo uhlala uphikisana. UmGaqo-siseko unika igunya lolawulo lweBhunga kodwa ukwacebisa nokukhethwa kolawulo oluninzi ngokulinganiselwa kweemfuno eziphezulu.
- [[FLT: 0] Imvelaphi ye-Accitental: I-filbuster ayizange yenziwe ngabom kodwa yavela ngempazamo ukusuka kunyaka wewaka elinamakhulu asibhozo anamashumi amahlanu exesha elidlulileyo wokuhamba kwentshukumo yombuzo. Le ntlekele yembali ijike yamaMelika ulawulo olunzulu ngaphezu kweenkulungwane ezimbini.
- Ujikelezo Ngexesha: I-filbuster iguqukile ngokufuna iintetho zomgama omde ukwenzela ukuvumela isithintelo esithe cwaka phakathi kwesisongelo nje sengxoxo ebanzi. Le ndaleko yenze isithinteli sabalula nangakumbi.
- Imbali ekhuthaza ubuRacist: I-filbuster yasetyenziswa kakhulu ukuthintela umthetho wamalungelo abantu, kunye nesiqingatha sawo onke amanyathelo aphakathi ko1917 no1994 abandakanya amalungelo abantu. Le mbali iphakamisa imibuzo malunga nokufaneleka kwale nkqubo nenjongo.
- Iphawu lokungatshintshi: umahluko ongaphezulu kwe 160 kumntwana ozalwayo, kuquka uqingqo-mali lohlaziyo, ulwahlulo-lwabiwo, kunye neendlela ezahlukeneyo zomthetho zokukhulula. Ezi zingafaniyo zibonisa ukuba iBhunga lizibone ngokuphindaphindiweyo iimeko apho ulawulo loninzi lufanele lwenzeke.
- [[UMTL:0] Ifuno elingu 60-ivoti lichaphazela hayi nje ukuba ziziphi iindleko ezigqithayo kodwa ziziphi iindleko eziqwalaselweyo, indlela eziyilwe ngayo, nokuba ngaba imiba yenkqubo isombululwe ngokwemithetho okanye ngokwezomthetho. Impembelelo yenkqubo ye-Diacibster idlulela kude lee kwiindleko ezidi ezikhoyo.
- Imeko yePossilial: IBhunga lingayitshintsha imithetho yalo ngevoti enkulu, njengoko iboniswa lukhetho lwenyukliya lwemijukujelwa. Oku kuthetha ukuba ikamva lenkwili lixhomekeke kukuthanda kwezobupolitika kunokuba lixhomekeke kumthetho ongqongqo.
- I-Tension Between Principles:[ I-filbuster iquka uxinezeleko olungundoqo phakathi kokukhusela amalungelo amancinci nokunceda ulawulo oluninzi. Abantu abanolwazelelelo abavumelani malunga nendlela yokulungelelanisa la maxabiso akhuphisanayo.
Isiphumo: Indima yeFilibuster kuLawulo-lawulo-melo lwaseMelika
I-filbuster imela enye yezona mpawu zibalulekileyo neziphikisanayo zenkqubo yowiso-mthetho lwaseMelika. Ngelixesha ingakhankanywanga kumGaqo-siseko, iye yagxininiswa ngokunzulu kuqheliso lweNdlu yeeNdlela zezopolitiko. Isakhiwo esisemthethweni esijikeleze uLawulo lweNdlu yeNtlanganiso XXII kunye nolungiselelo lwayo lokulungisa.
Ukuqonda i-filibuster kufuna ukungqubana namaxabiso okukhuphisana: ulawulo oluninzi luchasene namalungelo amancinane, ukuphumelela nokucombulula ingxaki, ukuphendula ngokuchasene nozinzo. Kukho iimpikiswano ezifanelekileyo kumacala omabini empikiswano malunga nokusebenziseka nokufaneleka komntwana. Okucacileyo kukuba inkqubo ye-monicbuster ichaphazela ngokunzulu ulawulo lwamaMelika, ukugqiba ukuba yiyiphi imigaqo enokuba ngumthetho nendlela urhulumente anokusabela ngayo kwiimfuno zikawonke-wonke wonke.
Njengabemi, ukuqonda le nkqubo yemfundo kubalulekile ekuthembiseni uluntu ngokunempumelelo. Ukuba umgcini-khaya ufanele alungiswe, apheliswe, okanye alondolozwe ekugqibeleni ngumbuzo kubantu baseMelika kunye nabameli babo abanyuliweyo ukuba benze isigqibo. eso sigqibo siya kubumba ikamva ledemokhrasi yaseMerika kunye nolungelelwano phakathi komthetho-onke namalungelo amancinane kwinkqubo yethu yomgaqo-siseko.
Abo bafuna ukufunda okungakumbi ngenkqubo ye-monilbuster kunye ne-Indlu yeQela, U.S. ubuncwane obusemthethweni beNdlu yeeNdlu ze-ofisi zinikela ulwazi olunegunya ngembali kunye neenkqubo ezikhoyo. [ Brennan Center malunga nolungiso lwezolungiso [[FLT:]] [iiiiiiindlela] ekwakhenketho] inika ucaciso olunzulu lwamaxabiso e-Diciecester' kunye namalungelo abantu. ibonelela iimbono zolwazi kwizinto ezinokukhethwa kunye neziphumo zazo. Ezi zinto zinganceda abemi baphumele iimbono ezibalulekileyo ngolawulo lwaseMelika.
I-filbuster iyakuhlala ingumbandela wengxoxo enzulu kangangeminyaka ezayo. Njengoko i-Riphabliki iqhubeka inyanzeleka kwaye iNdlu yeQela ijongene noxinzelelo lokucombulula iingxaki ezinkulu zesizwe, imibuzo ngendima ye-finbuster iya kuqhubeka. Nokuba iyaguquka, iyaguqulwa, okanye iyasuswa izakuxhomekeka kwinkqubela yezopolitiko kunye nokhetho olwenziwa ngabaququzeleli kunye nabemi abameleyo. Ukuqonda isiseko somthetho, umongo wembali, kunye neziphumo ezisebenzayo ze-Dianbuster kuyimfuneko kuye nabani na ofuna ukuthatha inxaxheba ngokunentsingiselo kule ngxoxo yexesha elizayo yedemokhrasi yaseMerika.