Table of Contents
Oko Ufanele Ukwazi Ngemithetho Yokwakha Yasekuhlaleni Nendlela Yokulungisa Ikhaya
Ukubeka iliso kwiprojekthi yolungiso lwekhaya lithuba elichulumancisayo lokulungisa indawo yakho yokuhlala ngokweemfuno zakho nezinto ozithandayo. Noko ke, phambi kokuba ujije i-ahmmer okanye izinto zokuthumela, kukho inyathelo elibalulekileyo elinokwenza okanye laphule iprojekthi yakho: ukuqonda iikhowudi zokwakha zasekuhlaleni. Le mithetho ikhona ukuqinisekisa ukuba yonke isakhiwo sikhuselekile, siyasebenza, kwaye sakhiwe ixesha elide. Ukungazihoyi kungakhokelela kwizilibaziseko ezibiza imali, iingozi zokhuseleko, iingxaki ezisemthethweni, kunye nexabiso lempahla elinciphileyo.
Iyintoni Imigaqo Yokwakha?
Imithetho yokwakha yingqokelela ebanzi yemithetho emiselwe ngurhulumente wasekuhlaleni, maxa wambi nakumagunya esizwe alawula indlela izakhiwo ezimele ziyilwe, zakhiwe ngayo, zigcinwe ngayo. Le mithetho iyahlaziywa ngamaxesha athile ukubonakalisa inkqubela-phambili kwizixhobo, injineli, kunye nemigangatho yokhuseleko. Ngoxa imigaqo engqalileyo ingafani ngokwamaqela, inkoliso yemithetho egquma iindawo ezibalulekileyo ezenzelwe ukukhusela abantu kunye nengingqi.
Imimandla egqunywe yimithetho yokwakha
- Inyani epheleleyo: iqinisekisa iziseko, iindonga, amaphahla, kunye nezinto ezithwala umthwalo zingamelana namandla anjengomoya, ikhephu, kunye nomsebenzi wokunyikima.
- Ukhuseleko olubi: lubuyisela izinto ezilawula umlilo, iziphatho zomsi, iinkqubo zokufefa, iifestile zokuphambuka, kunye neendlela zokuphuma.
- Iinkqubo zemidlalo yeqonga:[[FL:1] Igquma i-wir, iziphumeli, izinqumli zesiphaluka, i-ementi, kunye nobuchule bomthwalo ukuthintela ukothuka nomlilo.
- Iinkqubo zokukhupha: zilawula izinto zombhobho, umphunga, ukungenisa, ufakelo lwamanzi okufudumala, kunye nokuthintela uqukuqelo lwangasemva ukuqinisekisa amanzi acocekileyo kunye nolawulo lwenkunkuma.
- [[UMTL: 0] Ukungasebenzi okungathandekiyo: Amaxabiso okunyusa, ukusebenza kwefestile, iHVAC, kunye nokukhanyisa ukusebenza kakuhle ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kunye nexabiso loncedo.
- Inkqubo yomatshini: Iquka ukufudumala, ukukhupha umoya, kunye nokukhupha umoya (HVAC) ufakelo, umsebenzi osebenzayo, kunye nemfuno zokukhupha.
Ngubani Onyanzela Imithetho Yokwakha?
Amasebe okwakha asekuhlaleni ajongene nokuqinisekisa ikhowudi. La masebe avumela iinkqubo, iingxelo, kunye nohlolo kumaqondo awahlukeneyo olwakhiwo. Abahloli besebe baqinisekisa ukuba umsebenzi uhlangabezana neemfuno zekhowudi phambi kwesigaba esilandelayo. IBhunga leKhodi yezizwe ngezizwe (ICC) likhupha ikhowudi yemodeli `njengemithetho yehlabathi lonke yeResideli (IRC) kunye nemithetho yokwakha yezizwe ngezizwe zonke (IBC).
Kutheni Ibalulekile Imithetho Yokwakha?
Ikhowudi yokwakha ayiyo tape ebomvu e-bureaucrate", zizinto ezigcina ubomi. Zikhona ukukhusela impilo, ukhuseleko, kunye nentlalo-ntle yabahlali abahlala khona kunye nengingqi yabemi. Nazi izizathu ezingundoqo zokuthi kutheni unamathela kwikhowudi kwimicimbi yokulungisa kwakho:
Ukhuseleko Kuqala
Ikhowudi ikukukhusela iingozi. Ubunjineli obufanelekileyo bunciphisa umngcipheko wokuwa; ikhowudi yombane ithintela imililo kunye nokusikwa kombane; ikhowudi yemibhobho ithintela ukungcoliswa kwamanzi okusela. Ngokwe- National Fire Protection Association, amakhaya akhiwe kwimithetho yale mihla yombane anemilinganiselo esezantsi kakhulu yomlilo wombane.
Iimfuno Zeinshorensi
Iinkqubo ze-inshorensi yomnini-khaya zifuna ukuba ulungiso lwe-inshorensi luvumelane nekhowudi yasekuhlaleni. Ukuba ufaka ingxelo yomonakalo obangelwa ngumsebenzi ongavunyelwanga okanye ongeyiyo ikhowudi, inkampani ye-inshorensi ingayikhaba inkcitho. Kwezinye iimeko, ukungafumani imvume kungayiphelisa ngokupheleleyo inkqubo yakho. Ngaphezu koko, ityala lomonakalo kwimpahla yakho linokuba sengozini ukuba kukho iimeko ezingakhuselekanga.
Ixabiso lempahla kunye nokubuyiselwa
Xa kufika ixesha lokuthengisa ikhaya lakho, umsebenzi ongavunyelwanga ungaboyikisa abathengi okanye unciphise izibonelelo. Abahloli bomhlaba bokwenene kunye nabahloli bamakhaya baza kuchonga ukungavisisani phakathi kolungiso oluvumelekileyo nolwandiso. Ukunyuswa kwekhowudi, kwelinye icala, kunganyusa ixabiso eliqingqiweyo kwaye kwenza ikhaya lakho libe nokuthengiselwa phambili. Ababoleki abaninzi bafuna isatifiketi sokuhlala okanye uxwebhu olufanayo ngaphambi kokuba bavume ukuhlawula ityala.
Unikezelo olusemthethweni
Oorhulumente banegunya lokukhupha intlawulo, imiyalelo yokumisa, kwanokufuna ukususwa komsebenzi ongeyomfuneko. Kwiimeko ezinzima, inyathelo lomthetho lingaphumela ekuxokeni kwempahla yakho. Ukungathobeli kuyaziphepha ezi ntloko ze kugcine iprojekthi yakho ihamba kakuhle.
Imithetho Eqhelekileyo Yokwakha Yasekuhlaleni Osenokuyifumana
Nangona imigaqo yemithetho yahlukile ngokwendawo, abanini-makhaya abaninzi bajongene nemithetho efanayo. Ukwazi le migaqo iqhelekileyo kuya kukulungiselela ingxubusho nezindlu namagosa okwakha.
Ukusetyenziswa Kwemithetho Nelizwe
Imithetho yokuzingela ilawula indlela yokusetyenziswa kwempahla, kwezorhwebo, kwemizi - mveliso, okanye kokudityaniswa. Ikwalawula uxinano, impepho yelothe, kunye nolwakhiwo. Ukuba uceba ukongeza igalaji engadityaniyo, iyunithi yokungena kwindlu (ADU), okanye ukwandisa ummiselo wonyawo lwekhaya lakho, imithetho yokubeka iza kuphembelela oko kuvunyelweyo.
Iimfuno Ezingaqondakaliyo
I-setbacks ichaza umgama ophakathi kwesakhiwo nemigca yempahla, izitrato, okanye ezinye iimpawu. Icala, kunye nothintelo lwangasemva luqinisekisa izithuba ezaneleyo zokukhanya, umoya, indawo yobuqu kunye nokufikelela kongxamiseko. Ukongeza umgangatho okanye ivaranda ekufuphi kakhulu nomgca wempahla kukwaphulwa okuqhelekileyo.
Imiqathango yomphakamo
Imimandla emininzi ilinganisela ubude bokwakha ukugcina iilayini zokubona, ukukhanya kwelanga, okanye iimpawu zobume basekuhlaleni. Ukuba udibanisa itein yesibini okanye idormer yophahla, khangela ubude obuvumelekileyo. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqinisekisa phambi kokuba kwenziwe isakhiwo esitsha.
Iinkqubo Zokuvumela
Phantse zonke izilungiso ezibalulekileyo zifuna imvume. Imvume eqhelekileyo iquka: [[FLT: 0]
Iimfuno Zokuyeka
Amagumbi angaphantsi kwebanga (ukuthotywa) asoloko efuna iifestile ezithambekileyo ezidibana nobukhulu obuncinci kunye nomlinganiselo wokuvula ukuvumela ukuphuma ngexesha likaxakeka. Le yindawo eqhelekileyo yokungahambelani nemigangatho engaphantsi egqityiweyo.
Imithetho yokusingqongileyo neyombane
Ziya zisanda, ikhowudi ezigunyazisa ukugcinwa kwamandla. Ezi zingaquka ii-R-avinces, iifestile ezisebenza kakuhle, ukuvalwa komoya ovuzayo, kunye nokukhupha umoya okufanelekileyo. Ezinye iindawo zifuna amalungiselelo alungiselelwe ilanga okanye izinto ezisetyenziswa phantsi.
Indlela Yokufumana Imilinganiselo Yokwakha Yasekuhlaleni
Ukufumana imiyalelo emininzi yasekuhlaleni kusenokudida, kodwa kukho iindlela ezinokuthenjwa zokufumana inkcazelo oyifunayo. Qala ekuqaleni kwinkqubo yakho yokuceba ukuphepha izinto ezingalindelekanga.
Yiya kwiWebhsayithi zikarhulumente wasekuhlaleni
Uninzi lukamasipala lufaka ikhowudi yokwakha, imvume yokufaka izicelo, kunye nemithetho yentlawulo yemali kwi-intanethi. Khangela amacandelo abhalwe “Ukwakha i-Facety,” okanye“ Iinkonzo Zokuxhasa.” Amasebe omgangatho karhulumente asoloko enikela uqhagamshelwano kwingingqi nakwizibonelelo zesixeko.
Qhagamshelana neSebe Lokwakha Lasekuhlaleni
Musa ukuthandabuza ukufowunela okanye ukutyelela isebe lokwakha. Abasebenzi bakhona ukuze bancede. Bangaphendula imibuzo emalunga neemfuno ezithile zekhowudi, iindidi kunye nocwangciso lohlolo. Zise ucwangciso lwakho okanye udwelise ulwalathiso oluthe ngqo.
Khangelana NamaGcisa Anelayisenisi
Izakhiwo, iinjineli, kunye neenkomfa zokwakha zisebenza ngekhowudi zasekuhlaleni yonke imihla. Ukukhusela ingcaphephe kwangethuba kungalondoloza ixesha nemali ngokuqinisekisa ukuba uyilo lwakho luchanile kwasekuqaleni. Ziza kukwazi ukuphatha uthotho kunye nohlolo.
Imvume yengingqi yengingqi
Ngoku izixeko ezininzi zisebenzisa iibhodi apho unokuphanda khona ngeengxelo zempahla, ubone imvume ekhutshwe ngaphambili, uze uhlole imeko yemvume ekhoyo. Oku kunokubonisa ukuba yiyiphi imisebenzi eyayivunyelwe kwikhaya lakho kuze kukuncede uqonde indlela oza kuphila ngayo.
Uhlolo lwemeko okanye lwemithetho yemodeli
Ukuba ufuna ukuziqhelanisa nemigangatho engundoqo, khangela kwi International Residelity Code (IRC) okanye ikhowudi eyamkelwe ngurhulumente wakho. Ikhowudi ye-ICC [[[FLT: 1]] inikezela ngonikezelo kwikhowudi ezininzi zemodeli. Noko ke, ngamaxesha onke iqinisekisa ukubuyiselwa kwaloo ndawo, njengokuba isenokuba yengqongqo.
Ihlaziywe kwiNguquko
Ikhowudi iyahlaziywa rhoqo emva kweminyaka emithathu ngokomlinganiselo. Sikela izilumkiso ezivela kwisebe lokwakha lasekuhlaleni okanye uzilandele kwi media yentlalo. Ukuba nohlelo lwangoku lwekhowudi kucelw'ityala/iingcebiso kumele zihambisane noguqulelo olusebenzayo ngexesha imvume ikhutshwa ngalo.
Imvume Neingxilongo: Izixhobo Zokutya Neebhanti
Ukufumana imvume elungileyo nokuphumelela uhlolo yindlela esebenzayo yokubonisa ukuba uthobela ikhowudi. Ukuqonda le nkqubo kuya kukunceda ukwazi ukufikelela ixesha elifanelekileyo nolindelo.
Usenokufuna Iintlobo Zemvume
- Imvume yokwakha isakhiwo: Kumsebenzi wokwakha, isongezo, kunye notshintsho olukhulu.
- Imvume yeqonga leqonga: Naziphi na iziphaluka ezintsha, unyuso lwendawo yolawulo, okanye ukuphinda unyuso.
- Imvume yokukhupha amanzi emvumeni: imigca yokunikezela ngamanzi, ukukhupha amanzi, izifakelo ezimileyo, kunye nodibaniso logutyulo logutyulo.
- Imvume yemichako: Ufako lwenkqubo yeHVAC, intunja yomsebenzi, kunye nezifudumezi zamanzi.
- Imvume yokukhupha izithuba: ngokususa inxalenye okanye ngokupheleleyo izinto.
Amanye amazwe avumela “umphandle" omnye avumele umsebenzi omncinci, njengokuthatha indawo yesixhobo sokufudumeza amanzi ngezibaluleko ezifanayo. Usoloko ubuza ukuba akuqinisekanga kusini na.
Inkqubo Yenkqubo
Ngokwesiqhelo, unikezela ngenkcukacha (zotywa kwisikali) ukubonisa iimeko ezikhoyo kunye nomsebenzi ocetyisiweyo. Quka nokubala, ingcaciso yezinto eziphathekayo, kunye neefomu zokusebenzisa amandla xa zifuneka. Umrhumo uhlawulwa ngokwexabiso eliqikelelwayo leprojekthi. Amaxesha ohlolo angasuka kwiintsuku ezimbalwa ukuya kwiiveki eziliqela, kuxhomekeke ekuntsonkothekeni nasekusetyenzisweni.
Izitena Zohlolo
Iiprojekthi ezininzi zifuna uhlolo oluninzi kwincopho enkulu. Iindawo zohlolo eziqhelekileyo ziquka:
- [[FLT]] uhlolo oluninzi
- [[FLT]] oluseluntwini lombane, umatshini wovavanyo, kunye nomsebenzi womatshini (phambi kokuba iindonga zivalwe) [[FLT]]] uhlolo emva komsebenzi olupheleleyo [FLT] uvavanyo emva koludonga olumisweyo [[[FLT:]] ucwangciso olukwimilisekileyo [[FLT:]] [[FLT]] [ult:6] [ucwangciso lokuhlola [unyaka odlulileyo] [unyaka ok'unyaka ok'unyaka ok'unyaka ok'unyaka wokusebenza, ungakwazi ukuvala iziphumo zeziphumo zokusebenza.[Ftlect: [fdk'ie.]
- imiyalelo yokuyeka ukusebenza emisa umsebenzi wakho phakathi komsinga. [[FLT:]]
- ii-FT] ii-flucts ezinokuphinda-phindwe kabini okanye eziphindwe kathathu iimali zemvume yantlandlo.[[FLT:] [[FLT]] ityala lokuthengisa ikhaya ```Iintengingiza nababolensi] [[FLT]] ifuna uqinisekiso lwemvume.[FLT:] [FLT]] [FLT] iimeko ezingalunganga ezinokukhokelela kwingozi okanye umonakalo. [FLT:] [FFFF:]] [FLT]]
Imiphumo Yokungahoyi Imigaqo Yokwakha
Kulula ukucinga ukuba “kukulungisa okuncinane” okanye“ akukho mntu uza kukhangela,” kodwa inyaniso icacile. Ngaphandle kobungozi obucacileyo obungokwasemthethweni nokhuseleko, ukungahoyi imithetho yemithetho kuchaphazela ikhaya lakho nemali yakho.
Ityala elingokwasemthethweni nelemali
Oomasipala bangafaka imali yonke imihla de umsebenzi uthotyelwe. Ukuba uthengisa ikhaya ngaphandle komsebenzi ongavunyelwanga, ungajamelana nokumangalelwa ngabathengi. I-inshorensi yomnini-khaya isenokungavumi ukugquma iingxelo ezinxulumene nomsebenzi ongavunyelwanga, ikushiyela ukuba uhlawule ingxowa-mali efana nemibhobho egqabhukayo evela kwimibhobho okanye emlilweni obangelwa kukurhwa.
Iingozi Zokhuseleko Ezifihlakeleyo
Umsebenzi wombane ongeyokhowudi ungundoqo womlilo okhoyo. Inkxaso engonelanga yesakhiwo ingakhokelela ekuxhonyweni kwemigangatho okanye ekudilikeni. Ukungalingani kombane kungafaka abahlali emlilweni. Umngcipheko awukufanelekeli ukusebenziseka: ukwaphuka kwekhowudi kungabulala.
Ixabiso lasekhaya elincitshisiweyo
Izandi kunye nabasebenzi bezindlu baqeqeshelwe ukubona ezongezelelekileyo ezingavunywanga. Umgangatho ongaphantsi ogqityiweyo owakhiwe ngaphandle kwemvume awunakubalwa ukuya kwizikwere zenyawo xa behlola. Abathengi abanokuba bathengi banokufuna unciphiso lwexabiso okanye bahambe ngokupheleleyo. Ikhaya lakho lingaba elingenakuthengiswa.
Ukusetyenziswa Kwemali
Ababoleki bafuna uvavanyo kwaye basoloko becela ubungqina bemvume yokulungisa okungundoqo. Ukuba umsebenzi ongavunywanga ufunyenwe ngexesha lesicelo sokubuyisela, imali ebolekiweyo ingalaliswa. Unganyanzeleka ukuba uzise umsebenzi kwimali yakho phambi kokuba ukhusele imali.
Amacebiso kucwangciso lwabanini-khaya
Ikhowudi yokwakha ngempumelelo ngoxa uhlala kuqingqo-mali nakucwangciso ifuna ucwangciso kunye neqela elilungileyo. Landela la macebiso asebenzayo ukugcina iprojekthi yakho ilula kwaye ingenaxinezeleko.
Umbuthi Ofanelekileyo
Umsebenzi owenziwe ngemvume, nge-injini, kunye neekontili ezinamava asondeleleneyo ezikummandla wakho. Cela iimbekiselo uze uqinisekise ukuba zifumana imvume kwisebe lokwakha lasekuhlaleni. Ikontrakthi edumileyo iya kuyisingatha inkqubo yemvume kunye nocwangciso lokuhlola njengenxalenye yomsebenzi wabo.
Babhale Yonke Into
Isivumelwano sakho kufuneka sichaze ukuba ngubani omele afumane imvume, ahlawule iindleko, kunye nocwangciso lokuhlola. Kuvela iimbambano ezininzi xa umnini-khaya egqiba ukuba ikontraka iza kusingatha imvume, kodwa ikontraka ayiyishiyi. Chaza ngokucacileyo iimbopheleleko ezingaphambili.
Yazi Udidi Lwakho Lwezinto Ezimbi
Ukuba iprojekthi yakho ibandakanya iziseko okanye isiseko, lindela ukuba umhloli afune uvavanyo lomhlaba okanye ingxelo yejiyognifiki. Iintlobo ezithile zomhlaba (udongwe oluneemitha ezininzi, zizalise) zifuna injineli ekhethekileyo. Yenza oku kusetyenziswe kuqingqo-mali lwakho kunye nexesha lakho.
Isalathisi somsebenzi
Uvavanyo maxa wambi lutyhila imiba ekufuneka ijongwe phambi kokuba kuqhubekeke. Umzekelo, umhloli angafumana inkxaso engafanelekanga yomqadi, efuna umqondiso obomvu. Beka bucala uhlaziyo lwe 10-15% kuqingqo-mali lwakho olungalindelekanga lokulungisa ikhowudi enxulumene nayo.
Phendla InjiniName
Gcina iikopi zemvume, iiplani ezivunyiweyo, iingxelo zohlolo, kunye neposi nesebe lokwakha. Lo mkhondo wephepha ubaluleke kakhulu xa uthengisa ikhaya okanye ukuba kuvela imibuzo kwiminyaka kamva. Thatha iifoto ngexesha lexesha lexesha leziphumo eziphambili.
Lubeke Phambili Ukhuseleko Ngaphezu Kwendlela Yokuzihlaziya
Kulula ukujolisa ingqalelo ekugqibeni nasekuyingeni, kodwa inkqubo yokwakha kunye neyomatshini ibaluleke kakhulu. Ukuqinisekisa ukuba amathambo akho alungisiweyo aqinile phambi kokuba usebenzise imali kwithayile yobunewunewu okanye kwikhabhinethi yesiqhelo. Ulungiso oluhle oluyingozi kukungaphumeleli.
Qonda “Utatomkhulu” Ukungalawuleki
Ukuba unekhaya elidala, ungakwazi ukugcina iimpawu ezithile ezikhoyo ezingadibaniyo nekhowudi yangoku/umzekelo, knob- kunye-tube ujiji. Noko ke, xa uqala ulungiso oluchukumisa ezo nkqubo, uzakufuneka uzizise kwimigangatho yale mihla. Sebenza nenkomfa yakho ukugqiba oko kubangela unyuso.
Qhagamshela kwisixhobo sokulawula amandla
Ulawulo oluninzi lunikela uphicotho-zincwadi lwamandla ngesisa okanye ngexabiso eliphantsi. Olu xwebhu luyakwazi ukuchaza iindawo apho ulungiso lwakho lunokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle ngapha koko kungaphantsi kwekhowudi. Ukunyuswa komqamelo, ukutywinwa, nokufakwa kweefestile ezisebenzayo eziphezulu kunganciphisa iindleko zemali zenzuzo kwaye kufanelekele ukuphinda kusetyenziswe.
Sebenzisa umpumezo-wemvume okanye isicwangciso
Ukuba uqhuba lo msebenzi ngokwakho, qwalasela ukuqesha imvume yokukhupha imvume. Ezi zifundiswa ziyayazi inkqubo yasekuhlaleni yokuvumela ngaphakathi kwaye zinokukhawulezisa imvume. Ziluncedo kakhulu kwimisebenzi entsonkothileyo kumazwe axakekileyo.
Isiphelo
Ikhowudi yokwakha yasekuhlaleni ayingomqobo, kwaye ayiyomathisi yokulungisa ikhaya. Ngokuzinika ixesha lokuqonda ukuba ziziphi ikhowudi ezisebenza kwiprojekthi yakho, ukukhusela imvume elungileyo, nokudlulisela zonke iimfuno zohlolo, ukhusela utyalo lwakho kunye nentlalo entle yentsapho yakho. Ukuba udibanisa igumbi lokulala, ukugqiba igumbi elingaphantsi, okanye ukulungisa kwakhona igumbi lokuhlala. Ukuthobela ikhowudi yokwakha kufuneka ibe yeyona nto iphambili kusuku olunye. Umsebenzi kunye noogxalasi bolwazi, uhlale usazi ngemimiselo yasekuhlaleni, ungaze unqumle iimbombo zokhuseleko.
Imiphumo Yemvume Yokutsiba
Ukusebenza ngaphandle kwemvume kungayikhokelela: [[[FLT: 0]